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COPYRIGHT DF-POSIT 





ofover ONE HUNDRED of the 
World's "Best 

PHYSICIANS and NURSES. 

Supp//ec/ espea'a//y for f/iis work 
Compiled & Edited by 

J0SEPHU5 GOODENOUGH.MD. 




WcM/Ma u*. * »^.7><TJt*' 




LIBRARY Of CONGRESS 
Two Copies Received 

MAR 18 1907 

a Copyright Entry 

(JUASS A XXc„ No. 

Uj.iS'a <o 3. 
COPY B. 



Go?) 



COPYRIGHTED 

BY 

F. B. DICKERSON CO., 

DETROIT, 

MICH. 

1902. 

ALL 

RIGHTS 

RESERVED, . 




JOSEPHUS CjOODENOUGH, M. D. 



COMPILER AND EDITOR'S PREFACE. 



EVERY reputable physician is to a certain extent a 
specialist. There are certain diseases he is most 
successful in treating, and for which he has his 
favorite remedies. The aim of this book has been to 
furnish its patrons with these favorite remedies — the 
safest, simplest and best known to the medical fraternity. 
To accomplish this we have gathered from many of the 
best physicians of this and other countries their favorite 
receipts, or prescriptions. The remedies thus collected 
cover all diseases to which the human body is subject, 
and have been arranged in a systematic and convenient 
form for the homes of this and other lands. We con- 
sulted with, and obtained these receipts from, over one 
hundred of the leading physicians and nurses of the 
world, to which has been added the combined experience 
and practice of the compiler and editor. 

The scope of this work is entirely original, nothing 
like it ever before having been published. It contains 
complete yet simple treatises on Diseases of Women, 
Diseases of Children, Poisons and their Antidotes, etc. , 
also a department on What Girls and Mothers Should 
Know by one of the most successful lady physicians in 
this or any other country. The illustrations are superior 

to those of any other family medical book in existence, 
and have been made, at great expense, especially for 
this work. 



COMPILER AND EDITOR'S PREFACE. 

To gather these favorite remedies from the best 
physicians of many lands and arrange them in conve- 
nient form for the homes and mothers of the world, has 
been a long, patient, but pleasant task, and if we have 
succeeded in supplying our patrons with a book that 
will serve them faithfully " in time of need," we will be 
amply rewarded for our labor. 

In the preparation of this work Dr. W. R. Henderson, 
United States Post-office Physician, at Detroit, Michigan, 
U. S. A., has been our constant counselor and adviser, 
and to him we are much indebted for his valuable 
contributions and suggestions. 



PHYSICIANS WHOSE FAVORITE REMEDIES 
WILL BE FOUND IN THIS BOOK. 



A number of physicians sent remedies for this book who, for 
professional reasons, desired that their names should not be 
printed. The work contains in all the choice remedies of more 
than one hundred leading doctors, of this and other countries, 
and, in addition, many home remedies of experienced and prac- 
tical nurses. 

i. N. L. Clarke .„...: Mobile, Alabama. 

2. F. VinsonhalER Little Rock, Arkansas. 

3. J. W. Hayward (Homeopathic)... Taunton, Massachusetts. 

4. John W. McCausland ■> Fort Wayne, Indiana. 

5. J. E. Hanna Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 

6. J. G. Brooks Paducah, Kentucky. 

7. Chester W. Stranahan , . . .Erie, Pennsylvania, 

8. A. L. Clark Elgin, Illinois. 

9. J. F. Weathers New Albany, Indiana. 

10. I. G. Anthoine Nashua, New Hampshire. 

11. Henry Baldwin, Jr Springfield, Ohio. 

12. J. S. Eaton Lincoln, Nebraska. 

13. D. C Brockman Ottumwa, Iowa. 

14. C. N. Palmer Lockport, New York. 

15. C. H. Myers South Bend, Indiana. 

16. L. M. BERG. (Homeopathic) Laredo, Texas. 

17. W. C. ChafeE Huntington, Indiana. 

18. C. C ELLIS (Homeopathic) Somerville, Massachusetts, 

19. Edwin Walker Evansville, Indiana. 

20. Arthur T. Hudson Paducah, Kentucky. 

21. A. W. Schiller Salem, Ohio. 

22. Arthur O. Jones Raleigh, North Carolina, 

23. G. W. H. Kemper Muncie, Indiana. 

24. SEVERIN LachapellE St. Henri de Montreal, P.Q. 

25. W. H. Hodson Lockport, New York. 

26. M. C. Wedgewood Lewiston, Maine. 

27. James W. Cokenower Des Moines, Iowa. 

28. W. A. J. Pollock Pensacola, Florida. 

29. J. G. KELLY Hornellsville, New York. 

30. A. L. Foreman Stockton, California. 

31. Wm. KERR Bay City, Michigan. 

32. Margaret Caldwell Waukesha, Wisconsin. 

33. Daniel Lichty Rockford, Illinois. 

34. Arthur P. Ginn Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

35. Wm. H. Hall Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 



PHYSICIANS. 

36. J. T. JONES Jackson, Tennessee. 

37. JohnR. Fleming (Homeopathic) Atlantic City, New Jersey. 

38. J. N. McCoy Vincennes, Indiana. 

39. J AS. A. Hart Colorado Springs, Colorado. 

40. Samuei, MiujkEN Dallas, Texas. 

41. Wm. C. Wood Gloversville, New York. 

42. T. E. Sands Battle Creek, Michigan. 

43. O. N. HoyT (Homeopathic) Pierre, South Dakota. 

44. GEO. W. Crosby Atlantic City, New Jersey. 

45. W. M. CampbeUv Atchison, Kansas. 

46. E. E. LEVERS Spring Valley, Wyoming. 

47. D. B. WyaTT Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. 

48. New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, N.Y. 

(The largest institution of the kind in the world). 

49. ROBERT W. Gibbes Columbia, South Carolina. 

50. H. C. Jones Decatur, Illinois. 

51. James A. Lane ° .Leavenworth, Kansas. 

52. F. J. Campbbix Fargo, North Dakota. 

53. P. I. Edwards . . . Jackson, Michigan. 

54. A. F. Hagadorn. West Bay City, Michigan. 

55. J. C. HoyE New Castle, Pennsylvania. 

56. Amos O. Taylor ( Homeopathic )..Altoona, Pennsylvania. 

57. Wm. B. REED Rome, New York. 

58. P. J. O'Hara Paris, Michigan. 

59. W. C. GATES Rockland, Michigan. 

60. N. W. Cady Logansport, Indiana. 

61. Donald Campbeu, . - .Butte, Montana. 

62. August Heigei^man Berlin, Germany. 

63. Max Von Wachter Berlin, Germany. 

64. GuSTAV Huhnhow Frankfort, Germany. 

65. OTTO Humrich Leipzig, Germany. 

66. Frederick Obenauer Potsdam, Germany. 

67. Cari, OESTERREICHER Hanover, Germany. 

68. PiERRE Rosei<o Marseilles, France. 

69. Jui.ES Campau Bordeaux, France. 

70. John S. Burns „ London, England. 

71. Archie S. WoodhousE .Leeds, England. 

72. Cyrus S. Edwards Liverpool, England. 

73. Douglas Cai/verT Glasgow, Scotland. 

74. Archibald MacDougaix Aberdeen, Scotland. 

75. Patrick J. McManis .Dublin, Ireland. 

76. ITO Fucasi Tokio, Japan. 

77. Carlos D. GUTIERREZ City of Mexico, Mexico. 

78. Nectar M. Kai,aitian Samsoun, Armenia. 

(Educated in the United States.). 

79. Jacob Schreck Amsterdam, Holland. 

80. Frederick Mudder The Hague, Holland. 

81. FriThiop Stjernhjelm Stockholm, Sweden. 

82. Dr L. W. Lander Stockholm, Sweden. 

83. Oi,AF Tordenskjold Christiana, Norway. 

84. Ephraim J. McCoujjm Tiffin, Ohio. 



,,/.. 




7 



£ 





8 



Jli I 



10 




'15 




: W 



No. 5. 

I, Large Arteries of the Neck. 2, Large Artery of Side and Arm. 
3, Bronchial Tubes (cut off). 4, Descending large Artery. 5, Lung Cavity. 
6, Termination of the Gullet (Stomach removed). 7, Diaphragm. 8, 9, 
Liver. 10, Gail-Bladder. 11, Spleen. 12, Pancreas. 13, Blood Vessels from 
the Membranous Covering of the Bowels. 14, Large and small Intestines. 
15, Appendix. 16, Kidney. 17, Artery cut off at Junction of the Heart, 18, 
Arch of the Aorta. 



Department I. 



DISEASES —CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, 
TREATMENTS, Etc. 



ABORTION.— (See Diseases of Women). 

ABSCESS.— A collection of pus or purulent matter among 
the tissues of the body, and in a cavity of new formation, attended 
with constitutional disturbance more or less pronounced according 
to the location and size of the tumor; and, if near the surface, 
noticeable by prominence, throbbing and tenderness. 

Cause. — Abscesses are the result of acute local inflammation 
where swelling and pressure shut off nutrition until the part dies. 
Gradually the tissues soften, turn to pus, and the pus is discharged. 
This is Nature's means of elimination. Abscesses are usually 
acute, or wa?m; occurring in weak or scrofulous persons, they may 
last indefinitely, in which case they are spoken of as chronic, or 
cold. 

Symptoms. — Inflammation, swelling, and pain in the affected 
part. When they occur in internal organs, the symptoms indi- 
cating their presence are obscure and would not be recognized 
with any degree- of certainty by other than a practiced physician. 
Diagnosis in such cases is not always made during life. Occurring 
in the brain, may cause headache, dilation of the pupil of the eye 
on the affected side, vomiting and convulsions in the early stages; 
also respiration may increase up to a certain point or degree, and 
then gradually decrease to a temporary cessation ( Cheyne-Stokes 
breathing). Paralysis may occur in the later stages. 

Boils and Carbuncles i(see description) come under the head of 
abscesses. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do in Advance of a Doctor. — When abscesses form 
near the surface, poultice with flax-seed meal or bread and milk. 
Open as soon as pus has formed. Keep clean with castile soap 
and water. Take something to purify the blood. Keep the 
bowels regular. For abscesses of this character it is not necessary 
i 



2 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

to call a doctor, but it may be advisable in severe and obstinate 
cases to have them lanced by a doctor. If there are indications of 
an abscess on the brain, a physician or surgeon should at once be 
consulted. 

A. In the early stage apply poultice of flax-seed until the 
abscess is soft to the touch of the finger, then open with a knife 
which has been thoroughly cleansed and dipped in boiling water. 
Press lightly on the sides of the incision to force out the pus, but 
do not press too hard. Dress the wound twice a day by washing, 
using castile soap, and cover with clean, soft linen. 

B. Dried Sulphate of Iron i drachm. 

Sulphate of Magnesia 4 " 

Elixir Vitriol 6 " 

Syrup Ginger y 2 ounce. 

Add enough water to make the whole 3 ' ' 

Mix. — Take a teaspoonful in a wineglassful 
of water after meals. — (19). 

Note. — Where the patient has a healthy color, 
the Sulphate of Iron should be omitted. 

C. Where the abscess is slow, take Hepor Sulphur or Sulphide 
of Calcium in 2 -grain pills. This hastens suppuration and the 
healing process. — ( 12 ) . 

D. When forming, poultice with flax-seed or bread and milk, 
and open freely as soon as pus has formed. After opening apply 
clean linen, or absorbent cotton pad wet with solution of Carbolic 
Acid, teaspoonful to pint of boiling water. Change as often as 
soiled. Never poultice an abscess after it is open. — (13) . 

Remark. — A poultice of ground flax-seed or ground elm bark 
is recommended by Dr. J. T. Johnson. 

E. Open and syringe out with boiled rain or filtered water, 
containing 20 drops strong Carbolic Acid to the teacupful. Keep 
a clean cloth wet with the same over the part. Renew when soiled. 
Syringe out daily. — ( 14). 

ABDOMINAL DROPSY.— (See Ascites under Dropsy). 

ACNE.— (See Skin Diseases). 

ADDISON'S DISEASE.— (See Bronzed Skin Disease). 

AGUE. — See Intermittent Fever under Malarial Fevers). 

ALBUMINURIA.— (See Kidney Diseases). 

ALCOHOLISM. — The physical and mental phenomena 
induced by the use of alcohol, of which drunkenness is an acute 
form and delirium treme?is an incident of the chronic form. 

Drunkenness. — Symptoms. — Intoxication begins with a 
period of exhilaration. The ordinary case does not go further 
than this, the effects passing away in sleep. In the more acute 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 3 

form, produced by imbibing an excessive quantity of alcoholic 
stimulants, the exhilaration is followed by a delirious stage, 
which is in turn succeeded by a state of coma not unlike that in 
apoplexy, the breathing being sonorous in character and the face 
bloated and congested. (See page 470.) 

Chronic Alcoholism. — The continued indulgence in alco- 
holic drinks brings about morbid changes in the various organs 
and tissues of the body. Dyspepsia, diseases of the heart, liver 
and kidneys, organic brain diseases and epilepsy may be brought 
about through this cause. 

Symptoms. — Dyspepsia, ' usually vomiting in the morning, 
sleeplessness, restlessness, and an increasing muscular tremor. 
All the functions of the mind become perverted, and the indi- 
vidual comes in time to have an imbecile expression added to 
bloated and repulsive features. 

Treatments. — 

A. Continue the use of liquor, for a time at least, but restrict 
to a certain amount. Take perhaps two ounces a day, in the 
form of sling, and the balance of the time, or whenever there is a 
desire for liquor, drink Scullcap tea (see chapter on herbs) 
freely. If this is continued, the nerves will become toned up 
and the taste for alcoholic drinks will gradually die out. 

It is also claimed that the dried root of Angelica (see chapter 
on herbs) , taken in doses of 15 to 20 grains, will cause a disgust 
for all spirituous liquors. 

A tea made from Stramonium (see chapter on herbs) leaves 
is claimed not only to cure or relieve the appetite for alcohol, but 
also for tobacco. This tea may be given in ordinary tea or coffee, 
oftentimes without the patient's knowledge. 

B. Those wishing to stop the use of intoxicating drinks will 
find the following a most excellent substitute. It will relieve the 
catarrhal condition of the stomach, aid digestion, and give vigor 
and tone to a weakened or shattered nervous system: 

Strychnine Sulphate 1 grain. 

Fowler's Solution 2 drachms. 

Lloyd's Hydrastus.." 4 " 

Tincture Chloride of Iron 3 " 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Add enough water to make 4 ounces. Mix, 
and take one teaspoonful before or after each 
meal. 

C. Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia, a teaspoonful or two in a 
glass of water, helps to sober up and overcome the depression 
following excesses. May be repeated in half an hour or an hour, 

(14) 



4 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

D. Hot bath daily; bowels kept open by the use of salts; 
Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia, a teaspoonful in a little milk 
every two or three hours. 

E. Bromidia in teaspoonful doses in water every hour. To 
produce sleep and quiet nervousness, r A. grain of Morphine 
Sulphate by hypodermic injection is good if some one can be 
depended upon to give it. Do not tell the patient he is being given 
Morphine. — (9. ) 

Note. — Morphine is only to help the patient to get sobered, 
and is not to be continued. 

F. Bromide of Soda 10 grains. 

Bromide of Potash 10 " 

Bromide of Ammonia 10 ■' 

Mix. — Dissolve in water and take every two 
or three hours until relieved. - (22). 

G. Total abstinence, with 20-grain doses of Bromide of 
Potash every three hours more or less often as needed to control 
the nervous system. — (7.) 

H Celenna (proprietary) 3 ounces. 

Comp. Tincture Cinchona 3 " 

Tincture Nux Vomica 2 " 

Fowler's Solution ij£ drachms. 

Dose. — Teaspoonful in water three times a 
day, before meals. 

or, 
Peacock's Bromides 4 ounces 

Dose. — Teaspoonful in water three times a 
day, between meals and at bedtime. — (20.) 

I. Sulphate of Iron 1 drachm. 

Magnesia 2 " 

Peppermint Water 12 " 

Nutmeg 12 " 

Dose. — Two teaspoonfuls, twice daily, after 
breakfast and supper. 

This is a tonic and stimulant, and has proven beneficial in 
numerous cases. —(70.) 

Note. — Dr. Burns states, in giving this remedy, that it cured 
of drunkenness the father of no less a personage than the 
celebrated divine, Rev. Newman Hall. 

Dutchman'' s Temperance Lecture — Short \ but Sound Common 
Sense. — "I shall tell you how it vas I drunk my lager; den I put 
mine hand on my head, and dere vas one pain. Den I puts mine 
hand on my body, and dere vas pain. Den I puts my hand on 
my pocket, and dere vas notting. So I jinemit de Demperance. 
Now dere is no pain in my head, and de pain in my body vas all 
gone away. I put mine hand on mine pocket, and dere vas 20 
dollars. So I stay mit de Demperance beeples." 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 5 

Delirium Tremens. — This is an incident in chronic alco- 
holism, and occurs in consequence either of unusual excesses or 
the withdrawal for a short time of the accustomed stimulus. It 
is the result of exhaustion of the nerve functions and consequent 
irritation of the brain. 

Symptoms. — The delirium itself is usually preceded by two 
or three days of mental depression and restlessness, during which 
the patient is peevish and irritable and his sleep disturbed; or he 
may suffer from loss of appetite and nausea, and perhaps vomit 
occasionally. He is greatly dejected, and is haunted with a sense 
of impending danger or misfortune. As delirium develops he 
talks incessantly, mingling the real with the imaginary, his 
ravings frequently becoming unintelligible through a trembling of 
the tongue. There is a rapid pulse, a tremor of the muscles of 
the limbs, a fidgeting of the hands, a constant activity of the 
body and utter sleeplessness. Bodily and mentally he is busy day 
and night. He suffers from one delusion after another, being 
haunted with spectres, threatened with dangers, attacked by 
enemies, and at times covered with loathsome objects, as reptiles, 
vermin, etc., which he is unable to shake off. These symptoms 
continue until sleep is produced or the patient sinks from exhaus- 
tion. If he is unable to obtain refreshing sleep in four or five 
days, the disease is likely to terminate fatally. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do. — Put the patient to bed and keep him as quiet 
as possible. It is a good idea to give a little hot sling — just 
enough to keep the brain slightly stimulated — but not to give it 
more than once a day. Bromide of Potassium may be given in 
from 5 to 10-grain doses, or a doctor may be called for further 
treatment. 

In cases where delirium comes on while a man is still carrying 
on his long-continued debauch, there will generally be a greater 
determination of blood to the head than in the ordinary cases 
arising after a debauch has been discontinued for a short time. 
In this case there must be the most active derivative treatment to 
draw the blood away from the head, such as the feet in water as 
hot as it can be borne, with mustard in it, mustard plasters to the 
feet and back of the neck, sponging with strong cayenne whiskey, 
an active cathartic, etc., this to be followed with quieting treat- 
ment. A warm bath continued from three hours even to ten 
hours, with cold applications to the head, has proven a very 
successful remedy, patients often falling asleep in the bath. 

A person suffering from delirium tremens is not to be trusted 
alone for a moment, as he is liable to injure himself by jumping 
out of a window, or in some other way, to free himself from his 
imaginary enemies. 



6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

A. Force feeding with strong coffee, soups and milk or beef 
tea. Get patient in quiet place and to sleep if possible. If 
stomach will hold, give 20 grains of Bromide of Potash every two 
hours till quiet. Keep bowels open. Give ginger and pepper 
tea. No whiskey. Or give teaspoonful Tincture of Cinchona 
Compound in water every two or three hours. — (No. 13.) 

B. Teaspoonful doses of Tincture of Capsicum. Milk diet. 
20- grain doses of Bromide of Potash, taken in water every three 
or four hours. — (No. 7.) 



ALCOHOL. 

In making the following statements concerning the effects of 
alcohol upon the human system, the aim has been to confine the 
thought entirely to the diseased changes produced upon the various 
tissues and organs by the continued use of alcoholic stimulants. 
The statements are not overdrawn, the object being to give the 
facts. 

Alcohol is absorbed from the stomach into the circulation. 
No change takes place in the alcohol in the stomach; it circulates 
in the blood as alcohol, and in this diluted state it comes in direct 
contact with the tissues and inflames them. Its first effect is upon 
the nervous system. 

Nerves of the Blood Vessels. — The nerves which govern 
the size of the blood vessels become paralyzed, the small vessels 
become relaxed and dilated, and the organs are flooded with blood 
which they do not need. The cells and organs receiving this 
increased blood supply become larger and, as a result, new cells 
begin to form. They develop by a division of the parent cells, 
and thus there is an increase in tissue. This new growth lacks 
quality, as alcohol is never a true tonic. The individual is bloated 
and the flesh is flabby. The effect is deceitful and superficial, and 
the alcohol steadily saps the vital forces and undermines the 
constitution. 

Connective Tissue. — The new tissue mentioned is a form 
of connective tissue. As naturally supplied, connective tissue 
develops with the growth of the individual and acts as a frame- 
work for all the structures of the body. When resulting from 
inflammation, however, it invariably contracts. As the contrac- 
tion continues, the unyielding pressure on surrounding tissues 
causes a shrinkage in the size of the organ it envelops, and the 
functions of that organ are correspondingly interfered with. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 7 

The Stomach. — Commencing with the stomach, where the 
first effects of alcohol are produced, the little glands of the lining 
membrane, which collect from the passing blood stream certain 
materials and transform them into digestive ferments (see Diges- 
tion) , are squeezed and pressed out of shape. Some are entirely 
obliterated, others are closed, the openings of others are narrowed 
or closed, and they become useless. Many glands that are not 
destroyed may have some of their secreting cells destroyed. The 
stomach may be dilated and may contain more or less fluid, but 
the secretions are changed in quality and the digestive fluids are 
lessened. It contains too much mucus, and chronic dyspepsia is 
the result. This is proven by the morning vomiting of drunkards 
and by post mortem examinations. 

The Liver. — The same change takes place in other parts : 
First in the liver, because the alcohol is carried direct to that 
organ from the stomach. The changes in the liver are practically 
the same as in the stomach, i. e., first overgrowth of connective 
tissue and then shrinkage of the organ, and the cause is the same 
— chronic inflammation. The shrinkage of the liver prevents 
more or less the return of the blood that passes through it. This 
return circulation comes from the stomach, digestive tract, spleen, 
etc.; and as the blood is forced back to these organs, the changes 
in the stomach are increased and congestion and inflammation of 
other organs follow. There results diarrhea, enlarged spleen, 
piles, abdominal dropsy, or more than one of these conditions may 
exist at the same time. This disease is called cirrhosis, or sclerosis 
of the liver, meaning a hardening. It is also called hob-nailed liver ; 
rum- drinker 's liver, whiskey liver, etc. With the single exception 
of syphilis, this disease can only be produced by alcohol and is 
frequently met with in habitual drunkards. 

During the early stages of inflammation, liver abscess may 
form, and death may occur before the liver has had time to shrink. 

The Kidneys. — The effect of alcohol upon the kidneys is 
much the same as upon the liver, and is the most chronic of all 
forms of kidney disease. The blood vessels supplying the kidneys 
are large in proportion to the size of the organs. This subjects 
them to a proportionately large amount of the irritating effects of 
alcohol, hence their great liability to disease. 

The whole organ becomes shrunken, and the outer portion is 
nearly obliterated. This is also called sclerosis. It is one form of 
Bright' s Disease and is most often produced b} r alcohol. 

The Heart. — Blood cannot circulate freely through the 
kidneys, as many small vessels have been destroyed, hence it is 
crowded into other channels. This renders them full and tense, 
and the heart beat is increased in proportion. The heart is 



8 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

enlarged, and the muscle fibres of the small arteries throughout 
the whole body are increased as a result of the extra strain upon 
them. 

Fatty Degeneration of the heart may and does follow the 
low form of inflammation produced by alcohol. Gradually the 
cells of which the organ is formed lose their vitalit}^ degenerate 
and are changed more or less into fat. The muscle fibres become 
indistinct, and the tissues are soft and easily torn. 

The Arteries. — Degeneration of the walls of the arteries 
takes place, i.e., many cells change more or less to fat. While in 
this condition the cells constituting the arteries are unable to 
exert their selective power, and lime salts are frequently deposited. 
These salts are always present in the circulation, but in health are 
prevented from entering the walls of the blood vessels. Any 
disturbance of the nervous system leaves the tissues without 
proper support, and the individual cells are unable to absorb proper 
nourishment. The larger arteries are comparatively free from 
danger, because their walls are thicker and stronger. The 
medium-sized arteries are most affected — those of the upper and 
lower extremities and those supplying the brain. Ultimately some 
of these vessels become changed into a hard, brittle tube, like the 
stem of a clay pipe. 

In amputation such arteries are secured with difficulty, as 
the ligature or thread with which they are tied is liable to cut 
through. This condition of the arteries is the principal cause of 
apoplexy, as in their diseased condition any strain, heavy lifting, 
or sudden bending forward, may so increase the blood pressure 
as to cause rupture of such vessels in the brain. Aneurism (see 
Aneurism) or Aortic Stenosis (see Stenosis) may also occur. 

Brain and Spinal Cord. — Upon the brain and spinal cord 
alcohol produces the same effect as upon other organs or tissues : 
First, congestion ; second, a low form of inflammation, followed 
by an overgrowth of connective tissue. The contraction of this 
tissue produces hardening here as elsewhere. 

The contraction of the connective tissue in the brain and cord 
causes pressure upon the nerves, nerve cells and surrounding 
tissue, obliterates many small vessels, interferes with nutrition, 
and the result is hardening and loss of function. The hardening 
is called sclerosis. This is responsible for many forms of spinal 
paralysis, and may be caused by alcohol or other irritants. 

Bronchial Tubes, etc. — Alcohol also produces alow form of 
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the bronchial tubes 
and air cells of the lungs. This is called chronic bronchitis. 
Alcohol produces the same changes here as elsewhere. At first 
the mucous membrane is congested and thickened, the calibre or 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 9 

size of the air tubes is lessened, and the secretions are increased 
by reason of the increased amount of blood. This produces irri- 
tation and cough, and more or less expectoration of thick, tena- 
cious mucus. 

The same catarrhal condition may be produced in the mucous 
membrane of the digestive tract, causing chronic diarrhea. Chronic 
catarrh may also result. 

Absorption of Water. — Alcohol absorbs water from every 
part of the body, and this is the reason so much water is needed 
after drinking liquor. Alcohol also extracts water from the blood 
corpuscles, leaving them shrunken. The absorption of water 
causes condensation and hardening of all the tissues. This is most 
marked in the brain because the brain requires so much blood and 
contains so much alcohol. The brain is the seat of reason, judg- 
ment, memory, emotion, sympathy, charity, love, etc., but the 
effects of alcohol bring these noble qualities to the brute level. 

Delirium tremens is caused by alcohol, which absorbs so much 
water from the brain tissues. As the brain shrivels and shrinks, 
and the vessels become irregular, the optic nerve, or nerve of 
sight, becomes so drawn and bent that it transmits to the brain 
tortuous, grotesque and frightful objects, while the excitement of 
the victim is the result of the poison acting as an irritant. For a 
time the user of alcohol lives fast in a physical sense, and enjoys 
animal exhilaration, but while he is doing this, the changes 
already described are taking place — slowly, but surely. It is true 
that it may require several years to produce the change in some 
people, while in others the same condition is produced in a shorter 
time; but sooner or later these changes occur in all who continue 
the use of alcohol. 

AMENORRHEA.— (See under Diseases of Women). 

AMYLOID DEGENERATION. — (See Diseases of 
Liver). 

ANi3sMIA. — In this disease there is a deficiency in the 
number of the red corpuscles of the blood. The corpuscles present 
contain the normal amount of coloring matter, but for some reason 
their number is diminished. There are two forms of this disease 
— Ancsmia and Pernicious Ancemia. Ischemia is localized Anaemia. 
The last is generally due to the sudden shutting off of the blood 
supply. 

Causes. — Anaemia may result from deficient food supply or 
improper food, lack of fresh air, want of sunshine, a scrofulous 
tendency or disposition, overwork, unhygienic surroundings, or 
indigestion followed by a catarrhal condition of the stomach and 
bowels; or may follow protracted fevers, ulcer of the stomach, or 
Bright' s Disease. See Pernicious Anemia , following. 



IO FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Symptoms. — The patient is pale, weak and irritable; the lips 
look bloodless, and the conjunctiva, or mucous membrane which 
lines the eyelids, is pale and white looking; there is loss of appe- 
tite, dyspepsia, and may be acid fermentation in the stomach and 
eructations; at times there may be nausea and vomiting. There 
may also be dizziness or fainting, or palpitation of the heart. The 
palpitation, when it occurs, is sympathetic, and is the result of 
the condition of the stomach. The heart and stomach lie in close 
relation and the same nerves supply both organs. 

Treatments. — 

A. In this disease the blood lacks the normal elements as a 
result of indigestion and constipation, and contains many impur- 
ities ; hence the treatment consists wholly in regulating the con- 
dition of the bowels and in nourishing food, never forgetting an 
abundance of fresh air and regular habits. The remedies which 
may be used in this disease are Iron, and Fowler's Solution. 
Blaud's Pills in 5-grain doses after meals are recommended by 
some, and are undoubtedly of value. We recommend as an excel- 
lent combination the following : 

Lloyd's Hydrastus 3 drachms. 

Tincture of Chloride of Iron 6 " • 

Fowler's Solution 2 " 

Glycerine i l /i ounce. 

Simple Elixir, enough to make 4 " 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful three times a 
day, after meals. 

Iodide of Arsenic is also a good remedy; if substituted for 
the foregoing, the dose should be 1-50 of a grain, taken between 
meals and at bedtime. 

If the heart is troublesome, give 2 drops of Fluid Extract of 
Digitalis three or four times a day, or less often; or give 2 grains 
of Caffeine every three hours, or as needed. Give either one 
of these often enough to keep the heart regular. 

For the digestive tract, give 10 grains of Salol after meals and 
at bed time — four doses a day. 

If constipation is present, give 15 drops of Fluid Extract of 
Cascara in the morning, or morning and night. This amount may 
be increased or diminished to suit the case. Before giving the 
Cascara, give 1-5 of a grain of Calomel every hour until two 
grains have been taken, and if while giving the Cascara the liver 
seems to be inactive, give an occasional 5^-of-a-grain dose of 
Podophyllin. This amount may be given every night, if neces- 
sary. It will not be necessary to continue the Calomel. 

If there is headache or dizziness, give one pill or tablet of 
Aconitine Amorphus, 1-100 grain, every one or two hours. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. u 

If there are neuralgic pains, give one pill or tablet — 1-250 of 
a grain — of Gelsemine every thirty minutes until it takes effect. 
If the eyelids become heavy and droop, it is from the effects of 
the Gelsemine, and if continued, the amount of the dose should 
be decreased or taken less often. 

B. The successful treatment of anaemia demands pure, dry air; 
a wholesome, mixed diet, adapted to the digestive powers ; daily 
moderate and cheering exercise; a daily stimulating and cleansing 
bath; and the employment of such medicines as strengthen the 
digestive organs and improve the quality of the blood. Flannel 
should be used next the skin, and should be changed frequently. 

The following may be used with advantage: 

Caulophyllin 2 scruples. 

Ptelea.... 2 

Strychnia 1 grain. 

Kxtract Dandelion 2 scruples. 

This should be mixed and formed into about forty pills, one 
of which should be taken three times a day, an hour before eating. 
In connection with this take the following: 

Ammonia-Citrate of Iron y 2 ounce. 

Dissolve in two ounces of water, and add two 
ounces of Lemon Syrup. Take a teaspoonful 
half an hour after each meal. 

This treatment should be persevered in, especially the Iron, 
for sometime after all anaemic symptoms have disappeared. 

ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS OR PROGRESSIVE.— In 

the pernicious form all of the conditions which produce the ordi- 
nary anaemia are exaggerated. 

Cause. — There has never been any cause given for this 
disease, yet we wish to state what seems to us to be a reasonable 
cause for this ailment. First, however, we will enumerate the 

Symptoms. — The disease comes on without warning. First 
there is languor and constipation, followed by palpitation of the 
heart, difficult breathing, dizziness, fainting, poor appetite, nausea 
and vomiting; later there is fever and disturbance of sight. The 
patient is thin and weak. There are degenerative changes in the 
arteries and in the marrow of long bones, fatty degeneration of the 
liver and spleen, and rupture of small vessels just beneath the 
skin causes hemorrhage and gives the skin a mottled appearance. 
There are also hemorrhagic spots in the liver and kidneys, and 
degeneration of the heart muscles. 

This condition and all of these S3miptoms indicate a lack of 
nourishment from some cause— poor food, dyspepsia, or bad 
hygiene. We believe the greatest cause to be the unhealthy condi- 
tion of the digestive tract. There are four avenues of elimination 
for the waste material in the body: One is the lungs, poison being 



12 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

eliminated by the air cells and tubes. Carbonic acid gas is given 
off through this channel, also i *A pints of fluid in the form of 
watery vapor, every 24 hours. This vapor contains many poisons, 
the nature of which is not known. Another avenue is the skin. 
Many waste materials are eliminated through the pores of the 
skin. Another avenue is the kidneys. The kidneys eliminate 
many waste products, the principal one being urea, a deadly 
poison. The remaining channel for elimination is the digestive 
tract, but elimination by this route is checked, and the constipation 
allows degenerative changes to go on, resulting in the production 
of many poisons. These are absorbed more or less into the circu- 
lation, gradually the system becomes permeated with the impurities, 
and gradually the patient is brought under their lowering tendencies . 
This condition would not only account for pernicious anaemia, but 
for typhoid fever, consumption, cancer, softening of the brain, 
and any and all chronic diseases. The primary, or first cause, is 
dyspepsia, followed by constipation and lack of elimination, as 
stated. 

Treatment. — 

First, cause thorough elimination by the digestive tract by 
means of cathartics, and also flush the bowels with large injections 
of warm water. Give ten doses of Calomel, 1-5 of a grain each, 
every 30 minutes, and follow with one or two tablespoonfuls of 
I^axol (see Index). Arrange for good ventilation, see that the 
surroundings are all made clean and wholesome, and give frequent 
feedings of the most nutritious food. If there is evidence of 
dyspepsia, give artificial digestants (see Index). Give 1 teaspoonful 
of Bovinine with each meal, increasing the dose to 2 or 3 teaspoon- 
fuls if the patient does not object. Give 1-50 of a grain of Iodide 
of Arsenic three times a day, between meals and at bedtime, or 
perhaps a better remedy would be the following: 

Tincture of Chloride of Iron % ounce. 

Fowler's Solution 3 drachms. 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Simple Blixir, enough to make 4 " 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful after meals. 

Give 10 grains of Salol four times a day. Give frequent baths, 
keeping the skin clean and healthy. Following the baths rub the 
surface lightly each time. Cod I^iver Oil may be applied to the 
skin after each bath, or, if the odor is objectionable, Sweet Oil 
instead. This will relieve the friction and allow massage to go 
on to greater lengths; also the oil that is absorbed is digested and 
appropriated by the system. 

ANASARCA.— (See under Dropsy). 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 13 

ANEURISM. — Aneurism is a tumor formed by the bulging 
of an artery. The artery may become weakened at some point, 
as described under Atheroma, or aneurism may be the result of 
violent exercise or heavy lifting. The force of the circulation 
may be brought so direct as to cause slight bulging, which gradu- 
ally develops into a large tumor. This sac formation, small at 
first, gradually becomes larger, as with each heart beat the blood 
is driven into it with greater force. It may occur on any artery, 
but usually occurs on one of the larger arteries. 

Cause. — Aneurism may be caused by diseased arteries, such 
as result from syphilis, alcohol, old age, or any condition where 
there is mild inflammation long continued, as described under 
atheroma. It may also result from Bright' s disease, from violent 
exercise, from heavy lifting, or from the formation of an abscess 
near an artery. 

Symptojns. — The most prominent symptom of aneurism is a 
pulsating tumor. By making pressure upon the artery above the 
tumor, that is, on the side toward the heart, the tumor will dis- 
appear, showing that the blood has drained away; by making 
pressure below the tumor, or on the side farthest from the heart, 
the tumor will become larger as the blood is gradually pumped 
into it. These tumors also produce a peculiar whirring sound. They 
may form on the aorta, that is, the large artery that is given off 
from the lower left cavity of the heart and which is the beginning 
of the arterial system. If the tumor forms in the chest cavity, it 
may cause pressure upon the nerves which supply the lungs, and 
will cause cough; if it presses upon the nerve which supplies the 
heart, it may excite or depress the heart's action; if it presses upon 
the nerve that supplies the organ of voice, it will cause hoarse- 
ness. The same nerves supply all of these organs. They pass 
down, one on either side of the neck, and enter the chest cavity. 
Aneurism may exist for a limited time without noticeable symp- 
toms, but as the tumor grows it presses upon and wears away any 
and all tissues with which it may come in contact. It wears away 
bone as well as soft tissue, 

Treatment. — 

The first object should be to secure quiet. The patient should 
rest as much as possible. If the aneurism is not large, the patient 
can be around, but lying down several hours a day will be of 
great benefit. When we remember that the number of heart beats 
is from 20 to 30 less to the minute while lying down, we can 
readily understand the advantage of this suggestion, because the 
whole object is to lessen the circulation and lessen both the 
frequency and force of the heart beat. It is only by this means 
that any relief can be secured. A very low diet is also of great 



14 



FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



benefit. Veratrum and Aconite are given internally in i-drop doses 
every hour with a view to slowing the heart's action and lessening 
the force of the pulse. Mechanical pressure is also used. When 
the aneurism is favorably located, by making pressure above it, 
on the side toward the heart, the circulation is brought to such 
a low ebb that the aneurism remains nearly empty. If the disease 
is the result of syphilis, anti-syphilitic treatment should be given. 
If the artery is on an arm or a leg, and all other means fail, the 
artery may be tied above the aneurism, thus shutting off the 
blood pressure. Should gangrene follow the tying of an artery, 
amputation would be necessary. 

ANGINA PECTORIS.— (See under Diseases of the 
Heart). 

DISEASES OF THE ANUS. 



The anus is the lowest part, or termination, of the bowel. It 
is surrounded by muscular fibres, called sphincter ani, which keep 
the orifice closed when the bowels are not to be evacuated. It is 
subject to 

Fissures, 

Fistulas, 

Hemorrhoids, or Piles, 

Prolapsus Ani. 

Itching. — An annoying itching is often felt at the anus, for 
which the best treatment is to keep- the parts very clean with 
good soap and water, and to take internally Sulphur and Cream 
of Tartar. Also the application of an ointment made of Carbolic 
Acid in the proportion of r A teaspoonful of Carbolic Acid to ^ 
pound of fresh lard, will stop the itching and burning so common 
in diseases of the anus. 

FISSURE OF THE ANUS.— An ulceration of the anus. 

Cause. — There are various causes which may result in such 
an abscess, among which are constipation and piles. 

Symptoms. — In case of a fissure the pain attendant upon 
evacuation continues for several hours instead of a short time, as 
in the case of piles. 
Treatment. — 

Fissure should be treated by a physician. The treatment 
recommended below is the proper one, but really requires a 
physician to make the application. 

A. Clean the parts thoroughly and touch up the cracks with 
Nitrate of Silver. If this does not cure, have the parts stretched 
under Ether. (10). 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 15 

FISTULA. — An unnatural passage leading from the skin or 
mucous membrane to any other surface. Occurring in the bowel, 
it is simply the track of an unhealed ulcer. 

Cause. — In a rectal fistula the ulcer is the result of constipa- 
tion or injury; usually the former. The pressure from the dry 
and hardened faeces produces irritation and inflammation to such 
an extent that an ulcer forms. This may be one, two, three or 
four inches above the external opening; usually it is about two 
and one-half inches above. Suppuration continues, extending 
toward and usually appearing upon the surface. Where the pus 
burrows through until an opening is made on the surface, the 
fistula is spoken of as complete; if it does not reach the surface, it 
is spoken of as a blind or incomplete fistula. 

Symptoms. — The most prominent symptom is the passage of 
faeces through the false opening. There is also a feeling of 
uneasiness and, sometimes, more or less pain, although the pain 
and burning sensation are not so marked as in fissure. 

Treatment. — 

The first part of the treatment only belongs to the patient to 
perform for himself, and consists in taking an active cathartic, 
and, after the bowels have moved thoroughly, to wash out the 
lower bowel with an abundance of water — two or three quarts. A 
physician will then pass a groove-director through the external 
opening into the bowel, cut through to the surface and make 
provision for dressing the wound. 

HEMORRHOIDS— PILES. — Piles are tumors situated 
about the anus or just within the rectum. The former are external 
piles, the latter, internal piles. Both varieties may exist at the 
same time. In some cases these tumors break and blood is dis- 
charged from them, in which case they are spoken of as bleeding 
piles; if there is no discharge of blood, and they remain internal, 
they are spoken of as blind piles. 

Cause. — What seems to be an imperfection in the anatomical 
structure of the veins surrounding the rectum is the primary 
cause of this trouble. The veins throughout the body and lower 
extremities are well supplied with little valves which prevent a 
return of the blood, but for some unknown reason those sur- 
rounding the rectum are not thus supplied. The absence of these 
valves favors congestion, and the veins gradually bulge until 
small sacs are formed. Everything that irritates the lower bowel, 
as strong physics, habitual costiveness and any of the causes 
which tend to produce it, as straining at stools, etc., will cause an 
increase of blood in this part and a consequent congestion, and 
piles are the usual result. 



16 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Symptoms. — Pain, often a burning sensation, and a protru- 
sion of the pile. Usually there is hemorrhage, which may be 
slight or very profuse. If tiie hemorrhoids are large and remain 
internal, there will be a constant desire to evacuate the bowels for 
the reason that the sensation is the same as though the mass con- 
sisted of fecal matter. An examination will reveal the true 
condition. 

Treatments. — 

All conditions are benefited by the free use of intestinal anti- 
septics: 10 grains of the Sulphocarbolate of Soda in tablet form, 
or the same amount of Salol, either in tablet form or powder, 
should be taken four times a day. To insure greater regularity 
of bowel movement, avoid meats and all heavy foods for supper. 
It is a well established fact that by eating light suppers difficul- 
ties of constipation are more readily overcome. 

Local Applications: 

A. The following ointment will be found of value in many 
cases of piles: 

Vaseline i ounce. 

Nut-Galls, pulverized 80 grains. 

Pulverized Opium Yi drachm. 

Put on a plate and mix together thoroughly 
with a case-knife or something of the kind. 
Use after each movement of the bowels. 

If the bowel comes down, put it back, carrying it up with 
the index finger as far as possible. This will cure simple piles, 
but in case of fistula or hemorrhoids it will be necessary to have 
a surgical operation. 

B. Tincture of Iodine 10 drops. 

Carbolic Acid 10 " 

Morphine Sulphate 5 grains. 

Nut-Galls, powdered 80 " 

I^anoline, enough to make 1 ounce. 

(80). 

C. Flour of Sulphur 2 ounces. 

Nut-Galls, powdered 1 " 

Opium, powdered 1 drachm. 

Add lard enough to make a paste and mix 
thoroughly. (63.) 

D. Tannic Acid 15 grains. 

Borax, powdered 10 " 

Carbolic Acid 20 drops. 

Vaseline 2 ounces. 

Mix, and apply to piles two or three times 
each day. Keep bowels regular with mild 
laxatives. (42.) 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 17 

IB. Take the inner bark of the white oak 
tree, boil and strain, and boil again until you 
obtain y z pint of the extract, very thick; then 
add yi pint of oil of the oldest and strongest 
bacon you can procure; simmer together until 
a union takes place when cold. Apply by the 
finger up the rectum every night Abstain 
from strong and stimulating diet. 

While the foregoing remedies are recommended as the most 
satisfactory methods of palliative treatment, a cure cannot be 
promised by their use. After the sacs have once formed, local 
treatment is uncertain. In many cases it will relieve, and pos- 
sibly in some cases effect a cure. The only sure treatment, 
however, is the injection method or removal with the knife. 
The latter requires anesthetics and two weeks in bed; the injec- 
tion method requires neither, and does not interfere with the 
occupation whatever it may be. The injections are made by the 
use of a hypodermic needle, and the treatment would, therefore, 
almost necessarily belong to a physician to perform. 

PROLAPSUS ANL— A falling of the lower intestine, 
which is sometimes protruded from the body at great length. 

Cause. — This trouble occurs in weak and delicate children 
and is the result of general debility. The whole system is 
relaxed, and the sphincter muscle, which in health guards the 
external opening to the bowel, loses its sensitiveness and power 
to control. The connective tissue support is relaxed and weak- 
ened along the digestive tract, and the prolapse is simply the 
result of gravitation. 

Treatment. — 

The bowels should be kept regular, and a small quantity of cold 
water should be injected into the rectum each time before the 
bowels move. This contracts the tissues, is stimulating in its 
effects, and tends to prevent the trouble. When prolapse occurs, 
the part should be carefully replaced; usually this may be done 
without much trouble. The child should lie down with the hips 
elevated, and Sweet Oil or Vaseline be applied, as it will facilitate 
movement. Now carry the part inward carefully, by the finger. 
If this does not succeed, wrap a thin, soft cloth about the finger. 
The surface of the bowel adheres to the cloth, hence is more 
rapidly replaced. If the bowel is exposed for any great length, 
the part should first be bathed with cold water. This contracts 
the tissues. Now apply the Sweet Oil, elevate the hips, and stand 
the child on its head, if necessary; but usually there is no trouble. 



2 



28 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

APHASIA. — Aphasia means partial or complete loss of the 
power of expression. The patient may not be able to recall words, 
or may not be able to comprehend words, either written or spoken. 
In that variety of Aphasia known as ataxic, the patient is unable 
to control the muscles of the face and mouth. This disease, or 
these difficulties result from some lesion or imperfection in the 
brain. There is no danger to life, and they are not amenable to 
treatment other than good hygienic surroundings and the usual 
attention to proper habits and principles. 

APHONIA. — Aphonia means the loss of voice, partial or 
complete. Partial loss of voice may be caused by any interference 
with the nerves that supply the larynx, or organ of voice. This 
is a branch .of a nerve that rises in the back part of the brain, 
passes down the neck into the chest and supplies the lungs, heart 
and stomach. Interference with this nerve, or with the branch 
that supplies the organ of voice, may be caused by tumors, by an 
aneurism, by tuberculosis of the vocal chords, or by cancer of the 
throat. A temporary cause may be, and usually is, the paralysis 
that follows diphtheria. In the absence of some local cause, the 
lesion or difficulty must be in the brain. 
Treatment. — 

Tuberculosis of the vocal chords may be benefited by treatment, 
but this treatment would have to be applied by a physician. 
There might be a temporary relief aiforded in cancer of the throat 
by spraying with antiseptic solutions. The aneurism (for treat- 
ment, see under Aneurism) or the tumor would be found in close 
relation to the jugular vein, either in the neck or high up in the 
chest cavity. 

For a tumor, the probable treatment is removal, or tying of 
the arteries that supply it. This would necessitate an operation. 
Before resorting to surgical means, however, the following treat- 
ment may be given a trial: 

Ivocal applications of Iodine should be made and the patient 
should take large doses of Iodine internally, as 2 teaspoonfuls of 
Syrup of Hydriodic Acid between meals and at bed time; or, 12 
to 15 drops of Tincture of Iodine in % glass of milk taken instead. 
The dose of Acid or Iodine should be increased until the eyes 
present a catarrhal condition. This is an indication that the patient 
is taking all the system will bear. He should then go back to half 
the dose and gradually increase as before. If there is no improve- 
ment at the end of four weeks, an operation is justifiable. 

APOPLEXY. — A disease characterized by the sudden loss 
of the power of sense and motion. The name is derived from 
certain Greek words which mean a striking or knocking down, 
inasmuch as the subject of it falls to the ground unconscious as if 
he had received a violent blow. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 19 

Cause. — It is caused by pressure on the brain substance, 
resulting from the rupture of an artery. Men are more subject 
to it than women, and those attacked usually have short necks 
and corpulent figures. Excesses in diet and alcoholic drinks are 
predisposing causes, also Bright' s disease and syphilis. 

Symptoms. — There are three forms of attack. A person seized 
with the first form falls suddenly in a state of insensibility, 
breathes heavily with a snoring sound, pulse full and strong, face 
generally flushed, body covered with a clammy sweat, veins of the 
head and temples standing out as though overfilled, and the eyes 
fixed and bloodshot. Sometimes convulsions occur, foam issuing 
from the mouth. The face is drawn toward one side. 

In the second form the disease begins with a sudden pain in 
the head; the patient becomes pale, sick and faint, and usually 
vomits ; the skin is cold and the pulse feeble ; occasionally there 
are slight convulsions; the patient may or may not fall, but is 
likely to recover soon from all the symptoms except a headache, 
which will continue until after a time the patient becomes 
oppressed, forgetful, unable to connect ideas, and finally sinks 
into insensibility from which he never rouses. In some cases this 
form is accompanied with palsy of one side; in other Cases no palsy 
occurs. While this form of attack does not appear so frightful as 
the first, it is of more serious import. 

The third form is the sudden loss of power on one side of the 
body, also a loss of speech but not of consciousness; or, if the first 
attack is accompanied with stupor, it soon passes off. The patient 
appears rational and endeavors to answer questions and indicate 
his desires by signs. This may be called paralytic apoplexy, and 
in some cases it passes into apoplexy proper and the patient dies. 
In other cases, under proper treatment, he may recover rapidly, 
or the recovery may be gradual; or he may live for years with 
imperfect speech and the loss of the use of an arm or a leg. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Send for the doctor, and 
while waiting for him loosen the clothing, especially about the 
neck, raise the windows to give free circulation of air, prevent 
crowding about the patient, put the feet in hot water, as hot as 
ought to be borne, and apply a mustard plaster to the calf of the 
legs and along the spine, and, if the patient can swallow, give a 
large dose of Castor Oil or some active cathartic. 

A. Keep patient in semi-erect resting posture. Apply cold to 
head and heat to extremities. If possible, give something to act 
thoroughly on the bowels. Mustard to back of neck. Send at 
once for doctor. — (14.) 



20 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

B. Apply cold application to the head. Put cord around 
arm, three inches above elbow, and draw it down tightly. When 
the large vein just below the cord is tense and full, cut with a 
sharp pointed knife, and when one pint or a pint and a half of 
blood is taken, remove cord and put a compress on the wound, or 
hold with finger pressed on it. Use a clean knife. — (9.) 

C. Tincture of Aconite, 15 drops in ^ a glass of cold water. 
Give 2 teaspoonfuls every half hour until improvement sets in, 
then every hour or two hours. I have been very successful with 
this for over thirty years. — (18.) 

Persons who have a tendency towards apoplexy, and espe- 
cially those who have had one stroke, should avoid highly 
seasoned food and stimulating drinks. If an immediate attack is 
feared, use frequent cathartics, say twice a week, eat plain food, 
drink no spirits, use cool baths for the head and hot ones for the 
feet, and take plenty of out-of-door exercise, but avoiding fatigue, 
excitement, or over-exertion. 

APPENDICITIS. — The appendix is a narrow tube, usually 
from two to four inches in length, and in diameter about the size 
of a goose quill, or a little larger. It is situated in the abdom- 
inal cavity, rather low down and toward the right side. It is 
attached to the back part of the caecum. The caecum is the 
somewhat dilated commencement of the large bowel. Appendi- 
citis is inflammation of the appendix. The attached end of the 
appendix opens into the caecum and the outer end is closed. 
Sometimes appendicitis occurs more than once in the same person. 
This is called recurrent appendicitis. The appendix consists of a 
mucous lining, an outer and inner muscular coat and a peritoneal 
covering. These are all continuous with the structures of the 
caecum, in fact, the appendix is merely a branch or offshoot of 
the caecum, and its structure is the same. There is localized 
peritonitis in appendicitis, and in severe cases the tendency is 
toward the formation of an abscess. 

An abscess always renders the case more grave, yet an 
abscess is the exception and not the rule, and even when it forms 
it is often, though not always, absorbed, that is, carried away by 
the circulation, and complete recovery follows. There is alto- 
gether too much excitement and fear regarding appendicitis. 
This is the natural result of the extravagance in operative 
procedures. If the price of operation was brought down to a 
reasonable limit, at least seventy-five per cent of the operations 
would cease at once. 

Cause. — Many statements have been made and many theories 
advanced regarding appendicitis, yet the cause is not so myste- 
rious. The first cause of appendicitis is indigestion; following 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 21 

this is unhealthy blood and an unhealthy condition of the digestive 
tract. Constipation results, with the production of many poisons 
and irritating substances. This condition produces a low form of 
inflammation, which extends along the digestive tract and into 
the appendix, and the secretions of this organ become unhealthy. 
The result may be simply a catarrhal condition which is so mild 
as to give no symptoms other than a few colicky pains, or the 
attack may extend all the way from this state to a more severe 
form, and even to death. Injury to the appendix, irritation from 
external causes, or any condition producing congestion and 
lowering the vitality of the organs will aid in producing appen- 
dicitis. It has been stated that the caecum is the somewhat dilated 
commencement of the large bowel, and that the appendix is 
attached to and opens into the caecum. When the food does not 
digest, it ferments, gases are formed, and the caecum becomes 
dilated. When the caecum dilates, the opening into the appen- 
dix is enlarged and the pressure of gases may force many 
substances into the appendix that never would have entered if 
this part of the digestive tract had been healthy. If the surgeon 
operates at this time, he makes the startling discovery that appen- 
dicitis was caused by — well, whatever he happens to find. Some 
irritating substance finding its way into the appendix may act as 
an exciting cause, but the real cause is excessive irritation pro- 
duced by a diseased digestive tract. This results in inflammation, 
and, if the appendix is involved, it is appendicitis. Usually the 
attached end of the appendix remains open and the products of 
inflammation are discharged into the bowels. This is why ninety 
per cent of the cases recover without operation. 

The condition of the mucous membrane of the appendix in 
appendicitis is the same as that of the bowel in diarrhea. The 
only danger is that the membrane may become so swollen that 
the attached end will be closed, in which case there would be no 
opportunity for drainage and the swelling and pressure would 
soon shut off circulation. This is the first step towards the form- 
ation of an abscess. The swelling and pressure may be so rapid 
and the circulation shut off so suddenly that gangrene will result 
in patches. This accounts for those exceptional cases where rup- 
ture occurs during the first 48 hours; the rupture follows the 
gangrene. These cases are fatal. An operation could have been 
performed early enough to save life, but the trouble is that a 
rupture is not expected so soon. These cases seldom occur. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms are: 

First, sudden onset of pain. This may occur in the region of 
the appendix, or anywhere in the abdominal cavity. 
Second, nausea and, usually, vomiting. 
Third, elevation of temperature, or fever. 



22 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Fourth, the localizing of the pain over the seat of the appen- 
dix, though later, in severe and even fatal cases, both pain and 
fever may disappear and the patient feel and appear comfortable. 
Continued pain a?id soreness is not evidence of a severe case ; on the 
contrary, it is evidence that the case is not severe. The pain is 
the result of neuralgic conditions, while the soreness is simply 
evidence of a diseased digestive tract. When the appendix is 
attacked, the abdominal wall or muscles over that region may be 
more or less tense. This is Nature's effort to protect the parts 
beneath, yet these symptoms amount to little because this tension 
or resistance may be entirely wanting within a few days and yet 
the case prove a fatal one. After the first onset the most severe and 
dangerous cases are attended with the fewest symptoms, as will be 
shown. 

When an abscess forms, there is usually thrown out a false 
membrane, forming a sack, which surrounds the appendix and 
encloses the pus. An abscess increases in size by the destruction 
of tissue from within outward, first destroying the walls of the 
appendix. In like manner the inflammation keeps extending 
further back, and always keeps outside the pus. This inflam- 
matory zone constitutes the sack already mentioned which sur- 
rounds the appendix. If there should be an abscess within the 
appendix, and the appendix should rupture, the newly formed 
sack would hold the pus for a few days, when, if absorption 
did not take place, that is, if the pus was not carried away by 
the circulation, the sack too would rupture and allow the con- 
tents to pour into the cavity of the abdomen ; the poison would 
then cause general peritonitis, and death would result. Sometimes 
the sack is wholly impervious, that is, completely retains the 
contents, which renders the disease purely local. In these cases, 
instead of the usual symptoms of abscess, such as chills, fever, 
etc., there are no marked symptoms; the temperature is about 
normal, there is no pain, and the patient may feel able to attend 
to his accustomed duties. These abscesses may escape detection 
from even the most experienced surgeon. Such cases should be 
operated upon, yet in many of these the real condition is not 
understood. The patient may seem to be making rapid progress 
toward recovery, when suddenly there is a change; the abscess 
has ruptured, the patient has collapsed, and in a few hours death 
closes the scene. We are aware that some surgeons may criticise 
our statement that they cannot always detect an abscess in the 
abdominal cavity when it is present, yet the foregoing is the 
result of our experience in the field of operation and we feel it 
our duty to state the facts. 

Some physicians claim to cure all cases by medication; others 
contend that even after the abscess forms it is better to wait for 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 23 

one week, and then, if absorption does not take place, to operate; 
still others can see only one form of treatment for all cases, that 
is, operation. While the first is depending upon his medicine, 
and the second waiting for absorption, rupture may suddenly 
occur, with the results already described. In the case of the man 
who always operates, death may result from the operation itself, 
that is, the removal of the appendix from a healthy man will cause 
death in two or three per cent of cases. 

If an operation reveals an abscess, and the appendix and 
surrounding structures are found firmly bound by inflammatory 
adhesions, it is good practice to wash out the abscess cavity and 
drain, and not persist in the efforts to tear the appendix loose, as 
such efforts might cause rupture into the abdominal cavity and 
this would be liable to result fatally. 
Treatments . — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — As the pain in appendi- 
citis is very severe, it is assumed that a doctor will be sent for 
immediately. In the meantime, however, much may be done to 
relieve the patient. 

If a severe pain is felt in the right side of the abdomen, put 
a mustard plaster over the pain, and give injections of water as 
hot as can be borne, the water to be made slippery with soap — 
soft soap is really better for this purpose than castile. Or, take a 
tablespoonful of Turpentine and the yolk of two eggs, beat thor- 
oughly together, put into a quart of hot water, and use that. The 
latter makes an excellent injection as it serves to draw the gas 
from the bowels. Also give warm drinks — some balm tea. Catnip 
tea, or something of that kind, is soothing and quieting to the 
nerves, and gets the patient to sweating. Of course, he will be 
put to bed. In place of the mustard plaster, cloths may be wrung 
out of a hot decoction of some bitter herb (as Smar tweed, Worm- 
wood, Tansy, etc.), and applied hot. 

A. Perfect quiet and a good physician. — (4.) 

B. Take a tablespoonful of Epsom Salts in a goblet of hot 
water. Apply hot fomentations and send for a doctor. Keep 
constantly in a reclining position. — (14.) 

C. Send for a surgeon. In the meantime Epsom Salts, table- 
spoonful in water every three hours until bowels move freely. Do 
not give an opiate. — (19.) 

APTHiE. — (See under Diseases of Children) . 

ASCITES.— (See under Dropsy). 

ASTHMA. — Asthma is paroxysmal, and is usually a 
chronic disorder or disease of the organs of respiration (breath- 
ing). 



24 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Cause. — The exact cause of this disease has never been 
satisfactorily determined. It is believed by some to be hered- 
itary, but it may start from diseases of the lining membrane of 
the nasal passages. It may be caused by sudden changes from a 
dry to a damp atmosphere. It is seldom entirely cured. 

Symptoms. — It is characterized by extreme difficulty in 
breathing and an oppressive sense of suffocation. There is 
wheezing, and a distressing tightness about the chest. The 
trouble usually comes on quite suddenly, sometimes in a few 
hours. After the first attack the sufferer has warning symptoms 
of its approach. These warnings are the symptoms proper, only 
in a milder form. During the attack the face is usually flushed, 
and spasm of the respiratory muscles may exclude the air from 
the lungs to the extent that cyanosis may result. In cyanosis the 
patient turns blue, the eyeballs become prominent, and the respir- 
atory muscles, especially those of the neck, become distended. 
In some cases respiration becomes a mere gasp as the poor victim 
struggles for breath. The attack may last for a few hours only, 
or for a whole day or night, or both. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Before a Doctor is Called. — If one is subject to 
asthma, he should have on hand, to take when a paroxysm 
occurs, the following: 

Ipecac, powdered (or the crushed 
root) i drachm. 

Bloodroot, powdered (or the 

crushed root) yi " 

Lobelia Seeds, crushed (or the 

leaves) 2 " 

Mix these three ingredients together, then fill a coffee cup 
(about one-half pint) one-third full of white sugar, or say half 
full, drop in the mixture and stir all together thoroughly with a 
spoon. Fill the cup nearly full of boiling water. Pour it out 
of a teakettle that has been boiling, turning it in slowly and 
stirring thoroughly with a spoon at the same time. Continue to 
stir it occasionally as long as the water remains warm, then set it 
to one side and let it settle. When thoroughly settled, strain. 
During a paroxysm, take a teaspoonful of this liquid every fifteen 
or twenty minutes until sick at the stomach. By that time the 
lungs will have relaxed and the person be comfortable. Probably 
the second dose will be sufficient to relieve him. 

Note. — If the above mixture is put into a bottle, corked tight and set 
in a cool place, it will keep four or five weeks. By adding one or two 
ounces of Glycerine to each pint, the mixture, bottled, will keep for months. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 2 $ 

A. The following is a most excellent remedy to take between 
the attacks of asthma: 

Nitrate of Strychnine x /$ grain. 

Sulphate of Atropine 1-20 " 

Glonoin 1-10 " 

Glycerine « 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir 2 " 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful before meals 
and at bedtime. 

In case of threatened attack, take one teaspoonful every 
hour until the throat is dry or the face flushed; then take one 
teaspoonful every two or three hours for a few doses. 

The Strychnine is a systemic or general tonic; the Atropine 
dilates the small vessels, brings the blood to the surface, relieves 
congestion, and is one of the best remedies to relieve muscular 
spasm. Glonoin produces the same effect on the circulation and 
is also a powerful heart stimulant, but has no direct action upon 
the muscles involved. 

This remedy has recently been tried by us in some severe 
cases, and been uniformly successful. It is by reason of this 
success that we feel justified in recommending it to our friends 
across the water. (62.) 

B. Pulverized Lobelia 1 drachm. 

Sulphuric Ether 1 ounce. 

Mix, and let stand two weeks, shaking the 
mixture every day. 

Use. — Pour 15 or 20 drops on a handkerchief and inhale 
through mouth and nose. Should relieve asthma in three 
minutes. If not, repeat the inhaling process. (58.) 

C. Dried Mullein leaves, soaked in a strong solution of Nitre 
(Saltpetre) and again dried. Smoke in a pipe and inhale the 
smoke, or inhale from a saucer. 

To an adult, 25 drops of Laudanum. Inhalation of steam. 
Keep room well ventilated. (14.) 

D. Oil of Lobelia 1 drachm. 

Potass Iodide 3 " 

Water 3 ounces. 

Syrup 3 " 

Mix and dissolve. 

Dose: A teaspoonful three or four times a 
day. (8.) 

E. Inhalation of fumes from Jamestown weed. (60.) 

F. If the spasmodic action is very considerable, and has 
arisen soon after a full meal, let an emetic (see Emetics) be at 
once given. Probably the best emetic in this case would be 



26 FAVORITE, MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Ipecac, the dose of which would be one teaspoonf ul of the powder, 
or a teaspoonf ul of the fluid extract, or from one to three 
teaspoonf uls of the syrup; to be taken every fifteen minutes until 
the spasm is relieved. In the meantime get the feet into hot 
water for fifteen or twenty minutes, followed with Mustard to 
the feet, to divert the blood from the lungs. Warm water, or 
some warm herb tea may be drank with the Ipecac (or other 
emetic that may be used) to assist its action. 

G. No one thing will be found to cure absolutely in all cases, 
because there will be found complications of other diseases, differ- 
ing in different persons, but permanent cures in some cases are 
claimed to have been effected with the following preparation: 

Lobelia Seed l /z ounce. 

High Cranberry Bark... x /z " 

Stramonium Seed % " 

Capsicum % " 

Alcohol i quart. 

Mix, and let stand for two weeks, shaking 
daily. 

Dose: From one-half to one teaspoonful 
three or four times a day as a cure, and every 
thirty minutes for relief. 

Bathing daily is believed by some to be absolutely necessary 
to enable the system to resist the tendency to take cold, which is 
almost certain to bring on an attack of asthma with all who are 
subject to the disease. Begin by using warm water, but gradu- 
ally use cooler water until able to bathe in cold water, keeping 
this up until the little changes in the atmosphere do not have so 
quick an effect on the system. For those for whom a daily cold 
bath would be too severe, the following is recommended: a daily 
sponging with a tincture of Cayenne, % ounce of the Cayenne to 
one quart of whiskey, sponging the whole surface before dressing 
in the morning; and with this sponging, a cold or tepid bath two 
or three times a week. 

In connection with either of these forms of bathing, some 
internal remedy (as recommended above) should be persevered in 
if permanent relief is expected. One difficulty with asthmatic 
patients in not being able to effect a cure, or at least a very consid- 
erable benefit, is that they do not continue the use of a remedy 
sufficiently long to make a lasting impression. To work an alter- 
ative effect, the remedy must be taken three or four times daily 
for a month, or two or three months, as the previously short or 
long establishment of the disease would seem to call for. 

Following are a few cases given by Dr. Ray, who uses Ferro- 
cyanuret of Potash — more commonly called Prussiate of Potash 
■ — in the treatment of asthma. A full history of each case is given: 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 27 

1 . "Mrs. S. , aged 48, has suffered for many years from palpita- 
tion of the heart, with dyspnoea ( difficulty of breathing ) and 
asthma, had often been under treatment by different medical men 
of some notoriety, but without permanent benefit, all of which was 
made known on my first visit. Prescribed as follows: 

Ferrocyanuret (Prussiate) Potassa... 1 ounce. 

Water 2 " 

Simple Syrup 6 " 

Sulphuric Ether 1 drachm. 

Mtx. Dose: — One teaspoonf ul five times a day 
for a period of three or four months, with entire 
relief both of heart symptoms and of the re- 
spiratory organs." 

2. " M. M., aged 60, male, feeble from long indisposition and 
much medication, subject to chronic bronchitis of long standing, 
expectorated freely a tough and glairy mucus, sometimes streaked 
with blood, making constant efforts to clear his throat, trouble- 
some cough at night and much irritability of the throat. Called 
at my office and gave the above history, stating that he had lost all 
hope of relief, having often been treated before. Prescribed as 
follows: 

Ferrocyanuret of Potassa 1 ounce. 

Alcoholic Extract of Hyoscyamus... 1 drachm. 

Water 2 ounces. 

Simple Syrup 3 " 

Mix. Dose: — One teaspoonful 5 times a day, 
which was taken for some months, with gradual 
but permanent relief. ' ' 

3." Mrs. McD., widow, aged 30, seamstress, robust constitu- 
tion, but for many years subject to severe attacks of neuralgia 
upon the slightest change in the atmosphere, even a change in the 
direction of the wind often inducing an attack. She would 
suffer intolerable pains, either in her face, head or limbs, the 
disease not confining itself to any especial organ even in the same 
attack. Called at my office for medical aid, and in addition to 
the above stated that her digestive organs were in good condi- 
tion, bowels regular, catamenia ( turns ) appearing at regular 
intervals, and of natural color and duration. Prescribed as follows: 

Ferrocyanuret of Potash 1 ounce. 

Water 2 

Simple Syrup 6 " 

Sulphuric Ether 40 drops. 

Mix. Dose. — One teaspoonful five times a 
day. 

Improvement constant. No return of symptoms since. Con- 
tinued treatment for two or three months. The case being one of 
nervous irritability, needed no other than a sedative treatment. ' ' 



28 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

ATHEROMA. — Atheroma means a chronic disease of the 
arteries. This frequently occurs in old people as a natural result 
of old age; it also occurs in the young and middle aged as 
the result of syphilis, the prolonged use of alcohol, Bright' s dis- 
ease, chronic indigestion, or some form of excess. In this disease 
the arteries degenerate — lose their elasticity and become soft and 
flabby, and the coats may contain considerable fat, and during this 
change lime salts may also be deposited in the coats of the arte- 
ries. This is the same form of lime salts of which bone is formed. 
These salts are always present in the circulation, but during health 
he various cells of the body, including those of the arteries, select 
rrom the passing blood stream only such elements as are suited to 
their individual use; during the degenerative change going on in 
the arteries by reason of the diseased condition, the cells cannot 
exercise their selective power, and lime salts maybe deposited. 
This may occur in patches, or may include the artery for some 
distance. In this condition and as a result of some sudden strain, 
as heavy lifting or bending forward, an artery may easily be 
ruptured. This frequently occurs in the brain and is the cause of 
apoplexy. Sometimes there is an overgrowth of connective tissue 
in the arteries, and when this contracts it hardens and becomes 
firm and resistant. This is called Artetial Sclerosis. In any of 
these conditions the tissues are poorly nourished. 

Treatment. — 

Give attention to diet, take nourishing food and keep the 
bowels regular. Guard against any symptoms of indigestion, 
avoid excitement, heavy lifting or athletic exercise, and take 
internally one teaspoonf ul of Syrup of Hydriodic Acid four times 
a day — between meals and at bedtime. Occurring in the old, care 
should be taken to guard against injury, as this is the condition 
present when dry gangrene is liable to occur, and the injury, be 
it ever so slight, even as the result of carelessness in the cutting 
of a toe nail, may excite inflammation and cause gangrene. 

If the disease is caused- by syphilis, give anti -syphilitic treat- 
ment; if it is the result of Bright' s disease, see treatment under 
that head. 

ATROPHY. — Atrophy is a wasting of tissues or of an 
organ that was originally well formed. It means a loss of weight, 
size and function, and is dependent upon some disorder of nutri- 
tion. What is called active atrophy is due to the failure of the 
cells or tissues to assimilate the nourishment brought to them; 
passive atrophy is understood to mean a diminished supply of 
nourishment. Adipose or fat tissue is merely connective tissue 
(see chapter on Alcohol for description of connective tissue). 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS, 29 

where many of the cells are distended with fat. In atrophy 
the natural fat is gradually removed and the cells diminished in 
size, although the cells may still contain all the elements essential 
to normal function or activity, the fat not being necessary to the 
well-being of the part. Strictly speaking, however, atrophy 
means a decrease in the ?iormal tissue elements, though as usually 
found it is more or less associated with fatty degeneration, that 
is, aside from the disappearance of the fat originally contained in 
the tissues, the structure proper is more or less degenerated and 
converted into fat. So long as waste and repair are equal and 
the waste is eliminated as fast as produced, health is maintained 
and atrophy does not occur. 

Cause. — Atrophy is a natural result of old age; occurring in 
the young and middle aged, it depends upon diseased conditions. 
It may result from lack of circulation, from pressure, from 
inflammation, from lack of food, from lack of assimilation, from 
lack of exercise, and from bad hygiene. There is a certain 
amount of atrophy in the arteries and tissues following amputa- 
tion; there is atrophy of the optic nerve after removal of the eye; 
atrophy may result from tumor pressure or from aneurism, or 
from connective tissue overgrowth. Examples of the latter are 
found in the kidneys in Bright' s disease and in a sclerosed liver 
following the prolonged use of alcohol. Atrophy occurs in 
tuberculosis and other wasting diseases. It may occur in bone 
as well as soft tissue, and the cause is the same. 

Order of Progression. — The first effects of atrophy are found 
in the disappearance of the normal fat lying just beneath the 
skin; second, that contained in the abdominal cavity; third, a 
shrinking of the muscle fibers; fourth, the same effects are found 
in the arteries and nervous tissue; fifth, and last, destruction of 
the connective tissue. It is the destruction of the nervous tissue 
of the brain that causes insanity during starvation. 

Treatment. — 

Barring the natural decline of old age, atrophy signifies 
disease, either local or general. If in the kidney or liver, see 
treatment under those heads; if the result of tuberculosis or 
other wasting diseases, see treatment as described under those 
heads. In the absence of any known cause, atrophy requires 
general systemic treatment. This includes nourishing food and 
attention to digestion and elimination; it includes bathing and 
well- ventilated sleeping rooms, daily exercise in the open air, 
never carried to the point of fatigue, and attention to hygienic 
surroundings. These cases will be benefited by 1-40 of a grain 
of Strychnine in pill form, taken before meals. Also by 5-drop 



30 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

doses of Fowler's Solution at the same time. If the patient is 
pale and anaemic, give 20-drop doses of Syrup of Iodide of Iron 
between meals and at bedtime. 

BALDNESS. — Baldness may be caused by the infectious 
diseases, such as syphilis, or by a severe case of eruptive fever 
where the disease is protracted. Baldness may also be caused by 
some forms of ringworm (See Ringworm). Perhaps the greatest 
cause of baldness is a lack of circulation in the scalp. The hair 
follicles are little thimble-shaped depressions in the skin, and at 
the bottom of each follicle is a tiny loop of blood vessels which 
supports the growth of the hair and nourishes the connecting 
gland. The gland, in turn, furnishes an oily secretion which keeps 
the hair and skin smooth and soft. When the circulation is inter- 
fered with, nourishment is lacking, and gradually the hair loses 
11 tone" and eventually becomes loosened and falls out. In the 
majority of cases the vitality of the hair follicles is destroyed 
and baldness is permanent. 

Many cases of falling out of the hair may be benefited or 
cured. Baldness resulting from a ' 'run of fever' ' needs no partic- 
ular treatment. Baldness resulting from a lack of circulation 
requires stimulating applications, as any of those following. Mas- 
sage regularly and persistently applied will improve the circulation 
and aid materially in the support of the hair. Pilocarpine is 
credited with the power of producing a new growth of hair where 
the hair follicles are not destroyed. This remedy is very expensive 
and we cannot speak from personal experience. If used, it must 
be taken internally and continued for a long time. The dose must 
be governed by the effect in each individual case. If it causes an 
increase in the flow of saliva, this will indicate that the dose must 
be lessened ; if this symptom is not present, the amount can be 
continued and increased to the point of effect. Perhaps the aver- 
age dose would be 1-10 of a grain four times a day. 

The discovery that Pilocarpine would cure baldness was 
accidental. Patients who had been kept for several months in 
some of our hospitals and given Pilocarpine for other causes, had, 
in case of baldness, noticed the hair began to grow. This surprised 
both patients and physicians. The latter became interested, and 
by comparing notes it was discovered that very many cases of 
baldness had been cured by the prolonged use of Pilocarpine; at 
least, there was no other known cause. 

Pilocarpine increases the secretions of the whole body, 
including those of the scalp. During the course of treatment, 
where the Pilocarpine is given, the hair follicles and their con- 
necting glands always contain an increased amount of secretions. 
Putting the two facts together, that is, the increase in the secre- 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 3 1 

tions and the growth of hair in those cases that had been bald 
for years, the only intelligent solution that could be arrived at 
was that the new growth of hair was due solely to the Pilocarpine. 

Treatments. — 

A. Take a small handful each of the bark of Witch Hazel 
and Bittersweet. Put this into an iron dish and pour on to it one 
quart of boiling water. I^et it simmer (not boil) down to one 
pint. Strain and add four ounces of Bay Rum and }4, ounce of 
Glycerine. Rub thoroughly into the scalp once a day, shaking 
the bottle well each time before using. If the hair follicles are not 
destroyed, this will promote a growth of hair. 

Of course, the scalp must be kept clean. Wash occasionally 
with soap — about one ounce of the tincture of Green soap added 
clear, a little at a time — rub the scalp gently, rinse thoroughly 
with clear water, and then apply the above wash. 

B. Alcohol 2 ounces. 

Water of Ammonia \]/ 2 drachms. 

Glycerine 1 " 

SaltsofTartar 1 

Castile Soap, powdered 8 grains. 

Water, enough to make 5 ounces. 

Mix, and rub well into the scalp two or three 
times a week. 

C. A most excellent application is the following: 

Resorsin 4 drachms 

Listerine 2 ounces. 

Glycerine 20 drops. 

Rosewater enough to make 8 ounces. 

Apply to the scalp twice a week. 

D. Friction of the scalp with a moderately stiff hair brush, 
and application of an ointment made of Carbolic Acid and Vase- 
line in the proportion of 1 part Carbolic Acid to 48 parts of 
Vaseline; or Oil of Tar 1 part to 24 parts of liquid Cosmoline. 

I7-) 

E. Frequent shampoo and massage with Tar soap. (5.) 

F. Tincture Spanish Fly 1 drachm. 

Castor Oil l / 2 ounce. 

Purified Beef Marrow 1 " 

Lemon Juice y z " 

To be rubbed into the scalp morning and evening. (27.) 

G* Tincture Cantharides 2 drachms . 

Quinine Sulphate 1 " 

Rum 8 ounces. 

Rosewater sufficient quantity to 

perfume 

Rub a small quantity well into the scalp once a day — (21.) 



32 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

H Sulphate of Quinine i drachm. 

Tincture of Spanish Fly i " 

Liquid Vaseline I ounce, 

Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia l / 2 " 

Bay Rum, enough to make 8 " 

Mix together and use with a wet brush twice 
a day, rubbing in well, — (53,) 

BARBER'S ITCH.— (See Ringworm of the Beard). 

BED SORES. — Bed Sores mean sores that are occasioned 
by lying too long in one position. Sometimes only the skin is 
destroyed, sometimes the deeper structures. Lesions of this kind 
are most apt to occur in old people, and are very difficult to heal. 
Circulation is poor and nutrition is at a low ebb, and there is but 
little to stimulate the healing. 

Cause. — Failure of nutrition due to low vitality and pressure. 
These sores occur at points sustaining the greatest weight. The 
pressure shuts off the blood supply, partially or completely, the 
tissues die and, in severe cases, slough away. 

Symptoms. — The skin may first assume a brighter red, then 
gradually changes in color and becomes darker. Death may occur 
at one point in the center and spread, or may occur simultan- 
eously at several points and gradually unite. 

Treatments. — 

In case of long illness, especially of old people, bed sores are 
very apt to occur, and those having the care of them should 
employ 

Preventive Treatments. — The position of the patient 
should be frequently changed. Bathing and friction should also 
be used daily, and especially over the surface where the greatest 
pressure occurs. This will improve the circulation and aid largely 
in keeping up a healthy condition. Clean sheets should be kept 
on the bed, and the sheets and mattress upon which the patient 
lies should be kept as smooth and free from wrinkles as possible. 
Great protection may be had by placing under the patient pillows, 
cushions, or soft quilts folded together. Air pillows are used in 
many cases. These are simpfy circular hollow rubber tubes filled 
with air. 

Under Preventive Treatments the following applications are 
recommended for suspected or exposed parts. 

A, Tannic Acid jounce. 

Glycerine 4 " 

Alcohol ... 4 " 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 33 

B. Prevent by keeping patient changing from side to side. 
Do not let him lie in one position too long. Sponge back 
and hips three or four times a day with the following: 

Alum 1 drachm. 

Alcohol *4 ounce. 

Pad back with soft cotton so as to kee£ pressure off tender 
places. — (13.) 

C. To prevent bed sores, bathe exposed parts three or four 
times a day with clear alcohol. — (8.) 

Applications for Sores.— The surface should be thoroughly 
cleansed at least twice a day — morning and evening — with warm 
water and Castile soap, after which any of the following applica- 
tions may be made: 

A. Oxide of Zinc 1 drachm. 

Ichthyol 2 " 

Vaseline, enough to make 1 ounce. 

Mix well, spread on a muslin and place over 
sore. 

B. Two per cent solution of Formaldehyde, which is made 
as follows: 

Formaldehyde 10 drops. 

Water 1 ounce. 

After bathing, as above directed, wet a soft 
cloth in the solution and lay it over the sore, 
covering the cloth with a light bandage. 

BELLYACHE. — This is a term somewhat loosely applied 
to the various pains that may occur either in the stomach or 
bowels. These pains are the result of indigestion, constipation, 
or pressure from the formation of gases, either in the stomach or 
digestive tract. They are sometimes " colicky" in nature. 
They all indicate practically the same condition, indigestion, 
either from overeating or eating too fast, and may also be influ- 
enced by sedentary habits as these tend to a sluggish condition 
of the digestive organs. It is a form of neuralgia, the same as 
rheumatism, lumbago, etc. Neuralgia is not a separate disease, 
but a painful reminder of our errors. 

Treatments. — 

A. A cathartic should be given, and the individual should 
be more careful regarding his diet. He should eat less for a few 
days and drink more water between meals. This will render 
the digestive tract more active and digestion will be improved, 
also elimination. Many of these cases call for better ventilation. 

B. Give some warm tea freely, as Peppermint, Spear- 
mint, etc. 

3 



34 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

C. For babies, Catnip tea with a little Anise seed added. 
If bowels are too close, use Elder blows (Sweet Elder flowers), in 
place of Catnip. 

Adults : Ten drops Essence Peppermint and 4 or 5 drops 
Spirits Camphor in form of hot sling. (14.) 

D. A teaspoonful of Paregoric for adult, followed by oil or 
salts. In children the dose of Paregoric should be gauged to suit 
the age of patient: a child one year old should have 10 drops; 
a child ten years old, j4 teaspoonful. Never awaken anyone 
to give him Paregoric, or Opium in any form, such as Morphine 
or Laudanum. (9.) 

E. For baby, strong Peppermint water without sugar, or 
Catnip tea. If hands and feet are cold, wrap up. Warm flannel 
over stomach. 

Older children same, with suitable doses of Paregoric, 
according to age. Give careful diet. Watch out for tender 
point over the appendix on right flank. (13.) 

F. Paregoric 1 ounce. 

Tincture of Capsicum 1 " 

Spirits of Camphor 1 " 

Syrup of Rhubarb 2 " 

Spirits of Chloroform *4 drachm. 

Simple Syrup 4 ounces. 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful in warm 
water every hour until relieved. 

Note. — While Paregoric has been and is a very common remedy for 
children, we wish to remind the reader of two things: First, Paregoric 
contains Opium, and its effect is the same as to give Laudanum diluted; 
second, small children and babies do not bear Opium well. Codeine will 
quiet nervousness or irritability and is perfectly safe. 1-60 to 1-40 of a grain 
would be a suitable dose for a child one year old. 

BILIARY STONE.— (See Gai^-Stones). 
BILIOUSNESS. — See Liver, Congestion of). 
BLACK-HEADS.— (See under Skin Diseases). 








~^WM 



3m- *£ 




4T«S. 



\ 



\ 



No. \\. 

I, Large Arteries. 2, Large Vein. 3, Ureter. 4, Bladder. 

5, Nerves. 



THE BLADDER AND ITS DISEASES. 



The bladder is a membranous sac designed as a receptacle for 
the urine. It is situated in the pelvic cavity. Its position is sub- 
ject to great change, according to the amount of its distention, 
also according to the condition of the surrounding structures. 
The bladder has four coats. The lining mucous membrane forms 
the inner coat, next is connective tissue, then the muscular coat, 
and last the serous coat. The connective tissue unites the 
mucous membrane to the muscular coat. The serous or outer 
coat is formed of the peritoneum (the lining membrane of the 
abdomen) and does not entirely cover the bladder. The ureters 
lead from the kidneys into the back wall of the bladder near the 
bottom. The bladder may be considered simply as a dilatation 
of the ureters. What is called the neck of the bladder, the point 
of outlet, is surrounded by the prostate gland, and it is at this 
point that the urethra begins. 

DYSURIA. — The meaning of this term is painful urination. 
It is not a disease of itself, but there are three conditions 
especially that are liable to produce it: the first is inflammation 
of the bladder, the second is stricture, and the third, which is 
less severe, arises from an enlarged prostate gland. Any of these 
conditions may result in complete retention of urine, in which 
case distention of the bladder soon follows and the pain is 
agonizing. 

Treatment. — 

Depending upon inflammation, it is amenable to early treat- 
ment (see Bladder, Inflammation of). Incase of stricture 
or an enlarged prostate gland (see under those diseases), the 
conditions are overcome with difficulty and require prolonged 
treatment. In case of complete retention relief can only be had 
by use of the catheter, an instrument designed to be introduced 
into the bladder to draw off the urine. After one application by 
the doctor a soft catheter can be applied by any one. 

Retention of Urine. — Take corn silks and pumpkin seeds, 
make a tea and drink freely of it, and place wheat bran poultices 
as hot as can be borne over the bladder. If these fail, use 
catherer. 

35 



36 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

BLADDER, INFLAMMATION OF. -The bladder is 
subject to inflammation from the following causes: 

The injudicious use of irritating drugs, especially Cantharides 
and Copaiba. 

External injury. 

Extension of inflammation from surrounding structures. 

From local irritation, as in the formation of stone. 

It may result from taking cold. 

It may be caused by the urine when it contains too much 
acid. This acid is the result of indigestion. 

It may be caused by tumors or cancer. 

It may be either acute or chronic. 

Acute Form. — 

Symptoms. — The onset is sudden. There is moderate fever 
and burning pain in the region of the bladder, and especially 
along the urethra following urination. The pain is increased by 
pressure. The mucous membrane is red and swollen and there 
is an almost incessant desire to urinate. This is not done freely 
and is accompanied with great distress. The increased blood 
supply results in an overproduction of new cells on the surface of 
the mucous membrane, and these drop away into the urine and 
are eliminated. The natural secretions of the mucous membrane 
are changed to a thick, tenacious form, and if the inflammation 
is severe enough small vessels will rupture and blood will also 
appear in the urine. At first the urine may be clear, but as the 
result of new cell formation and the thick, ropy mucus, it soon 
becomes cloudy and undergoes decomposition. If the inflamma- 
tion is in the neck of the bladder there may be complete retention 
of urine (see Dysuria) , and great pain in the perineum as well as 
great distress in the bladder. If continued, this would result in 
distention of the kidney and blood poison. The bladder lies in 
close relation with the rectum, and sometimes the irritation 
causes a frequent desire to evacuate the bowels. This is called 
tenesmus. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Put the patient to bed 
and use hot applications to ease the pain until the doctor can 
arrive. Cloths may be wrung out of hot water, but are more 
effective wrung out of a decoction of Smartweed. They should be 
put across the abdomen as hot as the patient can bear them and 
changed often enough to keep the surface hot. Or an excellent 
way is to put the Smartweed into two sacks, steep them up, wring 
one out at a time and lay across the patient, changing as often as 
necessary. 



DISBASBS AND TRBATMBNTS. 37 

The hot applications tend to evacuate the bladder, but if the 
case is too obstinate for relief to be afforded by such means, it will 
be necessary for the doctor to attend to this on his arrival. 
In calling the doctor he should be informed of the nature of the 
difficulty in order that he may bring the necessary instruments 
with him. 

A. Give a large dose of Castor Oil or other active cathartic, 
and put the patient to bed. Absolute quiet is necessary. If the 
urine is highly acid, which is indicated by a high color, give a 
teaspoonful of the following every two hours: 

Acetate of Potash )4 ounce. 

Tritica 4 " 

If the urine is alkaline and contains thick ropy mucus, give 
one teaspoonful of the following mixture every two hours: 

Benzoate of Soda }4 ounce. 

Glycerine 1 " 

Water 3 " 

Mix together, 

or, 

Salicylate of Soda y. ounce. 

Glycerine 1 " 

Water 3 " 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful every three 
hours. 

or, 

Salol 10 grains every three hours. 

B. Tea made of corn silks — green silks if in season. May be 
drank freely. 

Quinine in 3-grain doses four times a day in connection with 
the remedy mentioned above. Avoid eating acids or anything 
sour. Drink alkaline waters after meals. — (9.) 

C. Benzoic Acid 1 drachm. 

Borax 1% " 

Water 8 ounces. 

Mix, and take tablespoonful every two hours 
until relieved. 

D. Tartar Emetic 2 % grains. 

Epsom Salts * 2 ounces. 

Sulphate of Morphine 2 grains. 

Tincture of American Hellebore ... iy 2 ounces. 

Aromatic Sulphuric Acid y 2 drachm. 

Syrup Ginger 2 ounces. 

Water 10 " 

Mix. Dose: — A tablespoonful every two, 
three or four hours. — (20.) 

E. Treatment depends upon conditions and causes, and 
requires investigation by a medical man to be intelligently treated. 

-(I4-) 



38 FA V0R1TB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

F. Give watermelon or flaxseed tea, and inject laudanum 
and warm water into the bowel. — (6.) 

Chronic Form. — Inflammation of the bladder may become 
chronic. This is more liable to occur in old people, and may be 
caused by stricture or by stone, but is more often due to an 
enlargement of the prostate gland, which surrounds the neck of 
the bladder and in an enlarged state keeps up a constant irrita- 
tion. This is followed by congestion, a low form of inflammation 
and an overgrowth of tissue. The walls of the bladder may 
become one-half inch thick. The desire to pass water is unduly 
frequent, and the bladder never entirely empties itself. (See 
Prostate Gland Enlarged.) The urine presents a cloudy 
appearance, is alkaline and contains a large amount of mucus and 
pus. On standing, it deposits a thick, ropy sediment, and often 
gives offensive odor because the retained urine undergoes decom- 
position. Chronic inflammation of the bladder is also accompanied 
with a dull pain and more or less emaciation and weakness. 

Treatments. — 

A. Give 10 grains of Salol four times a day, or 10 grains of 
Benzoate of Soda four times a day. The bladder should be com 
pletely emptied several times a day. Eat plain food and drink 
large quantities of pure water. If chronic inflammation continues 
until the walls of the bladder become thickened, there is no cure. 
Avoid active exercise, walking or riding, as these tend to aggra- 
vate the case and increase the inflammation. 

B. One ounce best Gum Arabic dissolved in a glassful of 
water. 

Dose. — A teaspoonful every two or three hours. 
Especially useful in chronic and sub-acute cases. — (8.) 

What is called ammoniacal decomposition of urine may 
present a cloudy appearance. This may occur without inflam- 
mation of the bladder. Normal urine has what is called an acid 
reaction. If a piece of blue litmus paper is thrust into it, it will 
change to red. After the decomposition mentioned this change will 
not occur, but the urine will now change red litmus to blue. This 
form of fermentation is caused by the small trace of mucus that 
is always present, and other organic matter in the urine acting as 
a ferment converts the urea, which is normally present, into Car- 
bonate of Ammonia. This form of decomposition can be detected 
by the odor. If the litmus paper which has been changed to red 
is allowed to dry, the original blue color will return as soon as the 
Ammonia has evaporated. 

BLADDER, GRAVEL or STONE IN. — Gravel may be 
present in the bladder, having been carried through the ureters 
from the kidneys. As stated under Diseases of the Kidneys, 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 39 

this gravel is clusters of uric acid crystals. Gravel may be more 
abundant in the bladder because there is more room for it. It 
may collect in such quantities as to cause irritation. In the case 
of an enlarged prostate gland where the bladder is not entirely 
emptied, the accumulations may continue to the formation of one 
or more stones of large size. 

Cause. — The cause of gravel is fully stated under Diseases of 
the Kidneys. Stones may originate in the bladder, but are 
usually discharged from the kidney into the bladder where 
they continue to grow in size. Stone may result from alkaline 
urine following inflammation of the bladder. In this case, as 
in the kidney, the stone would be formed of phosphates. 

Symptoms. — Stone in the bladder first produces uneasiness, 
followed by a dull pain in the region of the organ. The desire to 
urinate is more frequent, especially during the day, or when the 
patient is exercising. Walking and riding increase the irritation 
and pain. Urination may increase the pain, because it is apt to 
disturb the stone, which is sometimes drawn over the entrance to 
the urethra and effectually stops the flow. By changing posi- 
tion, the stone may be removed and the bladder empty itself. If 
the stone is rough, with sharp edges, it produces severe pain 
when brought in direct contact with the sides of the bladder as it 
is being emptied. There is usually more or less mucus present in 
the urine, and blood may also be present at times. A stone that 
is perfectly smooth may reach large proportions and produce no 
symptoms at all. 

Treatments.— 

A. For medical and general systemic treatment, see Stone in 
the Kidney. If medical treatment fails, an operation will be called 
for. It should be remembered, however, that the symptoms of 
stone in the bladder may be caused by other conditions, and 
an operation should never be made until an examination has 
demonstrated the presence of stone. This examination is made 
by passing a sound into the bladder, and by careful manipulation 
bringing it in contact with the stone. The contact must be both 
heard and felt. This leaves no room for doubt and is the only 
sure method of diagnosis. 

B. Drink freely of Gravel Weed tea {see chapter on herbs'). 
If this does not dissolve the stone, and the trouble continues, 
consult medical aid. The stone may have to be crushed with 
instruments. 



4 o FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

BLEBS. — Blebs are water blisters, varying in size from a 
bean to an egg, which form on the skin. They are characteristic 
of a skin disease known as pemphigus. (See Pemphigus) , 

Treatment. — 

A. Open them and apply an ointment made as follows: 

Carbolic Acid I part. 

Lard, or Cosmoline 20 " 

(70 
BLISTER. — A thin bladder raised on the skin, containing 
a watery fluid. It may be caused by some injury, as burns, 
unaccustomed friction, etc. Blisters are sometimes raised with 
plasters over the seat of a severe pain as a means of relieving the 
pain. The vesicles that form in small-pox are small water blisters. 
If the fluid in a water blister, or vesicle, becomes purulent, that 
is, changes to pus, it is then called a pustule. 

Treatments. — 

A. For a severe blister take cabbage leaves, soften them by 
putting in warm water, take out stems, and apply warm over the 
blister. If the cabbage leaves are not at hand, dress the blister 
with bread and milk poultice. 

B. Draw a coarse thread in blister with a needle, cut thread 
and leave ends protrude at least half an inch from blister. (4.) 

C. The blister should not be molested so long as there is 
any sensation of the burn, but when the pain has subsided, 
puncture near the base, but be careful not to rupture the skin of 
the blister as it acts better as a covering for the raw surface than 
any artificial dressing that can be substituted. (9.) 

BLOOD BLISTER.— Blood blisters are caused by a slight 
injury, as a light blow, or pinching the skin. When these 
effects are severe enough, some of the little vessels that are just 
beneath the skin are ruptured, blood escapes, the outer layer of 
the skin is raised, and this constitutes a blood blister. If these 
are opened they should be opened with a sharp needle, which 
should enter the skin a short distance from the base of the blister 
and be pushed through to where blood is contained. This allows 
free drainage and does not disturb the outer layer of the skin. 

BLOOD POISONING.— This means poison in the circula- 
tion. It is not understood to mean blood poisoning resulting 
from contagious diseases, such as scarlet fever, diphtheria, small- 
pox, etc., but includes only those cases of blood poisoning 
resulting from an unhealthy or infected wound, where poison is 
being absorbed into the circulation. Medical writers divide blood 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 4 1 

poisoning into several separate forms, as follows: Septicemia, 
Saprcsmia and Pycemia. Septicemia is frequently spoken of as 
Septic Infection, and Saprsemia as Septic Intoxicatioji. 

These divisions are largely theoretical. The cause, symp- 
toms and treatment are practically the same in all. In treating 
a case of blood poisoning, neither the doctor nor the public 
consider the conditions indicated by the foregoing terms. It is 
treated simply as a case of blood poisoning. 

Cause. — The cause of blood poisoning is the absorption into 
the system of a specific virus or poison, usually from a poisoned 
wound. It may follow a case of confinement where the after-birth 
or some part of it is allowed to remain in the uterus, or it may 
result from abscess formation in the body — bone abscess, abscess 
of the kidney, of the liver, ulcers formed in the digestive tract 
during t3^phoid fever, abscess of the lung or abscess of the middle 
ear. Any of these conditions may produce blood poisoning, and 
the cause is the same — the absorption into the circulation of a 
specific poison or virus. In some cases there is also absorption 
of pus or other putrid matter. The absorption of both the 
specific poison and the putrid matter is called Pycemia, meaning 
pus in the blood. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms of blood poisoning commence 
soon after the introduction of the diseased matter. When fol- 
lowing confinement it usually makes its appearance four or 
five days after labor. In many cases there is a chill or sense 
of chilliness, restlessness, high temperature, nausea, vomiting 
and, later, diarrhea. The eliminations may contain blood, and 
hemorrhage may occur in spots beneath the skin. There is a 
dry, coated tongue, headache, weak, rapid pulse, scanty, high- 
colored urine, loss of strength and emaciation. If the disease 
continues, the temperature falls below normal, there is a gradual 
failing of respiration, increasing heart failure, unconsciousness 
and death. Delirium may occur during the progress of the 
disease. In what is called Pyaemia, small abscesses may form in 
different parts of the body, hence in these cases the symptoms 
may vary slightly, as, a chill may follow the formation of each 
new abscess, and following the chill a few hours later there may 
be profuse sweating, the result of weakness. 

Treatments. — 

The treatment is the same in all cases. If the poison has 
been absorbed from a wound, first thoroughly cleanse the part. 
If on the surface, make a large opening and wash out carefully 
with a strong antiseptic solution, and secure thorough drainage. 
Dress the wound with antiseptic cloths and bandages. This will 
cut off the supply, and the patient has now only to get rid of the 



42 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

poison in the system. If the wound is on the hand or foot, and 
red lines extend towards the body, it is evidence that resistance 
is being overcome and that the poison and inflammation are 
extending. These lines, which are the veins, gradually assume a 
darker hue. They should be cut open at frequent intervals and 
the poisoned blood be allowed to escape. Wash thoroughly with 
antiseptics and use antiseptic dressings. The wound should be 
dressed once or twice a day, as the case demands. Thorough 
cleanliness must be maintained or success will not follow the 
treatment. If the foot, hand or arm is badly swollen and the 
inflammation is extending toward the body, the limb may be 
wrapped with a loose bandage and kept wet with a solution of 
Corrosive Sublimate, 15 grains to one quart of water. If the 
disease is the result of a poisoned uterus, the uterus should be 
thoroughly washed out with warm water containing 20 grains of 
Carbolic Acid to the pint. If any portion of the after-birth is 
present, it must be removed by mechanical means. Like the 
wound, the uterus may need washing out once or twice a day for 
a few days. 

These cases need stimulants. Some use large quantities of 
Whiskey and Quinine; others depend upon 1-30 of a grain of 
Strychnine or 2 drops of Fluid Extract of Digitalis about once 
in three hours. These remedies are especially strengthening to 
the heart. Give an active cathartic, secure thorough movement 
of the bowels once or twice a day, keep the skin active by means 
of baths and brisk rubbing, feed the patient at frequent intervals 
with the most nourishing foods, secure good ventilation and give 
abundance of pure water. If this general treatment is well 
observed, there will be less danger of heart failure. If there is 
much vomiting, put a large mustard plaster over the stomach or 
give small quantities of milk and lime water, equal parts. The 
lime water must be fresh. The following is also good: 

Carbolic Acid 1 drop. 

Subnitrate of Bismuth 2 drachms. 

Iyime Water 2 ounces. 

Mix, and take % a teaspoonful every twent}^ 
or thirty minutes more or less often as needed, 
or give, as one dose, 

Lactopeptine 10 grains. 

Bismuth 10 " 

every thirty minutes or every hour. In many 
cases crust coffee is more effectual in checking 
vomiting than any other treatment. It should 
be given without sugar or milk. 

The points to be remembered in treati?ig blood poisoyiing are: 

First, thorough cleanliness. 

Second, free elimination and nourishing food. 

Third, give stimulants as the case requires. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 43 

BLOODY FLUX.— (See Dysentery under Diarrhea). 

BLOODY URINE. — This is not a disease, but is a condi- 
tion that may be present in inflammation either of the bladder or 
kidneys. Its presence would indicate some trouble of this kind, 
and an investigation into the cause of it should be made. It may 
also be due to injury. 

BOIL. — A boil is an acute affection of the skin in the form 
of a circumscribed inflammation. It starts as a small pimple and 
gradually increases in size until it attains certain dimensions, 
when it suppurates and casts out pus, and a tough, whitish mass 
of dead matter called a " core." A boil is about a week in devel- 
oping sufficiently to discharge its contents, after which the part 
heals. 

Cause. — A vitiated condition of the blood. 

A. Keep constantly covered with Carbolized Vaseline. Go 
to your doctor for internal medicine. — (14.) 

B. Boils are local troubles and do not come from bad blood, 
as supposed by many. Some foreign matter finding its way into 
the skin alongside of a hair is the origin of a boil. Boils need 
poulticing until they contain pus, and should then be opened 
with a clean knife. Do not bruise the flesh by pressing after 
opening. Apply soft oiled cloth after the boil is open. — (9.) 

Note. — The above statement as to the cause of boils is somewhat con- 
trary to the opinion popularly held, but it is the opinion held by one of the 
physicians represented in this book, and we desire to give all sides of a 
question so far as the scope of the present volume will admit. 

C. Carbolic Acid 10 drops. 

Cocaine, 10 per cent solution 5 " 

Fluid Extract of Ergot 1 drachm. 

Mix. Put 5 drops on a plaster made of the 
yolk of one egg and one teaspoonful of salt. 
Apply twice daily. — (22.) 



BONE DISEASES. 



Bones are two-thirds lime salts and one-third soft tissue. 
There are 200 separate bones in the human body not counting 
the teeth. They act as a framework and support other struc- 
tures. The surface of bones is firm and compact; the inner 
portion is somewhat porous, that is, contains many openings, 
which extend in various directions. These accommodate the pas- 
sage of blood vessels and nerves for the purpose of nutrition. All 
bone is surrounded by a thin firm membrane called periosteum. 
It is through the periosteum that the blood vessels are distrib- 
uted, and from there they enter the various channels and divide 



44 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

throughout the bone substance ; hence, whenever the periosteum 
is destroyed, or torn loose by accident, that portion of bone which 
it covered may die from lack of nourishment. Bone is subject to 
disease the same as soft tissue. Abscess, caries and ?iecrosis are 
preceded by inflammation. In inflammation of bone the pain is 
intense because the bone is resistant and unyielding, hence the 
pressure is greater. 

INFLAMMATION OF BONE.— When this occurs in the 

center of a long bone, it is called myelitis; when occurring on the 
surface, it is called ostitis ; when it includes the whole bone, it is 
called osteo -myelitis; when occuring in the periosteum, which sur- 
rounds the bone, it is called periostitis. (His means inflammation.) 

Causes. — Injury, syphilis, extension of inflammation from 
other tissues. When digestion is poor, the blood contains many 
irritating substances. Such irritation may, and often does, cause 
inflammation of the kidneys, liver or lung, and may also cause 
inflammation of bone. In the young and healthy, injury is the 
most frequent cause. Inflammation of bone may terminate in 
caries, suppuration or necrosis. 

Symptoms.— In acute inflammation of bone the pain is always 
severe. It is deep," boring," and at times agonizing, because the 
structure is firm and resistant and there is no room for swelling 
as in soft tissue. This is why a bone felon is so painful. The pain 
is usually worse at night, and is also influenced by damp weather. 
If pus forms, there are one or more chills, and later there is 
redness and swelling on the surface, 

Treatment. — 

In acute inflammation of bone put the patient to bed, elevate 
the affected part, put on a bandage as tight as can be borne, and 
wet with the following solution: 

Sugar of Lead 4 drachms. 

Laudanum 2 ounces. 

Water 2 quarts. 

Give an active cathartic. Give Morphine or Opium inter- 
nally, if necessary. If the disease has existed for some time, apply 
heat instead of Lead, water and Laudanum. Also apply counter- 
irritants. A large mustard plaster wrapped around the limb 
would answer for this purpose. If unable to control the case, cut 
the tissues clear to the bone, including the periosteum. This will 
relieve the pressure and also the pain to some extent. If there 
is evidence of pus, continue the opening into the bone, and if 
pus is discovered, give free drainage and dress as directed under 
necrosis. Any surgical measures would require the services of a 
physician. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 45 

BONE ABSCESS. — Abscess of bone is a chronic disease. 
Bone abscess was first described by Sir Benjamin Brodie, hence 
is sometimes called Brodie' s Abscess. It usually occurs near 
the ends of long bones, as those of the leg or arm. These bones 
are larger and contain more blood ; again, they are subject to 
greater strain, hence to greater irritation. 

Cause. — The cause is inflammation resulting from injury. At 
first there is an increase in the blood supply. This is followed by 
an increase in bone tissue. The pressure from the newly formed 
cells and from the congested and inflamed vessels continues 
until circulation and nutrition are shut off and the structure 
dies. The death of the first cells occurs at any point where the 
pressure is greatest. The surrounding bone thickens and hardens 
by reason of the inflammation of the periosteum. Pus usually 
breaks through at the end of the bone because the ends are not 
covered by the periosteum, hence there is less resistance at this 
point. The cause of abscess in bone is the same as in soft tissue 
and the changes are the same. See abscess in Appendicitis. 

Symptoms. — There is pain, which is usually worse at night 
and which is aggravated by dampness. The pain is localized and 
persistent. Later there is discoloration of the skin. Motion or 
dependent position or any slight injury causes violent attacks of 
pain. The nearest joint is especially subject to pain, the cause 
being the sensitiveness of the synovial membrane. This mem- 
brane surrounds the joint and is the part first affected in inflam- 
matory rheumatism. 

Treatment. — 

We have stated before that wherever pus is discovered 
the abscess should be opened at once. There is no exception to 
this rule. In opening bone abscess open at the point of greatest 
tenderness. Give free drainage, scrape away dead bone, and by 
means of a syringe wash out the cavity with any antiseptic solu- 
tion. Maintain absolute cleanliness. Dress the wound every day, 
more or less often as needed. Of course the treatment also 
includes attention to the general system, to food, ventilation, 
elimination, etc. 

ULCERATION OF BONE.— CARIES.— Ulcer in bone is 
the same as ulcer elsewhere. The only difference between ulcer 
and abscess is that an ulcer opens on the surface and an abscess 
does not. Caries is death of bone resulting from ulceration or 
suppuration. This is sometimes called molecular death, meaning 
that only molecules or minute particles of bone are destroyed at a 
time: it is a gradual destruction. Caries of bone excites some 
inflammation around the diseased area, and some new tissue 
forms. This new tissue protects the healthy bone, and at the 



46 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

same time some of the new tissue is destroyed by inflammation 
and pressure and aids in the formation of pus, which is discharged. 

Causes. — It may be caused by syphilis, scrofula, tuberculosis, 
or any condition where there is lowered vitality and a lack of 
nutrition. Caries may also be caused by mercury or phosphorus; 
it may also be caused by freezing or by burns; it may follow 
scarlet fever or typhoid fever where the disease is protracted, as 
in that case the health of the patient becomes very low and the 
system debilitated. It usually occurs in the young. Injury is 
probably the exciting cause, that is, the immediate cause. 

Symptoms. — This form of bone disease commences on the 
surface of the bone, hence the pus can readily escape through the 
skin. In abscess the disease commences below the surface and 
within the substance of the bone. The symptoms are the same 
as those of inflammation of bone, though less severe. There may 
be some soreness, and enlargement or swelling due to the pus 
may be noticed. If not opened, the pus breaks through and 
is discharged. The pus from caries, or slow death of bone, 
contains small particles of bone matter and feels gritty. This is 
positive evidence that the bone is diseased. The odor from this 
kind of abscess is very. foul. A probe inserted through the bone 
and coming in contact with it causes a dull sound. A healthy 
bone would give a clear note. The surrounding bone is softened, 
and oftentimes the probe can be pushed through it. If not treated, 
the opening from caries does not heal and the discharge becomes 
chronic. 

Treatment. — 

If due to syphilis, give anti-syphilitic treatment ; if it is the 
result of scrofula or tuberculosis, give treatment described under 
those diseases ; if it has been caused by the fumes of mercury or 
phosphorus, those employed in factories where these are used 
should change their occupation. The opening through which the 
pus passes out should be enlarged, the dead bone scraped 
away and the cavity swabbed with some strong antiseptic solu- 
tion, even pure Carbolic Acid, and then washed out with pure 
water. The greatest care should be exercised to maintain clean- , 
liness, both in the cavity and out. New dressings are usually 
required once or twice a day for a time, but may be lessened as 
the condition improves. General systemic treatment is required. 

SOFTENING OF BONE. — OSTEO MALATIA.— 
MOLLITES OSSIUM. — In this disease the bones become 
gradually softened, are dissolved, and are carried away by the 
circulation. The urine contains an excessive amount of bone 
salts. This change commences toward the center of the bones 
and extends toward the surface. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



47 



Cause. — The cause is said to be unknown, although some 
believe it is the presence of lactic acid in the blood. Undoubtedly 
the cause of bone softening is a lack of nutrition, which means 
poor food, indigestion, lack of elimination, bad air, etc. 

Symptoms. — There may be light pains, rheumatic in character. 
Fractures occur as the result of very slight cause. L,ater, the 
bones may bend out of shape and various deformities thus result. 

Treatment. — 

Mechanical support in the way of splints. Try to strengthen 
the system by means of nourishing foods and good hygienic 
surroundings. 

DEATH OF BONE. — NECROSIS. — Necrosis means 
death. Gangrene is necrosis. When applied to bone, necrosis 
means death of a portion or portions large enough to be seen. 

Cause — Tearing off or destroying the periosteum may be the 
cause. The vessels which supply the bone are first distributed 
through the periosteum, hence destruction of this membrane cuts 
off nutrition ; inflammation may be the cause, as inflammation 
destroys or shuts off the circulation and the tissues die for want of 
nourishment ; it may be caused by taking Mercury or Phos- 
phorus; it may die from injury or may follow a burn or freezing; 
or it may follow scarlet fever or typhoid fever where the inflam- 
mation is slow and the patien»t becomes greatly emaciated. 

Where a shell of bone dies and becomes separated from the 
surrounding healthy bone, it is called a sequestrum. The dead 
bone is light in color because it contains no blood and because 
bone is naturally white. The dead bone is a foreign body and 
the surrounding healthy bone is greatly inflamed, the same as any 
soft tissue following gangrene, and this line of inflammation 
would correspond to the line of demarkation as described 
under Gangrene; the periosteum surrounding the dead bone is 
also greatly inflamed; there is a production of new tissue, 
the same as that following inflammation elsewhere. This new 
tissue breaks down and causes suppuration, and this leaves a space 
between the dead bone and the living. The dead bone cannot 
escape, and if the pus is not absorbed it breaks externally and the 
dead bone is left in the cavity. The surrounding case of healthy 
bone is called an involucrum, meaning a sheath of bone. The 
opening through which the pus escapes is called a cloaca, meaning 
a canal. 

Symptoms. — The first symptom is that of inflammation of 
bone. The pain stops when the pus escapes because the 
pressure is relieved. A probe inserted through the cavity will 
strike the healthy bone, which will be hard, and which, on tapping 



48 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

lightly, will give a clear note; in caries the sound is dull, because 
in caries the surrounding bone is more or less affected and is soft. 
These openings do not heal. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment consists in making a large opening and giving 
free drainage. Scrape the cavity, if necessary, and swab it out 
with a strong antiseptic solution. Clear Carbolic Acid is recom- 
mended by some. Pack the cavity with Iodoform gauze and 
dress with a bandage. These abscesses require daily dressing — 
the dressings should be frequent enough to maintain thorough 
cleanliness of the surface. Remove the dead bone as soon as it 
becomes loosened. These cases usually require special attention 
to food and careful hygienic surroundings. If the disease is caused 
by syphilis, give anti-syphilitic treatment; if the result of phos- 
phorus, change the occupation. 

HYPERTROPHY OF BONE. — This means an over- 
growth. 

Cause. — Increased blood supply. This may result from a low 
form of inflammation; said to result in some cases from ex- 
cessive use of the part; may also result from injury in the young 
and robust as this might cause chronic inflammation. There is 
slight overgrowth following the healing of bone abscess or the 
repair of fracture. 

Treatment. — 

. Local treatment is not needed for hypertrophy or overgrowth 
of bone. If the cause is removed, that is, if the injury heals or 
the inflammation is checked, the overgrowth will remain a 
permanent addition to the bone. If the overgrowth is the result 
of a low form of inflammation long continued, it will eventually 
end in abscess, ulcer, softening or death of bone. Constitutional 
treatment may do much to prevent this result. Much depends 
upon diet, fresh air and proper exercise. 

ATROPHY OF BONE.— (See Atrophy). 



BOWELS, INFLAMMATION OF.-Inflammation of the 
bowels is confined to the mucous membrane lining the digestive 
tract, and is accompanied with soreness, diarrhea, fever and more 
or less prostration. The conditions in inflammation of the bowels 
are inseparably connected with those resulting from diarrhea and 
dysentery. Diarrhea and dysente^ are different stages of the 
same inflammation, and the treatment for any one of these three 





|L\ 



7 



No. U 

I, Tongue. 2, Muscles of Tongue. 3, Bones of Nose. 4. Soft Palate. 
5, Gullet. 6, Spinal Canal. 7. Vertebrae. 8, Opening to Wind-Pipe. 9, 
Thyroid Cartilage. 10, Wind-Pipe. 11, Upper Brain. H^i Lower Brain. 
12, Eye Cavity. 13, Artery. 14, Vein. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



49 



conditions is only a modification of the treatment for the others. 
The three can be more intelligently treated under one heading, 
and the reader is therefore referred to the subject of Diarrhea. 



DISEASES OF THE BRAIN. 



The brain, which is the acknowledged medium of communi- 
cation between mind and matter, is incased in three distinct 
membranes and inclosed within the skull. Both the brain and 
its membranes are subject to disease. Any disease of the brain 
causes a disturbance of the mental faculties, the acute form being 
characterized by delirium and the chronic form by the loss or 
perversion of some or all of the mental faculties. All diseases of 
the brain have a tendency towards convulsions and paralysis. 
Owing to its inclosed position its diseases can be diagnosed only 
by symptoms, and in cases of abnormal changes in the structure 
of the brain the diagnosis is seldom made during life, although 
improved surgical methods now reach and relieve or cure many 
cases of abscess and other local lesions. 

Diseases Particularly Affecting the Brain. — Alcoholism, 
chronic dyspepsia, Bright' s disease and syphilis bring about 
morbid changes in the structure of the brain which not only 
render it more liable to disease, but to impairment of the mental 
faculties. 

ACUTE MENINGITIS.— The term meningitis refers 
expressly to an inflammation of the membranes covering the 
brain. It runs a rapid course. Death may result in a few days, 
or the fever may continue for two or three weeks. 

Causes. — It may occur during the course of acute infectious 
diseases, i.e., scarlet fever, measles, etc. Continued sleeplessness, 
exposure to the sun, syphilis and delirium tremens are among 
other causes. 

Symptoms. — The earlier symptoms are: intense pain in the 
head ; redness of the face and eyes, the latter being wild and 
brilliant and sensitive to light, and the pupils much contracted ; 
dryness of the skin ; thirst ; lack of sleep; sensitiveness to sound; 
costiveness; vomiting; convulsions; and delirium, which, as the 
fever develops and increases, becomes violent. 

In a few days, or perhaps hours, an entire change of symp- 
toms takes place: light and sound no longer affect the patient, 
his vision and hearing now being dull and perverted; the pupil of 
the eye from being contracted now expands unnaturally ; instead 
of being wildly delirious he is likely to lie in a semi-unconscious 
state, muttering indistinctly; there is a twitching of the muscles, 
and local paralysis may occur in any part of the body. 



50 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

If the patient recovers, these symptoms gradually disappear, 
yet the paralysis may be obstinate or even permanent, or there 
may be a permanent impairment of the vision or hearing. If the 
patient does not recover, he sinks into a state of coma, succeeded 
by death. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Dodoi Comes. — When there is indication 
of serious brain trouble, send immediately for your doctor. In 
the meantime the point is to recall the blood from the upper to 
the lower extremities. For this purpose apply heat to the feet 
and cold to the head. The feet may be put into hot water, or 
cans of hot water laid to the feet and along the limbs. For the 
head, the nicest thing, if there is a butcher's shop anywhere 
around, is to get a beef's bladder, fill it about half full with 
crushed ice, tie it so it cannot drip, and lay the head on that. It 
makes a cool, soft pillow, does not allow dampness to spread to 
the bed or clothing, and will sometimes keep for twenty-four 
hours without melting. If the patient is in a stupor, this is all 
that can be done till the doctor comes; if he is not in a stupor, 
and is wild, a little Laudanum, say from 5 to 10 drops, according 
to age, may be given. For a child, use Paregoric in place of 
Laudanum. 

A. Keep head cool by cold applications. Quiet, darkened 
room, moderate temperature, Mustard to neck. Send for a 
doctor. — (14). 

B. For further treatment, see Cerebro- Spinal Meningitis 
(inflammation of the brain and spinal cord). The same treat- 
ment will be found most satisfactory for Inflammation of the Bi'ain 
alone. 

There is another form of this disease where the inflamma- 
tion attacks the coverings of both the brain and spinal cord. 
This is called 

CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS. 

Symptoms. — A typical case begins without previous symp- 
toms or warning. The attack is sudden and frightful. There is 
vomiting, an agonizing headache, dizziness and an overwhelm- 
ing sense of weakness. The vomiting is peculiar; there is 
a forcible ejection of the contents of the stomach without 
apparent effort, called projectile vomiting. With children there 
may be convulsions, loss of consciousness, and rapidly rising 
temperature — 103 to 105. Within a few hours the muscles of 
the back of the neck and back contract and become rigid. The 
head and shoulders are drawn backward, while the feet and lower 
limbs are drawn in the same direction. Only the heels and back 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 5 1 

of the head touch the bed. There is great pain in the slightest 
effort to move. Sleep is absent, and, if a child, its screams may 
be heard for some distance. The whole body has now become 
extremely sensitive, and the nervous manifestations seem past all 
control. 

Cramps or spasms of individual muscles may occur; this 
trouble usually takes place in the lower limbs. Usually within 
twenty-four hours there is a slight rash of a bluish red color on 
the face and upper eyelids, especially the latter, hence it is some- 
times called Spotted Fever. The head is hot, the feet cold. 
There may be dark spots along the spine, caused by an excess of 
blood and the rupture of some small vessels just beneath or into 
the skin. 

Altogether Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis presents a degree of 
suffering seldom met in any other disease. In some cases there 
is early collapse, that is, great prostration of the vital powers, 
followed by rapid death, which may occur within 48 to 72 hours. 
Where recovery takes place, the disease passes into a convales- 
cent state in from ten days to two weeks. 

The foregoing symptoms are not overdrawn, but are taken 
from actual experience. In like manner the following sugges- 
tions regarding treatment are not only prompted by that same 
experience, but are the most effective in checking the disease. 

Treatment. — 

For a Child. — Place the child in a tub of warm water. If 
he is old enough to sit upright, there should be water enough to 
cover the shoulders; if an infant, he must be supported so that 
his face will be kept above the surface. Pin or hold a quilt 
around the child's neck and allow it to fall over the tub. This 
will retain the heat and aid materially in producing sweating. 
Pour in hot water from time to time — pour it against the side 
of the tub and keep the water within the tub moving so as to 
prevent the hot stream from striking the child. Gradually 
increase the temperature of the water in this way until quite hot. 
Allow the child to remain in the water until profuse sweating 
takes place, say from thirty minutes to one hour — two or three 
hours will do no harm if the child is quiet. The relief is so 
great that the child often falls asleep in the water. 

In a severe case, according to our experience, the hot bath 
is required once in about fifteen hours for two or three days, then 
less often. 

For an Adult. — The same treatment applied to an adult 
will meet with equally satisfactory results, but cannot always be 
accomplished as conveniently. The bath may be substituted by 
artificial heat, as bottles or jugs filled with boiling water placed 



52 PA VORITB MEDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

around the patient. Also hot herb drinks may be given. These 
are not likely to cause nausea, and aid in producing perspiration, 
which is the object of the treatment. The patient should be 
kept well covered. 

How does this benefit the patient? Simply by equalizing the 
circulation. Just beneath the skin is a dense network of blood 
vessels estimated to be capable of holding one half the blood in 
the body. The heat from the warm water dilates these small 
vessels, and they are immediately filled with blood ; this relieves 
the brain and spinal cord. The treatment should be repeated 
often enough to keep the patient quiet. The need of it will be 
indicated by contraction of the muscles and increasing pain. The 
head will be hot and the feet cold. 

All physicians understand that drug medication is of little 
value, and may do actual harm by irritating the stomach, which 
is extremely sensitive, and thus increase the vomiting. 

Absolute quiet must be maintained as far as possible. When 
the appetite returns, the question of feeding is an important one, 
as any interference with digestion may cause alarming symptoms 
and even a relapse. Only the most nourishing and easily digested 
food should be allowed, and this in small quantities at first. 

TUBERCULAR MENINGITIS-This disease is an inflam- 
mation of the membrane covering the brain. During the disease 
the under surface of this membrane is covered more or less with 
small elevations or tubercles about the size of a millet seed, hence 
the name — Tubercular Menhigitis. 

The tubercles are situated mostly on the under side of the 
membrane, that is, next to the brain substance. They follow the 
small arteries, and this obstructs the circulation and causes 
pressure, and there follows an escape of the blood into the brain 
substance. The ventricles or lymph spaces are distended, which 
increases the pressure still more. This pressure accounts for the 
over-sensitiveness and delirium which are often present, also for 
the insensibility, deepening into coma, which precedes death. 

Cause.— This disease is caused by irritants in the blood. These 
may be the result of scarlet fever, measles, typhoid fever, or may 
result from improper food and indigestion. The reason children 
are especially liable to this disease is that the brain is not weti 
developed and lacks the power of resistance. 

Symptoms. — Irritability, poor appetite, child loses flesh, 
abdomen may be enlarged, loss of sleep, sudden screaming of the 
child either day or night. The head is often thrown backwards 
or rolled from side to side, the child may keep its hands more or 
less about the head, and there may be vomiting. All of these 
symptoms gradually grow worse. The child is very sensitive to 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 53 

noise. Later the symptoms subside, the fever disappears, there 
may be delirium or stupor, and the child lies motionless, taking 
no food. The result is always fatal. 

Treatment. — 

There are some remedies recommended for this disease, but 
without much hope of cure. The only treatment seems to be 
symptomatic. Make the child as quiet and comfortable as pos- 
sible, secure good ventilation, give the most nourishing food, etc. 
Syrup of Iodide of Iron is recommended by some, also small doses 
of Quinine, or Cod Liver Oil if the child can take it. Salol is 
also a good remedy. 

Of the Syrup of the Iodide of Iron, the dose for a child one year 
old would be from 3 to 5 drops taken in a little sweetened water 
four or five times a day between feedings; of the Quinine, 1-5 of 
a grain dose four times a day ; of the Cod Liver Oil, a teaspoon - 
ful of the clear oil of good quality may be taken three times a 
day. The Salol is intended for the bowels, the dose for a child 
one year old being from one to two grains four times a day, If 
the bowels are free from offensive odor, give one grain ; if not, 
increase the dose until there is an improvement and then return 
to the original dose. 

For this disease we wish to recommend the treatment under 
Cere bro- Spinal Meni?igitis. We would suggest three baths every 
day, allowing the child to remain in the water at least one hour 
each time. 

SOFTENING OF THE BRAIN.— When softening of 
the brain occurs, it usually follows diseased arteries. It may 
result from a weak heart. Diseased arteries and a weak heart 
are the natural results of old age. Softening of the brain may 
follow Bright' s disease, or accident or injury where from hemor- 
rhage or blood clot the circulation is shut off. It may follow 
mental overwork, aneurism, or inflammation, where swelling and 
pressure interfere with nutrition. When occurring in the young 
or middle aged, it is the result of alcohol or syphilis. These pro- 
duce chronic inflammation of the arteries and the vessels become 
soft and flabby, lose their elasticity, and change more or less to 
fat; this constitutes Atheroma. The arteries are formed of three 
coats or membranes. The inner coat is composed of a single layer 
of flat cells joined together edge to edge, like a tile floor. This 
layer of cells has the power to prevent the coagulation — clot 
formation — of blood. In the inflammation following syphilis or 
the prolonged use of alcohol, the inner coat is sometimes des- 
troyed in places, and wherever this occurs blood clots form. These 
may be broken loose by the circulation and carried to the brain, 



54 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

when, on reaching some artery too small for their passage, they 
completely shut off the circulation, and for want of nutrition 
that part of the brain supplied by such an artery will die and 
degenerate. The diseased artery may occur in the brain and be 
followed by blood clot. In this case the symptoms are of a more 
chronic nature. In the plugging of an artery in other portions 
of the body the congestion and exudate are usually absorbed, 
or may become organized, that is, bands of connective tissue may 
form and later be followed by arteries. In this case the circu- 
lation and nutrition of the part gradually improves, and the 
diseased area returns to its normal state, barring the contraction 
of the new tissue formation, which resembles a scar ; but in the 
brain, softening generally results. The muscles and skin are the 
most resistant to degenerative changes, and the brain and bowels 
the least. When through a lack of circulation the brain is de- 
prived of nourishment, it readily undergoes degenerative changes, 
the tissues softening. Softening of the brain means death of 
the part. The dead area is not circumscribed, but passes insen- 
sibly into the surrounding tissues. The brain is composed of 
nerve cells and their prolongations, the nerve fibres, all held toget- 
her by a form of connective tissue called neuroglia. The cells 
are dark and situated on the surface; the fibres are light in color 
and are situated beneath the surface. The cells are first affected, 
though the fibres first show degenerative changes. I,ater the 
cells degenerate, and finally the connective tissue and the arteries, 
and together these break down in a granular mass containing 
much fat, hence may be called fatty degeneration, though is gene- 
rally called softening. As the tissues soften they change in color 
to red, yellow or white, the color being governed by the amount 
of blood in the vessels and the amount of exudate. Softening 
of the brain is named in accordance with the color of the tissues. 
The so-called yellow softening is simply a later stage of the red 
softening where the color of the blood has gradually faded. 
Where the circulation is shut off suddenly, as by a blood clot, 
the color may remain white, or white softening may become red 
as a result of hemorrhage into the diseased area; hence we see 
that these divisions are of little value. jBrain softening is most 
common in the aged as a result of narrowing of the arteries 
following chronic inflammation and a weak heart. 

The brain is supplied by two sets of arteries. Both arise from 
the same source, yet in their distribution they are entirely sepa- 
rate. One set supplies the surface and outer portion, and the 
other supplies the central portion. There is no communication 
between them, hence there is a borderland of diminished blood 
supply; and this accounts for some cases of softening, especially 
in the aged. 






DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 55 

Symptoms. — Where the circulation is shut off suddenly, as 
the result of a blood clot or hemorrhage, there would be dizziness, 
fainting and unconsciousness. Occurring less suddenly, there 
would be pallor, more or less loss of power, dizziness, headache, 
and occasionally fainting might occur. This condition and these 
symptoms would follow disease of the arteries from old age, 
alcoholism, syphilis, Bright' s disease, or any condition where there 
was general debility. In these cases softening of the brain would 
be secondary and there would be other evidences of disease before 
the degenerative change in the brain had made its appearance. 

Treatment. — 

Since the degenerative changes in the brain are secondary to 
other diseases, the treatment must be directed to the general sys- 
tem. If from syphilis, give anti-syphilitic treatment ; if due to 
alcohol, stop the use of alcoholic drinks; if from Bright' s disease, 
see treatment under that head. Whether from these causes or 
from old age, the treatment consists practically in diet, tonics, 
and the internal administration of some of the Iodides. The 
Iodides in any form are simply a means of administering Iodine, 
which cannot be taken in the pure form (or raw state) because it 
is too irritating. Iodine is valuable following chronic inflamma- 
tion because it is one of the best known remedies to liquefy the 
products of inflammation and render them in a condition to be 
more rapidly taken up and carried away by the circulation. Iodine 
is also a most excellent antiseptic, thus aiding the blood in over- 
coming the morbid influences of disease and putrefactive changes. 
In treating this condition, elimination must receive special atten- 
tion. If there are any evidences of indigestion, artificial digestants 
should be given. If the bowels are inactive, give Podophyllin 
in ^ -grain doses at bedtime. Also give 10-grain doses of Salol 
four times a day. Regarding the choice of Iodine preparations, 
Iodide of Arsenic may be given in doses varying from 1-100 to 
1-50 of a grain four times a day, between meals and at bedtime ; 
or one teaspoonful of the Syrup of Hydriodic Acid four times a 
day may be substituted. Iodide of Potash is equally as valuable 
but its taste is decidedly unpleasant. If the patient is pale and 
anaemic, Iodide of Iron would be the best preparation — 1-50 of a 
grain four times a day, between meals and at bedtime. Only the 
most nourishing and easily digested food should be allowed. The 
amount of exercise will depend upon the condition of the patient. 
If the brain trouble is the result of a blood clot or hemorrhage, if 
the pulse is full and the temperature elevated, an active cathartic 
should be given, followed by small doses of Aconite until the 
condition is changed. The same treatment should follow inflam- 
mation of the brain. Absolute rest and mental quiet would also 
be indicated. 



56 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

BRAIN, HARDENING (Induration) OF.— In cases of 
chronic inflammation, a directly opposite effect may be produced, 
the brain matter hardening instead of softening. Such chronic 
inflammation may follow any of the infectious diseases, or be the 
result of rheumatism, etc. 

Cause. — The hardening process is the direct result of new 
tissue growth. This tissue as naturally supplied acts as a frame- 
work for all the structures of the body, including the brain, but 
when resulting from inflammation it invariably contracts, and the 
natural tissue is either pressed upon or caught in the mesh of the 
contracting fibers and destroyed. 

Symptoms. — In the early stages hardening of the brain matter 
causes convulsions because of the pressure. 

Treatment. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — It is assumed that in case 
of convulsions a doctor will be called. In the meantime put the 
patient in bed, surround by hot packs, cover with quilts, and, if 
able to swallow, give hot drinks — hot teas of herbs that possess 
sweating properties, as Pleurisy Root, Golden Seal, etc, would 
be best. Sweating relaxes the system and, if the disease has not 
progressed too far, relief may be had in a short time. It will 
readily be seen, however, that the conditions are such that only 
temporary relief is likely to be afforded. 

BRAIN, CONCUSSION OF.— Due to a shock or injury 
to the brain, as a fall from a horse, etc. In accidents of this 
kind the brain substance is liable to be ruptured or torn. This 
result may follow when there is no fracture of the skull, or frac- 
ture may occur without serious injury to the brain substance. 
Fracture where there is no displacement of bone may be over- 
looked. 

Symptoms. — The patient usually lies in an unconscious con- 
dition. He may partially recover and indulge in incoherent, 
rambling talk, or may lie and moan; periods of delirium may 
occur. Also vomiting may occur, according to the part of the 
brain affected. Injury to the base of the brain will produce 
vomiting. Any brain injury sufficient to produce unconscious- 
ness should be considered dangerous. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Tih the Doctor Comes. — Get the patient out of an 
exposed condition, either from a hot sun or from cold, as soon as 
possible. It would be a good idea to put the feet into hot Mus- 
tard water and to put a Mustard plaster to the nape of the neck. 
If the surface is cold, apply artificial heat by any means. If he 
is in a stupor, this is all that can be done till the doctor comes; if 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 57 

he has revived and is delirious, a little L,audanum, say from 5 to 
10 drops, according to age, may be given. If a child, give Pare- 
goric in place of Laudanum. 

A. The recumbent posture; ice cap to the head. 2 -drop 
doses of Tincture of Aconite every three hours. Sips of hot water 
to relieve vomiting, if present. (7). 

BRAIN, ABSCESS ON.— (See Abscess). 

BRAIN, TUMORS ON.— Tumors may form on the brain 
which do not suppurate, that is, do not become abscesses. The 
effect produced, however, is very much the same, that is, charac- 
teristic of brain lesions. These lesions (changes brought about 
by disease or injury) of whatever nature, if produced by consti- 
tutional disease, as syphilis, etc., are benefited by constitutional 
treatment. 

BRAIN, WATER ON. —(See Hydrocephalus, under 
Dropsy) . : . 

BREASTS, DISEASES OF.— (See under Diseases of 
Women) . 

BRIGHT'S DISEASE.— (See under Kidney Diseases). 

BRONCHITIS.— (See under Utng Diseases). 

BRONCHOCELE.— (See Goitre.) 

BRONZED SKIN— ADDISON'S DISEASE.— This is 

a constitutional disease, consisting of a peculiar anaemic condition. 
It is characterized by a coloring of the skin that has given rise to 
the term, "bronzed skin disease." It first affects the supra-renal 
capsules— small organs situated at the upper margin of the kid- 
neys. 

Cause. — Diseased conditions of the blood, as from scrofula or 
syphilis. 

Symptoms. — It begins insidiously. There is a gradual lessen- 
ing of vital force, causing a feeling of languor and indisposition. 
The person is easily fatigued, is troubled with shortness of breath 
and some palpitation of heart. There is loss of appetite, indiges- 
tion, depression of spirits and an inclination to sleep a great deal. 
The skin at first presents a pale appearance, the pallor extending 
also to the mucous membrane of the mouth, then gradually turns 
dark, later becomes jaundiced, and finally changes' to a mulatto or 
bronze hue. In persons of fair complexion, probably the first 
noticeable change would be a darkening of the skin. The ten- 
dency of the disease is towards death, which usually occurs within 
a year or two. 



58 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do. — In diseases of this kind that creep on stealthily, 
a doctor is not usually consulted until the disease is too far 
advanced to give him a fair opportunity to do anything for the 
patient. Therefore, if a person is not feeling well, he should try 
to improve his condition by taking care of himself and taking the 
simple home remedies that seem to fit his case; but if after a 
reasonable trial there is no improvement, he should see his doctor 
without further delay. 

A. Compound Syrup of Stillingia 4 ounces. 

Iodide of Potassium 1 drachm. 

Shake, and let dissolve. 

Dose.— 1 teaspoonful three times a day, be- 
tween meals and at bedtime. Take an alkaline 
bath twice a week. 

B. Fresh Sulphurous Acid should be frequently applied. Get 
small vial at a time and keep well corked, as it otherwise absorbs 
Oxygen and becomes Sulphuric Acid, which irritates and exco- 
riates. — (14.) 

C. Perfect rest and freedom from care and mental wprry. 
Good, nutritious diet. Stimulation with coarse towels after a hot 
bath. By using a little Sweet Oil on the surface the rubbing, or 
massage, may be carried on indefinitely without irritation, and 
more than that, it produces a soft, healthy texture. Any portion 
of the Oil that is absorbed goes to nourish the system. Also give 
1-20 grain doses of Arsenic after meals, and 10-drop doses of 
Tincture of Iron three times a day after meals. — (7). 

BUNIONS — BURSA, ENLARGED.— A bursa is an 
irregular cavity formed in the loose connective tissue around 
joints, being situated between the tendons. The bursa is filled 
with a fluid which is poured out over the surface of the tendons 
to facilitate their movements and prevent friction. A bursa may 
be either superficial or deep. The superficial are those that pro- 
tect the small tendons in their movements over light joints near 
the surface, as, for instance, the ball of the great toe; the deep 
bursa is to protect the large tendons in their passage over rough 
bony prominences situated around large joints, as, for example, 
the hip joint. Continued pressure from tight shoes excites a mild 
inflammation of the bursa over the great toe joint and increases 
its secretions. This constitutes a bunion and, if continued, 
results in an overgrowth of the bone, causing permanent deformity. 

Treatments. — 

A. Turpentine externally and poultices of hot Flax seed at 
night. Chloroform liniment to relieve pain. — (7.) 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 59 

B. Put cloths saturated with Turpentine over the bunion on 
retiring. Bandage to keep cloths in place. 

C. Get shoes to fit. Apply bunion plaster. — (13.) 

D. Paint with Tincture of Iodine. When very painful, 
apply hot fomentations of Smartweed and Wormwood. Avoid 
irritating part. 

CANCER. — There are two principal varieties of cancer, one 
called sarcoma and the other called carcinoma. The first usually 
occurs before forty years of age, and the second, after that period. 
These two forms of cancer differ only in the appearance (as shown 
under the microscope) of the cells of which they are formed, and 
in the kind of tissue in which they occur. Practically there is no 
difference, for, unless successfully removed, either is destructive 
to life. 

Cause. — There are two theories regarding the cause of cancer: 
One is that it is caused by a germ, and the other that it is the 
result of degenerative changes going on in the body. While 
there are a number of investigators who hold to the germ theory, 
although unable to discover the germ, the majority believe that 
cancer is the result of the retrograde changes mentioned. That 
standard authority, Green's Pathology, page 249, states that the 
germs or parasites found, which are claimed to be the cause of 
cancer, ' 'apparently are not parasites, but are degenerate cells or 
products of cells. In the few cases in which parasites have been 
present in the tissues, they may have been there as a secondary 
infection." Page 256 states, ''Some cancers seem to be due to 
irritation in people whose resistance is diminished." 

First, let us remember that the human body, all parts, tissues 
and organs, are composed of small particles of matter called cells. 
The life work of these cells is to take up nutrition, to constantly 
build up their own structure and to eliminate waste material. 
The failure from any cause to take up nutrition is the first step 
in the chain of malignant tissue growth that leads to cancer. In 
health the blood contains elements of nutrition, which are sup- 
plied through the circulation. When nutrition is lacking, it is an 
indication that the blood is unhealthy, — the result of poor food, 
or of indigestion from some cause. In health the tissues and 
individual cells are under the intelligent guidance of the nervous 
system and for a time can successfully resist the morbid influence 
or effects of unhealthy blood, but when this condition exists too 
long, or the amount of poison in the blood increases beyond a 
certain limit, it will cause congestion; mild at first and perhaps 
unnoticed, yet after a time, at some point where the resistance is 
least, the nerve fibres become more or less paralyzed, and this 
allows the congestion to increase, lessens nutrition and leaves the 



60 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

tissues without proper control. In health the nervous system 
controls the function of the cells and retards decay and death; but 
with this power or influence lessened and the tissues gorged with 
unhealthy blood, the cells at that point multiply more rapidly and 
deviate more or less from the normal. This is the beginning of 
cancer. 

The conditions from which cancers arise, then, may be 
enumerated as follows, remembering that inflammation always 
depends upon an irritant which excites an increased blocd supply: 

First, an unhealthy digestive tract, lack of nourishment and 
the formation of many poisons. 

Second, the absorption of the poisons, which act as irritants. 

Third, the irritants produce first, congestion, and second, 
inflammation. 

Fourth, the result of the inflammation is an increase in the 
blood supply, and the tissues at that point being overfed, the 
cells first enlarge, then divide and subdivide, first one and then 
another, and thus new tissue forms. But the blood is unhealthy, 
the vitality low, and the morbid effects of the degenerative changes 
which are constantly going on in the new growth renders the 
cells malignant and the blood more impure, and in turn the in- 
flammation and growth are increased. 

In health the cells constituting the different organs and 
tissues of the body have a certain well defined size and shape, not 
all alike, but each peculiar to the organ or part to which it 
belongs, and which under the microscope can be recognized just 
as a man can be recognized by his appearance. But as a result of 
the conditions described the cells constituting the growth lose 
their identity, and this is the reason that there is no specific 
cancer cell, that is, no particular size or form. The cells may be 
large or small and variously shaped, due to their malignancy and 
mutual pressure upon each other. As a result of rapid growth 
and from lack of vitality, they break down easily. The cells 
constituting ' ' proud flesh ' ' may be large or small like the cancer 
cells, but they too lack vitality and break down easily. When 
the general system is unhealthy and the surrounding tissues offer 
but slight resistance, the growth is rapid. The new cells do not 
have time to develop, but remain small and the growth soft. The 
softer the growth the more numerous the blood vessels, hence 
more blood and lymph are supplied. These are the reasons why 
this form of cancer is more rapidly fatal. If the vitality improves, 
the resistance improves also, and the growth is checked in pro- 
portion. Cancerous growths have a framework of connective 
tissue the same as other organs. This connective tissue is strong 
and fibrous. It pervades and supports all the organs and struc- 
tures of the body. The growth of the malignant cancer cells may 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 61 

be lessened, and the inflammation may still continue to cause an 
increase in this connective tissue. But connective tissue resulting 
from inflammation always contracts and hardens. This is the 
condition when a large, hard, slowly growing lump appears in the 
breast or elsewhere. Rapid increase in tissue cells always results 
in a diminution, or loss, of vitality. Most cancers grow so 
rapidly that the cells do not have time to mature; their vitality is 
low and pressure upon each other aids in their own destruction; 
they break down easily. They are constantly undergoing this 
change, and furnish the phenomena known as suppuration. 
If on the surface, as the nose, face or lip, it breaks externally 
and the acrid discharge corrodes the skin if allowed to come in 
contact with it ; or when situated internally, the poison excites 
inflammation around the growth. Dead and dying tissue always* 
excites inflammation, and the inflammatory zone aids in checking 
its spread. This is Nature's method of localizing disease. A more 
common example of Nature's effort to check disease is found in 
the inflammatory zone which surrounds every abscess, and the red 
line which separates the living from the dead in gangrene ; in 
gangrene it is called the line of demarkation. 

Yet in spite of efforts to localize the disease, the morbid 
effects of the malignant growth gradually pervade the system 
and digestion and assimilation are reduced to a low ebb. This is 
why the patient grows so thin and weak, and this is why the 
disease ends fatally. 

The individual cells of the body need stimulation the same 
as a man needs exercise. Such stimulation is the natural result 
of repair and waste. The cells are actively engaged in taking up 
new elements from the blood and reforming and refitting them 
into their own structure; these elements become living matter. 
In health there is given off an equal amount of waste. This 
is a natural action and produces a natural stimulation. All 
life's forces depend upon this stimulation. Besides the work 
mentioned, many of the cells manufacture new products which 
are necessary in maintaining life and health: The liver cells 
manufacture bile; those of the salivary glands, ptyalin; those 
of the thyroid gland, iodine; and those of the stomach manufac- 
ture pepsin. These products all act as ferments and aid diges- 
tion. (See Digestion under Stomach Diseases.) The pancreas 
also furnishes four ferments which aid in the same work. The 
kidney cells eliminate urea, and those of the lungs and skin 
eliminate many other poisons. This aids still more in stimulating 
the organs, but when irritation from impure and poisonous blood 
renders these changes excessive, it is called inflammation. This 
lowers the powers of resistance and disease results, hence the 
statement in Green's Pathology, "Cancer seems to be due to 
irritation in people whose resistance is diminished." 



62 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Symptoms. — A cancer growing within the body may present 
no early symptoms. The first evidence of its presence may be a 
gradual loss of appetite and of weight. Among the early symp- 
toms are stinging, darting pains. Later, as the growth develops, 
the pain becomes more constant. By this time, if the cancer is 
situated in the breast, stomach or abdominal cavity, it can be felt. 
When in the stomach, the appetite is affected earlier than when 
in other situations, and sooner or later there is vomiting. In some 
cases vomiting is delayed until three or four weeks before death. 
If on the surface — face or lip — there is first a small, hard lump, 
which bleeds easily and does not entirely heal. This may develop 
to the size of a small pea and then remain stationary for some 
months, when it begins to grow again and soon forms a slowly 
extending ulcer. The edges of such an ulcer are hard and ragged 
or irregular. The discharge is foul-smelling and irritating, and 
destroys the skin if allowed to come in contact with it. In cancer 
of the breast the inflammation extends to the skin, giving it a 
puckered appearance. The skin looks dark and congested. 

Treatments. — 

In many cases cancers are treated by surgical means only, 
that is, are removed by the surgeon's knife. Those who follow 
this method of treatment claim that by making liberal allowance 
for the growth, — "cutting wide of the mark", — complete removal 
is assured, and that, if the operation is made early, it is the only 
safe and intelligent method of dealing with this otherwise fatal 
malady. On the other hand, there are those who treat cancers by 
local applications — plasters — and who believe that in all cases 
where the growth appears on the surface, it can be successfully 
treated in this way. Statistics favor this claim. Certain it is that 
many a cancerous growth treated in this way has been lifted out 
whole, with the fibres, or roots, unbroken, the part from which it 
has been removed snowing all the various avenues into which 
these roots penetrated. The danger in using the knife is that 
some of these roots may be cut off, and should the least portion 
of one of them remain, the cancer is almost certain to grow again. 
The applications named below have been used with great success; 
in action they seem to follow up the various branches of a cancer, 
and to seek out and destroy its uttermost parts. 

The following are a few of the more important remedies used 
and recommended by leading doctors. The list includes the treat- 
ment employed by Doctor Lombard, the noted "cancer doctor." 

A. The first remedy is one recommended by F. W. Brewer, 
M. D., and reported in the Chicago Medical Times, as follows: — 

Chloride of Zinc l / z ounce. 

Powdered Blood Root y 2 ounce. 

Flour y 2 ounce. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 63 

Make into a paste with Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. Spread 
on a soft cloth and apply. Continue the application until the 
growth is destroyed. Then dress with any mild application, as 
Vaseline containing ten drops of Carbolic Acid to the ounce. 

B. The second remedy is used by W. N. Sherman, M. D., 
and reported in the Medical World: 

Chloride of Zinc 5 grains. 

Powdered Alum 5 grains. 

Tannic Acid 2 grains. 

Persulphate of Iron 3 grains. 

Glycerine sufficient to make a paste. 

Apply as above. The after treatment is the same. 

C. Dr. J. L,. Horr says, in the Boston Medical and Surgical 
Journal: 

"Having, without solicitation on my part, become possessed 
of the knowledge of the secret remedies employed by the late 
Doctor Lombard, the famous 'cancer doctor' of Maine, I feel it my 
privilege, as a member of the scientific profession that has only 
for its object the advancement of knowledge and the relief of suf- 
fering, to make a simple statement of the remedies and methods 
which were employed in the so-called 'treatment of cancer.' The 
remedy employed, if the cancer was small, was the dried juice of 
the leaves of Phy tolacco ( Poke Root) , which was applied in the 
form of a plaster until sloughing took place. The after treatment 
was some simple dressing, like simple Cerate. 

"If the tumor had obtained considerable size, Doctor Lombard 
first used a paste composed of Chloride of Zinc and pulverized 
Blood Root until a scar was produced, and then used the same 
dressing as before until the mass sloughed away. 

"The knowledge of these remedies was given to me by Doctor 
Lombard himself while I was attending him during his last illness, 
but a few days before he died." 

D. There are many other remedies used for the removal of 
cancer. Chromic Acid, melted on the end of a glass rod and 
applied direct, or made into a paste and applied to the growth, is 
used by many. The juice of fresh Sorrel, dried down to a paste 
and applied, will prove equally satisfactory. 

CANCRUM ORIS.— (See under Mouth, Diseases of). 

CAPILLARY BRONCHITIS.— (See under Lung Dis- 
eases) . 

CARBUNCLE. — A carbuncle is an inflammation of the 
deeper layer of the skin, and includes more or less of the tissue 
beneath the skin. The swelling or inflammation strangulates the 
circulation more or less, nutrition is shut off and the tissues de- 
stroyed, hence pus is formed. A carbuncle differs from a boil as 



64 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

it is divided into many sections or parts by a framework of con- 
nective tissue, giving to the whole structure a honeycombed 
appearance. It is larger than a boil, has a flat top, and when 
suppuration takes place it discharges from several openings, 
which correspond to the number of its divisions. They appear 
most frequently in persons above middle age. They occasion 
great suffering, and sometimes prove fatal. They usually occur 
on the back and posterior portions of the neck, but upon the head 
or neck they are more dangerous than in other situations. 

Cause. — Carbuncles are due to irritation from unhealthy 
blood. The irritation becomes excessive and is followed by 
inflammation; the inflammation becomes localized, swelling and 
pressure interfere with nutrition, the tissues break down and 
pus forms. Iyike inflammations elsewhere, a carbuncle is enclosed 
by an inflammatory zone which prevents the spread of the pus. 

Symptoms. — There is burning, throbbing, deep-seated pain, 
and a decided loss of strength and energy. Constitutional symp- 
toms, as chills and fever, are also present. 

Treatments. — 

To Abort. — When a carbuncle first begins to come, paint it 
over with the Tincture of Iodine twice a day until the surface 
becomes sore, and attend to the general health. For instance, 
if the bowels are constipated, regulate them with Castor Oil, with 
Senna steeped up, or with some mild cathartic pill, and take the 
following for a blood purifier, which is also good for boils: 

Burdock root. 
Yellow Dock root. 
Wild Cherry bark. 
Dandelion root. 

Take a small handful of each, add a quart of hot water and 
steep in an iron kettle. Simmer until the strength is out of the 
roots, strain, and then boil the liquid down to a pint. Sweeten, 
if preferred, and take a tablespoonful three times a day. 

Do not meddle with the carbuncle itself. Do not squeeze it, 

do not pick at it ; but paint it over when it first starts with Iodine, 

and if it is not aborted (prevented from developing) by the above 

treatment, that is, if pus begins to form, poultice it. Bread 

and milk with Catnip leaves stirred into it thoroughly, makes a 

soothing poultice. 

A. Alcohol i ounce. 

Glycerine i " 

Boracic Acid 2 drachms. 

Corrosive Sublimate 1 grain. 

Water 8 ounces. 

Mix, and apply locally on wet cloth, keeping 
parts continually moist. — (46.) 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 6$ 

B. Carbolic Acid 20 drops. 

Glycerine 1 ounce. 

Apply on cotton. — (6.) 

C. Should be opened early and freely and dressed with Car- 
bolated Vaseline to which 10 drops of Turpentine has been 
added. — (14.) 

D. Silicea, 12th dilution, applied night and morning. When 
opened, wash frequently with Permanganate of Potash in solu- 
tion — 2 grains of the Potash to 1 ounce of water. This wash 
will stain, and clothing should be protected from it. — (3) — 
Homeopathic. 

CARIES. — (See under Bonk Diseases.) 

CATALEPSY. — An hysterical state in which the mind, or 
intellect, seems for the time being to be cut off from the body. 
All movement ceases and the trunk and limbs remain fixed in the 
position in which they were when the fit occurred. If moved by 
another person, they remain as placed. The breast does not rise 
and fall, and the person does not seem to breathe, but a profes- 
sional ear can detect a slight beating of the heart. The eyes are 
fixed and staring and the subject of the fit is said to be in a trance. 
The fit may be brief or may continue indefinitely, a peculiarity 
being that when consciousness is regained the person immediately 
completes the act that he was about performing when his senses 
were arrested. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — During the fit hold 
Hartshorn to the nostrils, rub the head and back part of the neck 
with a Turpentine liniment, put Mustard to the feet and calf of 
the legs — may also be applied to the spine. Give Catnip tea or 
Asafoetida pills . 

A. Keep the person warm and apply Mustard to the feet. 

CATARRH. — This disease is an inflammation of a mucous 
membrane, from which a fluid is discharged. 

Cause. — It is induced by " taking cold." The lining of the 
nose, throat and bronchial passages are especially liable to attack 
as the result of a cold in the head. Catarrh may be either acute 
or chronic. 

Symptoms. — Acute Nasal Catarrh is attended with a cough, 

thirst, lassitude, chilliness followed with slight fever, watery 

eyes, feeling of fullness in the nostrils, dull pain in the forehead 

and a discharge from the nose. This discharge is at first watery 

and later purulent in character. The air passages leading into 

the throat also become inflamed and the discharge is ejected by 
5 



66 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

the mouth or swallowed. If constant care is exercised, however, 
in keeping the nostrils open and the mouth closed, the patient 
not permitting himself to breathe through the mouth, the inflam- 
mation is less likely to extend to the throat and bronchial pass- 
ages. 

Treatments. — 

A. Take the root of Colt's-Foot (for a description of this 

plant see A Chapter on Herbs), wash, dry in the sun or by 

the fire, and powder. Sift, and use same as snuff. Salt and water 

snuffed up the nose is also good. Take 3 grains of Sulphite 

of Soda and 6 grains of Chlorate of Potash, dissolve in a glass 

two-thirds full of warm water. Snuff up both nostrils, draw 

through to the throat and spit out. 

B. Camphor 15 grains. 

Menthol (crystal) 15 " 

Mix until of clear appearance and add 

Vaseline to make 1 ounce. 

Make into an ointment. 

When having this ointment made up, secure from the drug- 
gist a small glass tube, about as big around as a pipe stem. Dip 
this into the ointment, taking up a small quantity, and pass the 
tube well up into the nostril. Hold the other nostril closed, and 
also press the nostril around the tube so as to exclude the passage 
of air; then give a hard snuff and the ointment will be drawn 
from the tube well up into the head. It not only clears the pas- 
sages, but heals the mucous surface. It may be used several 
times a day (too often may cause nausea as some of it will pass 
through into the throat) . A fresh cold in the head will often be 
entirely overcome, and it will give relief in the most stubborn 
case of catarrh. Probable cost, thirty cents. 

From a head and throat specialist of Milwaukee, Wis. 

C. To half a pint of water use one ounce of Glycerine, ten 
drops of Carbolic Acid, and a half teaspoonful each of baking 
soda and salt, to which add a teaspoonful of L,isterine. This will 
always relieve cold or catarrh in the head. 

CATARRH, CHRONIC NASAL.— When catarrh be- 
comes chronic, the air passages are widely dilated, and both bones 
and cartilages may be more or less destroyed. The mucous 
membrane which lines the cavities, once thick and swollen, has 
now become thin, firm and resistant as a result of the contraction 
of the newly formed connective tissue. The sense of smell is more 
or less interfered with — in some cases is entirely lost. The nat- 
ural secretions are changed both in quality and quantity ; they 
are unhealthy and ill-smelling, and sometimes of a greenish color. 
The secretion, reaching the surface, forms crusts or scales, which 
must be removed before successful treatment can be instituted. 






DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 67 

Treatments. — 

A. Boracic Acid 1 ounce. 

Pure Water 1 quart. 

Dissolve the acid in the water, pour in a fountain syringe and 
hang syringe on the wall at some convenient place. The patient 
should bend the head well forward, place the tip of the syringe in 
the nostril, first one, then the other, and allow the solution to pass 
through the nasal openings and out through the mouth, which 
should be kept open. This will thoroughly saturate, loosen and 
remove the crusts which form in chronic nasal catarrh, and when 
you have rendered the surface clean and wholesome, you have 
cured the disease. Any mild antiseptic may be used in place of 
the Boracic acid. 

B. The following may be used morning and evening, and will 
be found most satisfactory in all cases not too far advanced: 

Menthol 5 to 10 grams. 

Oil Eucalyptus 10 drops. 

Oil Wintergreen 2 " 

Liquid Alboline 1 ounce. 

Mix, and use in Atomizer morning and eve- 
ning. When using the atomizer, draw in the 
breath, and be sure the vapor passes through 
the nasal cavities into the throat. 

C. Ely's Cream Balm is a catarrh remedy that is well known 
and has for years been sold throughout the country. See Pat- 
ent Preparations. 

D. Use the following as a nasal spray three times daily: 

Camphor Gum 30 grains. 

Menthol 10 " 

Liquid Alboline 1 ounce. 

-(46). 

E. Castile soap and water snuffed up the nose from the hand 
will always improve, and often cure. — (12). 

F. Iodine 10 grains. 

- Alcohol 1 ounce 

Put into a 2 oz. vial, and when the Iodine is 
dissolved fill the vial with soft water Inject 
a little of the mixture into the nostrils with a 
small syringe 3 times daily. An alterative con- 
taining Iodine, taken internally, will be a de- 
sirable thing in treating an obstinate case of 
chronic catarrh. 

The above has been a very successful treat- 
ment. — (65). 

CATARACT.— (See under Kye, Diseases of). 

CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS. — (See under 
Brain, Diseases of). 



6S FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

CHANGE OF LIFE. — (See under Women's Diseases). 
CHAPPED HANDS.— Remedies. 

A. Quince Seed jounce. 

Borax % " 

Glycerine 2 " 

Water 12 " 

Add the Quince seed to the warm water and let stand until it 
becomes quite thick. This may require several hours. Strain, 
and carefully dissolve the Borax in a little of the mixture, add 
the two together and lastly add the Glycerine; add perfume as 
desired. This makes a preparation that will keep the hands soft 
and free from all roughness. It dries in a few minutes, and kid 
gloves may then be put on with ease. 

B. Flostilla is a remedy for chapped hands that is widely 
known throughout the country. It will be found among the 
Patent Preparations. It is a very satisfactory preparation 
and will please all who use it. 

C Sweet Oil 3 ounces. 

Spermaceti 4 " 

Pulverized Camphor 1 '• 

Heat gently in a clean earthen vessel, stirring 
to prevent scorching, and apply, after warm- 
ing a little, night and morning. Butter just 
churned and unsalted may be substituted for 
Sweet Oil — same quantity. — (79). 

D. Deer's Tallow 4 ounces. 

Glycerine 1 " 

Pulverized Camphor % " 

Honey % " 

Carefully incorporate together by gentle 
heat, or by rubbing with a knife or spatula on 
a plate, or in a mortar. 

Makes a very healing ointment for chaps, sore lips, etc. , also 
for chafing from trusses. — (79). 

E. Wash clean at bedtime with warm water containing a 
liberal amount of wheat bran, and after wiping apply Glycerine 
and rub dry. (17). 

F. Pulverized Orris Root 1 drachm. 

Water (warm) 4ounces. 

Let stand 24 hours, strain through fine 
gauze, and add: 

Glycerine y 2 ounce. 

Bay Rum 2 " 

Mix, and apply often, thoroughly washing 
and drying before using.— (3). — Homeopathic. 




No, i6. 

i, 2, 3, 4, 5, Arteries. 6, Tendons. 7, Nerves. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 69 

G. Wash at night in corn meal water or bran water till soft; 
rub dry, then rub in Cosmoline thoroughly and sleep in old clean 
gloves. Keep the hands out of water during day and repeat 
every night until well. — (13). 

CHICKEN-POX.— (See under Eruptive Fevers). 

CHILBLAINS. — Chilblains are inflammatory swellings 
affecting the hands and feet, and are produced by exposure to 
cold. The swellings are of a purplish or bluish color, and are 
accompanied by an unbearable itching. They may blister, or, in 
severe cases, be attended with ulceration and sloughing. 

Remedies. — 

A. Twenty grains Carbolic Acid to one ounce Vaseline; 
apply to parts. — (14). 

B. Rub every night with Turpentine, or get Citron ointment, 
one ounce, and apply to chilblains at night. — (13). 

C. Keep feet dusted with Boracic Acid. It will relieve the 
most obstinate case. — (18). — Homeopathic. 

D. Carbolic Acid 1 drachm. 

Tincture Iodine 2 " 

Tannic Acid 1 " 

Simple Cerate 4 ounces. 

Mix, and apply twice daily. — (46). 

E. Hydrochloric Acid 1 drachm. 

Rainwater 7 ounce. 

Wash the feet two or three times daily, or 
wet the stockings with the preparation until 
relieved. — (81). 

F. Tincture of Iodine 1 ounce. 

Soap Iyiniment 1 " 

or, 

Turpentine l / 2 ounce. 

Ether y z " 

Oil of Thyme y z " 

Sometimes little water blisters form. These may be painted 
over with Balsam Peru or Collodion, j^ drachm. 

G. — Paint chilblains freely with Muriate Tincture of Iron. 

CHILL. — A disagreeable sensation of coolness accompanied 
with shivering. 

Treatments. — 

A. — Immediate relief by surrounding patient with hot water 
bottles and giving internally from 1 to 2 ounces of Whiskey. 
Rectal injection of hot salt solution — 2 teaspoonfuls of salt to 2 
quarts of water. — (60). 



yo FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

B. Cover warmly, give warm drinks and get to sweating. 
After sweating is produced give, for an adult, 3 to 5 grains of 
Quinine every four or five hours. 

C. Keep the surface of the body warm with hot blankets 
and hot drinks. Take Quinine after the chill to prevent a recur- 
rence. — (7). 

D. Drink hot lemonade until chill passes off, and then take 
Quinine. — (17). 

CHILLS AND FEVER. — (See Intermittent Fever under 
Mai,ariai< Fevers). 

CHLOROSIS.— (See under Women's Diseases). 

CHOLERA. — This disease is characterized by vomiting and 
purging as the essential symptoms, also by griping, and spasms 
in the legs and arms. Asiatic Cholera is the more malignant 
form. 

ASIATIC CHOLERA.— This form of cholera is of oriental 
origin. Epidemics are known to have occurred for several cen- 
turies, but it was not until the early part of the nineteenth century 
that the attention of European physicians was generally directed 
to the disease. This was occasioned by a violent epidemic which 
broke out in India. 

Cause. — Due to unhealthy surroundings, poor food, bad air. 
The eating of unripe fruits and indigestible foods and drinking of 
alcoholic liquors all predispose to an attack in time of an epi- 
demic. The statement has been made that ' ' With pure water, 
pure air, pure soil and pure habits, cholera need not be feared." 

Symptoms. — The beginning of this disease is marked by a 
derangement of the digestive organs, impaired appetite, thirst, 
lassitude, chilliness, and especially by a painless diarrhea ; there 
may also be twitchings of the calves of the legs. These indispo- 
sitions, which might easily be occasioned by other causes, con- 
tinue from a few hours to several days. Or the attack may be 
quite sudden and marked with profuse evacuations. 

The characteristic feature which distinguishes cholera and 
marks the beginning of the disease itself, is the vomiting and 
purging of a colorless fluid which looks almost like rice water. 
This is accompanied with increasing thirst and with cramps of 
the calves of the legs and other muscles, but if the attack is not a 
severe one, it may be arrested at this stage. If not arrested, the 
cramps become severe and exceedingly painful, and soon attack 
the bowels and stomach. At this stage the breathing is hurried, 
with distress about the heart, and the secretion of urine is greatly 
diminished or entirely stopped. 






DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. y\ 

The discharges, which consist largely of serum ( the watery 
portion of the blood) , leave the patient in a state of great pros- 
tration from which he seldom recovers. The pulse is hardly 
perceptible, skin cold and clammy, and the patient presents a 
frightful appearance of emaciation ; yet there is a sense of great 
heat in the stomach accompanied with intense thirst. The ema- 
ciation or shrinking of the tissues is the result of draining the 
water from the system through the digestive tract. 

The foregoing symptoms represent a typical case of cholera. 
These cases are seldom met at the present. With attention to 
cleanliness cholera is fast becoming a disease of the past, and 
to-day we do not fear it. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Cholera proper is preceded 

by a relaxed state of the bowels, that is, by a mild diarrhea. In 

time of an epidemic, or in sections regularly visited by cholera, a 

looseness of the bowels, however mild, should not be neglected 

for a moment. An excellent remedy for the looseness is the 

following: 

Capsicum (Cayenne Pepper) 20 grains. 

Gum Camphor (powdered) 10 " 

Put into a teacup, fill two-thirds full of hot 
water and stir thoroughly. Take a teaspoonful 
of the solution every hour, or oftener, if neces- 
sary, until the diarrhea is controlled. If this 
solution does not seem to have a controlling 
effect, secure medical aid without delay. 

A. For Cholera, Cholera Morbus, Colic or Painful Diarrhea: 

Oil of Cajeput 1 ounce. 

Oil of Cloves.... . 1 " 

Oil of Peppermint 1 " 

Oil of Anise 1 " 

Alcohol 4 " 

Dose. — From 10 to 15 drops every 30 min- 
utes; or Yz teaspoonful every hour. It should 
be taken in simple syrup, mucilage of slippery 
elm bark, or hot brandy and water sweetened. 

In epidemics of cholera, as much as a tea- 
spoonful of this mixture has been given every 
fifteen minutes, one or two such doses generally 
succeeding in relieving the pains and spasms. 
-(76). 

B Chloroform 1 drachm. 

Tincture of Camphor 1 " 

Tincture of Capsicum 1 " 

Tincture of Opium 1 " 

Tincture of Ginger 1 " 

Mix. 

Dose. — Teaspoonful every hour. — (7). 



72 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

CHOLERA MORBUS.— Cholera Morbus, or Simple Cholera, 
is a disease that is prevalent in warm weather. 

Cause. — This disease occurs in summer and fall. It is 
influenced by extreme heat, and perhaps by hard work which 
lowers physical power, or the power of resistance; also caused by 
eating unripe fruit and vegetables and by drinking cold water. 
In other words it is caused by acute indigestion when the system 
is relaxed. 

Symptoms. — This form usually comes on suddenly, with retch- 
ing, distension and flatulency of the stomach, griping pain in the 
bowels, and vomiting and purging of irritating matter. The 
patient is tormented with thirst, but water is rejected by the 
stomach as soon as swallowed. There is also heat, quick breath- 
ing, a frequent but weak and fluttering pulse, and, in very severe 
cases, cramps of the legs. When the disease is violent, there is 
great loss of vitality, with cold, clammy sweats and coldness of 
the extremities, sometimes ending in death. Usually the symp- 
toms, pretty severe for a few hours or for a day or two, gradually 
lessen, leaving the patient in a state of great debility. The 
features are sunken and the eyes look ''hollow," due to the 
amount of water that has been drained from the tissues. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Before Calling a Doctor. — Usually due to over- 
loading the stomach. Give Brandy sling; or make a Camphor 
tea by dropping into hot water a few drops of the Spirits of 
Camphor and sweetening. Peppermint tea is also good. For 
griping add, for an adult, from 15 to 20 drops of laudanum. 
Usually there are from three to six evacuations of the bowels and 
vomiting, and then the patient is entirely relieved, although left 
very weak; but if the attack is not controlled within a few hours, 
then call a doctor. 

If a person is attacked violently in chis way, it is advisable 
to send for a physician at once. In the meantime, put hot 
applications over the abdomen — cloths wrung out of hot water or 
the hot decoction of some bitter herb — and give hot sling, or any 
of the simple remedies mentioned. 

A. The one thought to bear in mind is to bring the blood 
abundantly to the surface. The vomiting and the continued 
evacuations of the bowels is the result of prostration brought 
on by the cause given above. The circulation near the surface 
of the body is feeble, while the internal organs are congested, 
the congestion being the result of the irritation produced by the 
acute indigestion. This is why the surface is pale, cold and 
clammy. If the blood can be drawn to the surface, immediate 
relief will follow. For this purpose apply external heat; and 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 73 

give, for an adult, Atropine in y^-grain doses. If there is 
severe pain, add from 20 to 40 drops of Laudanum. Repeat the 
dose of Atropine every hour until the surface is flushed, which 
will mean that the circulation has been equalized and the internal 
organs relieved. Atropine internally and artificial heat externally 
are the best possible means of bringing about favorable results. 

B. Paregoric 1 ounce. 

Tincture of Capsicum 2 drachms. 

Subnitrate of Bismuth 2 " 

Simple Syrup 4 ounces. 

mix. and take teaspoonful every hour until 
relieved. — (46). 

C. Wash out stomach with hot water. For adult 10 drops 
Laudanum in strong Peppermint water every hour till relieved. 
Children may take appropriate doses of Paregoric in strong 
Peppermint . — (13). 

CHOLERA INFANTUM, or SUMMER COM- 
PLAINT OF INFANTS.— This is a disease to which children 
are subject during the summer months. 

Cause. — The conditions are the same as those described 
under Cholera Morbus. 

Symptoms. — It begins with restlessness, pain, vomiting and 
diarrhea. The eliminations from the bowels are foul-smelling 
and often contain undigested food. The pulse is rapid and feeble 
and the surface cold. Sometimes there is but a limited amount 
of diarrhea, and at the same time the bowels are distended with 
their contents. More or less gas may be present, and in this case 
the abdomen is bloated and tender. In a well-developed state the 
child lies in a stupor, taking no notice of the surroundings. 
There is but little or no fever. Where the bowel eliminations are 
frequent, with abundant watery discharges, the features of the 
child look shrunken and wasted as a result of the water that has 
been drained away. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — This is a dangerous disease 
and a doctor should be called early. In the meantime, an excel- 
lent thing to give is the following: 

Rhubarb (powdered) 1 teaspoonful. 

Bicarbonate of Soda (baking soda) y z " 

White Sugar 2 tablespoonfuls. 

Mix well and add twenty drops of Essence 
of Peppermint. Put this into a teacup and 
pour two-thirds full of boiling water, stirring 
at the same time you are pouring in the water. 
Set to one side and let settle. Dip from the 
surface. For a child one year old, half a tea- 



74 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

spoonful every hour; three years old, a tea- 
spoonful every half hour. A warm bath may 
be given, and injections of hot water are also 
beneficial. If the child is very fretful and dis- 
tressed, a few drops (from five to ten) of Laud- 
anum may be added to the injection. Bitter 
herbs, as Hops, Smartweed, etc., maybe steeped 
up, enclosed in flannel and laid across the 
bowels. If there is nothing else to give before 
the doctor can arrive, teaspoonful doses of hot 
sling will not be out of place. 

A. This trouble occurs from various causes and requires 
treatment accordingly too grave for guess work. Send for your 
doctor at once; may give a few drops Paregoric pending his 
arrival. Salted water often stops vomiting. — (14) . 

B. Stop all food for twenty- four hours. Keep the child quiet. 
In some cases the movement of the bowels may be slight or 
absent. In any event it is a good plan to add one tablespoonful 
of warm water to an equal amount of Glycerine, mix well and 
inject into the bowels, and with a soft cloth hold the injection for 
five or ten minutes. Repeat the injection if results are not satis- 
factory. The discharges are usually offensive; for this, give the 
following: 

Sulphocarbolate of Zinc 20 grains. 

Glycerine 4 teaspoonfuls. 

Water -. 6 

Dissolve the Sulphocarbolate in the Glycerine 
and water and give one teaspoonful every two 
hours. 

The same amount of Salol may be given if the Sulphocarbo- 
late cannot be had. Place the Salol on the tongue dry, and give 
water with teaspoon. During the disease the drinking water 
should be boiled and cooled and given to the child freely. If the 
child is pale and cold, apply external heat. Equal parts of 
powdered wood charcoal and L,actopeptine should be mixed and 
5 grains given every hour or two. — (74). 

C. — Stop all feeding and give liberally of hot water into 
which a few live coals of wood have been dropped. Send for 
doctor. 

D. Tincture Nux Vomica 2 drachms. 

Dilute Nitro-Muriatic Aci d 2 s< 

Subnitrate of Bismuth 2 " 

Lactopeptine 2 " 

Tincture Red Pepper ]/ x teaspoonful . 

Simple Syrup 4 ounces. 

Sherry Wine 4 

Mix together and take one teaspoonful in 
water three or four times a day. — (53)- 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 75 

CHOREA. — (See under Children's Diseases). 

CHORDEE. — (See under Venereal Diseases). 

CIRRHOSIS. — This means a hardening of the tissues of an 
organ, and follows a mild form of inflammation long-continued. 
The inflammation may be the result of syphilis or of irritating 
matter resulting from indigestion and constipation, but is more 
often the result of the continued use of alcoholic liquors. This 
inflammation always produces an overgrowth and shrinking of 
tissue as described under Alcohol. The new tissue contracts and 
hardens, destroying and replacing normal tissue in proportion. 
This change most often takes place in the liver or kidneys, and 
next most frequently in the spinal cord and lungs; however, it 
may occur anywhere in the body. 

COLIC. — An attack of pain in the abdomen, of spasmodic 
character, usually attended with constipation of the bowels. 
There is no attendant fever, and the pain is relieved by pressure 
over the abdomen — points which are of importance in distinguish- 
ing it from inflammation. 

There are several forms of Colic. 

BILIOUS COLIC. — Strictly speaking Bilious Colic means 
Biliary Calculi or Gall- Stones, but as the term is more or less 
commonly used, it is given here. As usually understood bilious 
colic, flatulent colic and wind colic are one and the same, and the 
cause is the same — undigested food. When the trouble has 
existed for some days and comes on in the form of an acute 
attack, there is nausea and vomiting of bilious matter, hence the 
term, Bilious Colic. 

For treatment the reader is referred to the remedies under 
Flatulent, or Wind, Colic. 

FLATULENT, or WIND, COLIC— This form is due to 
indigestible matter in the intestines, which not only excites pain, 
but by beginning to undergo decomposition also gives rise to 
gases which cause a painful distension of the bowels. 

Treatments. — 

What to do Before Calling a Doctor. — First give an active 

cathartic. Follow with hot applications over the abdomen and 

give hot drinks — hot sling, hot pepper tea, Camphor tea — or any 

of the remedies mentioned below. 

A. Spirits of Chloroform 1 ounce. 

Paregoric 2 " 

Dose. — For an adult, take a teaspoonful in 
hot water every half hour, 

or, 
Morphine, % grain every two hours, for adult. 



y6 FA V0R1TB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Apply hot flannels or hot bottles over bowels and stomach. 
If pain is in right side and there is tenderness over the appendix, 
it is best toliave a doctor at once. — (13). 

B. Laudanum 25 drops. 

Pepper Sauce y z teaspoonful. 

Spirits of Camphor 5 drops. 

Dose. — For an adult, trie whole taken in a 
wineglassful of hot water. — (14). 

C. Tincture of Cardamon Compound.... 1 ounce. 
Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia 1 ' * 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful, for the adult, 
every hour more or less often as he need. 

This prescription I have used in some most severe cases 
of colic of this country with the finest success. Give also a 
cathartic — a 5-grain dose of Calomel. The Salines or Castor Oil 
are not so good for bilious colic. The Calomel is better. — (77). 

D. A friend who has suffered very much from colic recently 
obtained from a physician the following prescription, which 
afforded him such immediate and perfect relief that he desires to 
give it to the public. It is as follows: 

Pulverized Opium 1 grain. 

Sulphate of Morphia (Morphine) 1 " 

Pulverized Camphor 5 " 

Capsicum 5 " 

Make into 10 pills with a thick solution of 
gum. 

One pill will generally afford relief, but if not materially 
benefited after an hour or two, another may be taken. The 
remedy was accompanied by the following letter: 

"Please find prescription, which I hope will alleviate the 
pains of some mortal as it has done for me. Hoping it may prove 
profitable to you, and, through your book, a blessing to man- 
kind, I remain, yours, etc. 

We have not permission to publish the gentleman's name. 

E. A splendid remedy is the following: 

Powdered Wood Charcoal 1 ounce. 

Lactopeptin 1 " 

Dose for adult, ^ to % of a teaspoonful; for 
child one year old, one teaspoonful divided 
into ten powders and given with a little water. 

F. For the wind colic of children, about the nicest thing that 
can be given them is a tea made of soot. Take some soot from the 
chimney, put into a dish, pour on some hot water, and drink of 
it. Or a tea may be made of red pepper, or even of black pepper 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 77 

— anything that is warming — but the soot tea is best as it starts 
the gas at once. If, however, the child is not relieved within a 
reasonable time, say within an hour or so, send for a doctor. 

When babes are tongue-tied, they draw air into the stomach 
in nursing, and if a babe is constantly bothered with colic, the 
tongue should be examined to see if it needs cutting. 

LEAD or PAINTER'S COLIC— (See Lead Poisoning). 

RENAL COLIC— (See Graver). 

COLDS AND COUGHS.— Many people are troubled with 
colds, influenza, sore throat, lame back, etc. Prevention is the 
best thing for colds, as for everything else. People need not be 
so sensitive to colds if they would gradually accustom themselves 
to cold baths or cold sponging, in either case bringing the tem- 
perature of the water down gradually; and most people would 
soon learn to appreciate them. Finish by drying thoroughly, 
rubbing the skin well but not enough to produce irritation. To 
practice deep breathing for several minutes at a time will also be 
found of great benefit. Bven when out in the cold, deep breath- 
ing will increase the heart action and send the blood tingling and 
the chills flying. The feet should always be kept warm and dry. 
Shoes should be large enough to allow free circulation. 

Another preventative may be had by drinking plenty of 
water. Water flushes the small vessels, aids in keeping the 
bowels active and in carrying away waste. 

Treatments for Coi,ds. — 

A. To prevent. — Out-door exercise and cold baths. 
To cure. — Hot baths, sweats and rubbing. — (5.) 

B. To Prevent Taking. — Rub the entire surface of the body, 
in a warm room on retiring, with fresh hog's lard every night, 
followed by bath in the morning. Do not use sweet oil or any 
vegetable oil. Vigorous people may take a cold sponge bath with 
good rubbing after and will seldom take cold. — (8). 

C If a person finds he has a cold, it is better to remain in 
for a day or two, take a hot foot bath, or better, an alcohol sweat 
at night. Take 10 grains Quinine and 10 grains of Dover's 
Powder. This will be all that will be needed in any ordinary 
attack. 

D. Lemons for Colds. — For a fresh cold a good cathartic fol- 
lowed by a bowl of hot lemonade on retiring will usually prove 
most effective. Roasted lemon is also an effective remedy, especi- 
ally in a cold of longer standing accompanied with cough. It 
should be roasted for thirty minutes in an oven not hot enough 



78 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

to blacken or dry it. When it begins to crack open, take out, 
press out the juice, sweeten with loaf sugar, and take a little at 
a time, but take often. 

E. For children make an onion syrup, and give in teaspoon- 
ful doses every hour or two. Grease the nose and around the 
throat and chest with lard containing a little Turpentine. — (67). 

F. Hot foot bath and 10 drops Tincture of Gelsemium at 
bedtime. Take Cathartic the following morning. — (46). 

G. In case of an adult, take 6 grains Quinine, drink one 
pint of water, bathe feet in hot water and go to bed. From 
ten to twenty-four hours in bed after the above treatment 
will usually terminate any ordinary cold. A cold should not be 
regarded as a light matter as it may be the forerunner of serious 
troubles. — (9). 

H. A good cathartic — tablespoonful of Salts. At night take 
a hot foot bath and a strong cup of hot Ginger tea, also a big 
dose of Quinine — from 6 to 10 grains — get into a warm bed and 
get up a good, heavy sweat. This will break up an ordinary 
cold.— (13). 

Ancient Method of Cure. — The Evening Post says the follow- 
ing plan for the cure of Colds has been in use since 1340: 

Put your feet in hot water, 

As high as your thigh es; 
Wrappe your head up in flannelle, 

As low as your eyes; 
Take a quarte of rum'd gruelle, 

When in bedde, as a dose; 
With a number four dippe, 

Well tallow your nose. 

This will be found as valuable and practical at the present 
time, except perhaps as to the depth of the foot bath and the 
amount of "rum'd gruelle." Perhaps a pint of that would be 
sufficient now-a-days, if made tolerably strong, repeating the treat- 
ment one or two nights until the cold is broken. 

Remedies for Coughs. — 

A. A most excellent and satisfactory cough mixture may be 

made as follows: — 

Fluid Extract of Ipecac 1 ounce. 

Chloroform % " 

Tincture of White Pine 4 " 

Water 14 «■ 

Sugar 28 " 

Tincture of Gelsemium % " 

First dissolve the sugar in the water, next 
add the Ipecac and the Gelsemium, and last 
the White Pine and Chloroform. 

Dose: One teaspoonful every two or three 
hours, as needed. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 79 

This prescription was used by an old physician who had 
practiced many years and had learned to depend upon it in all 
cases of ordinary coughs and colds. It will not disappoint any 

who use it. 

B. Syrup of Ipecac 1 ounce. 

Syrup of Tolu 1 " 

Syrup of Rhubarb 1 " 

Spirits of Nitre 1 " 

Paregoric 1 " 

The dose for an adult is one teaspoonful 
every two to four hours; for a child one year 
old, give 5 drops. Dose may be increased, if 
necessary. 

This is a very simple remedy and the results are satisfactory 
in nearly all cases. — (67). 

C. Paregoric and Hive Syrup, one part of the former to two 

parts of the latter, taken in 30-drop doses every four hours. — (7). 

D. Fluid Extract Tolu 1 ounce. 

Wine Antimony 1 " 

Paregoric 1 " 

Fluid Extract Grindelia Robusta 1 " 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful three or four 
times a day, 

or, 

Dilute Hydrobromic Acid 3 drachms. 

Fluid Extract Grindelia Robusta 1 ounce. 

Paregoric 1 " 

Syrup of Tolu 1% " 

Glycerine, add to make 6 " 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful every three 
or four hours. 

E. For Cough and Sore Lu?igs. — To one quart of water add 
one large handful of strong hops. Let the water boil till reduced 
to one pint, then thoroughly strain, rinse out kettle and replace 
hop water. Carefully stir in one pound of heavy brown sugar 
and bring to a simmering heat, then remove from the fire and, 
when cold, add from one-half to one pint of the best Jamaica rum. 

Dose, from one to two teaspoonfuls as often as required. 

F. We have used the following cough mixture for many 
years with the most satisfactory results. We have also given 
the formula to a number of physicians who have been equally 
successful. 

No. r. Wild Cherry bark, cut fine 2 l / 2 ounces 

No. 2. Ipecac Root, powdered 2]/ z drachms. 

Blood Root, powdered 3 " 

Squills, powdered \y 2 " 

Iyicorice Root, powdered 2 ' ' 

Anise Seed, ground y 2 ounce. 

Fennel Seed, powdered 1 drachm. 

Sulphuric Acid 15 to 20 drops. 

Fresh Orange Peel y 2 to 1 ounce. 

Alcohol 1 pint. 



80 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Put No. i into a large bottle and add one pint of water, allow- 
ing it to stand for one week. Of No. 2, first add the Sulphuric 
Acid to the Alcohol, then add the other ingredients. Also allow 
this mixture to stand one week, then mix No. 1 and No. 2 together 
and allow to stand for one week or ten days more. Each bottle 
should be shaken before the mixtures are added together and the 
bottle containing the two should be shaken. At the end of ten 
days, after the two solutions are mixed, get several large sheets 
of filtering paper from the drug store, place two layers carefully 
in a funnel, set the funnel in a clean bottle and pour on the mix- 
ture, allowing it to strain through. While straining, keep well 
covered to prevent evaporation. By using filtering paper the 
solution will come out clear and bright. Now add 10 ounces of 
sugar and dissolve by shaking the bottle. More sugar may be 
added if desired. Three or four grains of Sulphate of Codeine 
should be added to each 4 ounces when it is used. This prepara- 
tion will keep for any length of time. 

Dose, one teaspoonful. It is perfectly safe to give to children 
of any age as it contains neither Opium nor Morphine. For 
a child five years old the dose would be Vi teaspoonful. For 
adults where the cough is severe and there is a good deal of pain, 
if the mixture does not control the condition }£ of a grain of 
Morphine may be added to each dose for two or three doses. 

Winter Cough Remedies. — 

A. Zinc Sulphate, V 2 grain dissolved in a teaspoonful of 
water. To be taken every one, two or three hours. Take no 
water or anything right after it as you want its local effect. 

This is the best remedy on earth. Try it. — (30). 

B. Ammoniated Tincture of Guiacum. 

Dose. — 5 drops on a little sugar every half to 
one hour. Let it slowly dissolve in the mouth 
and swallow it. Take nothing right away after 
it. This is a good one also. These cheap rem- 
edies are really superior to the expensive cough 
syrups.— (30). 

C. Liquor Ammonia Acetatus 2 drachms. 

Syrup of Squills Compound 2 " 

Fluid Extract of Licorice 6 " 

Syrup of Wild Cherry enough to 

make 3 ounces. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful every hour or two. — (34). 

COLOR BLINDNESS.— (See under Eye, Diseases of). 

CONGESTIVE CHILL— CONGESTIVE FEVER,— 

( See Pernicious fover under Malarial Fevers) , 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 8 1 

CONSTIPATION, OR COSTIVENESS.— This is a 

common disorder. It is due to a sluggish state of the liver and 
bowels, the bowels retaining the faeces longer than is warranted 
by a state of health. Constipation means the production of many- 
poisons in the digestive tract which are absorbed into the system 
and produce a chronic state of disease. 

Cause. —It may be due to the character of the food taken, or 
to the habits of the individual, especially habits of neglect. Some 
have held the theory that constipation is due to a lack of develop- 
ment in the thickness of the muscular walls of the digestive 
tract; others, that it is due to imperfect nerve supply and poor 
circulation; still others argue that it is congenital, that is, exists 
from birth. But such claims seem to be more a matter of theory 
than of practical demonstration. 

Treatments. — 

A. Try to overcome it by diet and habit. Eat graham 
mush and graham bread, corn bread, coarse food of all kinds, 
prunes, figs, baked apples, fruit, etc. Drink lots of water 
before bedtime — a pint every night — and a glass of hot water the 
first thing in the morning twenty or thirty minutes before break- 
fast. Have a regular time to have bowels move, say the first 
thing after breakfast. 

If medicine is needed, take 10 to 20 drops of Fluid Extract 
Cascara Sagrada once or twice a day. Massage over bowels 
will cure many cases. — (13). 

B. The Aloin Strychnine, Belladonna and Cascara pills kept 
by druggists will give excellent satisfaction in relieving constipa- 
tion, taken one or two at bedtime, as needed. These pills are a 
tonic, and there is absolutely no danger in their continued use in 
chronic constipation. If used with judgment, and regular habits 
observed, they will result in a permanent cure. — (46). 

C. Teaspoonful of Epsom Salts in a glassful of water the 
first thing in the morning. This treatment should be long con- 
tinued. — (11). 

D. A teaspoonful of corn meal in a glass of cold water on 
getting out of bed in the morning. A teacupful of very hot water 
sipped from a teaspoon on sitting down to breakfast. Fruits 
usually good. Prolonged rubbing and kneading of the bowels, 
and especially the cultivation of a fixed time or habit in move- 
ment of bowels. — (8). 

E. A fresh egg beaten in a gill of water and drank on rising in 
the morning, and at each meal, for a week or ten days, has cured 
obstinate cases. It might be increased to two or three at a time 
as the stomaeh will bear. — (68). 

6 



82 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

F. Drink liberally of cold water at bedtime and of hot water 
as soon as you arise. Then attend to nature's calls ' 'religiously." 
Let nothing hinder. — (17). 

CONSUMPTION.— (See under Tuberculosis) . 

CONVULSIONS. — Convulsions are due to nervous mani- 
festations. The body is drawn into violent spasmodic contrac- 
tions, the spasm being confined to the external or voluntary 
muscles. There is usually loss of consciousness. 

Cause. — Convulsions may result from different causes, as 
ursemic or puerperal convulsions, due to the retention of urea in 
the system. Infantile convulsions may be due to teething or 
to worms. With children convulsions are most often caused by 
indigestion; in this case the trouble is confined to the stomach, 
hence a dose of Ipecac is always in order. Convulsions also 
occur in Epilepsy. (See Epilepsy). 

Convulsions in Children. — 

A. Put babe in warm water — temperature of 105 — i.e., com- 
fortably warm for hand. As soon as possible give him full dose 
of Castor Oil, and inject the bowels with warm water or soap 
suds. Keep body and extremities warm. — ( 13 ) . 

B. Give the patient a dose of Salts or Oil for laxative pur- 
poses. If necessary protect the tongue from the closure of the 
jaws by inserting a cork, piece of wood or knife-handle between 
the teeth. If severe, a doctor might administer a little Chloro- 
form. — (7). 

C. In children little to be done during the convulsion. As 
soon as possible give *4 to 2 teaspoonfuls of Castor Oil, according 
to age. The cathartic relieves the head and also the digestive 
apparatus, which is generally the locality at fault. If the head 
remains drawn back after the spasm, look out for spinal menin- 
gitis, which is very fatal. — (14). 

CORN. — A hardening of the outer layer of cells of the skin 
of the toes or other portions of the foot. A kernel is developed 
in the calloused portion, about the size of a small pea and cone- 
shaped. At times it is soft instead of hard, forming what is 
called a soft corn. This occurs on the side of the foot or between 
the toes, and is caused by the part being continually moist with 
sweat. 

Cause. — Long-continued pressure or friction caused by ill- 
fitting shoes. 

A. Salicylic Acid 30 grains. 

Extract Indian Hemp 20 " 

Collodion ]/ 2 ounce. 

Mix, and apply with a soft brush once daily 
for six days, then soak corn in warm water. 
Repeat the application if necessary. — (46). 



MSBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 83 

B. — Get felt corn plaster at drug store and place over corn. 
Then apply on top of corn the following: 

Salicylic Acid yi ounce. 

Collodion % " 

First soften corn, every night, with Glycerine 
or soaking in hot water, then make above ap- 
plication. Wear properly fitting shoes and 
corns will disappear. — (13). 

C. — Remove the pressure by change of foot gear. Remove 
hard part of corn and cover with an ointment made by thoroughly 
mixing together equal parts of cooking Soda or Saleratus and 
Mutton Tallow or Vaseline. The corn will soon disappear. — 

(14). 

D. Take Sheep Sorrel, mash, press out the juice, spread on a 
plate and dry down to a thick salve. Mix a little pulverized Pot- 
ash with this salve and bind on a very little of the mixture for 
two or three nights, or until the corn turns black, showing that 
it has been killed, then leave it to come out. 

or, 

Potash, powdered 1 ounce. 

Salt of Lemon, powdered ]/ 2 " 

Mix, and bind a little on corn for four or five 
nights. — (70). 

E. Warm a stick of Lead Plaster and rub on to a bit of white 
silk, which bind on to corn and wear until kernel can be pulled 
or picked out. 

F. Wet lint or batting with Spirits of Turpentine and bind 
over corn. 

CRAMPS. — Cramps are caused by irritation of a nerve or 
nerves controlling one or more muscles. The irritation is the 
result of waste products in the system. All life's forces are kept 
up by irritation (see Cancer, cause of) , but when this irritation is 
carried too far, the condition is usually indicated by pains or 
cramps. Irritation is but another term for stimulation. At first 
over-stimulation increases the nerve forces with the result that 
one or more muscles become spasmodic. When these spasms 
relax and contract, it is called clonic; when the muscle remains 
rigid, it is called tonic spasm or cramp. 

Treatment. — 

Usually change of position and massage applied to the 
affected parts will relieve the trouble. I^ike other painful con- 
ditions, cramps are an indication that more careful diet and more 
thorough elimination are necessary. Cramps may be influenced 
by too much hard work, by a lack of exercise or a lack of fresh 
air. Cramps, pains in the stomach and bowels, rheumatism, 



84 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

acute or chronic, lumbago, neuralgia in any form, sciatica, head- 
ache, and all other forms of aches and pain require the same 
general treatment, i. e., diet, elimination and fresh air. 

CROUP, SPASMODIC— This disease is a mild degree 
of catarrhal inflammation of the larynx associated with spasm. 
It does not often occur before the age of six months nor after the 
fifth year. 

Causes. — It occurs in the otherwise healthy as well as the 
sickly. Some children seem predisposed to it, and those who 
have had it once are likely to have it again. Those who have 
large tonsils and catarrhal throats are more subject to it, the 
immediate cause being a cold or a fit of indigestion. 

Symptoms. — The attack is usually preceded by cold or hoarse- 
ness. The child plays around by day and in the evening there 
is a hollow, barking cough. Towards midnight there is an 
increase in severity; the breathing becomes more difficult and 
may be heard in an adjoining room, the child struggles for breath 
and is in great distress, and the cough is hoarse and ringing. In 
a few hours the breathing becomes easier, the attack passes away 
and the child falls asleep. In the morning he is apparently well, 
but for some hoarseness, and plays as usual. Next night there 
is a fresh attack, usually little different from the first night. The 
third night it will be mild or absent. Many children have such 
attacks several times during the cold season. This disease is 
very alarming to parents until the child has come through two or 
more attacks, but is never dangerous. 

A. For spasmodic croup keep child warm and hot flannels 
about neck and over chest. Give % teaspoonful Syrup of Ipecac 
every ten or fifteen minutes till child vomits freely. Give plenty 
of warm water to wash out stomach. If there is any diphtheria 
in country, look upon every croup case with suspicion. — (13). 

B. For spasmodic croup, nothing is better or more prompt 
than flannels wrung out of cold water and applied to throat, and 
then covered with heavy dry flannel cloth. Renew every ten 
minutes. — (60). 

C. Alum pulverized, y?, teaspoonful in a little Molasses, is a 
simple remedy and one that is almost always at hand. One dose 
seldom fails to give relief, but if it should, it may be repeated : ~ 
an hour. 

D Oil of Wintergreen 10 drops. 

Oil of Lobelia 16 

Dilute Alcohol 1 ounce. 

Mix, and give from 1 to 10 drops every 
fifteen or twenty minutes until the paroxysm 
passes off, which it usually does in a very short 
time. — (82). 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 85 

E. Inhale steam from lime while it is being slacked. Give 
^ grain of Calomel every two hours. — (9). 

CROUP, MEMBRANOUS.— (See under Diphtheria). 

DANDRUFF. — This affection is a disorder of the sebaceous 
glands, technically known as seborrhea. Seborrhea may affect 
the skin of any portion of the body, but the term dandtuffis 
understood to mean the scurfy deposit which forms on the 
scalp. 

Cause. — Dandruff depends upon a diseased condition of the 
oil glands which open into the hair follicles. The glands become 
irritated and furnish too much oil, which dries on the surface 
and forms the crusts or scales commonly known as dandruff. 
The disease is constitutional, the same as eczema, and the 
irritation mentioned is caused by irritants in the blood. 

Treatments . — 

A. Put one tablespoonful Flour of Sulphur in a quart of 
rain water, and use once a day, after shaking well, as a wash to 
the scalp. Do not wet your hair with anything else and you will 
soon cure your dandruff. — (13). 

B. — Wash scalp in salt water, use brush and avoid the use 
of fine combs. Do not use metallic combs. Apply Vaseline 
twice a week, rubbed well into scalp. — (9). 

Those who object to Vaseline by reason of its being too 
greasy, may find a valuable substitute in Glycerine and Rose 
Water. The advantage of Glycerine lies in its easy removal. It 
readily unites with water, therefore may easily be washed off. 
The Vaseline would cover over and mask the symptoms and 
allow the condition to become worse. It is in cases like these 
that Coke Dandruff Cure, or any good antiseptic, is especially 
valuable. — (See under Patent Preparations). 

C. Bay Rum and rain water, equal parts. 

For shampoo use two or three fresh eggs. When the head 
is clean, apply the Bay Rum and rain water, rubbing into the 
scalp with the balls of the fingers. — (50). 

D. Shampoo head with white of an egg f and afterwards rub 
scalp thoroughly with Vaseline. — (46). 

DEAFNESS. — There is so much of enjoyment and happi- 
ness dependent upon the ability to hear well, that a considerable 
anxiety arises at once on inability to hear the slightest sound ; 
and although there are but few who are entirely deaf as compared 
with the mass who can hear, yet there are quite a good many 
whose hearing is more or less affected. 



86 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Cause. — Inflammation of the middle ear is the general cause 
of deafness. It may follow taking cold, or may follow the 
infectious diseases, especially scarlet fever. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms, or sensations realized, on the 
approach of an inflammation and consequent deafness, if the 
inflammation is not subdued, will be a feeling of fullness of the 
parts, uneasiness, singing noises, and pain, more or less severe. 
If not relieved, ulceration may follow. 

Treatments. — 

A. Let an active sweat be taken, and let this be repeated at 
least once a day in acute cases and once a week in chronic cases 
until relief is obtained. There is no plan quite equal to the 
spirit, or hot-air bath, but according to the choice of the patient 
or the conveniences at hand. In connection with the sweating 
process, a diaphoretic, or sweating medicine, must be given that 
will have a tendency to keep up a little perspiration, such as a tea 
of the Virginia Snake-Root and of Pleurisy-Root, equal parts, 
say % ounce of each, to water, i pint, drank in the course of the 
day, and continued as needed. Active cathartics should also be 
given; this is of first importance. 

Such active systemic treatment is particularly-necessary when 
the inflammation is acute, the result of such treatment being to 
draw the blood away from the inflamed part, equalize the circu- 
lation, and thus prevent the danger of the formation of an abscess, 
which is liable to follow an acute attack of inflammation of any 
part. 

B. Deafness is not infrequently caused, or at least a partial 
loss of hearing, by the accumulation of the natural secretions of 
the ear (ear wax). In some cases this secretion is excessive. In 
these cases there is a mild local inflammation from some cause, and 
the result is not only an increase in the secretion, but the moisture 
evaporates more rapidly, leaving the exudate (discharge) a dry 
and hardened mass. This is continually surrounded by a fresh 
supply, which keeps the surface unirritated and the condition 
unnoticed by the individual. This accumulation is in the 
external canal and can be easily removed. Lay the sound ear 
on the table, and with a small syringe fill the affected ear with 
the following solution: 

Baking Soda i teaspoonful. 

Glycerine 8 teaspoonfuls. 

Water 8 teaspoonfuls. 

Mix, allow the solution to remain in the ear 
ten or fifteen minutes, let it drain and plug 
with batting. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 87 

Repeat twice a day for two or three days, then syringe out 
with soap and warm water. This will remove any accumulations, 
and in cases where deafness is the result of such accumulations, 
hearing will be restored. 

C. Hen's Oil, 1 gill ; and a single handful of the sweet 
clover raised in gardens stewed in the oil until the juice is all out; 
strain it and bottle for use. 

Where deafness is recent, it will be cured by putting three or 
four drops daily into the ear; but if of long standing, much relief 
will be obtained if continued a sufficient length of time. Syringe 
out ears with warm soapsuds twice a day — morning and evening. 

DELIRIUM. — The term delirium means a wandering of the 
mind dependent upon some disease, as a fever, and so distin- 
guished from insanity. In a delirious state the ideas of a person 
are wild, irregular and unconnected. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Give a few drops of Pare- 
goric to quiet and produce sleep: If a child, from 15 to 20 drops; 
if an adult, a teaspoonful of the Paregoric, or from 15 to 20 drops 
of Laudanum. As a general thing, delirium is produced by fever, 
and a doctor is visiting the patient every day; but sometimes ill- 
ness comes on in that way — a person may be taken delirious — 
and the above is the thing to do until the doctor comes. The feet 
may be immersed in warm water, as the object is to draw the 
excess of blood from the brain. 

A. Reduce the fever with cold sponging and cold cloths to 
head. Keep feet warm. Keep quiet. Do not let in any com- 
pany. Give an adult 20 grains Bromide of Potash in water if 
there is no contra-indication. Always consult doctor. (13). 

DELIRIUM TREMENS.— (See under Ai.cohoi.ism). 

DIABETES. — There are two varieties of this disease, 
Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus. 

DIABETES MELLITUS.— This is a disorder of nutrition 
in which fruit sugar accumulates in the blood and later is carried 
from the system with the urine, which is greatly increased. 

During digestion the starch contained in the different food 
products is converted into glucose or grape sugar. This is 
absorbed and carried by the veins direct to the liver, where some 
of it is converted into a substance called glycogen. The glycogen 
is stored up by the liver cells and delivered to the circulation as the 
system requires. In health it unites with the oxygen from the 
air we breathe and is oxidized. This produces heat and aids in 



88 PA VORITM MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

maintaining the bodily temperature; but the system cannot 
oxidize the amount present in diabetes, hence its appearance 
through the kidneys. 

Cause. — While there are a number of theories advanced 
regarding the cause of Diabetes Mellitus, all investigators are 
agreed that the disease is preceded by some disordered state of 
the nervous system. Undoudtedly the first cause is indigestion 
and constipation. Both are present. The return circulation 
from the digestive tract passes through the liver, the latter 
becomes unhealthy and unable to convert the glucose into 
glycogen, in which case more glucose is left in the circulation 
than the system can oxidize. Passing through the circulation, 
the glucose irritates and weakens the kidneys until some of it 
finds its way into the secreting tubes and is carried off with the 
urine. Primarily this is called Diabetes; later it causes Bright 's 
Disease. 

Symptoms. — The onset of this disease is nearly always 
stealthy, and is unnoticed by the patient. The first thing noticed 
in many cases is excessive thirst or a large increase in the amount 
of urine, or it may be unusual weakness. The urine is pale in 
color, very acid, the specific gravity is increased, and sugar is 
constantly present. At times the appetite is voracious, and at the 
same time there is a loss of flesh. 

The normal amount of urine daily is about fifty ounces, or 
three pints. In this disease the amount varies from six or eight 
pints in mild cases to thirty or forty pints in severe ones. The 
tongue is usually dry, red and glazed. The skin is dry and harsh. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do. — Keep the patient on a strict diet. Avoid all 
starchy foods, and also those that contain sugar. 

Drink as small a quantity of fluids of all kinds as possible. 
A cold, weak infusion of common tea is the most harmless, and 
at the same time quite as efficient in quenching thirst as any 
drink that can be taken. Patients may be allowed to take a 
swallow of this every hour or two. 

Attention to the skin is also a matter of importance. Frequent 
bathing is desirable. The warm alkaline and spirituous bath may 
be used before going to bed, and the cold sponge bath in the 
morning before dressing. Both should be followed with a brisk 
friction, especially on the spine. To prevent irritation apply 
Sweet Oil. 

A compound Taraxacum and Podophyllin pill should be 
given every night and morning, or in such quantity as will at 
least secure one evacuation from the bowels every day. Other 
valuable remedies for the constipation which is always present 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 89 

are: the well-known Aloin, Strychnine and Belladonna combina- 
tion in pill form; or the Fluid Extract of Cascara Sagrada in 
10-drop doses morning and night, more or less, as needed. 

As a tonic, a decoction of Ptelea and Wild Cherry may be 
given in wineglassful doses three times a day. 

A. Milk diet. Avoid sugar or starchy foods. 

Basham's Mixture in teaspoonful doses 3 or 4 times a day. — 

(7)- 

B. Abstain from sugars and starch and reduce mental work 
and worry. — (3.) 

C. Avoid sugars and starches in diet. Diet alone will some- 
times cure, but must be continued for a long time. — (50). 

D. Dr. King makes the following report: "I have treated four 
cases of Diabetes Mellitus successfully by the internal administra- 
tion of Nitrate of Ammonia in doses of from 10 to 20 grains 
repeated three times a day and given in solution. In conjunction 
with this agent I also employed the following pills, alternating 
them every four weeks: 

"No. 1. Citrate of Iron and Strychnia 45 grains. 

Quinine Sulphate 45 " 

Opium 60 " 

Mix, divide into 90 pills, and give one pill 
three or four times a day. 

"No. 2. Bromide Potassium 270 grains. 

Extract Conium Maculatum 90 ' ' 

Extract Aletris 90 " 

Mix, divide into 90 pills and give same 
as above, giving No. 1 for four weeks and then 
giving No. 2 for the next four weeks, and so on. " 

Rennet wine was prescribed to be taken after the breakfast 
and dinner meals, and the usual attention bestowed upon the 
skin, kidneys, bowels, diet, etc. 

E. Carbonate of Ammonia 90 grains. 

Phosphate of Ammonia 90 " 

Carbonate of Soda 2 drachms. 

Tincture of Ginger y 2 ounce. 

Glycerine lj£ " 

Simple Elixir enough to make.. 4 " 

Dose, a teaspoonful in water three times a 
day. 

This mixture is very grateful to the patient. 
It relieves thirst and mitigates the morbid 
appetite. The tongue gradually becomes moist, 
and the urine diminishes in quantity and con- 
tains less sugar. — (74). 



go 



FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



DIABETES INSIPIDUS.— This disease usually comes on 
slowly. Increased secretion of urine and great thirst are the chief 
symptoms. The amount of urine may be from twenty to forty 
pints a day and even more. It is extremely pale and watery, and 
of low specific gravity. The low specific gravity and absence of 
sugar in the urine will distinguish this disease from Diabetes 
Mellitus. 

In many instances Diabetes Insipidus does not interfere with 
the general health, the greatest inconvenience being frequent 
passing of water and constant thirst. If the primary cause of 
this trouble is some organic disease, the health may be much 
impaired. Where there is no other disease, the patient may have 
good health indefinitely, or nature may restore him to normal 
health. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment is the same as that for Diabetes Mellitus. 
True, sugar may not be present, but the danger is that this form 
will run into Diabetes Mellitus prcper; hence the advisability of 
following the treatments outlined above. 

DIARRHEA. — The Alimentary Canal is about 30 or 32 feet 
long and begins in the mouth. It is lined throughout with 
mucous membrane. The different portions of this tract have 
been given different names, as follows: 

First, the mouth. 

Second, the throat. 

Third, the sesophagus, which leads from the throat to the 
stomach and which is about nine inches in length. 

Fourth, the stomach, which is from 10 to 12 inches in 
length and is capable of holding from 3 to 8 pints, according to 
the amount of distension. 

Fifth, the first part of the small bowel, called the duodenum, 
which is 10 to 12 inches in length. 

Sixth, the small bowel, which is about 25 feet in length and 
is capable of holding about 15 pints. 

Seventh, the large bowel, which is 5 or 6 feet in length and 
is capable of holding about 8 pints, but, moderately distended, 
will hold twice that amount. 

The mouth is designed for the mechanical division of food 
and the first step in digestion, called insalivation. The aesophagus 
conveys the food to the stomach. The stomach is simply a dila- 
tation of the canal, being that part of the tract where some of 
the principal digestive changes are produced and in which the 
partial reduction and solution of the food takes place. In the 
small bowel the digestive changes are rendered more complete 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 9 1 

and the nutritive principles of the food are separated and absorbed 
into the circulation, the unused portion being passed on into the 
large bowel as waste material and, in health, eliminated from the 
system. Excessive and rapid eating, drinking of strong tea and 
coffee and the excessive use of the various alcoholic liquors, fol- 
lowed by indigestion and a lack of elimination together with con- 
sequent degenerative changes and the absorption of many poisons, 
are responsible for most of our ills. 

The glands of the mouth furnish one kind of digestive fer- 
ment, those of the stomach three kinds, and those of the small 
bowel several other kinds. (See Digestion). There is little 
or no digestive fluid furnished by the glands of the large bowel. 

The mucous membrane which lines the digestive tract and 
the various glands which it contains is a delicate structure, and was 
not designed by Nature to suffer the abuse and neglect to which 
it is often subjected. The coats of the small bowel are very thin. 
Commencing just below the duodenum, or about one foot below 
the stomach, the small bowel is so thin that a newspaper may be 
read through it. 

The digestive tract is subject to many diseases, which are 
usually described under separate heads, but which for conveni- 
ence and clearness are here described together. Strictly speak- 
ing, they are not different diseases, but different stages of the 
same disease — different stages of the same inflammatory process 
— and that is why it seems advisable to group them together. 

The following are some of the different terms applied to the 
different stages of the disease found in the digestive tract: 

Diarrhea. — This is a morbid condition marked by frequent 
movements and an increased amount of fluid eliminated. The 
mucous membrane is congested and presents a catarrhal condi- 
tion. 

Inflammation of the Bowels. — This is a catarrhal inflam- 
mation of the mucous membrane of the bowels accompanied with 
fever, soreness and frequent movement. It is sometimes called 
Catarrhal Diarrhea. It is said to be confined more to the large 
bowel, but, like dysentery, it includes more or less of the small 
bowel. The mucous membrane is swollen and presents a catar- 
rhal appearance. The swelling may be so great that vessels 
rupture and blood appears in the eliminations. The glands are 
swollen and elevated and show a strong tendency to ulcerate. The 
condition of the mucous membrane may be considered a stage 
between diarrhea and dysentery. 

Dysentery. — This is an inflammation of the mucous mem- 
brane of the large bowel particularly, but also includes more or 
less of the small bowel. Dysentery is sometimes called Bloody 



92 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Flux, because during these attacks some small blood vessels in the 
mucous membrane may rupture and blood appear in the elimina- 
tions, but this same evidence of inflammation may and often does 
occur in bowel difficulties which are known by other names. This 
is only an aggravated case of diarrhea. The disease extends all 
the way from a mild form of inflammation to the more serious 
condition where the inflammation is so great that nutrition is 
shut off, ulcers form and parts of the mucous membrane slough 
away. 

Cause. — The cause of diarrhea is indigestion, constipation, or 
both. Diarrhea usually occurs during the summer months 
because the system is weakened and relaxed by the heat. This is 
especially true of children as they have not sufficient vitality and 
physical strength to withstand its effects. Again, people drink 
more during the summer; this favors free action of the bowels, 
and may interfere with digestion, especially if taken soon after 
meals. Another important reason is found in the amount of 
unripe fruit that is eaten. Unripe fruit contains' starch, which 
is converted into glucose or fruit sugar during the process of 
ripening. A considerable quantity of this sugar in some kinds of 
fruits is what gives them their sweet taste. Uncooked starch is 
not digestible and acts as an irritant in the digestive tract, thus 
stimulating increased activity. This form of diarrhea is usually 
acute, but the inflammation is mild and tends to early recovery. 
At other seasons of the year constipation is the rule, because the 
heat is replaced by a bracing atmosphere and the many varieties 
of green fruit are not indulged in. 

The' stages of diarrhea known as Inflammation of the Bowels 
and Dysentery are the result of unhealthy conditions that 
have existed for some time. First, the morbid effects cause 
only congestion, and this passes unnoticed into a mild form of 
inflammation before the diarrhea begins. The mucous membrane 
has become unhealthy to the extent that degenerative changes 
have made their appearance. Distributed throughout the mucous 
membrane are little thimble -shaped depressions called glands, 
which open into the bowel. Before dysentery begins these become 
swollen and choked with unhealthy secretions until they are ready 
to break down and ulcerate. With the increased inflammation 
there is increased distension of the blood vessels and increased 
exudate from the swollen glands. When the unhealthy secre- 
tions from the diseased glands and other products of inflammation 
reach a certain point, the irritation, acting as a stimulus, causes 
increased action, resulting in dysentery. These cases do not 
recover as rapidly as simple diarrhea because a greater derange- 
ment precedes the attack, yet, as stated, all of these so-called 
diseases are but different stages of the same inflammatory pro- 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



93 



cess. Following constipation, there is more pressure, hence 
more soreness, and the disease is of longer duration because it 
comes on gradually and the morbid changes in the mucous mem- 
brane reach greater proportions before giving evidence of the 
conditions present. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms in a mild case of Diarrhea may be 
colicky pains and a little nausea, and there may also be some 
headache and a feeling of languor; the inflammation is slight as 
there has been no structural change in the mucous membrane, 
and the symptoms largely disappear with thorough elimination. 
With simple diarrhea there is no fever present in the beginning. 
This form of the disease usually lasts three or four days. The 
movements are frequent and include large quantities of water, 
showing the distension of the blood vessels from which the water 
was drained. The odor is bad. In many of these cases food, show- 
ing but little or no effects of digestion, is eliminated. This is due 
to the unhealthy condition of the bowel. The mucous membrane 
lining the bowel is swollen and presents a catarrhal condition. 
There is no rupture of small vessels and blood does not appear. 

If there is a burning or scalding sensation, it shows that the 
inflammation has progressed a step further. The eliminations 
now present a greenish appearance, the odor is increased, and the 
mucous secretions thicken more or less as the disease advances. 

This disease occurring in children makes them irritable; they 
cry a great deal, are peevish, fretful, and appear to suffer consid- 
erably. They vomit easily, and the eliminations contain undi- 
gested food, also curdy lumps if the child drinks milk. These 
lumps are formed of that part of the milk called caseine, or milk 
albumen. 

Chronic Diarrhea may follow frequent attacks of acute. In 
chronic diarrhea the symptoms are all aggravated, and the change 
in the mucous membrane resembles that found in dysentery. Both 
the mucous membrane and the submucous or deeper tissues pre- 
sent a catarrhal condition. There is an abundance of mucus 
furnished by the glands mentioned. Many of these glands break 
down and small ulcers form, hence pus may also appear. Chronic 
diarrhea, inflammation of the bowels and dysentery are most 
marked in the large bowel, although more or less of the small 
bowel is included. 

As any of these forms of disease continue, the whole thick- 
ness of the mucous membrane becomes involved and the number 
of glands that are broken down and converted into ulcers are 
increased, and not only the mucous membrane, but the outer 
portion of the bowel may become involved and form adhesions to 
the surrounding structures.. 



94 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

First the mucous membrane, and the connective tissue 
beneath which joins it to the muscular layer, slough away 
in large patches, and the whole thickness of the bowel becomes 
infiltrated with blood and serum, which presents more or less a 
dark hue by reason of the continued congestion and inflammation. 
The bowel is swollen and thickened as the result of new tissue 
growth. Eater the contraction of this tissue tends to close the 
ulcers, thus permanently destroying many of the glands, and the 
walls of the bowels are more or less thinned as a result of the 
contraction of the new tissue and the destruction of the natural. 
The contraction is not uniform, hence the bowel presents an 
unequal diameter; in some places it is narrowed, and in others, 
dilated. It contains mucus, pus, and other products of inflam- 
mation. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment of any and all forms of diarrhea or dysentery 
is not difficult, and is practically the same, because all forms pre- 
sent characteristics more or less in common. Dosage should be 
regulated according to age, but otherwise the treatment for 
infant, child or adult is the same. 

First, secure thorough elimination. For this purpose Castor 
Oil, Epsom Salts or Rochelle Salts are most frequently used, and 
their frequency is in the order named. One large dose of either 
may be given, although several small doses of the Salts frequently 
repeated will perhaps act more thoroughly. The Castor Oil is 
most rapid and certain in its action, therefore would be preferable 
if the case was urgent. Castor Oil, however, is very nauseating 
to many, hence we recommend in its stead Eaxol (see Index), 
which is nearly ioo per cent, pure Castor Oil, with the taste of 
the Oil disguised. Those who prefer to buy it will find it at any 
drug store. 

With the Salts the action depends more upon the large 
amount of water they attract into the bowel from the congested 
or inflamed mucous membrane, hence their effects are more cool- 
ing, and for this reason they would be the better remedy in 
inflammation. The Salts also produce more or less nausea. For 
some years past we have used in their place the Seidlitz Salts 
manufactured by the Abbott Alkaloidal Co. of Ravenswood, 
Chicago, Illinois. This preparation is 98 per cent. Epsom Salts, 
the other two per cent, being of such a nature as to render the 
compound effervescing and pleasant to take. From a teaspoonful 
to a tablespoonful of the Salts may be taken every morning, or as 
needed. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 95 

Calomel is another excellent remedy. In making this state- 
ment we realize that there is much prejudice against this drug. 
It may be taken in one dose of 5 to 10 grains, or ^-grain doses 
may be taken one hour apart until the bowel? move freely. 

The laxatives mentioned are for the purpose of freeing the 
digestive tract of irritating substances, and should be followed by 
antiseptics. For this purpose we especially recommend the 
following: 

Ten grains of Salol every three hours, or the same amount of 
the Sulphocarbolates of Iyime, Zinc and Soda combined; or if the 
movements are very frequent and it is desired to control this 
particular feature, give Sulphocarbolate of Zinc alone — 5 grains 
every two hours. The preparation of Zinc is astringent while the 
combination or Salol is not; otherwise there is no difference. In 
either case the purpose is to render the digestive tract clean and 
healthy. These remedies stop fermentation and render ulcers 
and other unhealthy surfaces clean and wholesome. As soon as 
there is improvement, give less often — perhaps two or three times 
a day. 

The main thought to keep in mind is cleanliness. Ulcers or 
any degenerative changes in the digestive tract should be treated 
the same as on the surface. For this purpose, the Sulpho- 
carbolates of I^ime, Zinc and Soda combined, or Salol, are the 
best remedies. Regulate the dose and the treatment for infants, 
children and adults is the same. 

Arsenite of Copper is another remedy of value and may be 
given in doses of T ^ of a grain every two to four hours. Half 
this amount, 7 J ¥ of a grain, may be given either with the Sulpho- 
carbolates or the Salol. The tablets are most convenient. 

The following remedy will check fermentation, relieve the 
congestion of the mucous membrane and free its surface of 
unhealthy secretions, stimulate digestion and regulate movement. 
It is a valuable remedy for many cases of bowel troubles that 
occur in summer, and especially so with children: 

Carbonate of Soda 1 drachm 

Wine of Ipecac 1 " 

Fluid Hydrastus 6 " 

Syrup of Rhubarb sufficient to make 4 ounces. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful every 2 to 4 hours, 
as indicated by the condition of the bowels. 
Give a dose of Laxol before commencing this 
remedy. 

Fever may be present with both inflammation of the bowels 
and dysentery. If it is, the foregoing treatment will be ideal, as 
it is aimed directly at the cause, i. e. , the unhealthy condition of 
the bowels. Additional treatment for the fever consists of Aco- 



96 favorite, medical receipts. 

nite and Veratrum in one-drop doses every hour or two. A better 
remedy for fever resulting from inflammation of the bowels is the 
following: 

Fluid Extract of Ipecac 10 drops. 

Tincture of Aconite 10 " 

Glycerine ]/ z ounce. 

Water enough to make 4 " 

Dose: — 1 teaspoonful every hour. 

If there is much pain and restlessness with children, give 
Codeine. For a child one year old, -§V of a grain two or three 
times a day is usually sufficient. For adults where there is pain 
and soreness due to inflammation or dysentery, give one grain of 
Opium. One or two doses a day are usually sufficient. Opium is 
constipating and this effect must be overcome by Laxol, Seidlitz 
Salts, or some other remedy. It is generally understood that in 
inflammation of the bowels and dysentery the pain and soreness 
are marked. We have seen many cases where the pain and sore- 
ness were severe in an ordinary case of diarrhea, and have seen 
chronic cases free from both. 

In many cases of bowel trouble there is rapid emaciation, 
because digestion and assimilation are interfered with to such an 
extent that the patient receives but little nourishment; hence 
the question of diet is an important one. In simple diarrhea, if 
all food is stopped for 24 hours it will be of great benefit to the 
patient, and then only such food should be allowed as is easily 
digested, and should be taken in rather small amounts for a few 
days. Milk, or milk and lime water, equal parts, is perhaps best 
of all. Next are toast, boiled rice and meat broths. The less 
solid food taken the better. In chronic cases, toast, meat broths, 
soft cooked eggs and other concentrated foods that are easily 
digested should be taken. 

Diarrhea.— Remedies Recommended. — 

A. Give a little hot brandy sling. Take the bark of Black- 
berry roots and leaves and steep up and make a strong decoction. 
Drink this freely, but avoid other drinks as much as possible, 
especially cold water. A little grated nutmeg may be put into 
the tea, and it may be sweetened with loaf sugar if desired. 

B. Paregoric 4 drachms. 

Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb 3 " 

Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia 2 " 

Subnitrate of Bismuth 2 " 

Blackberry Wine enough to make.. 4 ounces. 

Dose; 2 teaspoonfuls (bottle well shaken) in 
a little water every three hours. — (22). 

C. Arsenate of Copper jfo grain. 

Water 8 ounces. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 97 

Dose; 1 teaspoonful every ten to twenty- 
minutes till relieved, 

or, 

Paregoric 1 ounce. 

Tincture Red Pepper 1 drachm. 

Subnitrate of Bismuth }4 

Syrup 4 ounces. 

Mix, and take teaspoonful every half hour 
until relieved. — (46). 

D. Tincture of Rhubarb 1 ounce. 

Spirits of Camphor % " 

Laudanum y z " 

Tincture of Ginger y z 

Essence of Cinnamon l / z " 

Tincture of Capsicum J^t " 

Mix, and shake when using. 

Dose: One-half teaspoonful, on sugar or in a 
little sweetened water. In severe cases repeat 
every 30 minutes until relief from pain is' ob- 
tained, then every hour or two as needed until 
the evacuations are lessened and improved in 
appearance. 

B . Tincture of Aconite 5 to 10 drops. 

Tincture of Ipecac 15 drops. 

Water 4 ounces. 

Dose: 1 teaspoonful every hour. — (77). 

F. Dr. Owen reports a case of a friend of his who cured 
himself of a most obstinate diarrhea of several months standing, 
after trying everything else he could hear of, simply by eating 
once a day, as his dinner, a slice of raw bacon, a raw onion and 
plenty of salt, and bread. It required only two weeks to effect 
the cure. The doctor adds: "The remedy is not bad to take if 
one is hungry." 

Diarrhea of Old Age. — Sometimes with old people there is 
a relaxed condition of the bowels that causes diarrhea. These 
cases are not frequent, but are occasionally met, and the treat- 
ment especially recommended for them is as follows: 

Sulphate of Strychnine % grain. 

Hyoscyamine 1-10 " 

Sulphocarbolate of Zinc 24 " 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir 2 " 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful every two or three hours until there is 
improvement, then less often. 

Inflammation of the Bowels.— -Remedies Recommended. 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Evacuate the bowels, if 
possible, with an injection of soapsuds, as hot as can be borne. 
Put the patient to bed and cover the bowels either with cloths 
7 



98 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

wrung out of the hot decoction of some bitter herb, such as May- 
weed or Smartweed steeped up, or with a poultice made of Flax- 
seed meal. Or cloths may be wrung out of hot water alone. 
The hot applications afford relief, but if the pain is very severe 
and there is any Laudanum in the house, from 8 to 12 drops 
may be given, if an adult. 

A. Warm poultices to the abdomen. Half teaspoonful doses 
of Epsom Salts every two hours till the discharges are frequent. 
Milk diet. Laudanum or Paregoric to relieve pain. — (9). 

B. Keep the bowels moving, and apply hot flannel cloths 
with flannel binder around the abdomen. — (17). 

C. Give tablespoonful of Epsom Salts in goblet of hot water. 
Apply hot fomentations. Insure absolute rest in bed and send 
for a doctor. — (14). 

Dysentery. — Remedies Recommended. 

What to Do Before Calling a Doctor. — In the first place give 
Castor Oil according to age: for a child, a teaspoonful with 1 
to 2 drops of Laudanum; for an adult, a tablespoonful of the 
Oil with from 10 to 15 drops of Laudanum. Hot brandy sling is 
good. A most excellent remedy is a tea made from Blackberry 
roots: Take a small handful of the roots, put into a dish and 
steep, and let the patient drink freely of it. If for a child, it may 
be sweetened by adding loaf or white sugar. 

In country districts remote from a physician the physic may 
be followed with a tea made of the bark of White Oak — the young 
growth, or saplings. Steep it, add a few drops of the Spirits of 
Camphor, and give a teaspoonful to a dose, repeating every three 
or four hours. The Oak tea should not be given until the physic 
has operated. The Blackberry tea may be given from the start. 

The diet should be of the mildest and most nourishing kind, 
as boiled milk with a bit of flour thickening, making a kind of 
porridge, or thickened milk, rice boiled in milk, or rice flour, if it 
can be obtained, scalded with water then boiled in milk, or boiled 
milk with bread crumbled in it, until the strength begins to mend, 
then avoid everything likely to produce a relapse, which is almost 
always worse than the first attack. 

A. Dover's Powder y 2 drachni. 

Subnitrate of Bismuth x / 2 ounce. 

Salol y 2 drachm. 

Mix , divide into twelve powders and take 
one every hour or two. — (46). 

B. Empty bowels by Oil or Salts in small doses. Give adult 
5 to 10 drops of Laudanum in one teaspoonful of Castor Oil every 
two to four hours. — (13). 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



99 



C. Give hot starch injections and encourage free perspira- 
tion.— (5). 

D. 10 drops of Laudanum in a tablespoonful of Castor Oil. 
Very plain diet. Drink hot salt water (teaspoonful to the pint). 
Wash the bowels out with hot soapsuds. — (7). 

E. Dysentery of Small Children. — Dr. Hall reports his success 
with dysentery of small children. His treatment is so uniform 
that it is only necessary to give one case to have a general under- 
standing of it. "A child of eight months had diarrhea, com- 
mencing in the morning, but in the evening the stools became 
small and bloody, attended with tenesmus (straining). Pulse 130 
and hard, surface hot, very restless, nausea with occasional 
retching. Discharges about every ten minutes. Child regarded 
by the parents as in a dangerous condition, one having died in 
the same house from the same disease the week previous. 

" Prescribed at 11 p. m.: 

Tincture of Aconite 5 drops. 

Tincture of Ipecac 15 " 

Water 4 ounces. 

Dose.— A teaspoonful every hour. 

" No dysenteric discharges after 4 a. m. next morning, and 
the child was well the second day." 

The Ipecac is believed to be certain, or specific, in its action 
upon mucous surfaces — the internal surface of the intestines is 
mucus — and the Aconite lowers the circulation and thus reduces 
fever. A child 2 to 4 years old might be given twice the amount. 
An adult might take a tablespoonful as a dose. 

DIPHTHERIA. — Diphtheria is an acute communicable 
disease characterized by the formation of a false membrane upon 
certain mucous surfaces, especially of the tonsils and throat. Like 
other inflammations it varies in severity, ranging from a mild to 
a severe form. In the mild forms there is little constitutional 
disturbances; in the severe forms there is great prostration and 
heart weakness. It is often followed by paralysis of the throat. 
A severe case is one of the most dreaded diseases of childhood. 
Though often epidemic, it is always present in large cities . 

Cause. — Diphtheria is due to a certain specific poison. Some 
claim this poison is "the result of germ action, and others claim 
that it is a constitutional disease. 

The period of inoculation is from two to five days. Second 
attacks are very common. 

Symptoms. — There is considerable variance in the intensity 
of the symptoms and the development of the disease. It may 
begin mildly with a sensation of chilliness followed by slight 

L0F& 



100 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

fever, indisposition, and some uneasiness in swallowing. Or the 
onset may be severe, a chill being followed with great febrile 
reaction, swallowing becoming painful, the limbs aching and the 
prostration being marked. 

The first local symptom is a redness of one or both tonsils, 
accompanied with a swelling of the glands at the angle of the 
jaw. After this redness comes an exudation which gradually 
forms a membranous tissue covering more or less the surface of 
the tonsils. The membrane may extend to the nasal passages, 
giving rise to an offensive discharge from the nose of a thin, 
serous fluid, slightly tinged with blood. The disease may also 
extend from the throat along the Kustacian tubes to the middle 
ear and cause deafness. In such cases the tympanum, or outer 
membrane, may be perforated, and there may be caries (death) of 
the bones of the ear. The membrane formed in the throat is 
usually of a grayish or leathery color, which, if removed, leaves a 
raw and bleeding surface — a characteristic feature of a diphtheritic 
membrane as distinguished from whitish patches that may form in the 
throat in other affections. Not infrequently portions of this 
membrane are expectorated, and in severe cases ulceration and 
sloughing also occur. The odor arising from the putrid secre- 
tions in diphtheria is exceedingly offensive. 

Nausea, vomiting or bleeding at the nose, when occurring 
late in the disease, paralysis before the exudate (membrane) 
disappears, subnormal temperature and all complications are 
unfavorable. Also convulsions occurring late are unfavorable, 
while as ushering-in symptoms they are of no especial significance. 
Diphtheria paralysis is usually recovered from, though paralysis 
of the heart may occur when least expected. Even after the 
danger seems past, the child while at play may by reason of 
sudden effort topple over dead, and for this reason should be kept 
quiet during convalescence. Paralysis of the muscles of respira- 
tion or of the diaphragm give rise to grave symptoms. Complica- 
tions may prove fatal by their attack upon other organs, as the 
kidneys, liver or brain. Paralysis of the muscles of the throat 
may cause fluids to pass out through the nose. Imperfect closure 
of the epiglottis may allow food to enter the trachea (windpipe) . 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Diphtheria is generally 
confined to childhood. If the disease is prevalent and any mem- 
ber of the family complains of "sore throat," be on guard. It 
may prove to be only a sore throat from taking cold, but diphtheria 
generally commences in that way. The first thing the child com- 
plains of is that his throat feels sore, that it hurts him to swallow, 
or perhaps that his throat pains him. First give a cathartic. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 101 

Squeeze out the juice from lemons and stir in sulphur until you 
have it about the consistency of thick cream. Give the child a 
little 'in his mouth every half hour and have him swallow it. 
Keep watch of the throat, and if the lining membrane, that is, the 
inside of the throat, assumes an ash-colored hue, put him to bed, 
in a room by himself, and keep others away; keep him warm and 
send immediately for your doctor. Bathe the throat with Cam- 
phorated Oil, putting on the Oil pretty freely and afterwards 
wrapping with a flannel cloth. Give all the lemonade he can 
drink. 

An excellent gargle for diphtheric sore throat is made of the 
Chlorate of Potash and the Sulphite of Soda, put up in powders 
of twenty grains of the Potash to ten grains of the Soda. Put one 
of these powders into a common goblet, fill two-thirds full of hot 
water, so as to dissolve it, and gargle the throat every two or 
three hours. Have the child gargle as low down as possible, and 
occasionally let him swallow a quarter of a teaspoonful — just 
enough to moisten the membranes of the throat — especially if he 
cannot gargle well. If he cannot gargle and it is necessary to 
use a swab, take Glycerine and Carbolic Acid, 15 parts Glycerine 
to one part Carbolic Acid, or say 15 drops of Carbolic Acid to one 
ounce of Glycerine, and swab the throat with that. 

A. Carbolic Acid, full strength 15 drops. 

Chlorate of Potash 1 drachm. 

Tincture of Myrrh 1 " 

Oil of Wintergreen 5 drops. 

Mix, and add slowly by trituration (stirring 
rapidly) four ounces of honey. 

Dose. — Give child one tablespoonful every 
half hour, if the case is severe. This remedy 
has proven very successful in the treatment 
of diphtheria and those who use it will find 
the results most satisfactory. 

The food should be of the most nourishing kind, milk, eggs, 
beef, broths, toast, etc. Small amounts must be given at frequent 
intervals day and night. 

If there is discharge from the nose, spray the- cavities with 
Peroxide of Hydrogen, and spray the throat with the same 
remedy. Sleep should not interfere with treatment, either 
medicinal or feeding. 

Antitoxin is considered by many a specific for diphtheria, 
and is quite generally used, but can be administered only by a 
physician. 

B. Bathe the throat internally and externally with ordinary 
coal oil. Give Sulphur mixed in molasses, and if improvement 
is not soon apparent, send for your doctor. — (17). 



102 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

C. Iodide of Potash 2 drachms. 

Whiskey 4 ounces. 

Mix, and give teaspoonful every four hours. 

Give Antitoxin as soon as the disease is diagnosed. 

Give teaspoonful of Salt in y 2 glass of warm water every 
three to four hours, and at the same time give 3 to 10 drops of 
the Tincture of Digitalis in water three times daily, according to 

age.— (46). 

Note. — If the salt solution causes nausea, lessen or omit that part of 
the treatment. 

D. Diphtheria Antitoxin, first and last. Throat disinfected 
with Hydrogen Peroxide sprayed, full strength. — (60). 

E. Antitoxin. Calomel cathartic — from 1 to 5 grains of 
Calomel, according to age. Use disinfectant gargle. Patient 
ordinarily well in four or five days. — (54). 

F. Iodide of Mercury, first dilution. Give 2 tablets every 
two hours. Chlorinated I^ime Water, give 2 drops in water every 
two hours. Alternate the two remedies. Use Alcohol for gar- 
gling, and as strong as possible. Make patient eat the most 
nourishing foods. Do not use Antitoxin unless it is known to 
be fresh and pure. — (18) — Homeopathic. 

G. Report of two cases where Phytolacca was used as treat- 
ment: 

1. "Mrs. B., 31. Nov. 16th. Throat commenced to feel 
sore in morning, followed by high fever all day, right tonsil very 
much swollen; at noon commenced to see substance forming on 
the tonsil. Was called 10 p. m., found right tonsil covered com- 
pletely with pseudo- membrane, fauces and soft palate very much 
inflamed, deglutition almost impossible, loss of appetite, great 
frontal headache, bowels moved every two hours, with severe pain 
in umbilical regions, great prostration, vertigo" (dizziness) "so 
great she could not walk. Pulse 127, soft. Gave Phytolacca 
4 drops every hour, and a gargle of same every hour, consisting 
of 50 drops in tumbler water. 18th, very much better; pulse, 
100, throat did not feel near so sore, false membrane began 
to come off, back and limbs ached but slightly, headache nearly 
gone; continued same treatment three days. Discharged her 
cured. Diarrhea stopped second day." 

2. "Mrs. G., 21, nursing a babe. Dec. nth, throat com- 
menced to feel sore, very restless night. 12th, slight headache 
with severe pain in back and legs, very chilly all the time, throat 
very sore, both tonsils very much swollen and covered in patches 
with dark-colored pseudo-membrane, deglutition" (swallowing) 
"very difficult, face very much flushed, great prostration, could not 
sit up any, so faint and weak, bowels regular. Gave Phytolacca 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



103 



4 drops every Y 2 hour, with gargle of same. 13th, felt very 
much better; fever all gone, back and legs did not ache any, 
throat felt very sore, tonsils very red and swollen, covered in 
patches with the pseudo- exudation, deglutition very painful. 
Continued same treatment once an hour. 14th, felt quite well; 
pseudo-membrane off from both tonsils, large holes eaten into 
tonsils, could swallow quite well. Continued same treatment 
every two hours, discharged her cured next day. Babe nursed 
her throughout, did not take disease." 

LARYNGEAL DIPHTHERIA— CROUP, TRUE OR 
MEMBRANOUS. — For many years the medical fraternity has 
been divided as to the identity of membranous croup and diph- 
theria, but to-day most physicians consider them one and the 
same. 

The treatment and general care of the child is the same as 
that already given under Diphtheria. 

DROPSY. — Dropsy is not a disease, but a symptom. It is 
a result of disease and indicates a serious condition of the 
health. It consists of an effusion of the watery part of the 
blood into a cavity, or into the loose connective tissue which 
envelops the body and lies just beneath the skin. In the latter 
case it is called Anasarca. Occurring in the abdominal cavity, it 
is called Ascites; in the chest cavity, Hydrothorax; in the brain, 
Hydrocephalus ; in the sac which surrounds the heart, Hydro- 
Pericardium. The two latter seldom occur. Hydrocephalus, or 
Water on the Brain, is a disease of infancy. Swelling is the 
universal evidence of dropsy. Dropsy always depends upon 
obstruction of the return circulation. The obstruction may be 
due to tumors, inflammation acute or chronic, or may be due to 
a weak heart. When due to tumor or inflammation, it is 
localized, that is, the return circulation being blocked, the blood 
is forced back, oozes out through the veins, and is found in the 
nearest cavity or tissue. Dropsy may result from Bright' s dis- 
ease. In health the kidneys contain a large amount of blood. 
During inflammation the blood cannot circulate through them, 
but is forced back toward the heart. At first the force of the 
heart beat is increased to overcome the extra demands made upon 
it, but later the heart may become diseased and weakened, when 
the return circulation will be correspondingly slow. Oedema is a 
term often applied to swelling or localized dropsy occurring just 
beneath the skin. Inflammatory swellings are sometimes spoken 
of as oedematous. 

Dropsy may also affect other smaller cavities of the body, 
deriving its name therefrom, as Dropsy of the Testicle , called 
Hydrocele. 



104 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatments . — 

A. If due to tumor, remove the growth; if due to inflamma- 
tion, weak heart or Bright' s disease, see treatment under those 
heads. In all cases relieve as far as possible by keeping the 
bowels active. Water may be drawn from the abdomen, chest or 
any other cavity by inserting a trocar. This is a hollow needle 
and the water drains through it. It will be understood, of 
course, that this simply relieves the patient but does not cure. 
The only cure is removal of the cause, and this may be difficult 
or impossible. 

B. One of the best remedies for any form of dropsy is Dwarf 
Elder (see chapter on herbs for description and directions). Of 
course, when dropsical symptoms appear, consult a doctor as to 
their nature and cause. 

In the chapter on Herb Remedies will be found many herbs 
that produce a free discharge of urine, and thus help to relieve, 
and in many cases have cured dropsy in some of its forms. 

C. Jalap , yi ounce 

Cream of Tartar i " 

Blaterium, powdered 4 grains. 

Capsicum 1 drachm. 

Mix y and divide into 20 powders. 

Dose. — Take one powder in a little syrup or 
molasses, morning, noon and night, and if this 
does not cause as free a cathartic action as the 
patient can well bear, take another at late bed- 
time, until a free and full cathartic action has 
been brought about, which may be repeated 
every three or four days, as needed. 

D. Is only a symptom of some diseased condition, which, if 
it be possible to remove, the dropsy will disappear. — (14). 

E. Purgative doses of Salts and a purely milk diet. No 
liquor or stimulant drinks. — (7). 

F. Hydrocele. — Draw off the water and inject into the 
sac Tincture of Iodine, diluted one-half with water. — (10). 

G. Hydrocele. — Rest in bed, with support of the parts, and 
cathartic doses of Epsom Salts. — (7). 

H. Hydrocephalus. — For a child a year old, one grain 
Iodide Potassium in a tablespoonful of water, three times a day, 
between meals. — (14). 

DYSENTERY.— (See under Diarrhea). 

DYSMENORRHEA.— (See under Diseases of Women). 
DYSPEPSIA. (See under Stomach Diseases) . 

DYSURIA. — (See under Bladder Diseases). 







'Awi 



No. 2. 

I, Jugular Vein. 2, Artery supplying Face and Scalp. 3, Artery. 4, Vein. 
5, Salivary Duct. 6, Large Artery of Neck. 7, Nerves. 



THE EAR AND ITS DISEASES. 



The ear consists of three parts — the external, middle and 
internal. 

The External Ear. — The external ear is formed of cartilage 
and bone and is covered with skin; the expanded portion is formed 
of cartilage without bone and is popularly recognized as ' 'the ear.' ' 
The border of the external ear gradually verges or approaches 
towards the opening which leads to the middle ear. This opening, 
called the external auditory canal, is about i x A inches in length. 
The first half inch is formed of cartilage; the remaining portion 
is situated in bone, and all is covered or lined with skin which 
becomes more modified as it extends inward. It is supplied with 
numerous glands which secrete or furnish an adhesive yellow and 
bitter substance, the purpose of which is supposed to be the 
entanglement of insects, dust and other foreign bodies. The 
direction of the external canal is inward, forward and a little 
downward. It is narrower in the center than at either end, which 
makes it diflicult to remove foreign bodies that may become lodged 
in it. It is separated from the middle ear by a membrane called 
the tympanic membrane. This membrane is composed of three 
layers : The outer layer is skin, the middle layer is connective 
tissue and forms the framework, and the internal layer is mucous 
membrane. 

The Middle Ear. — The middle portion of the ear is hollow 
and is called the tympanum, meaning a drum. As stated, it is 
separated from the external ear by the tympanic membrane; it is 
separated from the internal ear by a bony partition. This par- 
tition is covered with mucous membrane and contains two open- 
ings, one round and the other oval, and these openings are lined 
with a delicate membrane. Extending across the middle ear is a 
chain of three very small bones held together by a delicate struc- 
ture of cartilage. The inner end of this chain fits into one of the 
openings in the bony partition, and the cartilage blends with that 
lining the opening. The mucous membrane which covers the 
partition is reflected over and covers the entire chain, and blends 
at the outer end of the chain with the tympanic membrane. By 
means of the mucous membrane and the cartilage which sup- 
ports it, the chain is allowed to vibrate back and forth, thus when 
wave sounds are received any jarring of the delicate structures of 
the internal ear is prevented. 

105 



106 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Reading from the middle ear to the throat is a small tube or 
canal called the Eustachian tube after its discoverer. This tube is 
formed of connective tissue and cartilage, and is lined with 
mucous membrane which is continuous with the mucous mem- 
brane of the throat. 

The Internal Ear. — This portion of the ear is sometimes 
called the labyrinth, meaning a winding passage. It is divided 
into three parts: first, the vestibule, or common opening, situated 
next to the middle ear; second, three small canals, each forming 
a half circle with both ends opening into the vestibule; third, the 
cochlea — so-called from its resemblance to a snail shell — which 
also opens into the vestibule. The cochlea is about r /i of an inch 
in length and consists of a central column of bone. This column 
tapers from base to top and is surrounded by a spiral canal which 
makes 2^ turns. The canal, which is divided lengthwise into 
two parts by a thin layer of bone and delicate membrane, is about 
1% inches in length. Its termination resembles the half of an 
inverted funnel cut in two lengthwise. The two parts commu- 
nicate at the top. The lower end of one opens into the vestibule, 
and the lower end of the other extends to the round window in 
the bony partition between the internal and middle ear, but is 
prevented from opening into the middle ear by reason of the 
mucous membrane which covers the window. The vestibule, the 
three half circular canals and the spiral canals of the cochlea, are 
lined with mucous membrane. 

Each of the spiral canals contains a closed membrane in the 
form of a tube. This tube about one-third fills the space. Sur- 
rounding it and filling the balance of the space in the canals is a 
fluid called perilymph. The same kind of fluid fills the tube, and 
is here called endolymph. Covering the outer surface of the wall 
of the cochlea or snail shell is a delicate membrane which follows 
the whole length of the spiral canal. It is composed of cells 
whose arrangement somewhat resembles the key-board of a piano. 
These cells are supplied with delicate hair-like processes. The 
base of the cochlea is about 1 inch in breadth and contains numer- 
ous openings for the passage of the branches of the auditory 
nerve, or nerve of hearing. Upon entering, one-half of this nerve 
goes to supply the vestibule and half -circular canals, and the 
other half ascends the spiral canal in the cochlea and divides into 
delicate filaments or fibers which join the hair-like processes of 
the cells. The different sound waves traveling along the external 
canal are transmitted across the middle ear by the chain of bones, 
communicate with the internal ear and are received by the cells 
forming the key-board. This produces the different tones, and 
the various impressions are conveyed to the brain. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 107 

EARACHE. — Earache is a trouble usually met with in 
children. It may follow taking cold, and is one of the symptoms 
in congestion, inflammation, or suppuration of the middle ear. 
As usually met with, earache is not a serious condition. How- 
ever, it should be remembered that the ear is a very sensitive 
organ, and it requires but very slight pressure to cause pain. As 
stated in the foregoing, the middle ear is lined with mucous mem- 
brane which is continuous from the throat, passing along the 
Eustachian tube, therefore inflammation of the throat may and 
often does extend to the middle ear and cause earache. Inflam- 
mation or abscess in one of the cavities of the mastoid process 
(see Abscess of the Mastoid Process) may cause earache. 

Treatments. — 

A. Earache as ordinarily met should be treated with hot 
applications; hot cloths should be applied to the side of the head, 
or better, cloths wrung out of hot water, or apply hot poultices, 
because moist heat can be applied at a higher temperature than 
dry heat. 

Give internally 5 grains of Bromide of Potash and -^ of a 
grain of Atropine every one or two hours. This dose is suitable 
for a child five years of age. Children are usually restless and 
worry a great deal with this trouble, therefore T V of a grain of 
Codeine should be added to the Atropine and Bromide. In the 
proper dose these remedies are perfectly harmless for small chil- 
dren and even babies. If the child is quiet, omit the Codeine; if 
the face flushes or the pupil of the eye dilates, stop the Atropine. 

If there is evidence of pus, the abscess should be opened at 
once and thoroughly washed out. It will require washing two 
or three times a day with water containing a few drops of Carbolic 
Acid, or some other antiseptic. While opening an abscess in 
the middle ear is a very simple procedure, it requires the services 
of a physician, and he would instruct regarding the antiseptics 
and the after treatment. 

B. Eaudanum poured into the ear. A drop is sufficient. — (7). 

C. Equal parts of Tincture of Opium and Tincture of Bella- 
donna. Drop 5 drops warm into the ear every hour or two if 
necessary. For infant, 2 drops will be sufficient. — (45). 

D. Eaudanum and Sweet Oil, equal parts, warm, dropped 
into the ear. Hen's Oil or Glycerine will do equally as well in 
place of the Sweet Oil. Apply hot salt bag, or bag of hops very 
hot.— (9). 

E. Hydrochlorate of Pilocarpine ^ grain. To be given by 
the mouth. Repeat every hour until there is an increased flow 
of saliva. This is evidence that the child is under the effects. 

-(2). 



108 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Note. — Pilocarpine is preferable to Laudanum, or Opium in any form, in 
treating children, because it does not produce convulsions, and sometimes 
Opium, even in small doses, does produce this trouble. It should be remem- 
bered that Opium is not a suitable remedy for small children. 

F. Mix equal parts of Glycerine and L,audanum, warm, drop 
3 or 4 drops into the ear and apply local heat. 

If child is very restless and there is much pain, give 5 drops 
of Paregoric, or \ of a grain of Codeine. 

CATARRH OF THE EAR.— In health the middle ear 
is filled with air, which is received through the Eustachian tube. 
Respiration creates a constant change of this air. During an 
attack of catarrh the mucous membrane lining the Eustachian 
tube may become so swollen as to completely close the opening. 
Should this occur, the air in the middle ear is sometimes absorbed, 
producing the condition known 2s Dry Catarrh of the middle ear. 
Or, when the tube is closed and swollen, the membrane lining 
the middle ear may continue to pour out a catarrhal exudate 
which is sometimes converted into pus. This would constitute 
an abscess. This may be absorbed or may break through the 
external membrane and discharge through the external canal. 
This is the condition present when people tell you that "the ear 
runs." See treatment "A" under Earache. 

ABSCESS OF THE MASTOID PROCESS.— Situ- 
ated just behind the middle ear is a prominent bone, called the 
mastoid process \ This is filled with large spaces which open into 
and communicate with the middle ear, Eustachian tube and 
throat. Sometimes the catarrhal conditions extend from the 
middle ear into one or more of the large cavities of this bone and 
form an abscess. This would call for the assistance of a surgeon, 
who may find it necessary to make an incision behind the ear, 
drill through the bone and allow the pus to escape. The danger 
of an abscess at this point is that the internal bony partition 
might be destroyed and the inflammation and suppuration pene- 
trate to the brain. 

ECZEMA. — (See under Skin Diseases). 

ENDOCARDITIS.— (See under Heart, Diseases of). 

ENTERIC FEVER. — Enteric Fever means fever caused 
by diseases of the digestive tract. The term may be applied to 
any of the inflammatory processes where fever is present. Typhoid 
Fever is sometimes spoken of as Enteric Fever. 

EPILEPSY. — Epilepsy, often called Falli?ig Sickness, is a 
disease of the nervous system, characterized by attacks of uncon- 
sciousness with or without convulsions, usually with. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



109 



Cause. — A large per cent of the cases begin in childhood, and 
many are of hereditary origin. Chronic alcoholism in the parent 
is believed to be an important factor in producing this disease. 

Disorders of digestion, depression of spirits, loss of vigor, 
a feeling of languor, an unhealthy system and cloudy brain, are 
common in epileptics, thus giving evidence of a lack of nourish- 
ment. Occurring in children and infants, this lack of nourishment 
may be the result of indigestion from improper feeding; or it may 
be the result of hereditary taint — the vitality of the child may 
never have been quite up to the normal. In the latter case diges- 
tion and assimilation would be lowered, and the nervous system 
would be still less able to withstand a faulty diet and the irritat- 
ing effects of retained waste. I^ack of nutrition robs the blood 
of its natural elements. The higher forms of digestion are carried 
on in the circulation, and when the blood is improperly nourished, 
poisons in the form of uric acid, lactic acid, etc., remain in the 
system and produce irritation. 

Especially does this affect the brain as one-fifth of all the 
blood in the body goes to nourish that organ. Receiving five 
times as much blood as any other organ of its size, it must follow 
that any habit or indulgence which impairs digestion and causes 
unhealthy blood must produce a morbid influence upon the brain 
and nervous system, hence the enormous production of nervous 
debility, monomania, hypochondria, insanity, idiocy, and many 
minor ailments, such as rheumatism, neuralgia, headache, mental 
stupor, lack of resolution, etc. Indigestion and retained waste 
irritate the nervous system and produce the different mental, 
nervous and emotional states known as hysteria, nervousness, 
melancholia, and other depressions and hallucinations. This is 
the foundation upon which epilepsy stands. Dynamite may be 
struck once or a thousand times if the blows are light enough, 
but sooner or later it will explode: The irritation produced by 
dyspepsia may be stored up for a time, but sooner or later it too will 
explode. It will accumulate in the central nervous system, the 
brain and spinal cord until they are surcharged, and at the first 
opportunity it will break forth and its power for a time be irre- 
sistible, as in an epileptic fit. 

Symptoms. — As a rule epileptic fits come on without warning 
symptoms. In some cases, however, they are preceded, perhaps 
for a day or two, with a feeling of fullness in the head, giddiness, 
and specks floating before the eyes; in other cases the attack is 
preceded by a voracious appetite. There may be no immediate 
warning, or there may be a sharp cry or an unusual, animal-like 
sound. The patient falls unconscious and sometimes writhes 
in convulsions. In some cases the patient is conscious of a ting- 
ling sensation, or a feeling like a cold draught, which seems to 



I io FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Start in the fingers or toes and works its way rapidly upward, 
unconsciousness coming on as it reaches the throat or head. The 
countenance is livid, swollen and distorted; the tongue is often 
thrust from the mouth, and not infrequently lacerated with the 
teeth; respiration is impeded; foam issues from the mouth; the 
eyelids are partly open, the ej^eballs starting out, and the pupil 
is fixed and insensible to the stimulus of light. 

These symptoms, which indicate a severe attack, remit pres- 
ently, but may be followed with another and perhaps severer fit, 
or with a succession of fits; or the convulsions and other symp- 
toms may gradually diminish after the first fit, leaving the patient 
in a state of stupor from which he sinks into a deep sleep, awaken- 
ing as from ordinary slumber and without consciousness of what 
has occurred. 

There is little probability of a cure if the disease has run for 
a number of years, or if the patient has been afflicted since birth; 
but the attempt should be made in all cases. 

Treatments. — 

A. Take a solution of the following: 

Bromide of Potash 2 grains. 

Bromide of Ammonia 2 " 

Dissolve in a tablespoonful of water and 
repeat three times a day. Or, take an ounce of 
each of the above, put into a dish that will 
hold a quart, pour in warm water and dissolve, 
and give a tablespoonful three times a day, 
which will be about two grains of each to the 
dose. 

B. The bromides and other sedatives may be valuable in many 
cases of epilepsy, and undoubtedly exert a temporary benefit upon 
all cases, yet it is doubtful if their continued use is helpful. They 
cover over, but do not remove the cause; their use produces a 
temporary effect only. Taken habitually, they slowly, but surely, 
weaken the nervous system, lower vitality, and aid in reducing 
physical strength. 

Those who have studied the question of epilepsy believe 
that with attention to diet and elimination a cure may be effected. 
We all know that drug medication is disappointing and that 
operations are useless. All forms have been tried. If injury 
should drive a sliver or bone into the skull, or cause other brain 
pressure, an operation might relieve and effect a cure; but epilepsy 
is seldom caused by injury. 

ERUCTATIONS. — Eructations are the result of gases 
formed in the stomach and indicate that there is undigested food 
present, which means dyspepsia. The gas, not being able 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 1 1 

to escapa along the digestive tract, is expelled by the mouth. 
Those troubled with eructations should pay close attention to 
diet and, if needed, some artificial digestant may be taken for a 
short time. Regarding diet, if the eructations are sour, avoid 
starchy foods as they produce acids; if there is a greasy taste in 
the mouth, avoid fats; if there is an odor indicating any article of 
food eaten or drank, such articles should be avoided. 

Treatment. — 

For the indigestion we recommend the following : 

Scale Pepsin (i to 3000) 2 drachms. 

Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid...... 15 drops. 

Glycerine 1 ounce. 

Simple Elixir 2 ounces. 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful after each 
meal. 

ERYSIPELAS. — Erysipelas is an acute inflammatory 
disease, usually confined to the skin, but may affect the deeper 
tissues. When extending to the deeper structures, it is called 
phlegmonous. 

Cause. — Due to a specific ferment. See cause of Small-Pox. 
The disease is not contagious. 

Symptoms. — The disease usually comes on with a chill, though 
in many cases the chill is absent. There is moderate fever, full 
pulse, and there may be headache. The affected part becomes 
red and swollen. The swelling may be smooth, tense and glis- 
tening, or may begin as bright red spots which join as the 
swelling increases. The swelling is so great and the circulation 
is interfered with to such an extent that it has a peculiar dark 
hue. The face is quite a usual seat of the disease, and when 
occurring there the swelling frequently closes the eyes. The 
inflamed surface may be covered with a rash; vesicles of quite 
large size may appear and become filled with a watery fluid; the 
urine may contain albumen. The disease usually lasts about one 
week. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do. — If it is a bad case, send for a doctor. In the 
meantime, wring cloths out of sour buttermilk, or, what is still 
better, make a cranberry poultice and bind on. To do this, 
simply crush the cranberries and bind on with cloths. Paint 
around the outside of the eruption with Tincture of Iodine. 

A. Painting the surface with Tincture of Iodine is said to 
check the spread of the disease in some cases. Some claim that 
active cathartics followed by Pilocarpine in y& grain doses every 
hour until there is free perspiration, is a specific treatment. The 



112 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Pilocarpine should be continued until the symptoms disappear, 
the dose being lessened as the disease subsides. Pilocarpine should 
only be given when the patient is strong and robust. 

B. We believe the best treatment for Erysipelas is the follow- 
ing: First wash the inflamed surface with soap and water, then 
with Boric Acid and water — 25 grains of Boric Acid to the ounce 
of water. Wipe dry and apply equal parts of Ichthyol and 
Glycerine, and cover with a light bandage. Dress twice a day, 
washing the surface clean each time before making the application 
of Ichthyol. Internally, give 5 drops Fowler's Solution four 
times a day. The advantage of using the Glycerine and Ichthyol 
is that both are easily removed before making a new application. 
Ichthyol and Vaseline, or other excipient, may be used if desired. 
If there is sleeplessness, Sulfonal in from 5 to 10 grain doses, Phen- 
acetine in from 5 to 10 grain doses, Chloral in from 10 to 20 grain 
doses, or the Bromides in from 20 to 40 grain doses, may be 
given. The Chloral or Bromides should be given in plenty of 
water. If Glycerine or Sugar is added to the water, it will 
improve the taste. In the strong a low diet is advised. Some- 
times erysipelas attacks the weak and emaciated, those suffering 
from chronic disease. In this case the eruptions are pale, tem- 
perature low and vitality depressed. These cases need stimulants 
and tonics. Give 20 to 30 drops of Tincture of Chloride of Iron 
after meals. The diet should be nutritious. Ichthyol and 
Fowler's Solution may be used in all cases. 

C. Ichthyol Ointment 1 ounce. 

Vaseline 1 " 

Mix, and apply locally. 

Give 10 drops Tincture of Iron internally 
every two hours. Keep bowels open with 
Salts.— (46). 

D. Ichthyol 2% ounces. 

Colodion, flexible 2 drachms. 

Mix*, and apply every three or four hours. 
Be sure to have application extend one inch 
beyond the inflammation. 

Tincture of Chloride of Iron 2 ounces. 

Tincture Poison Oak (Rhus Tox- 
icodendron) 2 drachms. 

Mix, and take 35 drops in water every two 
hours. Keep bowels regular, and give milk, 
beef tea and eggs. — (53). 

ERYSIPELAS, PHLEGMONOUS.— When erysipelas 
attacks the deeper structures, the disease assumes altogether a 
different form; the swelling is much greater and the discoloration 
is of a deeper and darker hue. This is accompanied with high 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



"3 



fever, rapid pulse, throbbing pain and prostration. There are 
irregular chills, followed by sweating, the result of poisons 
absorbed. The swelling maybe so great that the circulation may 
be entirely shut off and gangrene result. By extension through 
the loose connective tissue just beneath the skin this form of 
erysipelas may include or cover a large surface, as a whole arm or 
leg. 

Treatment. — 

Keep the bowels and skin active and healthy. Give 10 
grains Salol every three hours and the most nourishing diet. 
Give from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful of Bovinine in a glass 
of milk every four hours. Put two ounces of rice in one pint of 
water, boil for three hours, adding sufficient water to maintain 
the original pint, mix two eggs and a half pint of cream and 
add to the boiled rice, then add all to one pint of hot beef tea, 
(see Beef Tea under Miscellaneous Medical Receipts), and 
feed to the patient every one, two or three hours, according to the 
severity of the case. Should there be danger of suppuration or 
gangrene, incise at once. Cut deep enough to allow free drain- 
age. This will reduce the swelling and relieve the circulation. 
It may be necessary to make frequent incisions. Wash the 
wounds with Peroxide of Hydrogen, full strength, Carbolic Acid 
water, or other antiseptics. Allow free drainage and dress with 
gauze soaked in antiseptics. Give abundance of fresh air. 

EXCORIATION.— (See under Children's Diseases). 



THE EYE AND ITS DISEASES. 



The eye rests in a bony cavity or socket and is embedded 
in fat. The fat protects it from jarring, while the surrounding 
wall of bone protects it from injury. 

The eyeball consists of two parts, which may be compared to 
a large and a small marble — the large one about one inch in 
diameter and the small one about one-sixth as large. Sinking 
the small marble about two- thirds of its diameter into the larger 
would give a general outline of the eyeball. The small marble 
would represent one-sixth, and is called the cornea. It is placed 
in front. Its size compares to that portion of the eye that gives 
color — black, blue or gray. The larger part would represent the 
five-sixths and is placed in the orbital cavity. It is the portion 
that we can see but partially. It constitutes the white of the eye 
and meets the cornea at the border of the color line. 

8 



1 14 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

The muscles which move the eye are attached by their inner 
ends to the apex or inner point of the orbital cavity, and the front 
or outer ends are attached to the outer surface of the eyeball a 
little back of the cornea and a little behind the circle where the 
large and small marbles join. The muscles are placed above, 
below, on either side and obliquely, so that the eye may roll in 
all directions. 

The eyeball is composed of three coats — the inner, middle 
and outer. The inner coat of the eyeball is called the retina, 
meaning a network. It is formed by the expanded fibers of the 
optic nerve, or nerve of sight. This nerve has its origin in the 
brain. It passes out of the skull through a little opening in the 
apex or orbital cavity, and immediately its fibers divide and 
radiate in all directions, forming a thin membrane. The fibers 
are held in position by a delicate connective tissue framework. 
These fibers terminate at the junction of the cornea with the 
large part of the eye, as represented by the junction of the large 
and small marble. The artery which supplies the eye rests 
within the substance of the optic nerve at its point of entrance 
into the orbital cavity, and, like the nerve, branches of this artery 
expand in a radiating manner, forming a close network of vessels 
which are held together by delicate fibers of connective tissue. 
This constitutes the middle coat and is called the choroid, meaning a 
membrane of vessels. On the inner surface of this membrane, 
lying next to the expanded nerve fibers, is a layer of dark cells. 
These cells absorb the light, which otherwise would be reflected 
from side to side and cause confusion. This dark layer corresponds 
to the black lining of the photographer's camera. The outer coat 
or membrane is called the sclerotic, meaning hard. Covering the 
brain and lying next to the inner surface of the skull is a firm 
membrane of connective tissue, called the dura-mater. When the 
optic nerve leaves the brain, a sheath of this dura-mater goes with 
it, and when the optic nerve expands and forms the inner mem- 
brane of the eyeball, the sheath of dura-mater also expands and 
forms the outer membrane. The outer membrane or coat com- 
pletely surrounds the eyeball in front and, being hard and fibrous, 
aids in maintaining the eye in the form of a globe. It is white 
and glistening and forms the white of the eye. In front it is 
somewhat modified and forms the cornea. 

At the junction of the cornea with the larger part of the eye- 
ball, the choroid, or middle coat, somewhat modified, makes a 
sharp bend inward and forms the iris, which is a thin curtain 
stretched vertically across, near the front of the eye, at the junction 
of the large and small marbles. Iris means many colors, hence the 
term. The colors — blue, black, gray, etc. — are caused by the 
various shades of coloring matter found in the layer of cells which 




- • mm 




■iMW'M 






\ '. ■ - 



No. J3. 

i, Artery. 2, Vein. 3, Muscle. 4, Salivary Gland. 



DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 1 1 5 

covers the back part of the iris. With the Albino race there is 
little or no coloring in this layer of cells, hence the light color of 
their eyes. The iris contains two sets of muscle fibers: One 
set radiates from the center to the surface like the spokes in a 
wagon wheel; the other set is circular. This gives it the power 
to contract and dilate, thus changing the size of the pupil. The 
pupil is simply an opening in the center of the iris for the admission 
of rays of light. When light is very bright, the pupil contracts, 
shutting out some of the rays; when light is dim, the pupil 
dilates, allowing more light to enter. The lids also aid in con- 
trolling the amount of light that enters the eye. 

As stated, the choroid or middle coat makes a sharp bend 
inward at the point indicated by the junction of the two marbles, 
and being here supplied with circular and radiating fibers, forms 
the iris. The iris is flat, the cornea is oval, hence between 
the cornea and iris is a space, called the anterior chamber. Behind 
the iris and close to the pupil is the lens. This is a transparent 
double-convex body which aids in focusing the rays of light. 
The lens is about one-third of an inch in diameter from side to 
side, and one-quarter of an inch in diameter from before back- 
wards. The lens is oval, the iris is flat, hence the iris recedes 
from the lens towards its circumference, leaving a space. This 
space is called the posterior chamber. The two chambers or spaces 
communicate through the pupil, or opening in the iris. 

Both the front and back chambers are filled with a liquid 
called aqueous humor. This is composed of about five or six drops 
of water, holding in solution a trace of alkaline salts. Within the 
walls of the retina or inner membrane, and filling the whole of 
the space behind the lens, is a jelly-like substance called vitreous 
humor, so named because it resembles melted glass. The vitreous 
humor aids in focusing the rays of light. Surrounding the vitreous 
humor is a thin, transparent membrane called the hyaline mem- 
brane, meaning transparent. In front it encloses the lens, form- 
ing a capsule around it. This capsule is attached to the sur- 
rounding structures and aids in holding the lens in position. 

Iyight enters the eye through the cornea, aqueous humor, 
pupil, lens and vitreous humor in the order named, and is focused 
on the retina or inner membrane of nerve fibers, the impression 
or picture made on the retina being conveyed by the optic nerve 
to the brain. 

The Lachrymal, or Tear, Apparatus. — The junction of 
the upper and lower eyelids is called the canthi, meaning corners 
of the eye. The inner canthus is somewhat prolonged inward, 
forming a triangular space. This space contains what is called 
the cat uncle, meaning a fleshy elevation. On the apex or highest 
point of this elevation is a small opening. This is the com- 



1 1 6 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

mencement of the lachrymal, or tear, duct. This opening extends 
inward towards the nose for a short distance and terminates in 
what is called the lachrymal sac. This sac is the dilated upper 
portion of the lachrymal duct. It is called the nasal duct because it 
opens into the nose. From the inner canthus or inner angle of the 
eye, this duct, which is about three-fourths of an inch in length, 
passes inward, backward and downward and terminates in the 
nasal cavity. Situated at the inner angle of the eye, and on the 
margin of the lid, is a slight elevation called the lachrymal papilla. 
The apex or highest point of this papilla is also pierced by a 
small opening. The glands which furnish the tears are situated 
just outside the orbital cavity and above the outer canthus or 
junction of the eyelids. The under surface of the glands rest 
upon the convexity of the eyeball. Each gland is supplied with 
from ten to twelve ducts, which convey the tears over the surface 
of the eye. The tears pass along these ducts, which converge to 
the single opening in the papilla already described, and next 
enter the canal which leads to the nose. That is why the latter 
needs frequent wipings during the act of crying. If the tears 
flow too fast, they do not all enter or pass through the nasal duct, 
but overflow and run down the cheek. 

Bach eyelid contains a thin piece of cartilage about one inch 
in length. This aids in maintaining form. Between the cartil- 
age and the mucous membrane which lines the lids are a number 
of small glands, about forty in the upper lid and thirty in the 
lower lid. They are embedded in grooves on the under surface of 
the cartilage, and by means of straight tubes or ducts each gland 
opens upon the margin of the lid. These glands secrete a seba- 
ceous or oily substance which prevents the lids from adhering 
together. Sometimes the opening of a gland becomes closed, 
and, the gland continuing to secrete, quite a large tumor may 
form. It is sometimes necessary to remove this with a knife. 

DEFECTS OF VISION. 

Hyperopia — Far-Sightedness. — Rays of light should 
focus exactly on the retina, that is, meet at the same point on 
the inner membrane that is formed by the expanded fibers of the 
optic nerve. This is called perfect vision or stigmatism. But 
the eye is subject to deformities the same as other parts of the 
body. Sometimes the globe of the eye (eyeball) is too short, so 
that the rays of light from an object held at an ordinary distance 
do not focus on the retina, and this results in confusion; if the 
rays could continue backward, they would meet behind the 
retina. This is called hyperopia, ox far-sightedness, because it is 
necessary that the rays of light should come from an object 
held at some distance. These enter the eye more on a straight 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. Ii; 

line and do not need so much power to concentrate, hence may 
focus on the retina or inner membrane. Hyperopia is congenital, 
that is, exists from birth. Convex glasses correct this trouble 
because they aid in bringing the rays of light together at the 
proper point. 

Myopia — Near-Sightedness. — Sometimes the globe of the 
eye is too long, and the rays of light focus in front of the retina. 
This is called myopia , or near-sightedness, because it is necessary 
that the object should be held near the eyes. This causes the 
rays of light first to diverge, or enter the eye more at an angle, 
and this brings their point of meeting farther back. The cause of 
myopia is not known. Concave glasses will correct this trouble 
because they aid in diverging the rays and bring their point of 
meeting farther back where they may reach the retina. 

Presbyopia — Far-Sightedness of Old Age. — In middle 
life and old age the lens becomes slightly opaque — less transpar- 
ent — the density is increased, elasticity is diminished and the 
power of accommodation is correspondingly lessened. This is 
called presbyopia, or farsightedness of old age. This trouble may 
be corrected by artificial lenses of sufficient strength to serve as 
an equivalent or substitute for the loss of the natural lens. 

Color Blindness is due to lack of development or paralysis 
of some of the fibers of the optic nerve. The defect may include 
one or both eyes. 

Strabismus means cross-eyed. When the eyes turn in, it is 
called convergent; when they turn out, divergent. One or both 
eyes may be affected. The cause is unequal strength of the 
muscles controlling the eyes, the stronger overcoming the weaker. 
By over- exertion the weak muscles may be able to hold the eye 
in position, yet this constant strain causes headache. This con- 
dition is frequently met with in school children and may be 
wholly corrected by glasses. 

Treatment. — 

A. Defects of vision which are not produced by disease of 
the eye are remedied by having the eyes fitted with suitable glasses. 
A competent oculist should be consulted. For those who are 
unable to pay there are free clinics connected with all medical 
colleges. — (48). 

DISEASES OF THE EYE. 

OPHTHALMIA.— This is a term somewhat loosely applied 
to any and all forms of inflammation of the eye, but more espec- 
ially to those forms which attack the mucous membrane lining 
the lids. 



1 1 8 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatments. — 

A. Bathe the eye with warm water containing 10 or 15 grains 
of Boracic Acid to an ounce, protect the eyes from light, if very 
painful remain indoors for a few days, and drop the following 
mixture in the eye four or five times a day: 

Sulphate of Zinc 1 grain. 

Morphine 2 '• 

Camphor Water 2 drachms. 

Boracic Acid 10 grains. 

Water sufficient to make 1 ounce. 

-(81). 

B. Put one teaspoonful of clean, whole Flax seed into 1 ounce 
of water. Stir frequently and allow to stand until a mucilage is 
formed. To relieve painful inflammation, drop 2 or 3 drops into 
the eye every twenty to thirty minutes. The pain is relieved by 
the mechanical protection afforded the inflamed surfaces. 

C. Boracic Acid powder, 1 ounce. Dissolve % teaspoonful 
of the powder in a glass of hot water, allow it to cool and bathe 
the eye several times a day by dipping absorbent cotton into the 
solution and squeezing solution from it into the eye. — (48). 



D. Blue Vitriol 1 grain. 

White Vitriol 

Fine Table Salt 

Loaf Sugar 

Morphine 

Soft or Distilled Water 1 ounce. 

Mix, and when all is dissolved, strain 
through fine muslin. Apply three to five times 
daily, according to the severity of the case. 

E. Common table salt, 2 to 5 grains to an ounce of water. 
This makes a good wash for weak and inflamed eyes. 

F. Sulphate of Zinc % grain. 

Muriate Cocaine J4 " 

Sulphate Morphine y& " 

Water 1 ounce. 

Mix. Drop in the eye every two hours more 
or less often according to pain. — (47). 

G. Boracic Acid 10 grains. 

Muriate Cocaine 4 " 

Rosewater 1 ounce. 

Mix. Drop in the eyes every two hours. — (34). 

H. Pith of Sassafras 1 drachm. 

Soft Water 1 ounce. 

This is a soothing preparation to inflamed 
eyes. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 119 

I. Hops and Poppy heads thoroughly mashed and boiled in 
water make a good poultice in inflammation, and the water in 
which they have been boiled is also useful as a wash for the eyes. 

J. White Vitriol 5 grains. 

Table Salt 5 " 

Morphine 2 " 

Lard, unsalted 1 ounce. 

Mix, and apply by rubbing a little between 
and upon the lids. Freshly churned and un- 
salted butter may be used in place of the lard. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE LIDS.— CONJUNCTIV- 
ITIS. — The mucous membrane which lines the eyelids is reflected 
over the front of the eyeball as far as the cornea. This mem- 
brane is called the conjunctiva. Inflammation of the conjunctiva 
is called Conjunctivitis. If there is much watery discharge, it is 
called Catarrhal Co?ijunctivitis . Sometimes the discharge becomes 
thick and contains a little pus; this is called Muco- Purulent 
Conjunctivitis. If the inflammation is the result of gonorrheal 
infection, it is called Pwulent Conjunctivitis. If the inflammation 
is the result of injury, or of a foreign body, it is called traumatic, 
meaning the result of injury. (See under Accidents and 
Emergencies). Sometimes there is a formation of small hard 
elevations which cause friction and give the sensation of a foreign 
body in the eye, the eye becoming bloodshot as the result of the 
irritation; this is called Granular Conjunctivitis, Trauchoma or 
Granulated Lids. Sometimes during an attack of diphtheria 
when the disease affects the nasal cavities, it also extends to the 
mucous membrane lining the eyelids and a false membrane 
appears on the lids the same as in the nose and throat. This is 
called Diphtheritic Co?ijunctivitis . Diphtheria may make its first 
appearance in the eyes. 

It will be noticed that each of the foregoing forms of inflam- 
mation is confined to the mucous membrane lining the lids and 
does not affect the eye proper. Some of these inflammations, if 
allowed to continue, may by extension invade the eyeball and 
become more serious, affecting and even destroying the sight. 
This is particularly true of purulent conjunctivitis. 

Conjunctivitis, Simple. — The most common disease of the 
eye is inflammation of the conjunctiva. Usually it is of a mild 
nature and soon recovered from. 

Catarrhal Conjunctivitis and Muco-Purulent Conjunc- 
tivitis are only different manifestations of Simple Conjunctivitis. 
The same treatment is applicable to all. 

Causes. — Such inflammation may result from the same condi- 
tions which cause rheumatism, i. e., acids and other irritating 
substances in the blood. It may result from injury or from 



120 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

foreign bodies in the eye, or from the infection of diphtheria or 
gonorrhea. It precedes an attack of measles. It more frequently 
results from atmospheric changes that produce influenza, colds 
and catarrh of the nasal passages. 

Symptoms. — Usually, the symptoms are not marked. The 
mucous membrane may be slightly swollen and thickened; the 
eyes look red, there is a slight catarrhal condition, and the indi- 
vidual may not be able to bear strong light. 

Treatment. — 

See washes and applications under Ophthalmia. 

Conjunctivitis, Granular — Granulated Lids. — This is 
inflammation of the conjunctiva in which the membrane becomes 
studded with small elevations, some of which later join together 
and become larger and more resistant. The roughened lids 
produce irritation, the cornea becomes vascular, that is, blood 
vessels form in that portion of the mucous membrane covering 
the eyeball, the eye becomes bloodshot, and the cornea loses its 
luster and becomes more or less opaque, or non-transparent. 
The disease tends to run a chronic course. 

Symptoms. — If the disease comes on in acute form, there is 
first redness and swelling with profuse discharge of thick secre- 
tions. At first the swelling may completely hide the granula- 
tions, but later it diminishes and the elevations are visible. 
Usually the disease comes on more mildly and may be 
unnoticed until the granulations are quite large. In either case 
the granulations produce a sensation of a foreign body in the eye, 
due to irritation. There is fear of light, as in other diseases of 
the eye. 

Treatment. — 

If the eye is very sensitive, dissolve 2 grains of Cocaine 
in J^ ounce of water and drop into the eye every three to five 
minutes until the pain ceases, then take the margin of the lid 
between the thumb and finger, carefully lift it up and apply a 
pointed crystal of Sulphate of Copper — Blue Vitriol. Pass the 
crystal quickly and gently over the granulated surface and imme- 
diately wash out with Boric Acid solution — 20 grains of Boric 
Acid to 1 ounce of water. Apply this treatment twice a week, 
and apply a crystal of Alum in the same manner every second 
day. If this does not destroy the granulations, apply the Sulphate 
of Copper crystal every other day for a few days. A convenient 
piece of either the Sulphate of Copper or Alum may be obtained 
at any drug store. With a sharp knife shave one end down to a 
point, and finish by dipping into water and rubbing the surface 
until perfectly smooth. These crystals can be obtained properly 
shaped for this purpose and fitted with handles. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 121 

Granulated lids may also be successfully treated with elec- 
tricity. 

Any form of treatment will be more successful if the eyes 
are protected from light. When out of doors, colored glasses 
should be worn. 

Conjunctivitis, Purulent. — This inflammation is much 
more dangerous, and is also contagious. It usually affects the 
new-born, though adults sometimes have it. It is met with most 
frequently in cities. The disease commences from thirty-six to 
forty-eight hours after infection, runs a long and tedious course, 
and may affect the cornea (eyeball) and destroy the sight. 

Cause. — This disease is caused by a specific poison. It is 
the result of gonorrheal infection, and in the new-born is con- 
tracted during birth. 

Symptoms. — The disease may not be noticed sometimes for 
two or three days atter birth, when the lids will appear red, 
somewhat swollen and glued together. Examination shows a 
thick, purulent secretion, which escapes when the lids are raised. 
There may be but little pain at first, but later the lids become 
more swollen and the discharge thinner and more abundant. 
There is loss of appetite, restlessness from increased pain, the 
cornea or eyeball may become ulcerated, and perforation may fol- 
low. In this case the lens escapes, and when the inflammation 
subsides the eyeball shrinks and the child is blind. If the eye- 
ball remains sound, the eye gradually returns to the normal and 
sight is restored. 

Treatment: — 

Cleanse the eyes thoroughly with a saturated solution of 
Boric Acid and water — 25 grains of the acid to an ounce of water. 
If discovered early, keep cold compresses on the eyes, being care- 
ful not to press the lids against the eyeball. Keep the eyes as 
free from the discharge as possible with bits of absorbent cotton 
wet in the Boric Acid solution. If the disease does not respond 
to treatment, turn the lids outward, hold them firmly, and brush 
them with a 4 per cent, solution of Nitrate of Silver — 20 grains to 
the ounce — once a day, and wash off at once with warm Boric 
Acid solution, or warm solution of salt and water followed with 
the Boric Acid solution. When using the Silver solution, be 
careful to apply to the lids only and do not touch the eyeball, and 
wash off at once. Should the eyeball become involved, add 3 
grains of Atropine to one ounce of water and drop in the eye 
three or four times a day, or often enough to keep the pupil well 
dilated. 



122 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Note- — In using Atropine, allow excess of the solution to drain from 
the outer angle of the eye so as to avoid its passage through the tear duct 
into the nose and throat. 

Conjunctivitis, Diphtheritic. — This is diphtheria of the 
eyes. The tissue affected is the mucous membrane lining the 
lids. A false membrane forms and constitutional symptoms are 
present, the same as in diphtheria of the throat. The disease may 
be the result of diphtheria in the nasal cavities, having traveled 
through the tear ducts, or it may make its first appearance in the 
eyes. 

Cause. — The same as that which causes diphtheria in the 
throat. 

Symptoms. — The mucous membrane of the lids becomes 
swollen and painful. At first there is an increase in the secre- 
tions, or tears, and within twenty-four to thirty-six hours the 
false membrane makes its appearance. This membrane is the 
same as that which appears in the throat. The color is the same 
— dark and leathery — with a well defined border, that is, the 
junction of the false membrane and mucous membrane is distinct. 
As the disease progresses the lids become greatly swollen, and 
may become purplish in color by reason of interference with the 
circulation. The skin is tense and glistening. The pressure of 
the swollen lids upon the cornea may cause the latter to lose its 
luster and become hazy in appearance. Constitutional symptoms 
are also present. 

Treatment. — 

If seen early, keep cold packs over the eyes. Dissolve 20 
grains of Boric Acid in 1 ounce of water. Keep small pieces of 
cloth or cotton saturated with this constantly applied. If the lids 
are already greatly swollen, the application should be hot instead 
of cold. The solution should also be dropped into the eyes several 
times a day. The constitutional treatment is the same as that 
given under Diphtheria. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE MARGIN OF THE 
LIDS— BLEPHARITIS.— Blepharitis is an inflammation of 
the border or margin of the eyelid. The disease is due to block- 
ing up of the hair follicles and the small glands connected with 
them. The inflammation may also extend to the lids. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms of blepharitis are irritation and 
redness along the margin of the lids, and usually the formation 
of scales or crusts. The natural secretions produced by the hair 
follicles and associate glands are increased by the irritation. 
These dry on the margin of the lids and produce the scales 
mentioned. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 23 

Treatment. — 

Cleanse the lids thoroughly, washing with hot water and 
Castile soap. If the surface is inflamed, mix Yellow Oxide of 
Mercury, 3 grains, with 2 drachms of Vaseline, and apply twice 
a day. Maintain thorough cleanliness and the disease will soon 
disappear. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE IRIS — IRITIS.— There 

are several causes for Iritis. It may be caused by syphilis, may 
result from injury, or it may be caused by the same conditions 
which produce rheumatism, that is, acids and other irritating 
substances in the blood. It is well to remember that inflamma- 
tion always depends upon an irritant in some form. This is true 
of inflammation everywhere. Suppurative iritis is so called when 
the products of inflammation turn to pus. This form is most apt 
to occur in those who are poorly nourished. 

Symptoms. — Pain, which is usually severe. The iris looks 
cloudy. The fluid in front of the iris is changed as a result of its 
contamination with inflammatory products, and this interferes 
with sight. It will be remembered that the iris is stretched 
across just in front of the lens; during inflammation it may 
grow fast to the lens. This would cause unequal dilatation and 
interfere with light entering the eye. The mucous membrane 
that is reflected over the front of the eyeball may become con- 
gested and more or less inflamed, and surrounding the cornea 
may be seen dark red lines, the result of distended vessels. 

Treatment. — 

One danger in iritis is that the iris may grow fast to the lens, 
in which case, even if no other damage results, there will remain 
unequal dilatation of the pupil and permanent interference of sight. 
To prevent this, dissolve 4 grains of Atropine in an ounce of 
water and drop a little in the eye every thirty minutes until the 
pupil dilates. After that perhaps three times a day will be 
sufficient. (See note under Puiulent Conjunctivitis for use of 
Atropine.) When the pupil is widely dilated, its inner border 
surrounds the lens and there is no danger of contact or adhesion. 
The bowels should be kept active, and in those usually healthy a 
low diet should be maintained. Also take 1 teaspoonful of Syrup 
of Hydriodic Acid three times a day, between meals. The patient 
should be kept in a dark room, as bright light irritates the iris 
and increases the trouble. After improvement the patient should 
wear colored glasses for a time to prevent, if possible, a return of 
the trouble. It is also good practice to give 2 -drop doses of 
Tincture of Aconite or Fluid Extract of Veratrum every hour for 
a day or two. This has a tendency to equalize the circulation 



124 FAVORITE, MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

and relieve the congested vessels about the eye. Sometimes pain 
is relieved by keeping hot applications on the eyes. This may 
consist of small pieces of cotton wet in hot Boric Acid water, 10 
or 20 grains of the acid to the ounce, changed every five or ten 
minutes. Any case of iritis that does not respond readily to 
treatment should receive the most skilled attention, for if not 
relieved, serious consequences may follow. 

CATARACT. — A cataract is an opacity or non- trans- 
parency of the lens of the eye. It frequently occurs as the 
result of old age, but sometimes occurs in the young, and is also 
sometimes present even in infants. 

Cause. — When not resulting from injury, inflammation or 
suppuration, cataract results from a lack of nourishment. Usually 
the cataract includes the whole lens. This is generally true in 
the form met with in old age. Sometimes, however, and more 
especially in the young, the opacity is confined to the central 
part of the lens and the outer surface remains normal. This is 
called nuclear cataract. 

Symptoms. — The first symptom of cataract is a gradual dim- 
ness of vision. The patient can see better on a dark day or in 
the twilight. The reason is that the pupil dilates and admits 
more light. There is no pain or evidence of trouble in any way 
except the interference with sight. When the patient tries to 
read, it is found necessary to hold the book very close to the 
eyes. This causes the rays of light to radiate and enter the eye 
more on an angle, and by this means they find their way into the 
eye by passing around the border of the lens. By dilating the 
pupils with Atropine, the opacity of the lens may be plainly seen. 
It looks white or very light in color. This is seen by looking 
through the pupil. It will be remembered that the lens is situated 
directly behind the pupil, enclosed and supported by a little trans- 
parent membrane. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment is removal of the lens and fitting the eyes 
with artificial glasses. This is an operation of considerable deli- 
cacy. For nuclear cataract enlarging of the pupils is advised. In 
this form the outer border of the lens remains natural, and by 
enlarging the pupils the light may be readily transmitted. The 
opaque center does not extend or become larger, but remains 
stationary throughout life. Soft cataract is so-called because the 
lens is soft, opaque and non- transparent to light. This form is 
usually met with in the young — children and infants. 

Secondary Cataract is where the capsule in which the lens was 
enclosed becomes opaque or non-transparent after the removal of 
the lens. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 125 

STY, or HORDEOLUM.— Under the description of the 
eye it was stated that the lids were supplied with a flat layer of 
cartilage or dense connective tissue to aid in maintaining their 
form, and that on the under side of each plate of dense tissue 
were a number of glands. A duct leads from each gland to the 
free margin of the lid. Sometimes one of these ducts or openings 
becomes closed, and as the secretions of the gland continue, a 
bulging is caused. This is called a Sty. 

Cause. — Irritation from unhealthy blood; in other words, the 
cause is constitutional. This is why there are usually a number 
of these affections. The irritation causes an increase in the secre- 
tions of the glands with the result that one of the ducts becomes 
closed, and as the gland continues to secrete, the part swells, 
bulges forward, and becomes inflamed and painful. 

Treatment. — 

As a rule these affections are stubborn, the same as eczema 
and dandruff, and do not respond readily to treatment. This 
shows that the cause is not local, but constitutional. Usually the 
inflammation continues three or four days, pus forms, the tumor 
ruptures, the contents are discharged and the part heals. The 
treatment consists in trying to prevent pus formation, and also to 
prevent other tumors and swellings of a like nature. Small hot 
poultices may be laid over the lids, or a solution of hot Boric 
Acid may be applied on a soft cloth or small piece of cotton and 
changed frequently. If there is evidence of pus, the tumor should 
be opened at once. In place of the poultices or hot applications 
the following ointment is sometimes used: 

Yellow Oxide of Mercury 3 grains . 

Vaseline 1 drachm. 

Mix thoroughly and apply to the affected 
lid two or three times a day. If this ointment 
is found irritating in any case, add more 
Vaseline. 

With the first appearance of a sty, an active cathartic should 
be given and the patient should be careful about the diet. 

PTERYGIUM (Terigium).— This is a thickening of the 
mucous membrane which commences at the inner angle or junc- 
tion of the lid and extends over the eyeball. It is a fleshy, 
wedge-shaped growth. The apex or point is directed toward 
the pupil, while the base remains at the point of origin, that is, 
corresponds to the fleshy eminence at the inner angle of the lids. 
In the description of the eye this eminence is described as the 
cat uncle* 



126 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Cause. — Long-continued irritation, the result of irritants in 
the blood. This results first in congestion, second in inflamma- 
tion, and third in overgrowth of the membrane, the result of 
increased blood supply. 

Symptoms. — A fleshy growth commencing at the inner angle 
of the eye, the outer end pointed and extending toward the pupil. 
If allowed to continue, it reaches and may nearly cover the pupil. 

Treatment. — 

Removal with a knife. 



FAINTING. — A temporary suspension of the vital func- 
tions and mental powers, in some cases occurring suddenly, and 
in others preceded by a distress about the heart, a swimming of 
the head and a sense of general helplessness; also sometimes pre- 
ceded by sickness at the stomach and coldness of the feet and 
hands. 

Causes. — The causes of fainting are many: Pain, injuries, 
loss of blood, fatigue and weakness, fright, confinement in 
crowded places where the heat is great and ventilation poor, tight 
lacing and distressing sights. Organic diseases of the heart may 
occasion fainting in those who are afflicted with them. 

Treatments. — 

A. Bathe the temples and around the nostrils with Camphor; 
sprinkle a little cold water in the face; get the patient into fresh 
air; give a little sling. 

B. Lay the patient on the back on a bed, the floor, or the 
ground. Compel bystanders to keep away so that fresh air can 
be obtained. Never raise the patient up to a sitting or standing 
position. — (8). 

C. Assume horizontal position; head a little lower than 
body.— (54). 

D. Horizontaf position on back. Cold to the head. Aromatic 
Spirits of Ammonia to nose for inhalation. — (10). 

Faintness. — Give patient plenty of fresh air and also give 
brandy sling. Rub arms and limbs thoroughly. Wet cloth in 
Aqua Ammonia and let patient inhale it, being careful not to 
hold it close enough to strangle. 

FATTY DEGENERATION. — (See under Heart, 
Diseases of) . 

FELON. — An abscess on a finger or thumb is termed a felon, 
but a felon proper is an inflammation of the membrane covering 
the bone. It occurs usually in the last joint of either a thumb or 
finger. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 27 

Symptoms. — The pain, at first deep and throbbing, soon 
becomes excruciating in the extreme, and the joint affected 
presents a swollen and inflamed appearance. 

Treatments. — 

A. The usual method of relief, and the safest, is to have 
the finger lanced freely, the incision reaching to the bone. If 
this is not done, the ulcerating process goes on within the mem- 
brane until the bone itself is very likely to be destroyed. If the 
felon is not lanced, the application of poultices not only affords 
some degree of relief and comfort, but hastens suppuration. 

B. Poultice with bread and milk or Flaxseed. Lance it as 
soon as possible. After it is lanced use a Slippery Elm poultice. 

C. Take a handful each of the roots of Indian Turnip and of 
Blue Flag, and stew them in hog's lard sufficient to stew well. 
When done, strain and press out, and add Tar, 4 tablespoonfuls, 
and Castile soap half as much; simmer together, and apply this 
until the felon breaks. 

D. Venice Turpentine, 1 ounce. Put into }4 teaspoonful of 
water and stir with a rough stick until the mass looks like candied 
honey, then spread a good coat on a cloth and wrap around the 
finger. If the case is only recent, it will remove the pain in a 
few hours. 

E. A Poke Root poultice on a felon cures by absorption, 
unless matter is already formed; if matter has already formed, it 
soon brings it to a head and thus saves much pain and suffering. 

F. Blue Flag and Hellebore roots, equal parts. Boil in milk 
and water, then soak the felon in it for twenty minutes, as hot as 
can be borne, and bind the roots on the parts for one hour. This 
has cured many felons when commenced in time.,* 

G. Felon Ointment. — Take sweet Oil, % pint, and stew 
a small plug of tobacco in it until the tobacco is crisped; then 
squeeze it out and add Red Lead, 1 ounce, and boil until black; 
when a little cool, add pulverized Camphor Gum, 1 ounce. — (79). 

H. Felon Salve. — A salve made by burning 1 tablespoonful 
of Copperas, then pulverizing it and mixing with the yolk of an 
egg, is said to relieve the pain and cure the felon in twenty-four 
hours; then heal with cream two parts and soft soap one part. 
Apply the healing salve daily after soaking the part in warm 
water. — (79), ^ 



FEVERS. 



Fever is evidence of a disordered system — evidence of sys- 
temic disease. Its chief symptom is elevation of temperature. 
The cause may be local or general. The name corresponds to the 
location and conditions which cause it and to the characteristic 
symptoms, as typhoid where there is stupor, scarlet meaning a 
flush, intermittent, or fever and ague, etc. 

Fever is divided into three stages: first, that of chills or chill- 
iness ; second, heat and elevation of temperature ; third, the 
sweating stage. It is also divided into two groups, idiopathic 
and symptomatic. Where the fever is self- generating, as in 
small-pox or scarlet fever, it is termed idiopathic; but where it is 
dependent upon local conditions, as absorption from ah infected 
wound, it is called symptomatic. 

Cause. — The arteries are controlled by two sets of nerve 
fibers, one set tending to dilate and make them larger, and the 
other set tending to contract and make them smaller. This 
opposite effect during health keeps the arteries a natural size. 
Poisons paralyze more or less the nerve fibers which control the 
arteries and allow them to dilate. The large arteries are affected 
but little; the small ones may be greatly enlarged. Just beneath 
the skin is a vast network of vessels which are estimated to be 
capable of holding one-half the blood in the body. These vessels 
become dilated, and an unusual amount of blood is brought to 
the surface. This is why the face is red during a fever. Every 
chemical change produces a certain amount of heat ; this is a 
universal law. The tissue change, repair and waste, which is 
constantly taking place in the body, is a chemical change, and the 
heat thus produced maintains bodily temperature. The change 
depends upon the circulation; the blood furnishes the repair in 
the form of nourishment, and carries away the waste. During 
health the two sets of nerve fibers control the circulation so nicely 
and the tissue change is so well governed that an even tempera- 
ture is maintained. When poison is present from any cause, it 
first paralyzes the nerves which contract the arteries and allows 
them to dilate ; this brings a large amount of blood to the 
surface and tissue change is increased, hence an increase in tem- 
perature, or fever. We can see the wisdom of this when we 
remember that it causes the patient to sweat, as elimination 
through the pores of the skin aids materially in giving relief. 

128 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



129 



This is Nature's plan. This is why the nerves that dilate are 
allowed to control, and this is why the blood is brought to the 
surface. Whether the poison is generated in the system, as in 
scarlet fever, or whether it is absorbed from a poisoned wound, 
makes no difference; the results are the same. The poison may 
also be absorbed from bad air, poisonous gases or bad water ; or 
fever may result from nervous conditions, without poison. 

Symptoms of General Fever. — After languor, weakness and 
restlessness for a day or two, or more, as the case may be, the 
first striking symptom of an approaching fever will be a chill 
of greater or less severity and continuance according to the 
greater or less disturbance of the system. The chill will to a 
certain extent indicate the severity of the oncoming disease. If 
nothing is done to relieve the attack and the chills continue, the 
skin becomes pale, the features shrunken and haggard, and the 
patient is led to think that streams of cold water are being poured 
down his back. As soon as this chilliness begins to subside, the 
circulation begins to increase ; greater or less heat of the surface 
is produced, the strength is gradually diminished, and consider- 
able thirst is manifested, the pulse also being increased in fre- 
quency and hardness. By a frequent pulse is meant one faster than 
in health, which is from sixty -five to seventy -five; and by a hard 
pulse, one that resists the examiner, as though it was bound to 
pass under the finger no matter how hard the pressure. There 
may be considerable distress about the stomach and other internal 
organs, also great aversion to making the least exertion of body or 
mind. The patient is willing to lie down, and seems to care but 
little whether anything is done for his relief or not; but it should 
be remembered that the greater his indifference, the greater the 
necessity for immediate attention to the case. 
Treatments. — 

What to Do. — The treatment should be directed to the 
removal of the cause, if possible. If an infected wound, first 
cleanse thoroughly with soap and water, then use antiseptics — 
shut off the supply of poison from this source, and then the 
patient has only to get rid of the amount in the system. If from 
bad air or foul gases, secure a change of surroundings, and in all 
cases keep the eliminative organs active — a dose of Castor Oil or 
Salts taken internally, and frequent bathing to keep the skin 
active. If the surface is dry and hot, sweat the patient. Aconite 
and other fever remedies may be useful. If the patient is weak, 
give stimulants. For typhoid fever, give antiseptics internally. 
A light diet is usually of advantage for the first day or two, but 
give an abundance of pure water. A thorough action of the bowels 
will cure many cases of fever. If this does not succeed, and the 
patient grows worse, send for the doctor. 

9 



130 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

TYPHOID FEVER.— While this disease may occur at 
any season of the year, it is most common in the autumn, especi- 
ally at the close of a hot, dry summer. 

Cause. — Typhoid fever is the result of an unhealthy digestive 
tract which is brought about by a long train of conditions, hence 
the great number of symptoms. First there is indigestion and 
lack of elimination from some cause, and this is followed by 
degenerative changes and the production of many poisons. Some 
of these poisons are absorbed, and gradually the system is brought 
under their morbid influence, vitality is lowered and resistance 
lessened. This accounts for the languor, headache, fever, loss of 
appetite, etc., which precede the disease. The condition of the 
bowels causes congestion of the lining mucous membrane, and this 
congestion extends to all mucous surfaces, hence there may be 
nosebleed. At the lips the mucous membrane is continuous with 
the deeper layer of the skin, and there is congestion of this layer 
also, so that hemorrhage may, and in many cases does occur on 
the surface of the body. This hemorrhage is more apt to occur 
over the abdominal cavity, and those seeing it for the first time 
are, of course, frightened. The various glands situated in the 
mucous membrane of the bowel are abundantly supplied with 
blood vessels, hence the congestion, which gradually increases to 
inflammation, is greatest at these points. The swelling and 
pressure continue until nutrition is shut off or reduced to such a 
low ebb that ulceration takes place, the same as in dysentery. The 
changes in the mucous membrane are: first, congestion; second, 
inflammation; third, ulceration. If allowed to go on, ulceration 
will continue until all of the glands have been invaded. That is 
why the disease used to last from four to eight weeks. To-day 
there seems no excuse for such duration. 

Symptoms. — The disease is developed insidiously. The patient 
does not feel well, but does not know to what to ascribe his bad 
feelings. He tires easily, is perhaps dizzy at times, may bleed 
at the nose, and suffers from headache, particularly pain in the 
back part of the head. His digestion is disordered, his sleep dis- 
turbed, his spirits depressed, his intellect dulled; and while he 
usually continues about his work, his weakness grows upon him 
until he is attacked with slight chills or shiverings. As the onset 
of this disease is so insidious in character, it is difficult to deter- 
mine the time when fever develops. 

During the first five days after the onset of the fever the 
temperature increases in a characteristic manner, being about two 
degrees higher in the evening than in the morning, and increas- 
ing one degree each day. During this time, in fact, during the 
whole of the first week, the patient complains of pain in the 
head and nausea, although the greater portion of the time 





/ 






No. 6. 

i, Arteries. 2, Muscles of Neck. 3, 4, Veins. 



DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 1 3 1 

he is listless and indifferent, lying with his eyes closed as if 
asleep. The tongue is heavily coated. Diarrhea is believed by 
some to be a characteristic symptom of this disease, but in many 
cases the bowels are constipated. The discharge is at first of a 
dark color, but during the second week becomes yellowish and 
more fluid and ill-smelling. The abdomen is somewhat distended, 
and upon pressure over the right groin gives a gurgling sound. 
In some cases between the seventh and ninth days an eruption 
of rose-colored spots occurs in clusters upon the abdomen, chest 
or back. They disappear on pressure (returning, of course, when 
the pressure is removed) and last for several days. 

During the second week all the symptoms of the first week 
are exaggerated; the former listlessness of the patient gradually 
changes to stupor, interrupted by delirium; deafness is developed; 
also the teeth become coated with an unhealthy accumulation. 

Towards the end of the second week, or some time during 
the third week, in the majority of cases the patient grows 
worse; his prostration is extreme, and his stupor so great that 
he is roused with difficulty; the tongue is covered with a dark- 
colored crust and is dry and cracked. Hemorrhage of the bowels 
may also occur at this time. 

If the patient survives the period just mentioned, during the 
fourth week the symptoms remit and, greatly emaciated and 
debilitated, he passes into a slow convalescence. 

Variations in Symptoms. — In the strong and robust, mor- 
bid conditions of the digestive tract which cause typhoid fever 
may be held in check until the system is so overwhelmed with 
poison that the disease breaks forth suddenly and with great 
force. These cases present none of the symptoms mentioned. 
We have seen a few cases of this kind. 

The reader should remember that in typhoid fever, as in all 
other diseases, the symptoms vary greatly. Many of the symp- 
toms may be absent, or so modified as to attract but little atten- 
tion. It is seldom that the symptoms are all present or occur in 
regular order as usually given by medical writers. Those who 
care for the sick must exercise a reasonable amount of judgment 
independent of what are usually called symptoms. An unhealthy 
condition of the digestive tract may give all the symptoms 
of typhoid fever, yet the disease may not be present. Fever, 
headache, loss of appetite, nausea, coated tongue, pains in different 
parts of the body, dull feeling, loss of vigor extending all the way 
from slight indisposition to inability to perform manual labor, 
bloating and soreness along the digestive tract, and many other 
symptoms and conditions may be present, and yet there may be 
no typhoid fever. Thorough elimination and internal antiseptics 



132 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

for a day or two, with a restricted diet, will clear up the great 
majority of these cases, and the individual feel as well as ever. 

An error that is constantly being made is that of confounding 
typhoid fever with other typhoid (depressing) symptoms. The 
word typhoid means stupor, therefore, strictly speaking, any con- 
dition of stupor where fever is present may be called typhoid fever, 
and some doctors do apply the term to many low conditions 
accompanied by fever. 

The very nature of typhoid fever renders diagnosis extremely 
difficult. If a typhoid patient lives until the end of the second 
week, there will be ulcers along the digestive tract. The evi- 
dence of this condition may easily be detected by the stools, as 
they will contain both mucus and pus. Ulcers may occur with- 
out typhoid; in fact, any and all the symptoms of typhoid may 
and undoubtedly do occur many times when the disease is not 
present. 

Scattered throughout the small bowel are numerous small 
glands. These are placed in the mucous membrane and have 
no excretory ducts. Their use is said to be unknown, yet they 
undoubtedly aid in digestion, as they are the largest, or most 
developed, during the digestive period. In places these glands 
are clustered together, forming little groups. These groups are 
called "Peyer's patches" because first described by Dr. Peyer. 
There are from twenty to thirty of these groups in the small 
bowel, varying from one-half an inch in width to three, four or 
more inches in length. The mucous membrane surronding them 
is highly vascular, that is, abundantly supplied with blood vessels. 
The normal blood supply being greater than in the surrounding 
mucous membrane, inflammation is more intense, therefore they are 
a good field for degenerative changes, ulceration, etc. , and that is 
the reason ulceration occurs at these particular points. 

Typhoid Fever, To Prevent — Great Value of Lemon 
Juice. — Lemon juice will destroy typhoid fever germs in water. 
This important discovery is the result of recent experiments made 
in bacteriological bureaus in European capitals. One experi- 
menter recently dropped a little lemon juice into a culture tube 
containing typhoid germs. To his amazement he found the acid 
shriveled up and killed the germs. This discovery is timely and 
valuable, especially for localities where typhoid fever is prevalent. 

Dr. Asa Ferguson, a practitioner of London, has just published 
an article in which he gives the results of experiments made by 
European scientists. Commenting upon the lemon juice test, Dr. 
Ferguson says: "Typhoid germs must be taken into the stomach 
in order to cause typhoid fever. If, therefore, people will put 
a teaspoonful of lemon juice into the water they drink, they 
will avoid typhoid fever." 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 133 

Treatments. — 

What To Do Till the Doctor Comes.— Give an active cath- 
artic. Put the patient to bed, keep him warm and give him warm 
drinks. Get him to sweating, if possible. After thorough 
elimination give 10-grain doses either of Salol or the Sulphocar- 
bolates, as directed nnder Internal Antiseptics following. If no 
improvement within a day or two, send for a doctor. 

How to Help the Doctor. — An important part of the treatment 
of typhoid fever consists of nourishment and cleanliness, and 
especially should the latter be applied to the digestive tract. All 
eliminations, even the sputum, should be deposited in a solution 
of Carbolic Acid or a solution of lime in water of the consistency 
of whitewash, and allowed to stand for one or two hours. It 
should then be emptied at a good distance from the house and 
well and always in the same place, and occasionally a quantity of 
lime thrown over this. 

The drinking water should be pure. 

Good ventilation should be secured at all times; it is neces- 
sary to pay particular attention to this feature. 

Daily baths should be given, even if the temperature is not 
high, as they will aid in elimination and give a sense of relief and 
general improvement. 

Typhoid fever patients should be fed every one, two or three 
hours, depending upon the amount taken. Sleep should not 
interfere with feeding if the patient is low; this is important. 

The food should consist of milk, soft cooked eggs, beef tea 
made at home, meat broths, rice boiled for three hours, vegetable 
soups strained and the liquid only given (nearly all patients like 
soups made in this way), etc. Boil two ounces of rice in one 
pint of water for three hours, adding water sufficient to maintain 
the original amount; mix two eggs with one-half pint of cream, 
add to the rice, and add this to one pint of hot beef tea. No 
patient should be compelled to take food that is not agreeable. 
Fruit juices are excellent in all stages of this disease. 

If the food is not well digested, artificial digestants should 
be given, but the doctor will attend to this. 

A. Initial dose of Calomel, followed by frequent small doses 
of same combined with intestinal antiseptics, will greatly modify 
and cut short the disease. — (31). 

Internal Antiseptics for Typhoid Fever. — First, secure 
thorough elimination by means of Calomel, Castor Oil or Salts. 
Ten grains of Calomel, followed in six or eight hours by 2 
tablespoonfuls of Epsom Salts or of Seidlitz Salts, is best. 
Enough of the Salts should be taken every morning to cause at 
least one movement during the day. The Calomel should not be 



134 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

continued for fear of salivation. Salol or the Sulphocarbolates 
of Zinc, L,ime and Soda combined are the best antiseptics for the 
digestive tract, and should be given from the first, commencing 
as soon as the laxatives have operated. The dose of either is 
from 5 to 10 grains every two hours. When the eliminations 
improve, the amount should be lessened. Salol and the Sulpho- 
carbolates possess marked advantages over other preparations of 
this kind because their antiseptic influence extends for a greater 
distance along the digestive tract. 

In some cases diarrhea is troublesome. Where this condition 
is present, Sulphocarbolate of Zinc alone is the best remedy 
because of its astringent properties. Otherwise, it does not differ 
from the others. The Sulphocarbolates may be given in tablet 
or solution, as desired by the patient. The taste is not pleasant, 
hence tablets are often preferred. There is no taste to Salol, 
therefore it may be given in tablet or powder. It will not dissolve 
in water; the Sulphocarbolates will. If the Sulphocarbolates 
are dissolved, a little Glycerine may be added. This will help to 
cover the taste and the Glycerine itself is a good antiseptic. 
But its influence does not reach far beyond the stomach. If 
there is much pain with diarrhea, a pill containing one grain 
of Opium and one grain of Acetate of L,ead may be given once or 
twice a day. 

A weak heart, high temperature, stupor, delirium, foul odor, 
etc. , are indications that the patient is being overcome by poisons 
generated in the digestive tract, and call for more intestinal anti- 
septics. Internal remedies for fever should be avoided as they 
weaken the patient. With plenty of pure water, fresh air, 
thorough elimination and a liberal use of antiseptics there will be 
little need for severe treatment, such as fever remedies or ice 
packs, and but little danger of hemorrhage. Atropine is one of 
the best remedies for dangerous hemorrhage if it does occur. 
In the event of hemorrhage, if the physician is not at hand and 
the case seems urgent, any of the following may be given: 

Atropine 1-50 grain, 

or, 
Tincture of Iron, a small teaspoonful, well 
diluted, 

or, 
Fluid Extract of Ergot i)4 teaspoonfuls, 

or, 
Morphine }4 grain, 

or, 
Opium 2 grains. 

The Morphine and Opium are valuable, but will not act so 
quickly, and are somewhat dangerous if the patient is very low. 
Artificial heat is also valuable as it aids in bringing the blood to 
the surface, and thus relieves the internal organs. 



DISH ASUS AND TREATMENTS. 135 

TYPHUS FEVER.— What is called typhus fever bears a 
close resemblance to typhoid fever; in fact the two were separated 
only a few years ago. Some claim that in typhus fever the 
Peyer's glands do not ulcerate; in typhoid fever they do. This 
effort at separation is unimportant. Typhus fever is clearly a 
filth disease, the result of bad surroundings. With our present 
knowledge of sanitation both typhus fever and typhoid fever are 
fast disappearing. Typhus used to be prevalent on shipboard, in 
jails and in army life, and for that reason was often called Camp 
Fever ox fail Fever. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment recommended under Typhoid Fever will apply 
with equal force to Typhus Fever. 

YELLOW FEVER.— This is a disease of low districts, 
usually near the sea. It does not occur above an elevation of 
2500 feet above the sea level, nor in a temperature below 70 
degrees. 

Cause. — The cause is bad hygiene. Yellow fever is clearly 
a filth disease. For one hundred and forty years there had been 
deaths in Havana from yellow fever during the months of June 
and July; but when the Americans went over and removed some 
of the heaps of ancient rubbish and emptied the overflowing cess- 
pools, yellow fever vanished. There were no deaths from this 
disease during the months of June and July in the year of 1901, 
and there was comparatively little sickness during the months 
named, yet the country was filled with American soldiers, not yet 
acclimated, or accustomed, to the heat of the country. 

Symptoms. — First there is sudden onset, with severe pains in 
the stomach or bowels, back and lower limbs, and severe headache. 
The vessels about the stomach are gorged with blood; there is a 
rapid rise in temperature, the face is flushed, the pulse is rapid, 
and there is loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. If the patient 
lives, there is improvement within two or three days; he becomes 
more comfortable and may recover. If recovery does not follow, 
the relapse shows all the symptoms exaggerated. The ejections 
from the stomach become darker, and in some cases almost black, 
hence the name "black vomit." There is great prostration. The 
skin becomes yellow. This is said to be due to the destruction 
of the red blood corpuscles. There are degenerative changes in 
the liver and kidneys. The temperature is subnormal. These 
symptoms are followed by collapse and death. Deaths have 
occurred in 24 to 48 hours. 



1 36 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment. — 

In severe cases there is not much that can be done with 
drugs. 5 or 10 grain doses of Calomel may be given, and any of 
the usual means to prevent vomiting. If the patient is cold, apply 
artificial heat and give Tincture of Belladonna — 20 to 30 drops to a 
dose. Repeat every hour or two until the surface is warm and 
the face is flushed. In cases that are less severe, treat as an 
ordinary case of biliousness. With the thorough sanitation that 
is now being instituted in yellow fever districts, the disease will 
soon become rare. 

ERUPTIVE FEVERS. 



The eruptive fevers, as measles, scarlet fever, etc., have 
many features in common. All have a period of incubation, that 
is, a time from exposure to the manifestation of the disease ; all 
are accompanied with a fever of more or less intensity preceding 
the eruption ; each fever has an eruption which is peculiar to 
itself; and each is contagious and occurs most commonly in child- 
hood, rarely attacking the same person twice. 

CHICKEN POX. — This is a mild, contagious, eruptive 
disease, confined almost exclusively to children, and to which the 
system is subject but once. It is neither distressing nor danger- 
ous, but is not infrequently confounded with a light case of small- 
pox as the symptoms of the two diseases are similar in some 
particulars. 

Cause. — A contagious poison to which children only are 
subject. 

Symptoms. — Slight indisposition, impaired appetite, consti- 
pation and mild febrile symptoms, followed, probably within 
twenty-four hours, with an eruption on the body and extremities 
(rarely on the face ) in the form of vesicles ( little blisters or 
sacs) . These vesicles are not preceded by pimples, as in small-pox 
( see small-pox symptoms ) , and are not hollow in the centre. 
They are transparent and vary from the size of a pin-head to 
a split pea. On the fifth or sixth day they begin to dry, a process 
which is rapidly accomplished. Scabs then form and fall off as 
in small-pox, but they rarely leave a permanent scar. 

Treatments . — 

Treatment Without a Doctor. — For chicken-pox all that is 
necessary to do is to keep the child in the house. Give warm 
drinks to bring the rash out, and keep him from the air and out 
of draughts. In all eruptive diseases exclude fatty foods, that 
is, fat meats, etc. (Butter is not a fat.) Restrict to a diet of 
broths, beef tea and vegetables as much as possible. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 137 

No particular treatment is needed, but until the rash appears 
there may be quite a little fever, and for this Aconite may be 
given. Put 6 drops of Aconite into a glass of water and give a 
teaspoonful every three or four hours. After the rash appears, 
give three times a day. 

A. Dust surface with flour or starch to stop itching, keep 
bowels open and avoid taking cold. Treat each sore as needed 
for any small sore. Avoid rubbing or picking about face. — (13). 

SMALL-POX, or VARIOLA. — Variola, the technical 
name for this disease, is derived from the Greek word varus, 
meaning a pimple. The disease itself is an acute inflammation 
of the skin, characterized by febrile symptoms and an eruption in 
the form of pimples. These pimples first feel like shot under the 
skin, but later develop, become watery, change to pus, and 
finally scabs form which drop off, leaving pits in the flesh. The 
time of incubation is from ten to sixteen days. It is a highly 
contagious disease. 

Small-pox is divided into four varieties : The modified or 
varioloid, a very mild form; the discrete, where the pocks remain 
separate; the confluent, where the pocks spread and join together; 
and the malignant. The last form seldom occurs. Such a case 
is evidence that the system was very unhealthy before the disease 
began. 

Cause. — A specific ferment which sets up fermentation in the 
system. When digestion, oxidation or elimination are inter- 
fered with, there is more or less waste present; this is admitted 
by all. The specific ferment sets up fermentation in this waste 
just as the specific ferment, yeast, sets up fermentation in starch 
in bread making. The severity of the case is governed by the 
condition of the system. In a healthy man the specific ferment 
produces no result because there is no waste. That is why some 
escape the disease while others have it. Some of the products of 
fermentation are poisonous to the system ; some of the products 
of yeast fermentation are poisonous. In bread making the yeast 
fermentation produces Carbonic Acid, which is a deadly poison 
to all animal life. It is the different poisons resulting from 
different ferments that produce contagious diseases. The various 
poisons resulting from these ferments produce different effects 
upon the system, as shown in small-pox, erysipelas, measles, etc., 
and this accounts for the different infectious diseases. 

These principles were taught by the late Prof. W. B. Car- 
penter, recognized as the world's greatest physiologist. 

The varieties of small-pox as here described represent the 
disease rather as it occurred years ago, when hygiene was neither 
known nor practiced. To-day small-pox is not considered so 



1 38 FAVORITE MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

dangerous a disease. These forms are seldom met, and, if we 
are to judge the future by the past, then we must conclude that 
with clean and wholesome surroundings, while there may be 
variations in its severity, it will not again prove so destructive to 
human life as in those days when its path was marked by suffer- 
ing, misery and death. The Plague once swept over and devas- 
tated whole countries; to-day the plague is but a relic of the past. 
Leprosy \ once so dreaded, we have learned to look upon only as a 
filth disease, hence we do not fear it. Malaria is controlled by 
surroundings, and to-day we hear little of it. Yellow Fever had 
been prevalent in Havana for many years, but, as stated elsewhere, 
when the Americans went over and emptied the overflowing 
cess-pools and carried away the ancient rubbish, yellow fever 
vanished; and we think it but reasonable to believe that with 
attention to fresh air and cleanliness small-pox will go the way of 
leprosy, yellow fever and the plague. What applies to these 
diseases will apply with equal force to other diseases. 

All understand that there are many cases of small-pox so 
mild that they are diagnosed with difficulty. This has always 
been true in this disease. The symptoms given below are 
intended to represent well- developed cases, i. e., severe cases. 

Discrete Form. — The patient is taken suddenly with a 
violent chill, followed by high fever, a rapid pulse and intense 
headache. As the fever comes on he is subject to nausea and 
vomiting. Vomiting at this time is characteristic of the disease, 
and another very characteristic symptom is a severe pain in the 
back, extending also into the lower limbs. Convulsions may 
occur, especially in children, or the patient may be delirious. 
About the third day the rash makes its appearance, first about 
the mouth and on the forehead, or about the roots of the hair, 
but soon noticeable on the wrists, neck, breast, etc., spreading 
over the entire body in the course of a few hours, and continuing 
to come out (the spots increasing in number) for two or three 
days. With the appearance of the eruption the fever and all f eh He 
symptoms abate, and the patient is, for a season, comparatively 
comfortable, while in a case of the measles the fever increases 
when the eruption appears. 

The rash has at first the appearance of coarse red spots, not 
unlike the eruption in measles, for which it is sometimes mis- 
taken. Soon, however, the center of the spots harden and 
become slightly prominent, and are distinct to the touch, particu- 
larly at the wrists, where they "feel like shots under the skin." 
The prominence develops into papulae (pimples) , and about the 
sixth day of the disease these become filled with a clear, watery 
liquid; they are now termed vesicles. The vesicles attain to about 
the size of a small pea, but continue separate and distinct, and 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 139 

become slightly depressed in the center. This depression is an 
unmistakable sign of small-pox. Another symptom is the 
following: First let us remember that small-pox vesicles are 
divided into many chambers, giving them a honeycombed appear- 
ance. By taking a needle and carefully opening a vesicle upon 
one side, it will be found that only a small part of the secretions 
escape and that the elevation feels as firm and resistant as before. 
In other words, the vesicle is not emptied, but only the single 
chamber pierced by the needle. Gradually the liquid contained 
in the vesicles loses its clear appearance, and by the ninth day 
they have become pustules (the so-called "pocks"), filled with a 
yellowish matter from which a very offensive odor is emitted. 
The pustules, which are encircled by a band of red, become 
greatly inflamed and swollen, giving a distorted appearance, the 
features being almost unrecognizable if the eruption is thickly set. 
This is the most critical stage of the disease. The fever returns 
and is attended with prominent nervous phenomena, the patient 
becoming wildly delirious, or perhaps coma resulting. On the 
eleventh or twelfth day, in favorable cases, the pustules, which 
by this time are so filled with matter that the central depression 
is lost and they have become pointed instead, show signs of dry- 
ing up, or many of them may burst. This stage of the disease 
is attended with great itching of the skin. Scabs now begin to 
form, the secondary fever declines and convalescence is estab- 
lished. 

Not only is the external skin affected in small-pox, but cer- 
tain portions of the mucous membrane also, particularly the 
lining of the mouth and throat. The swelling in the throat 
presses upon the glands and causes much discomfort. The 
inflammation extends also to the lining of the nasal passages, is 
not infrequently communicated to the eye, and may affect other 
of the mucous membranes. 

Confluent Form. — The same general symptoms characterize 
this variety of small-pox that are exhibited in the discrete form, 
but all are much severer: The invasion is more violent, the fever 
runs higher, the patient is more prostrated, the eruption makes 
its appearance the second day instead of the third, and the pocks, 
instead of being single, run together and form great blisters. 
This is more particularly true on the face than of the eruption 
elsewhere, the disfigurement of the features thus caused being 
shocking to witness. The mucous membranes, too, are affected 
with proportionately greater severity, and dangerous complica- 
tions are more liable to result. The death rate in the confluent 
variety is fifty per cent. 

Malignant Form. — From this variety none recover. The 
course of the disease is short and violent; the patient is appar- 



140 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

ently overwhelmed from the start. Hemorrhages are frequent 
and livid spots appear on the flesh; but death usually occurs, 
either by convulsions or coma, before the characteristic eruption 
appears. 

Modified Form, or Varioloid. — In this form all the symp- 
toms are modified. It is a mild form. Its course is shorter, it is 
not attended with a secondary fever, and it is rarely fatal. In 
some cases it amounts to an indisposition only rather than an 
illness. 
Treatments — 

What to Do. — If the disease is prevalent or a person knows 
he has been exposed, the usual course is to be vaccinated the first 
thing, even though he may have been vaccinated before. In case 
of exposure the house should be quarantined and he should retire 
to a room by himself. No other members of the family, nor any 
one else, should hold direct communication with him inside of 
nine days. The first symptoms are pain in the back and head, 
and when these symptoms appear the doctor should be called and, 
if possible, some one who has had the disease engaged to act as 
nurse. 

A. A mild case of small-pox may be treated the same as a 
case of scarlet fever, i. e. : Isolate the patient; secure an abundance 
of fresh air; if the patient feels hot, maintain a low even temper- 
ature and give cool sponge baths, as these produce a feeling of 
rest and quiet; give light, nourishing diet; for the fever, give 
Aconite — a i-drop dose of the Tincture of Aconite every hour 
while the fever lasts; give an abundance of pure cold water; 
give some mild antiseptics to keep the bowels healthy, as, 5 
grains of Salol every two or three hours, or, 5-grain doses of the 
Sulphocarbolates of Iyime, Soda and Zinc combined; if the patient 
feels chilly and the surface is cold, increase the temperature of 
the room, apply artificial heat, and give hot drinks — stimulants. 

Where the case is graver, where there is depression of the 
vital forces from the absorption of pus during the suppurative 
(pus forming) stage, the conditions will not admit of fever reme- 
dies without they are supported by stimulants, which may be 
given in the form of hot sling, Tincture of Capsicum in hot water, 
or red pepper tea well diluted with hot water and sweetened with 
sugar. When there is great prostration, with low muttering 
delirium, increase the antiseptics, that is, the Salol or Sulphocar- 
bolates; also give Tincture of Belladonna in 10-drop doses every 
hour until the circulation is improved and the surface is warm. 
The nasal cavities, mouth and throat should be sprayed two or 
three times a day with Marschand's Peroxide Hydrogen diluted 
with an equal amount of water, or, in very severe cases, used 
full strength. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 141 

It is to prevent conditions like the last named that we wish 
to speak particularly. We believe that primarily small-pox 
presents no serious morbid changes or difficulties; and that if it 
could be arrested before the watery fluid in the vesicles changes 
to pus, the disease would be comparatively mild and harmless and 
the name small-pox lose its terrors. To prevent i?us formation the 
following treatments are recommended: 

1 . Make a saturated solution of Epsom Salts, for example, 
one pint, and add to this one-half ounce of Aromatic Sulphuric 
Acid. About the fifth or sixth day, or before evidence of pus 
makes its appearance, heat the mixture and sponge the patient 
thoroughly with it morning and evening. Repeat the bath, 
or sponging, the next day, or any time thereafter if there is 
evidence of suppuration. 

2. Make a 10 per cent solution of Corrosive Sublimate, or add 
6 drachms of the Corrosive Sublimate to one pint of water, heat 
quite hot, see that the Corrosive Sublimate is thoroughly dis- 
solved, and sponge the patient as above directed. Use this solu- 
tion only when there is danger of pus formation, and only on 
such part or parts of the body as the danger appears. 

Important.— The Corrosive Sublimate solution is the stronger 
of the two, and while we recommend this treatment, its applica- 
tion should be under the direction of a physician. The bottle 
containing the Sublimate should be labeled "poison." 

In applying either wash be careful to protect the eyes, that 
is, not to let any of the fluid get into them. 

These and other strong antiseptics will prevent the watery 
fluid in the vesicles from changing to pus, and render the dis- 
charge absolutely harmless. When we remember that it is the 
formation and absorption of pus that poisons the patient and 
produces the secondary fever, aggravates all the symptoms and 
renders the disease so dangerous and fatal, we can readily see 
that if this change can be intercepted, or prevented, the disease 
will be rendered mild and harmless. 



VACCINATION AND ANTI-VACCINATION. 



Vaccination has been established and practiced in many coun- 
tries for many years — centuries in fact, and those who support 
this practice claim that those who have been successfully vaccin- 
ated need have absolutely no fear of small-pox. They claim that 
vaccination produces the disease in a mild form and after this the 
system is immune. The vaccine used to vaccinate people is 
obtained from cows suffering with a disease called cow-pox. The 
vaccine is taken from the sores which appear on the cow, and by 



142 



FAVORITE, MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



scarifying the skin (usually of the arm) the vaccine is applied 
and enters the circulation. Those who support these principles 
claim that the cow-pox and small-pox are one and the same 
disease, and that is why the system is rendered immune after the 
light attack following vaccination. 

Those who oppose vaccination claim that it does not protect 
from small-pox. They claim that cow-pox and small-pox are not 
the same; that the poison or vaccine does not produce the 
same disease and that is why vaccination does not protect. They 
claim that grease from the horse's hock will produce the same 
vesicles and the same disease as the vaccine from the cow, and at 
one time Jenner himself claimed this to be true and used grease 
from the horse on a large scale; it was in general use in many 
European hospitals. This part of their claim is a matter of his- 
tory. Many medical men admit that ' ' vaccination is by no means 
harmless, but that it is the lesser of two evils." The anti- 
vaccinationists claim that scrofula, chronic eczema and erysipelas 
follow vaccination more or less frequently. This is also admitted 
by many of the medical profession. Ulcers, abscesses, syphilis, 
loss of sight, and other diseases also follow some cases of vaccin- 
ation. The many recent fatalities in New Jersey and other states 
following vaccination has given the practice a hard blow. 

We do not wish to be understood as advising for or against 
vaccination; the reader must judge for himself. Since the prac- 
tice has existed so long, and there is still so much dispute, we 
think it but simple justice to briefly mention the claims of both 

sides. 

Note. — It is generally understood that Edward Jenner discovered 
vaccination, yet vaccination was practiced in very ancient times — 2,000 years 
before our Christian era. The Sanskrit contains a clear description of vaccin- 
ation, which has been translated by Dr. Michea. 

MEASLES. — This disease, which is characterized by 
catarrhal symptoms and an eruption of the skin, is both contagious 
and epidemic. As an epidemic it makes its appearance usually 
in January and lasts until about May, but individual cases may 
occur at any time of year. As persons are subject to it but once 
one epidemic is not likely to be followed by another for a number 
of years, although there are generally a number of cases the next 
season after an epidemic among those who escaped the preceding 
year. The disease is, as a rule, contracted in youth, and the 
young are attacked with less severity than persons of more mature 
years.! 

Cause. — A contagion which is particularly communicable to 
children. 

Symptoms. — From ten to fourteen days elapse from the time 
of contracting the disease before the patient begins to "come 
down ' ' with it. During the last few days of this period he is 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 143 

likely to feel more or less indisposed. About the tenth to four- 
teenth day a feeling of chilliness comes on, and he has the appear- 
ance of having contracted a severe cold in the head. There is 
some fever; the catarrh, which extends to the eyes, continues. 
They become red and the lids swollen; also a hoarse cough is 
developed; there is muscular soreness all over the body, and 
may be headache, or the patient may exhibit drowsiness. On the 
fourth day the rash appears, first on the forehead and face, in the 
form of red dots. These dots generally run together and spread 
all over the body. They are very slightly elevated and rough to 
the touch, but the skin not covered with the rash is natural in 
appearance, whereas in scarlet fever it is uniformly red. In 
scarlet fever, too, the eruption comes on earlier and there is no 
catarrh. With the apbearance of the rash the fever, mild at first, 
increases, and the catarrh is aggravated. After the second day 
the eruption begins to grow dull — more brownish — and by the 
ninth day or earlier, has disappeared altogether, followed, if the 
attack has been severe, by a peeling off of the skin in minute 
flakes. The patient's eyes remain weak, and the cough is likely 
to continue for a time. 

One of the most important considerations in a case of measles 
Is the care that should be taken, both during incubation (if the 
patient knows he has been exposed) and recovery, not to become 
exposed to draughts, cold, etc., as the catarrhal condition men- 
tioned extends along the bronchial tubes, and the danger is the 
tendency towards lung diseases, especially in those of scrofulous 
constitution. Measles may also be followed with inflammation 
of the eyes, impaired hearing, or chronic catarrh. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do. — The first symptom in measles is that of a com- 
mon cold, accompanied with a dry, hacking cough. So if the 
disease is anywhere around, the parent should be on the lookout 
for this symptom, and when the child begins coughing, keep him 
in the house. With the appearance of the rash soak his feet 
in warm water, as warm as he can bear, put him to bed and 
give him warm herb drinks — Saffron tea is best. I,et him drink 
of it freely. Get him to sweating and see that he does not cool 
off too soon. Keep him moist and do not allow cold air to strike 
him, though in all cases the room should be well ventilated. For 
the fever that precedes the rash, take Aconite (see Chicken- Pox). 
If the rash comes out nicely, it is not necessary to have a phy- 
sician unless as a matter of satisfaction to the parent; but the 
greatest care must be taken to prevent chilling, in which case the 
rash will in all probability be driven back, and a doctor should 
then be immediately summoned. The cough is aggravating and 



144 PA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

will last for a week or two after the measles have disappeared and 
the child gets out. An excellent thing for this cough is Hoar- 
hound. Steep it up, sweeten it, make a syrup and give freely. 
The throat may be quite sore, and, as in other fevers, the patient 
is very thirsty. Let him have all the cold water or lemonade 
he wants to drink. The room should be darkened as light is 
painful to the eyes. 

A. Keep the patient well housed and warm in well- ventilated 
room, and give all the cold water he can drink. This treatment 
well attended to will be all most patients will need. — (30). 

B. For racking cough and restlessness, put % grain Morphine 
in li glass of water. Give one teaspoonf ul after cough — perhaps 
each hour — to give rest. Don't give it except needed to quiet, 
and don't give to infants. — (43). 

For the Itching That Sometimes Accompanies This 
Disease. — If the fever is high and there is much irritation and 
restlessness, give a bath once a day; twice if necessary. If this 
does not relieve the trouble, apply pure Sweet Oil, or Vaseline 
containing 5 drops of Carbolic Acid to the ounce. 

A uniform temperature should be maintained, not only 
through the disease, but during convalescence, as this lessens the 
danger of taking cold, and in many cases the child is more easily 
managed as the skin is particularly sensitive at this time. 

For Measles Cough. — If the cough is troublesome, or 

lingers after the disease disappears, give the following: 

Sulphate of Codeine 1 grain. 

Tincture of Nux Vomica % drachm. 

Syrup of Wild Cherry 1 ounce. 

Water enough to make all 2 ounces. 

Dose. — Teaspoonful three or four times a 
day, 

or, 

Put \]/ z ounces of Fellows' Syrup of Hypo- 
phosphites into a 4-ounce bottle and nil the 
bottle with Maltine. Mix by shaking together, 
and give one teaspooful at meal time and one 
at bedtime. Give small doses oftener, if 
needed. 

FALSE MEASLES.-— Also called German Measles, Rotkeln, 
Roseola, etc. — This is a trivial affection, resembling measles, but 
lacking the pronounced catarrhal and other severe symptoms. No 
complications arise and no ill effects follow it. The patient may 
feel mildly indisposed for a day or two before the rash appears — 
perhaps has a sore throat and a mild fever. The eruption appears 
first on the upper part of the body in red dots. By the time it 
reaches the limbs it is beginning to fade where it first made 
its appearance. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 145 

Treatment. — 

Give first a cathartic, and follow with either the Sulpho- 
carbolates or Salol in the proper dose four times a day — after 
meals and at bedtime. A dose of either for a child five years old 
would be 2 grains. Restrict the diet, give an abundance of pure 
water, secure good ventilation and prevent taking cold. 

Note. — There are those who believe Measles and German Measles are 
the same disease — that the so-called German Measles are but a mild form of 
Measles proper. 

SCARLATINA, or, (as commonly called), SCARLET 
FEVER. — This is usually a disease of childhood, although grown 
people may have it, and even die of it. It is an acute inflamma- 
tion of the skin and mucous membrane, characterized by a diffused 
scarlet flush and rash covering more or less of the whole body and 
extending along the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, air 
tubes of the lungs, digestive tract, middle ear, the collecting tubes 
of the kidneys, etc. 

Three varieties of scarlet fever are recognized, and it may be 
said in this connection that if the child's system is unhealthy 
before the attack, whether from bad surroundings, improper 
nourishment, constitutionally or otherwise, the disease is more 
likely to assume a malignant type. 

Scarlatina Simple. — This is a light form with no compli- 
cations. 

Scarlatina Angina. — This name is given to a variety where 
the symptoms are all increased, especially those of the throat. In 
this variety the swelling and pressure of the throat structures 
cause great pain, the patient swallowing with the greatest diffi- 
culty. The swelling may be so great as to shut off the circulation 
and produce local death — gangrene. This is the condition present 
in the disease called Black Diphtheria. This, however, seldom 
occurs. 

Scarlatina Malignant. This is a form in which the 
condition is still more grave. The eruption is delayed, nervous 
disturbances are marked, and the pulse is rapid and feeble due to 
weakness from the poison in the system. 

The circulation being feeble, the surface of the body receives 

but little blood, the skin is pale, and there is little or no rash. 

The temperature may be below normal, and collapse and death 

may soon follow. If eruption occurs in this variety, it may be in 

patches and of a purplish hue, showing that the circulation is 

sluggish. There is no distinct dividing line between the three 

forms of scarlatina. They may merge one into another as day 

passes into night. The malignant form seldom occurs. 
10 



146 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Symptoms. — Following are the symptoms of scarlet fever, yet 
it should be remembered that some of the symptoms may be 
absent, and some or all may be so modified as to render the case 
doubtful. 

Scarlet fever begins suddenly, sometimes with a chill or chill- 
iness. With children there may be convulsions; these are more 
liable to occur in weak children. There is frequently nausea and 
vomiting, though this is not severe. High fever is one of the 
early symptoms. The glands of the neck are swollen, the throat 
is red and inflamed and the tongue coated. There is frequently 
delirium, but this is usually mild and lasts but a short time. 

The rash. — In twenty-four to thirty-six hours there is a 
bright rash, first appearing in the roof of the mouth, on the 
tongue, face, neck or breast, and spreading rapidly over the body. 
The rash first appears as a scarlet flush, with pin-point eruptions. 
These are not perceptibly raised, and the inflammation extends 
between them, so there is no healthy skin where the rash appears. 
The rash is intensified by heat. With its appearance the patient 
may suffer from a burning sensation over the whole or parts of 
the body. The throat is also more painful; the tongue is heavily 
coated, the papillae of the tongue are elevated, and both the 
papillae and border of the tongue are of a bright red. 

On the fourth or fifth day the fever declines and the eruption 
fades. If there has been but little rash, the eruption may fade 
earlier. From the sixth to the eighth day scaling of the outer 
skin commences; this continues for one week or more. In mild 
cases scaling is not perceptible. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — If the disease is prevalent, 
or the child has been exposed, when he commences to complain 
or the parent thinks he is coming down with it, begin giving 
warm drinks so as to bring out the rash as quickly as possible. 
Some herb tea is the best thing. If the rash is at all delayed, send 
immediately for the doctor; or if the child is taken violently ill, 
for instance, has convulsions, it is best to call the doctor at once. 

The rash appears first in the roof of the mouth. As soon as 
it appears on the surface the best thing that can be done is to 
grease the child all over, from the hair to the soles of the feet 
and the inside of the hands, with the rind of bacon or other 
smoked meats. Do this about twice a day, night and morning, 
and be sure to exclude the air while doing it so that a chill will 
not result. If no smoked meat is at hand, the rind of salt pork 
may be used, but it is not so good on account of the creosote con- 
tained in the smoked article. The rind should be held by a stove 
or grate and warmed before applying. The fleshy or greasy side, 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 147 

of course, is the side to apply. This stops the intense itching and 
is one of the best remedies that can be used. Or Sweet Oil or 
Vaseline, which make a more agreeable application, may be used 
instead. 

No other children should be allowed to communicate with 
the patient. The disease may also be carried in clothing, in the 
hair of adults or in the hair of a dog with which the child has 
played, especially when peeling. 

How to Help the Doctor. — Frequent bathing with water 
slightly warm will aid largely in controlling fever and producing 
a feeling of quiet. Bathing also helps to control burning and 
itching. Cover lightly in bed, and give abundance of fresh air 
and pure cold water; or lemonade may be given, and is greatly 
desired by some children. For the digestive tract, attend to the 
eliminations and give some mild disinfectant, as Salol, from 1 to 3 
grains every two or three hours; or, in mild cases three times a 
day would be enough. This dose is suitable up to five or six 
years of age, and may be increased for older children. See if the 
kidneys are active. If the fever is high, maintain a low, even 
temperature. If the surface is cold and the skin pale, apply 
external heat and give stimulants in the form of hot drinks to 
produce sweating. This will aid in bringing out the rash. 

A. Tincture of Aconite, y^ drop. Repeat every half hour 
until skin becomes moist. Plenty of fresh air and pure water. — 

(29.) 

B. Give child a hot bath and put it to bed, keep it quiet and 
call the doctor. — (38.) 

If fever is high, give a cold sponge bath every one or 
two hours. Keep bowels open, and give patient all the water he 
can drink. If throat is sore, use gargle or spray of: 

Boracic Acid 1% drachms. 

Peroxide of Hydrogen 4 ounces. 

Rub patient with Olive Oil twice daily. — (61). 

What Scarlet Fever May Be Followed With.— The 

majority of those having scarlet fever make a rapid and complete 
recovery. Occasionally, however, the child is left with some 
chronic affection. Chronic inflammation of the middle ear may 
follow; or an abscess may farm in the middle ear during the pro- 
gress of the disease. This usually breaks through the outer 
membrane and discharges externally, though it may in rare 
instances penetrate to and cause abscess of the brain. Inflammation 
of the ear without abscess may result in more or less deafness. 
Chronic sore throat not infrequently follows the fever ; or it may 
be followed with chronic inflammation of the eyelids, or inflam- 
mation of the eyeball, causing blindness, or chronic diarrhea, 
rheumatism, Bright' s disease, heart disease and dropsy. 



148 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

After-Effects, to Guard Against. — Intelligence should be 
exercised along these lines, even without instructions from the 
doctor. The mother's care and judgment should be sufficient to 
meet indications of difficulty as they arise, and relieve all possi- 
bility of chronic ailments following upon this disease. 

Itching of the Skin in Scarlet Fever. — Under the treat- 
ments for measles it is stated that the skin is sensitive for a 
time. This condition applies more particularly to scarlet fever. 
The scaling or peeling of the outer skin leaves the deeper layer 
(true skin) more or less unprotected, and for this reason, as well 
as to prevent taking cold, the child should be kept in a uniform 
temperature. If there remains a sense of heat or itching, apply 
pure Sweet Oil, or Vaseline containing five drops of Carbolic 
Acid to the ounce. Either is harmless, and will usually over- 
come the difficulty and render the condition one of quiet and 
satisfaction. 

Chronic Inflammation of the Kidneys.— Care should be 
exercised for some time in feeding. Any evidence of indigestion 
should be met with a more careful diet. The bowels should be 
kept regular. Small doses of antiseptics should be given for ten 
days or two weeks. For this purpose give 2 or 3 grains of Salol 
three times a day. This may be given in pill or powder. It is 
tasteless and a child will take it without difficulty. Give plenty 
of pure water for some time after the disease, as this aids in 
flushing the small blood vessels, and is really one of the best 
means of preventing congestion or inflammation of the kidneys. 
Evidence of indigestion may often be found in the urine. If it is 
scanty or high-colored, or if there is ' 'brick dust" sediment, it is 
evidence that the digestion is interfered with and that the kidneys 
are called upon to do extra work in eliminating waste material. 
This excess would have a tendency to precipitate Bright' s disease, 
hence the need of attention at this particular time. 

Chronic Inflammation of the Throat. — The throat should 
be sprayed or gargled with Peroxide of Hydrogen diluted with 
an equal amount of water. 

Indication of Weak Heart. — If the child tires easily and 
there is shortness of breath, it is an indication that the heart 
needs strengthening. For this trouble give 2-drop or 3-drop 
doses of Tincture of Digitalis three times a day. 

If the child continues pale, it is evidence that too much blood 
remains in the internal organs, and this increases the danger of 
throat and kidney troubles. For this give from 3-drop to 5-drop 
doses of the Tincture of Belladonna every three hours until the 
skin is flushed and the color healthy. Repeat this treatment 
whenever needed. If there is no change after a few doses, 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 149 

increase the amount or give the same dose oftener. Remember 
that as long as the circulation is uniform there is no danger of 
inflammation or chronic after-effects, and there is no remedy 
better suited to control the circulation than Belladonna. Also 
remember that the pale face may be due, not so much to a lack 
of circulation as to a lack of blood to circulate. Especial atten- 
tion should always be given to nourishment in these cases. 



MALARIAL FEVERS. 



Malarial Fevers are supposed to be caused by an animal par- 
asite which enters the system and passes its cycle of development, 
or period of life, in the blood cells. The cycle of development 
varies from twenty- four to seventy- two hours. The parasites 
pass through the whole period of their existence in this time, at 
the end of which the parent, or mature parasite, subdivides into 
ten to twenty parasites, each one of which attacks a new blood 
corpuscle to repeat the story of its parent's existence. The period 
between the paroxysms of chills and fever corresponds to the life 
period of the parasite in the blood. 

The malarial parasite is hidden in countless millions in 
marshy districts and decaying vegetable matter ready for entrance 
into the human system. It is believed to be carried into the 
system by water or by the air we breathe. Of late it has been 
proven that mosquitoes, etc. , frequently carry the parasite. Hot 
weather, hot climate and low elevation aid the spread of the 
disease, while cold weather, cold climate and high elevation check 
it almost entirely. 

Under the head of malarial fevers may be classed Intermittent 
(fever and ague), Remittent ', Relapsing, Typho- Malarial and 
Pernicious. All of these fevers excepting intermittent fever, 
however, may be due to bilious conditions as well as to malaria. 
The evidence of malaria is the regular recurrence of the parox- 
ysms of chills and fever. With this exception there is no distinct 
dividing line between the fevers mentioned. Fever means poison 
in the system, and, while primarily poison may be the effect or 
result of bad air (malaria), it is also the effect and result of 
retained waste. Unhealthy surroundings may institute the first 
effect by producing a general morbid condition, thus rendering 
all the organs sluggish. Tissue change — repair and waste — is 



150 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

interfered with. There is indigestion, thus increasing the amount 
of eliminative work, but elimination is checked and gradually the 
system is overcome. 

The evidence of this condition manifests itself differently in 
different individuals. With some the symptoms may appear 
early, while with others they may be held in abeyance until the 
system is so overpowered that they break forth with sudden and 
overwhelming effect. This is more likely to be the result in the 
strong and robust because their vitality is stronger. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment is the same: elimination and tonics. Secure 
thorough elimination by the bowels; keep the kidneys active, or, 
if there is danger of congestion of these organs, apply hot poul- 
tices across the back, changing them often; give plenty of pure 
water; give frequent baths to insure free elimination by the skin; 
rub the surface until it is in a bright glow, which will aid in 
relieving congestion by equalizing the circulation; give nourish- 
ing food; give intestinal antiseptics — from 2 to 10 grains of 
Salol every two to four hours, according to age and condition of 
the bowels. Offensive odor calls for more antiseptics; if odor is 
absent, give less. 

For internal treatment nothing is better than Quinine and 
Fowler's Solution — 2 grains Quinine and 5 drops of Fowler's 
Solution before meals and at bedtime. In severe cases this dose 
may be increased. Fowler's Solution is only a means of giving 
Arsenic. The solution contains one per cent of that drug. 
Arsenic is eliminated by the skin, hence in the process of elimina- 
tion it is brought intimately in contact with all the tissues. 
Again, Arsenic has the power of protecting seven thousand 
times its own weight of tissue from degenerative changes; in other 
words, rendering the tissues healthy. Arsenic is also believed to 
possess a special nutritive action on the heart. If digestion is 
interfered with, be more careful about the diet, and, if needed, 
give artificial digestants. 

INTERMITTENT FEVER.— Consists of febrile attacks 
at regular intervals, between which attacks the patient is free 
from fever. It is commonly spoken of as " fever and ague," or 
' ' chills and fever. ' ' 

Cause. — Intermittent fever is supposed to be due to the para- 
site of malaria, as mentioned in the preceding description of 
Malarial Fevers. 

Symptoms. — There is a succession of symptoms, which may 
be divided into three stages, as follows: 



DISEASES AND TRBA TMENTS. 1 5 1 

The Cold Stage. — The attack usually comes on with a pain in 
the head and loins, a desire to yawn and stretch, and a coldness 
of the extremities. These symptoms are followed by shivering, 
which generally develops into violent shaking accompanied with 
a chattering of the teeth. 

The Hot Stage. — This stage follows the cold stage, and is 
characterized by high fever. The change from the one to the 
other is usually gradual, the chilly sensations being alternated 
with flashes of heat until a fever is developed. The change, 
however, may be quite sudden. The skin, which before was 
pale, now becomes flushed and extremely hot and sensitive. A 
severe pain in the head and intense thirst are marked symptoms 
of this stage. 

The Sweating Stage. — As the fever passes off the skin be- 
comes moist, and this moisture increases, frequently, to a pro- 
fuse sweat; the body returns to its normal temperature, the pains 
and aches disappear, and the patient falls into a refreshing slum- 
ber. He awakens free from any symptoms of the disease, but, 
of course, more or less exhausted from the effects of the par- 
oxysm. 

There are variations from these symptoms. In the so-called 
"dumb ague" the chill is slight or unnoticeable, but the other 
symptoms are apparent. The attack may consist of any one of 
the three stages — the chill, the fever or the profuse perspiration 
— or there may be a regular recurrence of pain in some part of 
the body, one side of the head or some feature of the face. The 
regular return of such symptoms indicates malarial origin. 

Ague Cake. — During the cold stage the blood is driven 
inward from the surface and particularly oppresses the spleen, 
which, in cases of long standing, becomes swollen and perma- 
nently enlarged. This swelling may be distinctly felt, and is 
often quite perceptible to the eye. 

Treatments. — 

A. A person need not be troubled with the ague very long 
who will take the following remedy: 

Quinine 1 drachm. 

Capsicum 15 grains. 

Iron ( f erri sub carbonus ) l / z drachm. 

Have this mixed and put up in doses of 10 
grains each, taking every four hours. Or, if it 
is not put up in regular doses, take of the 
mixture what you can hold on the point of a 
case-knife every four hours. 



152 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

B. Give 15 grains of Quinine five hours before the expected 
attack. Give Fowler's Solution of Arsenic in 10-drop doses after 
meals, also give 3 grains of Quinine at the same time. 

C. Give 16 to 20 grains of Quinine at one dose five hours 
before the expected chill, followed by smaller doses, say 3 grains 
four times a day. — (51). 

D. Quinine, three 5-grain doses taken every day till cured. 
Also put a handful of rusty nails into a gallon jug of hard cider 
and take a wineglassful after meals till all is taken. — (14). 

E. Boneset tea; then Quinine to full effect — buzzing in the 
head.— (6). 

F. Open bowels freely with Compound Cathartic pills. Give 
3 -grain Quinine capsules every three hours till chills are broken, 
then give 3 grains two or three times a day for a week. Keep 
bowels open freely every day. — (13). 

G. Quinine Sulphate in 2-grain doses every three hours. 

In malaria the next best thing to Quinine is a thorough 
elimination bath every other day. — (42). 

H. Adults should be treated with Quinine Sulphate at the 
rate of one grain for every hour in the 24 for about two days. 
Best administered by the mouth in 4 to 6 grain doses. After the 
paroxysms are broken, preventive doses of 1 or 2 grains three 
times daily should be administered along with Iron tonics to 
restore the blood. — (31). 

I. Take Quinine, 5 grains every four hours, commencing as 
soon as the sweating stage comes on, Open bowels freely with 
cathartic — best Compound Cathartic pills, three at a dose. After 
chills are broken the following pills: 

Strychnine Sulphate 1 grain. 

Arsenous Acid 1 " 

Quinine Sulphate 1 drachm. 

Extract of Gentian enough to make pill mass. 
Divide into 30 pills. 

A pill after each meal. Quinine should be stopped after 
chills are broken, but taken again as above on the 6th, 7th, 13th, 
14th, 20th and 21st days. — (35). 

REMITTENT or Bilious FEVER.— Remittent Fever and 
Intermittent Fever have a succession of paroxysms that are nearly 
identical, the differentiation being in the third stage of the 
paroxysm, which in the one is remittent and in the other intermit- 
tent. Remittent fever is the more severe. The bilious fever 
mentioned here is not to be confounded with the condition known 
as biliousness. 



DISBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 153 

Cause. — The malarial parasite; or changes from heat to cold, 
by which the secretions are lessened, or checked; are supposed to 
be the causes of derangement in the liver and other organs by 
which a large amount of bile is retained in the system, causing 
this variety of fever. It is generally quite mild in the North, 
especially where the general surface of the land is dry and rolling; 
but in the South, and where the general surface of the land is 
low and flat, it is severe, and often of a congestive or pernicious 
character. 

Symptoms. — Remittent fever begins with a chill and pain or 
uneasiness in the upper part of the abdomen. The chill is fol- 
lowed by a hot stage during which there is persistent vomiting, 
also pain in the head and limbs. The temperature rises, some- 
times to such a degree as to be attended with delirium. The bowels 
are costive, the evacuations being dark-colored and ill-smelling, 
and the urine is high-colored and scanty. The skin has a jaun- 
diced appearance. The hot stage in the remittent form lasts 
considerably longer than in the intermittent form, sometimes con- 
tinuing for twenty-four hours. As in intermittent fever, the hot 
stage is succeeded by a sweating stage, but in the remittent form, 
as indicated by the name, there is a remission of the febrile symp- 
toms only; the fever does not entirely abate and the sweating 
is very slight. A second chill does not usually occur, but after 
two to eight or ten hours the hot stage again returns, and is 
succeeded, as at first, by a remission. The disease usually runs 
from seven to fourteen days. 

Treatments. 

What to Do Before Calling a Doctor. — First give an active 
cathartic, and if there is evidence of undigested food in the 
stomach, give an emetic to vomit the patient. An excellent remedy 
to follow with is a tea made of Pleurisy root (see chapter on herbs) . 
Take the roots of this herb and crush them if dry, or break them 
if green, put them into a dish, pour boiling water on them and 
let them simmer, and have the patient drink freely of this tea 
until he is sweating well. Continue to keep the bowels open, 
and give 10 grains of Salol four times a day; also give 5 
drops of Fowler's Solution together with 3 grains of Quinine 
three times a day. After 24 to 48 hours give plain, nourishing 
and easily digested food in rather limited amounts for a few 
days. 

If there is no improvement under this treatment, a doctor 
should be called. 

A. Antikamnia and Quinine Tablets, 10 of them. 

Give one every three hours. — (20) . 



1 54 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

TYPHO-MALARIAL FEVER.— It not infrequently 
happens in a case of remittent fever that the remissions cease and 
the fever becomes continuous. When this occurs the patient 
becomes greatly prostrated, either lying in a stupor or being 
delirious. His condition resembles that of a typhoid patient, 
hence the name, typho-malarial. 

Treatment. — 

We think that no case of remittent fever would, under the 
treatment recommended under that head, run into a typhoid 
form. If it did, other treatment than that recommended by a 
physician who was in personal attendance would hardly be of 
avail. 

RELAPSING FEVER.— This fever, as its name indicates, 
is characterized by relapses. It is also known as Bilious Typhoid 
Fever; also as Famine Fever, from the fact that the conditions of 
poverty, filth and overcrowding are favorable to it, and that it is 
frequently the accompaniment of famine. During the course of 
the fever the blood contains organisms of spiral form that keep 
constantly twisting, a sort of cork-screw movement, from which 
the disease is also known as Spirillum Fever. 

Symptoms. — The onset may be abrupt or gradual. There is 
high fever, the temperature rising progressively until about the 
sixth day. During this time there is nausea and vomiting, also 
pain in the head and limbs, particularly in the calf of the leg. 
The liver and spleen become swollen, giving rise to a feeling of 
fullness, and jaundice is usually present. On the seventh day, or 
from the fifth to the seventh day, the fever ends about as abruptly 
as it began, but returns again about the fourteenth day. There 
may be several such relapses. The patient becomes greatly 
emaciated and recovery is tedious. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Send for a doctor. In 
the meantime move the bowels with injections, soak the feet in 
warm water, put to bed and, if possible, get to sweating. If 
there is any delay in getting the doctor, the following treatment 
may be resorted to: Count out 10 teaspoonfuls of water, put into a 
glass, add 30 drops of Tincture of Aconite, and take of the solu- 
tion a teaspoonful every four hours. Alternate this with Quinine 
in 3 grain doses, giving the Aconite and Quinine two hours apart. 

General Treatment. — Iyike other lingering fevers, Relapsing 
Fever is largely influenced by surroundings. All fevers of this 
kind must be treated on general principles. Drug medication is 
subordinate. First, attend to the surroundings. Remember the 



DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 1 5 5 

cellar, well, drains, offensive cess-pools, dark and illy ventilated 
sleeping rooms, quality of food, etc. Give all of these proper 
attention. Put the patient into a large, well- ventilated room; 
secure thorough action of the bowels; give a bath every day ; 
give properly cooked, easily digested and nourishing food every 
two to four hours, according to the strength of the patient; give 
10 grains of Salol, or of the Sulphocarbolates, three times 
a day, or, if odor of eliminations is bad, give every two hours 
until natural, then three times a day; and give of the following 
one tablespoonful four times a day: 

Fowler's Solution iy 2 drachms. 

Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites 4 ounces. 
Maltine. or a good extract of milk. 8 " 
Mix, by shaking the bottle. 

We read and hear much about prophylactic remedies or 
medicines ( meaning medicines to preserve against disease ) , but 
as preventive measures there is absolutely no treatment and no 
remedies equal to the foregoing. Every one can institute pre- 
ventive measures of this kind, and prevention will relieve the 
necessity of treatment. 

It is stated elsewhere in this work that, lying just beneath 
the skin and covering the whole outer surface of the body is a 
dense network of vessels capable of holding one-half the blood in 
the system; and that the lungs contain six hundred million air 
cells whose combined surface is more than seven times greater 
than the whole outer surface of the body. This is indisputable 
evidence that the Divine Architect designed an abundance of 
fresh air and free surface circulation. Again, the tissues of the 
body contain phosphorous. If exposed to the air, phosphorous 
immediately unites and spontaneous combustion is the result, 
producing great heat. The brain is estimated to contain one 
ounce of this element. One-fifth of all the blood goes to nourish 
the brain, hence one-fifth of all the oxygen absorbed from the air 
we breathe is carried direct to the brain and unites with the 
phosphorous contained there in order that our thoughts may 
breathe and our words may burn. The presence of so large an 
amount of phosphorous in the brain and the readiness with 
which it unites with oxygen, is another evidence that Nature has 
designed that we should exercise freely in the open air, and that 
our lungs should be capable of full expansion in order that we 
may inhale an abundance of oxygen. This keeps the fire burn- 
ing, sends a glow to the cheek, a fire to the eye, and lights up 
the whole countenance with an expression that medicine does not, 
cannot give. 

A former health officer of Philadelphia stated publicly that 
he never met a case of malignant disease where the conditions could 



1 56 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

not be traced to bad hygienic surroundings. We do not wish to dwell 
too long upon this subject, but if we can impress our readers with 
the fact that the foregoing is a safeguard against disease, espe- 
cially malignant disease, we shall feel that our effort has not 
been in vain. With proper hygiene and physical training \ the word 
1 ' malignant ' ' would soon disappear from our text books. 

PERNICIOUS FEVER— CONGESTIVE FEVER.— 
This fever, as its name indicates, is of a malignant character. It 
is an intense variety of malarial fever, and may be either remit- 
tent or intermittent. A case of either may suddenly develop the 
malignant form. Pernicious fever is also known as Congestive 
Fever y the chill with which it is ushered in being spoken of as a 
congestive chill. It is due to a high degree of malarial poison. 

Symptoms. — As stated in the foregoing, simple remittent or 
intermittent fever may develop into the malignant, or pernicious, 
form; and, in the majority of cases, the first succession of cold, 
hot and sweating stages is of the ordinary type. 

Pernicious fever is characterized by severe congestion of some 
internal part, and the symptoms vary according to the location 
of the congestion. Not infrequently the congestion affects two 
sets of organs, the symptoms characteristic of each being com- 
bined. There are, however, general symptoms characteristic of 
most cases- For instance, there is great restlessness, a cold, 
clammy surface with raging internal fever and intense thirst, 
features shrunken and countenance anxious; pulse weak except 
in cerebral variety (where brain is congested) . 

If the stomach and bowels are the seat of the congestion, 
there is nausea, vomiting, straining and purging, the evacuations 
being thin and mixed with blood. 

In the thoracic variety (the congestion affecting the organs of 
the chest) there is difficulty in breathing, the patient gasping for 
air and troubled with an annoying cough. 

If the brain is congested, the patient is wildly delirious, the 
delirium being succeeded with convulsions and a state of stupor 
not unlike that of apoplexy, the breathing being slow and ster- 
torous (snoring), the pulse full and the countenance flushed or 
livid. 

There is another variety, beginning with either of the simple 
forms, in which internal congestion is developed affecting both 
the organs of the chest and the abdomen. There is nausea, vomit- 
ing, quick, short breathing, and pain over the liver and kidneys. 
These symptoms continue for a few hours, when the skin sud- 
denly turns yellow, followed by the passing of bloody urine. 
After this there is the abatement of symptoms characteristic of 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 57 

all malarial fevers. This may be a remission or an intermission 
according to the nature of the simple form from which it was 
developed. 

In still another variety the surface is intensely cold and cov- 
ered with a cold sweat, while at the same time the patient, as he 
expresses it, is "burning up inside" and suffers from intense 
thirst. The voice is feeble and indistinct and the countenance 
pinched and deathlike, but the mind remains clear. 

It must not be supposed that in the malignant malarial form 
there is a succession of paroxysms such as characterize the simple 
form. It is the effort of the physician to prevent a second malig- 
nant paroxysm, as the patient, with his reduced vitality, is very 
likely to succumb to it; and a third malignant paroxysm is almost 
invariably fatal. Indeed, it is not of infrequent occurrence that 
death occurs during the first congestive chill before febrile reaction 
has developed. After one malignant paroxysm, however, the 
disease may be partially controlled so that succeeding paroxysms 
which occur will be of the simple form. 

It will be readily apparent after a study of the causes of 
malignant malarial, or pernicious, fever, and the gravity of the 
disease, that even a simple case of fever and ague, or chills and 
fever, should not be permitted to go without treatment, as the 
malignant form may be lurking in the virus of the simplest case 
if no counteracting agent is employed. 

Pernicious, or Malignant, Fever, does not often occur, and 
when it does it is evidence that bad hygiene has existed for some 
time. It is also evidence that there has been a lack of intestinal 
sanitation. It means, in a word, that the individual was loaded 
with poison before the disease came on. Perfect digestion and 
elimination will relieve the danger of Pernicious Fever. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Send for the doctor 
immediately, and in the meantime do everything possible to get 
the patient out of the chill. Soak the feet in hot water, into 
which may be thrown a tablespoonful of soda and a little handful 
of salt. Bathe to the knees, rub thoroughly, and put to bed. 
Give warm drinks, and put around the patient bottles of hot 
water, hot bricks, or stones heated hot; or take ears of corn, boil 
them up, take them out of the water, roll them up and put around 
the patient. In a congestive chill the surface is dark colored or 
purple, and unless the chill can be broken up, death results. 

If the Doctor is Delayed. — If for any reason the doctor cannot 
or does not come, the treatment should be continued after the 
chill is broken. Elimination, fresh air, and a nourishing diet are 
the keynotes in conditions of this kind. Keep the bowels active. 



158 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Give no article of food that disagrees with the digestion. Rice 
boiled for three hours, soft cooked eggs, beaten raw eggs in milk, 
dry toast, oatmeal boiled for three hours and strained, using only 
the liquid part, meat broths, vegetables boiled and strained, using 
only the liquid part — any of these are valuable. Give 10 grains 
of Salol three times a day. If the eliminations give offensive 
odor, give the Salol every two hours for one day, and at frequent 
intervals for a longer time if necessary. Give a hot bath every 
day, and each time sweat the patient profusely. Give a -j-^-grain 
of Sulphate of Atropine one hour before taking the daily 
bath. Provide good ventilation. An abundance of fresh air is 
of the utmost importance. Give 3-grain doses of Quinine four 
times a day. The following mixture should also be given: 

Fowler's Solution 2 drachms. 

Nitro-Muriatic Acid 4 " 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Water enough to make 4 " 

Take one teaspoonful after meals. 

A. The object is to get up a ; e action, and all efforts must be 
directed to this end, and that too with all possible speed. 

First. — It is not amiss in any chill to put the patient's feet 
into hot water, as hot as it can be borne; but in a congestive chill 
it is almost absolutely necessary to place the whole body into hot 
water, keeping it as hot as it can be endured without scalding, 
for 20 to 30 minutes; but if there is no bathing convenience in 
the house, have sheets wrung out of hot water and wrapped 
around the whole body, then hot irons, bricks, or stones, or boiled 
ears of corn, or small bags of corn, or oats, placed all around the 
patient, to get up and keep up as much heat as possible until the 
chill is overcome and reaction established; at the same time give 
strong tea of Cayenne, Ginger, or even Black Pepper as freely 
as can be and if there is Quinine in the house, or near, give 
three or four doses of 4 to 6 grains every half hour. Rubbing 
one hand and arm, and one foot and leg at a time with Cayenne, 
or Mustard, if help is at hand, would be of great assistance also 
in re-establishing the circulation. 

Second. — After the patient has revived and the difficulty 
passes off, give at least 3-grain doses of Quinine every three or 
four hours, to prevent the return of the chill, which is fully as 
likely to return as in common ague; and also continue a tonic and 
cleansing course of treatment for several days to aid in re-estab- 
lishing general health, and thereby keep off the disease; but, in 
case of the continuation, or return of the chill, the treatment will 
be the same, following closely with mild cathartics, tonics, etc. — 

(75). 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 159 

Fever Summary. — Fevers given under so many different 
names or headings are confusing, therefore we wish to remind the 
reader that, with the exception of malaria, all fevers, regardless 
of their name or nature, are the result of the same cause — an 
unhealthy system. They are but different stages or different 
manifestations of the same diseased condition, and the treatment 
is the same, with the exception that some require less and others 
more. As the diseased condition continues, some organ, tissue or 
part less able to withstand the morbid effects, becomes debilitated 
and weakened until it presents evidence of a special or separate 
disease, after which it is given some particular name. It may be 
typhoid fever or abscess of the liver, enlarged spleen or consump- 
tion of the lungs. Fever is present in these and many other 
diseases, yet all might have been prevented if the directions for 
General Treatment under Relapsing Fever had been thoroughly 
applied. Such treatment does not belong especially to relapsing 
fever, but belongs to any and all conditions where the general 
health is interfered with. 



FEVER SORE. — A fever sore is an ulceration of bone. 
For description and treatment see under Bone Diseases. The 
following treatment has also been recommended. 

Such a sore often breaks out on the shin of children after a 
fever. 

Treatment. — 

Fresh Butter 1 pound. 

Oxide of Zinc 1 ounce. 

Iodoform 1 scruple. 

Work the mixture with a knife, or something 
of the kind, to get, the Zinc and Iodoform 
mixed thoroughly through the butter. Spread 
a little on linen and cover the sore. 

Compound Stillingia Syrup 4 ounces. 

Iodide of Potassium 1 drachm. 

Take from ^ to 1 teaspoonful three times a 
day, depending upon the age. This will act as 
an antiseptic to the blood and aid in healing 
the sore. Unless something is taken for the 
blood, the sore will not heal. 

The treatments recommended under Fungus Disease would 
also be applicable here. See Fungus Disease. 

FISH SKIN DISEASE.— (See under Skin Diseases). 

FISSURE. — (See under Anus, Diseases of). 

FISTULA. — (See under Anus, Diseases of). 



I0 b PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

FITS.— (See Convulsions) . 

FLOODING.— (See under Women's Diseases). 

FRECKLES.— (See under Skin Diseases). 

FUNGUS DISEASE. — Fungus is a spongy, morbid 
growth or granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of 
wounds or some forms of cancer growth that break out. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment of fungus growths consists of the local appli- 
cations of caustics. Under the head of Caustics in the Miscel- 
laneous Department will be found a number of such remedies. 

The following is also recommended: 

A. Sulphuric Acid i ounce. 

Nitric Acid % " 

Corrosive Sublimate ]i " 

Mix, by first putting the Sulphuric Acid into 
a porcelain dish and then carefully adding the 
Nitric Acid. When the effervescence ceases 
and it becomes cold, put into a strong bottle 
and add the Corrosive Sublimate. 

This is a fine thing for destroying proud flesh and for dress- 
ing all lacerated or bruised wounds. Cuts and penetrating 
wounds may be treated by dipping a feather into this solution 
and drawing into the wound. Of course this treatment would 
not be needed in the case of a healthy wound, but will be found 
most excellent for indolent and sloughing wounds or sores that 
show no tendency to heal. 

After a thorough application of the foregoing , the wound should 
be washed out with pure water. Where sores of this kind exist, it 
is evidence that constitutional treatment is also needed. 

B. Carbolic Acid, full strength, applied daily. — (7). 

GALL-STONES. — This is a disease of middle life, and 
more common in those of corpulent figure. 

Cause. — Crystallization of certain properties of the bile, 
which form the nucleus (beginning) of a gall-stone. Other par- 
ticles from time to time adhere to this nucleus until finally a stone 
is formed which sometimes reaches the size of a hickory nut. So 
long as gall-stones remain in the gall bladder they occasion no 
inconvenience and their presence remains unsuspected, unless 
they become so large as to produce ulceration, in which case 
local peritonitis is likely to occur. Usually, however, they are 
discharged through the duct which leads from the gall bladder 
to the intestine. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 161 

Symptoms. — The instant a gall-stone passes into the biliary 
duct, which is small and consequently stretched and drawn by 
the passage of the stone, the patient is seized with a piercing 
pain in the region of the gall bladder. The pain spreads over the 
abdomen, the muscles of which cramp and become sensitive to 
the touch, and extends to the right side and shoulder. Nausea 
and vomiting usually occur, and the agony may be so great that 
the patient faints or is thrown into convulsions. Remissions 
from the violence of the pain may take place, but the patient does 
not experience entire relief until the passage of the stone into the 
intestine is effected; this may be accomplished in from one to 
several hours, or may take several days. When the stone is dis- 
charged into the intestine, which is larger than the biliary duct, 
the pain ceases and only a soreness and exhaustion remain. 
Remission of pain may also be experienced by the stone falling 
back into the gall bladder. 

On account of the stoppage of the flow of bile during the 
passage of a stone, jaundice is caused. Even after the passage 
of a small stone, which has been effected in an hour or two, the 
skin will have a slightly yellow appearance, which, however, 
soon disappears. 

In our experience we met one case of gall-stones which had 
evidently formed in the gall duct, not in the gall bladder. There 
were five of these stones, and the duct had gradually distended 
until it had reached enormous proportions and presented itself 
against the abdominal wall in the form of a large tumor. An 
operation revealed a duct \% inches in diameter and about 6 
inches long. Adhesions had drawn the duct forward, tense and 
firm, hence the appearance of the tumor. The greater part of 
the duct was removed, the wound closed and the patient recov- 
ered. If a stone forms in the gall bladder and is too large for 
passage through the duct, inflammation may follow and the gall 
bladder become adherent to the digestive tract, that is, the gall 
bladder and the bowel grow together. Ulceration may follow, 
and the stone be discharged into the bowel through the track of 
the ulcer. This seldom occurs. 

Treatments.— 

What to Do. — In cases of gall-stones, for immediate relief 
give Olive Oil — the pure, genuine oil. If one is subject to this 
distressing complaint, Olive Oil should be kept on hand, and 
when the trouble comes on, take tablespoonful doses of it every 
two or three hours until relieved. Consult a doctor for the treat- 
ment applicable to the case. 

A. Drink a gill of Olive Oil a day for a month. — (14). 
11 



l62 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

B. To relieve pain: 

Chloroform 2 drachms. 

Tincture of Capsicum x / z " 

laudanum 1 " 

Spirits Camphor 1 " 

Good Wine 3 " 

Mix, and take 10 drops every hour or two 
in water.— (53). 

C. Take one teaspoonful of Sodium Phosphate in glass of 
warm water an hour before each meal and at bedtime. — (46). 

D. Phosphate of Soda, teaspoonful in glass of hot water two 
or three times daily, long continued, has been more satisfactory 
than anything else. — (45). 

E. A teaspoonful of Epsom Salts every two hours until the 
bowel is emptied. Paregoric in teaspoonful doses every half hour 
until pain is relieved. Operation is indicated when the surround- 
ings are favorable. — (9). 

F. Five drops of Chloroform three or four times a day for 
months; also, best Sweet Oil two teaspoonfuls three times a day. 
The above to prevent the formation of biliary stones. — (8). 

G. This disease, when it occurs, produces such intense pain 
and suffering that, aside from our own experience, we have con- 
sulted those high in authority, and in offering the following 
remedy we will say that we believe it to be the best treatment 
that can be administered in these cases: 

Valerianate of Strychnine -^ grain. 

Glonoin T $ T " 

Hyoscyamine ?\-$ " 

The above makes one dose, and the dose 
should be given, either in capsule or pill form, 
every thirty minutes until the face flushes. 

The Strychnine stimulates muscular contraction and aids in 
forcing the stone through the duct, or canal, into the bowel. The 
action of the Hyoscyamine harmonizes with the Strychnine by 
relaxing the muscular spasms brought on by the pain. The 
Hyoscyamine also dilates the small arteries all over the body and 
allows the blood to flow away from the congested gall bladder. 
This aids in relieving the pressure and pain. The Glonoin aids 
in dilating the arteries and acts as a powerful heart stimulant, 
thus strengthening the patient and preventing fainting or col- 
lapse, which is liable to occur. With this treatment, if it is still 
found necessary to use Morphine for the relief of pain, the amount 
required will be comparatively small. 

The foregoing remedies are decidedly tonic in their general 
effect, and this fact, together with the relief from the trouble and 
small amount of Morphine used, will result in a rapid and most 
satisfactory cure. — (62) . 





# 









No- *5. 

i, 2, 3, Arteries. 4, Veins. 5, Nerves. 



DISBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 163 

GANGRENE, or MORTIFICATION.— Gangrene is the 

death of a part from lack of nutrition. It is a putrefactive 
change occurring in a dead limb, or in any dead tissue. Either 
gangrene or mortification means death. Gangrene is understood 
to mean death of a part in a live body, while mortification is a 
term more often applied to a dead body. 

Cause. — Gangrene may result from either too high or too low 
a temperature, as a burn or freezing. It may also result from a 
strangulated hernia, or any condition where the circulation is 
shut off. It may result from injury, erysipelas, diabetes or old 
age. The last two forms depend upon constitutional conditions. 
The other varieties depend upon local causes. 

Constitutional Gangrene depends upon systemic disease, 
such as diseased arteries, or diabetes. 

Senile (or Dry) Gangrene, which is also constitutional, is 
a drying up or shrinking of a part from poor circulation. This 
form is usually met with in the aged, and is due to a weak heart. 
There is but little interference with the venous (return) circula- 
tion; the trouble is, there is but little blood sent to the part, and 
with good drainage the part becomes dry and dies. This form is 
comparatively harmless. 

Moist Gangrene results from external injury, or from 
inflammation where circulation and nutrition are suddenly 
checked and the part dies. In this case there is no opportunity 
for drainage and the moisture remains. This is a very dangerous 
form. When occurring from injury if the inflammation is exten- 
sive, as in a bruised or mangled leg, it may first appear in the 
foot or lower part of the limb and extend toward the body so 
rapidly that in a few hours dark spots may cover the surface in 
many places. If it reaches the body, the case is hopeless. 
Surgical interference is the only treatment for this form of 
gangrene. 

Embolic Gangrene is due to a sudden plugging of an artery 
with a blood clot, shutting off the supply of blood and nourish- 
ment. 

Hospital Gangrene results from bad hygiene and lack of 
antiseptics. This form is now seldom heard of. 

Phlegmonous Gangrene results from erysipelas. Where 
the disease affects the different structures, death of the tissues 
results from pressure due to swelling. 

Symptoms of Dry Gangrene. — In senile gangrene, or gangrene 
of old age, there is a weak heart, poor circulation and diseased 
arteries. The disease usually occurs in the part farthest distant 
from the heart, as the foot or hand, because the circulation is 



1 64 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

more feeble there. The first symptom may be a sensation of 
coldness or numbness of the part. Any slight accident or injury 
may cause inflammation which is out of proportion to the injury. 
Sooner or later a dark spot appears, a blister may form and a little 
bloody fluid be discharged. In cases of this kind there are no 
constitutional symptoms other than those that existed before. 
There may be a sensation of heat and pain for a short time when 
the disease first begins. When a large area, as an arm or a 'eg 
dies, there will be fever, pain, sleeplessness, exhaustion and 
rapid death. 

Symptoms of Moist Gangrene. — When gangrene follows an 
injury, there may be no symptoms until dark spots appear. 
These spread rapidly. The part will be greatly swollen, and feels 
soft and boggy from the contained fluid and formation of gases 
resulting from decomposition. The odor is horrible. Gangrene 
may result from tying a large artery in some operation. In this 
case the symptoms would be as follows: The pulse is absent, the 
limb becomes greatly swollen, the surface is cold, and blisters 
containing a bloody fluid may appear. The pain is mostly confined 
to the part where the artery was tied. In gangrene the adjoining 
healthy tissue is greatly inflamed. This is the battle line between 
the living and the dead; it is called the line of demarkation. It 
is not present in gangrene resulting from accident, as described, 
but is present in senile gangrene, and may occur in gangrene 
caused by tying an artery, in which case amputation should be 
made some distance above this line. 

Treatment. — 

Dry Gangrene. — The treatment consists in keeping the part 
clean, antiseptic dressing, such as cloths wet with Listorine laid 
over the affected part, or the part sprinkled with Iodoform; good 
food and tonics. If the disease shows a tendency to spread, apply 
heat to the part. Amputations are not recommended in aged 
people. 

Moist Gangrene. — The treatment in moist gangrene following 
injury is to amputate at once. The patient should receive the 
most nourishing diet. Stimulants are required, and, later, tonics, 
good ventilation, etc. 

Phlegmo7ious Gangrene. - -For the treatment of gangrene fol- 
lowing erysipelas, see Erysipelas. Phlegmonous. 

Embolic Gangrene. — Usually occurs in the liver, lungs or 
brain, hence is not amenable to treatment. Should it occur in 
an arm or leg, wait for the line of demarkation, and, if extensive, 
amputate the same as for gangrene resulting from tying an artery. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 165 

Jfosfiital Gangrene. — This would require the same treatment 
as for moist gangrene, or embolic gangrene, or for that form 
resulting from tying an artery. Hospital gangrene, however, is 
a form that is nearly extinct and needs no particular mention. 

For Omphalitis, or Gangrene of Infants , also Cancrum Oris, or 
Gangrene of the Mouth, see under Diseases of Children. 

GIN LIVER. — (See under Liver, Diseases of). 

GLANDERS— FARCY.— This is a contagious disease. 
Primarily it affects the horse, but may be communicated to man. 
At first the disease is confined to the mucous membrane of the 
nose and air passages. It is accompanied by a pustular eruption 
which causes profuse discharges. 

Cause. — The cause is a specific ferment which sets up inflam- 
matory changes in the mucous membrane and skin. 

Symptoms. — The disease commences with a catarrhal inflam- 
mation and nodular (knotty) swelling of the mucous membrane 
of the nose, and extends along the air passages. Suppuration 
and ulceration of the nodules soon follow, and thus a purulent 
nasal discharge is established. When the mucous membrane is 
affected most, the disease is called Glanders; when the skin is 
affected most, it is called Farcy. As the disease continues, how- 
ever, these two conditions become more or less associated with 
each other. First, the nodules form. These may be the size of 
a pea, smaller or larger. They are poorly supplied with blood 
vessels, hence soon degenerate. The degeneration is followed by 
more or less suppuration. The odor of the discharge is foul, and 
the ulcers show no tendency to heal. The glands of the neck 
and other lymphatic structures are swollen. The poison from 
the suppurative surfaces enters the blood and the whole system 
becomes affected. There is inflammation of the skin, mucous 
membrane of the air passages, stomach and digestive tract. 
Abscesses form beneath the skin in the joints and in other struc- 
tures. The condition is one of blood poisoning. Inflammation 
of the skin may occur in large patches, and the inflamed area be 
covered with large vesicles which soon turn into pustules, break 
down and discharge. The disease usually runs a rapid course 
and is generally fatal. However, there are said to be some cases 
that are chronic; a chronic case usually recovers. 

Treatments. — 

A. The treatment consists in rendering the ulcers as healthy 
as possible, and in freeing the system of poison. The ulcerous 
patches on the mucous membrane cannot be reached directly. 
This renders the situation graver because there is constant absorp- 
tion of poison from these surfaces. The bowels, kidneys and 



1 66 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

skin should be kept active in order to eliminate as much of the 
poison as possible. Large doses of Fowler's Solution — 20 to 30 
drops — should be taken four times a day, at meal time and on 
going to bed; and 40-drop doses of Syrup of Iodide of Iron taken 
between meals and at bedtime — three doses a day. The last dose 
of each may be taken together. Salicylate of Soda in 20-grain 
doses every three hours is also valuable; or take internally 3 or 4 
drops of Carbolic Acid, well diluted with water, every three 
hours, and also take ^ grain of Strychnine with each dose. 

B. Nasal ulcers may be treated by snuffing up the nose 
Iodoform and injections of Carbolic Acid or Nitrate of Silver. A 
general tonic, nutritious diet and abundance of pure air and water 
are of the greatest importance. Alcoholic stimulants have been 
used with advantage. Ulcers occurring externally may be treated 
by the application of Carbolic Acid. 

GLEET. — (See under Venereal Diseases). 

GOITRE, BIG NECK, or BRONCHOCELE.— This is 

an enlargement of a gland (thyroid) in the front of the neck. It 
is an endemic disease, that is, peculiar to certain localities. It is 
much more prevalent in some districts of Europe than anywhere 
in America, yet there are few parts of the world where it may 
not be found. It is sometimes cured by removal from a goitre 
district, and it may be contracted by settling in such a district. 

Cause. — It has never been ascertained just why certain local- 
ities should be favorable to this affection, but it is believed to 
occur in persons of a scrofulous tendency. 

Symptoms. — The enlargement begins, usually in early life, as 
a soft tumor, which increases in size, hardens in the course of 
time, and generally becomes irregular in shape, the enlargement 
on the right side being larger than that on the left. The growth 
is unattended with pain, but after the tumor has attained a cer- 
tain size it begins to press upon the windpipe and gullet, thus 
interfering with breathing and swallowing and causing headaches 
and other disagreeable feelings. 

Treatments. — 

A. Wash externally with a solution of Tincture of Iodine 
diluted in y 2 the amount of Alcohol. Repeat every evening until 
it disappears. 

B. Iodide of Potassium 2 drachms. 

Iodine 1 " 

Water 2^ ounces. 

Mix, shake a few minutes and pour into 
two vials, one for internal use and one for 
external application. 



DISBASES AND TREATMENTS. 167 

Internal Dose. — 5 to 10 drops, between meals, to be taken in 
a little water. Do not take for two hours after eating. 

External Applicatioji. — With a feather wet the enlargement 
night and morning until the swelling disappears. — (69). 

C. Paint the neck with Tincture of Iodine every second day. 
-(7). 

GONORRHEA.— (See Venereal Diseases). 

GOUT. — This is a disease that exceeds rheumatism in the 
severity of the pain occasioned, but instead of affecting the large 
joints, it is confined usually to the smaller ones. The first joint 
of the great toe is most frequently affected. 

Cause. — The tendency to gout is generally inherited, but is 
usually caused directly by high living or over-indulgence in wine 
and malt liquors. Where the disease has been acquired by such 
indulgences it does not make its appearance until after about 
thirty-five years of age; if inherited, it may come on early in life. 
Men more than women are subject to it. 

Symptoms. — An acute attack may be preceded for several 
days by a derangement of the digestive organs, especially a sour 
stomach, but the gouty pain comes on suddenly, usually soon 
after midnight. The pain is wrenchingly severe, and the part 
hot, swollen and sensitive to the touch. The whole limb ( if it 
is the toe joint that is attacked) is affected with swelling and 
painful muscular contractions, and the veins are congested. The 
patient has a chill at the beginning of the paroxysm, followed 
with fever. There is an entire or partial remission of the symp- 
toms about daylight, but they come on again at night, decreasing 
in severity, however, until after a few days the patient becomes 
convalescent. After recovery he is in better general health than 
before the attack. 

A second attack may not occur for three or four years, or 
may occur in one year. After the first attack it is prone to 
return, but of course much depends upon the manner of living. 
The time between the second and third attack is less than 
between the first and second, in fact, the time between each 
succeeding attack lessens. 

The characteristic of this disease is a deposit about the 
affected joints of a chalky substance, which increases with each 
attack until the joints present a knobby and deformed appear- 
ance. 

Treatments. — 

A. The patient should restrict himself in the matter of diet. 
As a remedy, there is nothing better than Wintergreen. If the 
wintergreens can be obtained, boil them up, make a strong tea, 



168 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

and drink freely. If not, take the Oil of Wintergreen, a few 
drops on loaf sugar, three times a day. Or take a tea made of 
Virginia Snake root and Wintergreen, equal parts. Another 
excellent remedy is Black Cohosh, taken either in decoction or 
tincture. 

The great value of the Wintergreen Oil is found in the fact 
that it contains a large percentage of Salicylic Acid, and this acid 
is one of the most valuable remedies in all forms of gout or 
rheumatism. It should not be given clear, however, as it is too 
irritating. Salicylate of Soda is another safe way of administer- 
ing Salicylic Acid. In either case the acid circulates in the 
blood as a free agent, and is one of the best of all known remedies 
to prevent fermentation and degenerative changes, which are 
always more or less present in rheumatism and gout. 

Salicylic Acid is eliminated by the kidneys, hence is a good 
antiseptic to these organs and also to the bladder. 

B. For Chronic Gout. — Take hot vinegar and put into it 
all the table salt which it will dissolve, and bathe the parts affected 
with a soft piece of flannel. Rub in with the hand, and dry the 
part by the fire. Repeat this operation four times in the 24 hours, 
15 minutes each time, for four days; then twice a day for the 
same period; then once, and follow this rule whenever the symp- 
toms show themselves at any future time. 

The philosophy of the above formula is as follows: Chronic 
gout proceeds from the obstruction of the free circulation of the 
blood (in the parts affected) by the deposit of a chalky substance, 
which is generally understood to be a carbonate and phosphate of 
lime. Vinegar and salt dissolve these, and the old chronic com 
pound is broken up. The carbonate of lime, etc., become acetate 
and muriate, and these, being soluble, are taken up by the 
circulation and eliminated. This fact will be seen by the gouty 
joints becoming less and less in bulk until they assume their 
natural size. During this process the stomach and bowels should 
be kept regulated by a gentle purgative. Abstinence from 
alcoholic drinks; exercise in the open air, and especially in 
the morning; free bathing of the whole surface; eating only 
the plainest food; and occupying the time by study or useful 
employment, are very desirable assistants. 

C. Gout Tincture. — 

Veratnim Viride )/ z ounce. 

Opium % " 

Wine y z pint. 

Let stand for several days. 

Dose. — 15 to 30 drops, according to the 
robustness of the patient, at intervals of two 
to four hours. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 169 

A French officer introduced this remedy in gout some sixty 
years ago, and it became so celebrated that, incredible as it seems, 
it sold as high as from five to ten francs a dose. It is considered 
valuable also in acute rheumatism. In gout it removes the 
paroxysms, allays pain, reduces the pulse and abates fever, and 
procures rest and sleep. — (68). 

GRAVEL, or STONE.— (See under Kidnky Diseases). 

GREEN SICKNESS.— (See under Women's Diseases). 

GURGLING OF THE INTESTINES.— This is the 

peculiar sound caused by gas in the digestive tract. During the 
fermentive condition of the bowels following constipation, in 
typhoid fever and inflammation of the bowels, this condition is 
greatly increased. True it sometimes occurs in those who miss a 
meal, or who are not seriously troubled with constipation or 
disease of any kind; yet we are inclined to believe that this con- 
dition whenever present is dependent wholly upon the formation 
of gas, and indicates an unhealthy condition of the digestive tract. 

Treatment. — 

If actual disease is present, see treatment under the various 
heads. In the absence of any well defined disease, take 10 grains 
of Salol three times a day. Take the meals regularly, exercise 
great care regarding the diet and keep the bowels regular. 

HAEMOPHILIA— BLEEDER'S DISEASE.— This is an 

abnormal condition of the blood vessels in which hemorrhage is 
a frequent symptom. It occurs upon the slightest occasion. 
Any slight accident or injury may produce troublesome bleeding. 
The extraction of a tooth or removal of a tonsil is liable to cause 
dangerous hemorrhage. 

Cause. — The cause is not well understood. Evidently it is a 
lack of normal development of the vessels. 

Treatment. — 

Guard against injury as much as possible and avoid opera- 
tions of all kinds. When an injury or wound has occurred, 
cleanse the wound and take absolute rest. If in a favorable 
locality, pressure on the artery should be employed. The diet 
should be light and supporting. After a serious attack of bleed- 
ing the patient should take Iron and Cod Liver Oil until the 
health seems restored. The Cod Liver Oil should be taken in 
tablespoonful doses three times a day before meals, and 10 drops 
of the Muriate Tincture of Iron in a teaspoonful of simple syrup 
after meals. When possible, a residence in the South during the 



170 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

winter is advisable as most cases are aggravated by cold weather, 
and in any case care must be taken in guarding against cold and 
wet. 

HAY FEVER (Hay Asthma, Hay Cold, Rose Cold).— So 
called because it usually occurs during the haying season. The 
only difference between asthma and hay fever is that in hay fever 
there is a slight rise in temperature and a catarrhal condition of 
the eyes, nasal cavities, throat, and air tubes of the lungs, but 
mostly in the air passages of the head. At first the mucous 
membrane may seem dry, but this is followed by an increase in 
the secretions. In some cases there is a profuse watery discharge. 
Hay fever may, and sometimes does, assume all the seriousness 
of asthma. There is no dividing line between them. The catarrh 
is the most prominent symptom which divides the two. 

Treatments. — 

A. Change of climate affords the greatest relief, but the 
remedy is Lobelia tea (see chapter on herbs) . Drink until the 
lungs are relaxed. 

Remark. — Northern Michigan climate is a positive relief for hay fever 
sufferers. It is doubtful if a permanent cure can be effected. 

B. Artemesia Vulgaris, sixth dilution. Take in pill form or 
i -drop doses four times a day during the months of freedom from 
the disease. — (3) — Homeopathic. 

HEADACHE. — There is no one ailment to which humanity 
is so universally subject as headache. It is a symptom of nearly 
every disease, and no disorder so slight that it does not have its 
accompanying headache. There is the nervous headache to which 
so many women especially are subject, the catarrhal headache and 
the neuralgic headache; there is the warning and unpleasant full- 
ness in the head of those subject to apoplexy or epilepsy; there is 
the distressing accompaniment to organic disease within the 
brain; and there is the positive illness called sick headache. 

SICK HEADACHE. — Causes. — There is a variety of causes 
which may produce sick headache. Usually it is due to disturb- 
ances of digestion and is spoken of as bilious headache. Kxacting 
mental labor, worry, or insufficient sleep may induce an attack of 
sick headache by interference with digestion or elimination. 
Defects of vision not corrected by the use of lenses (glasses), or 
the wearing of lenses that have not been properly fitted to the 
eyes, is the cause of much headache, and, in cases of severe eye 
strain, of sick headache. Irritation of the ovaries or womb is 
another cause of headache. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 171 

Symptoms of Sick Headache. — The pain in the head is very- 
sharp and severe, and is attended with a feeling of nausea that 
is aggravated by movement, and by periods of faintness and 
giddiness. If vomiting or an evacuation takes place, the patient 
is relieved for the time being; but such relief is likely to be only 
temporary, and is soon succeeded with another paroxysm of pain, 
nausea, faintness and giddiness. Ordinarily the attack lasts but 
a few hours. Usually it is impossible to take anything in the 
way of nourishment during its continuance, and for a little time 
after the stomach will not bear anything but light foods. The 
patient is weak for a day or two after such an attack. 

Treatments . — 

A. Nervous Headache. — Hot pack, dark room, bed and ano- 
dyne — something to quiet the nerves. 

Sick Headache. — Hot water internally, or emetic. 

B. Acetanilid 1 ounce. 

Citrate Caffeine 15 grains. 

Bicarbonate Soda 1 drachm. 

Sulpnate Strychnine X grain. 

Cocoa, sufficient quantity. 

Mix, and take from 5 to 10 grains every two 
hours until relieved. — (46). 

C. Acetanilid 60 grains. 

Monobromate of Camphor 30 " 

Citrate of Caffeine 30 " 

Mix, and divide into 30 powders. Take one 
powder every half hour until relieved. — (53). 

D. A prompt cathartic, and teaspoonful doses of Bicarbonate 
of Soda every three or four hours. — (7). 

E. Bilious Headache. — Give Boneset tea until the patient is 
sick at the stomach and vomits; or, if there is no Boneset at 
hand, tepid (warm) water will do. Have him drink just as much 
as he can, and if that does not produce nausea and vomiting, 
wait a little while and have him drink again. He should try to 
drink enough to give the stomach a good rinsing out. 

F. Headache from Biliousness. — Take Mandrake and Culver's 
Root, dry them, powder and sift. Take of the powder, 2 grains 
Culver Root and 1 grain Mandrake. Mix in water and take 
every night at bedtime until bowels move thoroughly. After 
bowels move take % ounce inner bark of Willow and steep in %, 
pint of water. Take tablespoonful three times a day before 
meals. 

G. Arising from Dyspepsia, or other deranged conditions of the 
stomach, give a cathartic, put the feet into hot Mustard water, 
using at least one tablespoonful of Mustard, and give freely of 



172 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Pennyroyal or Sage tea, which will produce vomiting and relieve 
the stomach. Afterwards apply a Mustard plaster to the stomach 
and back of the neck. — (66). 

H. Atisingfrom a Determination of Blood to the Head, known by 
throbbing pain and flushed face, put Mustard plasters to the feet 
and drink freely of strong Ginger tea as hot as it can be borne, 
go to bed and cover well. This will usually give immediate 
relief. From 10 to 15 drops of the Tincture of Gelsemium may 
be added to the tea, which will aid in quieting the agitation and 
relieving the pain . — ( 66 ) . 

I. Periodical Headache. — There are those who have sick head- 
ache coming on at periods of from a few weeks to two or three 
months, lasting two or three days, accompanied with nausea, and 
occasionally with vomiting. In these cases after using an emetic 
to relieve the present attack, take the Cathartic Syrup next 
following: 

Cathartic Syrup. — 

Best Senna Leaf 1 ounce. 

Jalap % " 

Butternut, the inner bark of the root, 

dried and bruised 2 " 

Peppermint Leaf % " 

Fennel Seed x / z " 

Alcohol Yz pint. 

Water 1% " 

Sugar 2 pounds. 

Put all into the spirits and water, except the 
sugar, and let it stand 2 weeks, then strain, press- 
ing out the dregs, add the sugar and dissolve 
without heat. If it should cause griping in any 
case, increase the Fennel Seed and Pepper- 
mint leaf. 

Dose. — One tablespoonful once a day, or less 
often if the bowels become too loose, up to the 
next period when the headache might have 
been expected, and it will not be forthcoming. 

This is a mild purgative, and especially pleasant. Most per- 
sons, after a trial of it, will adopt it for their general cathartic, 
and especially for children. Increase or lessen the dose accord- 
ing to the effect desired. 





\ 



W\ P> \ 









/ 



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&?« 



No. 9. 

i, Large Artery coming from Heart. 2, Large Vein. 3, Heart 
(uncovered). 4. Diaphragm 5, Stomach. 6, Gall Bladder. 
7, Bowels. 



THE HEART AND ITS DISEASES. 



The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, conical in shape. It 
is situated obliquely in the chest cavity, and towards the left 
side. Its base extends upward and to the right as high as the 
second rib. The center of the base corresponds to the center of 
the body, and lies near the surface just below the chest bone. 
The apex extends downward and to the left to a point between 
the fifth and sixth rib, three and one-half inches to the left of the 
median line, or center of the body. 

Internally the heart is divided into four cavities, two upper 
and two lower. A longitudinal partition divides it into a right 
and a left cavity. The right and left cavities do not communicate. 
The heart is again divided by a transverse partition into four 
chambers, two upper and two lower. The upper and lower 
cavities communicate through small openings which are guarded 
by valves. The left and right heart are really two organs 
moulded into one — Nature's means of economizing space and 
power. 

The duty of the heart is to force the blood through the 
circulatory system. The veins carry the dark venous blood from 
all parts of the body and empty it into the right side of the heart. 
From there it is sent through the lungs for oxidation. Many of 
its impurities are eliminated through the bronchial tubes, the 
effect of the oxygen being to purify the blood and render it a 
bright red before it is returned to the left side of the heart and 
sent out through the general circulation. 

Symptoms of Disease of the Heart. — Diseases of the heart are 
characterized by shortness of breath, frequently amounting to a 
choked or stifled feeling, palpitation, pale, unhealthy skin, and 
eventually by dropsy, the swelling usually beginning in the feet 
and ankles. It is not, however, conclusive evidence that a person 
has some organic disease of the heart because he may have some 
of these symptoms. Over-exertion will produce shortness of 
breath, but if there is a growing tendency in this direction and it 
is produced by less and less exertion, there is, of course, room 
for apprehension. Palpitation, which is tumultuous beating and a 
pain or sense of oppression in the region of the heart, may be 
due to dyspepsia. It may also result from nervous conditions. 
Dropsical symptoms also arise from other causes. (See Dropsy) . 

173 



174 



FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



However, a reliable physician should early be consulted if 
there are any symptoms to indicate a possible affection of the 
heart, in order that the nature of the affection may be determined 
and exciting causes removed or abstained from. 

Treatments: — 

A. Heart Disease. — Nutritious diet. Bicarbonate of Soda 
in teaspoonful doses three or four times a day. — (7). 

B. Palpitation. — Tincture of Ginger in a half- teaspoonful 
dose every hour. — (7). 

C. Shortness of Breath. — 

Iodide of Potash 1 drachm. 

Seng , 4 ounces. 

Dose. — A teaspoonful in a little water three 
times a day, between meals. — (28). 

D. Heart Failure. — Hypodermic injection of fa grain 
Strychnia. Repeat in an hour if necessary.— (45). 

E. Heart Failure. — 

Tincture Digitalis 3 drachms. 

Simple Elixir 4 ounces. 

Dose. — For an adult, a teaspoonful every 
four hours. 

F. Diseases of Circulation. — Drink hot water and employ 
friction along the limbs. Open the bowels by purgative medi- 
cines. — (7). 

G. Diseases of Circulation. — Stop coffee, tea and tobacco. 
Get stomach in good condition. Take careful diet. — (13). 

ANGINA PECTORIS. — Also called Neuralgia of the 
Heart (see Neuralgia). 

Cause. — It may be either of nervous or organic origin. 

Symptoms. — This affection, like others of neuralgic character, 
occurs in paroxysms and comes on suddenly. The patient is 
attacked with a pain in the region of the heart that is so intense 
and is attended with a feeling of such fear of death that he holds 
rigidly to the position he first assumes, breathes slowly, and 
seems afraid to move. The chest is fixed and the pain extends 
also into the left shoulder and arm. A sense of coldness is always 
present in one of these paroxysms, and the patient often breaks 
out into a cold sweat. Great exhaustion follows such an attack. 
Death may occur during the paroxysm or from the exhaustion 
which follows it, or the patient may survive a number of attacks. 



DISBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 175 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — This is a serious thing 
and a doctor should be called immediately in case of an attack of 
severe pain about the heart. In the meantime, give a hot sling 
— brandy, if you have it — and have hot water on hand when the 
doctor arrives; he may want it. Put the patient to bed, keep 
him quiet and get him warm if possible. Repeat the sling as 
often as he can bear, say every fifteen or twenty minutes. 

A. Tincture Aconite 40 drops. 

Bromide Soda 1 ounce. 

Simple Elixir 4 ounces. 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful three times a 
day between the attacks.— (46). 

B. Give 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls of whiskey, properly diluted, 
and 20 or 25 drops of Laudanum, and send for a doctor. Apply 
Mustard to chest and back. — (14). 

C. Tablets of Nitroglycerine -^ grain each. Let one dissolve 
on the tongue. If not relieved in fifteen minutes, use another 
one the same way. — (20). 

Note. — Sometimes a full dose of Nitroglycerine proves such 
a sudden and powerful stimulant that the heart, which is diseased, 
or laboring under difficulties, is unable to respond, and the over- 
stimulation, instead of supporting the organ, paralyzes it; it grows 
rapidly weaker, and death soon follows. We have seen a few 
cases of this kind, where -fo grain of Nitroglycerine was given and 
the heart immediately responded by giving a few irregular and 
spasmodic throbs and bounds, then gradually grew weaker and 
the patient died within a few hours. Remember that over-stimu- 
lation produces death. 

We recommend from 5 to 10 drop doses of Fowler's Solution 
between attacks, taken three times a day, say for three weeks, 
then skip a week and take a week, and so on. 

D. Those who are troubled with neuralgia of the heart will 
not only find the following suggestion convenient, but in case of 
a sudden and unexpected attack it will prove a great benefit as a 
means of relief from this most distressing disease. 

Secure a drachm vial, which can be carried without incon- 
venience, and put into it a few tablet triturates of Glonoin, or 
Nitroglycerine, ^ir of a grain each. The triturates are better 
than pills because they dissolve readily. When an attack comes 
on, place a tablet on the tongue; it will dissolve immediately. 
Repeat the dose in ten, twenty or thirty minutes, or as needed. 

E. Glonoin, 2d dilution. Take in drop doses or pill form 
every twenty or thirty minutes until relieved. — (3) — Homeo- 
pathic. 



176 PA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Pseudo Angina. There is also a false angina, hysterical in 
character, afflicting nervous women and children. It is attended 
with neuralgic pains in the chest and near the heart, and with 
general hysterical phenomena. It is not dangerous to life. 

FATTY DEGENERATION, or FATTY HEART.-In 

this disease the fibers of the muscles of the heart are gradually 
replaced by fat, thus causing a degeneration of the muscular 
tissues and a corresponding inability of the organ to perform its 
functions properly. 

Cause. — In most cases it is the result of some chronic state or 
disease, as prolonged anaemia, dyspepsia, alcoholism, scrofula, 
cancer, tuberculosis. Klderly people are sometimes snbject to it. 
It is always the result of impaired nutrition. 

Symptoms. — The heart, being enfeebled, the circulation is 
weak; the pulse is slow and there is a shortness of breath. There 
is distress of a neuralgic character about the heart, and attacks of 
angina pectoris occur. The various organs of the body are reduced 
to an ansemic state, one organ being more susceptible in one indi- 
vidual, and another in another. In some the brain is particularly 
affected, dizziness and swooning being characteristic; in others 
the lungs are more susceptible, and this is marked with a dry, 
hacking cough; dyspepsia and constipation are characteristic of 
ansemia of the gastric system; and derangements of the urine, 
ending in dropsy, where the kidneys are affected. The foregoing 
are all symptoms of a weak heart, from whatever cause. A pecu- 
liar and characteristic symptom of Fatty Degeneration is a con- 
stant sighing. Arcus senilus, a light ring surrounding or partially 
surrounding the pupil of the eye, is claimed to indicrte fatty 
heart. 

Treatments. — 

A. Diet. The food that is eaten should be nutritious, but 
with a fleshy person where anything of this kind is suspected, all 
fatty foods should be avoided. 

As a remedy, Strophanthus may be taken three times a 
day. See note below. 

B. Avoid starchy foods and take 3 drops of Fowler's Solu 
tion after meals. — (72). See ?iote below. 

Note. — In Fatty Heart, drugs that have a direct action on this 
organ, as Digitalis, or a powerful action, as Nitroglycerine (Glo- 
noin), must be given with caution, because to increase its work 
means over-exertion and, if this is carried too far, more harm than 
good will result. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 77 

As a heart tonic, we would recommend any one of the follow- 
ing, given at the beginning in a very small dose, as indicated, i.e. : 

Strychnine, -fa grain dose three times a day, 
or, 

Caffeine, 1 -grain dose three times a day, 
or, 

Tincture of Strophanthus, 3-drop dose three 
times a day. 

Fowler's Solution, while not classed as a heart tonic, is still 
believed to give special support to this organ. More than that, 
it is one of the best aids to digestion and assimilation, thus 
increasing nutrition and strengthening the vitality of the patient. 
While its influence is not so direct, its general effect is of far 
greater importance. 

PERICARDITIS.— Acute Form.— The heart is enclosed 
in a membranous sac which blends with the outer coats of the 
great vessels — arteries and veins — a short distance from their 
junction with the heart. This sac may be considered a dilatation 
of the outer coats of these vessels, which expand and surround 
the heart. Below the membrane is attached to the diaphragm 
and aids in forming what is called the central tendon; in 
front it is partially covered by the margin of the lungs, and 
above lies near to the chest bone; behind it are the bronchial 
tubes, the sesophagus and the thoracic or descending aorta; its 
sides are surrounded by the pleura, the delicate membrane which 
encloses the lungs. 

As the outer coats of the vessels expand to form this mem- 
branous sac, they separate, or divide into two layers. The inner 
layer, which is more delicate in structure, invests and is adherent 
to the surface of the heart. The two layers lie in close relation 
to each other. They are smooth and glistening and furnish a 
thin fluid which serves to facilitate movement and reduce friction 
to a minimum. An inflammation of this sac is called Pericarditis. 

Cause. — Such an inflammation rarely occurs except as it 
develops in the course of some other disease, as acute rheumatism, 
Bright' s disease, pneumonia, diphtheria, scarlet fever, etc. 

Symptoms. — The general symptoms are distress in the region 
of the heart, short cough, difficulty of breathing, usually nausea, 
vomiting and palpitation. (See Endocarditis). 

Treatment. — 

What To Do Till the Doctor Comes. — If nausea occurs, a little 

weak Camphor sling may be given. For distress about the heart, 

use hot applications — cloths wrung out of a hot decoction of some 

bitter herb, as Smartweed, Mayweed, etc. , are best. Warm drinks 
12 



178 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

may also be given. A little hot sling is always admissible in such 
a case. In the meantime the doctor should be summoned to learn 
the cause. Have hot water on hand when he arrives. 

Those attending the sick in any acute disease should keep 
calm and avoid any betrayal of anxiety or excitement. To 
alarm the patient is about the worst thing a nurse can do, and 
may, where there are heart complications, result fatally. 

ENDOCARDITIS.— Acute Form.— The endocardium is 
a thin, delicate membrane which lines the cavities of the heart. 
It is composed of a single layer of flat cells joined edge to edge, 
like a stone pavement. It is continuous with, and is the same in 
structure as the lining membrane or inner coat of the arteries. 
As the outer coats of the large vessels leading to the heart expand 
to form the sac which enclose it, so the inner coat expands and 
lines the heart cavities. Inflammation of this membrane is called 
Endocarditis. 

Cause. — This inflammation is usually developed in the course 
of some other inflammation. It is difficult, or impossible, to 
make a distinguishing diagnosis between Endocarditis and Peri- 
carditis; usually an inflammation of the one communicates itself 
to the other. An acute inflammation of either may end in 
chronic inflammation, when will be found the symptoms covered 
under Diseases of the Heart, Symptoms of. 
Treatment. — See under Pericarditis. 

HYDROPERICARDIUM.— (See under Dropsy). 

HYPERTROPHY, or HYPERPLASIA.— This is an 
increased growth in the tissue of which the heart is formed; the 
walls are thicker and the organ is larger and heavier. 

Cause. — Any condition which obstructs the outflow of blood 
or otherwise increases the heart action may cause Hypertrophy. 
It may be caused by alcohol, tobacco, tea or coffee. Each of 
these, if taken in quantity or continued, acts as a stimulant or 
irritant and causes an increase in the heart action. The disease 
may be caused by chronic bronchitis, or by some forms of Bright' s 
disease; the first interferes with the circulation through the 
lungs, and the second interferes with the circulation in the kid- 
neys and thus forces the blood back toward the heart, thereby 
increasing its work. Hypertrophy may be caused by a shrinking 
or other defect of the valve which guards the opening into the 
aorta, or large artery leading from the heart. This is called 
Aortic Stenosis. Such defect would allow the blood to flow back 
into the cavity of the heart, and this would call for extra work to 
pump it out again. The lower left cavity could not entirely 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 179 

empty itself; this would force the blood back into the upper 
cavity, and it would become dilated. The upper left cavity is 
also dilated when the valve guarding the opening between these 
two cavities is defective; the blood flows back and the result is 
the same. In either case the lungs become congested, the blood 
is forced back to the right side of the heart, and the walls of the 
latter become thickened from overwork. This does not occur 
until late in the disease. The right side may also become affected 
from any condition of the lungs which obstructs the flow of blood 
through them. Emphysema might cause it. In emphysema the 
air cells are distended and this obstructs the circulation. Some- 
times the walls of the air cells are broken down and air escapes 
into the intervening or surrounding tissue. This is called 
Vesicular Emphysema. Emphysema is caused by prolonged and 
forcible respiration, as blowing wind instruments. Emphysema 
would increase the pressure and check the circulation still more. 
In Pericarditis the outer membrane surrounding the heart may 
become adherent to the inner membrane — the one which is 
adherent to the heart (see Pericarditis). This prevents the 
gliding action of the membranes and results in increased effort. 
This would cause hypertrophy of the whole organ. A heart thus 
enlarged may weigh from ten to twenty and even thirty pounds. 
The normal weight is ten to twelve ounces, or less than one 
pound. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms are increased heart action. The 
arteries are distended, the pulse is full and strong, and the arteries 
at the side of the neck may be seen throbbing. There is headache 
from blood pressure, ringing in the ears from pressure of over- 
distended vessels supplying those organs, and the face and eyes 
are flushed from the over-distended vessels. There is cough and 
difficult breathing from pressure in the lungs. A full, strong 
heart beat may be easily detected. The lower point of the heart 
is below its normal position and farther to the left. 

Treatment. — 

But few remedies are needed for this disease. If caused by 
alcohol, tobacco, tea or coffee, stop their use. The patient 
should lie down several hours a day, should not indulge in active 
exercise, in straining or heavy lifting, and should give particular 
attention to the diet. The remedies used are those that will slow 
the heart action — Aconite and Veratrum in i-drop or 2 -drop doses 
three or four times a day would be best for this purpose. Bromide 
of Potash in 20-grain doses four times a day would also prove 
valuable. 



180 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

DILATATION OF THE HEART. — In this disease the 
heart cavities are enlarged without any increase in the muscle 
tissue or thickening of their walls. On the contrary the walls 
may be thinner than normal. 

Cause. — The cause may be any of those which produce 
Hypertrophy . The nerve supply is feeble and the heart is weak. 
Over-straining causes dilatation without a corresponding increase 
in growth. This disease occurs in the young and feeble. In this 
disease the right side of the heart is usually affected first because 
it is naturally weaker and less able to stand the strain. 

Symptoms. — The heart beat is weak, the pulse is feeble, and 
the veins are enlarged as the force of the heart beat is not 
sufficient to control the return circulation. There is headache 
from lack of blood and nourishment, coughing, difficult breathing 
from distension and pressure of the vessels in the lungs, dyspepsia 
from a sluggish circulation around the stomach, constipation from 
a sluggish circulation along the digestive tract, the urine is 
scanty from a lack of circulation in the kidneys, the mind is dull, 
and vitality and ambition are lacking. The patient may be 
troubled with dizziness and fainting from poor circulation in the 
brain. 

Treatment. — 

Nourishing diet, bitter tonics — usually Iron is needed — 
moderate exercise, laxatives to keep the kidneys and skin active, 
and for a weak heart, Digitalis, Caffeine, Strychnine and Stro- 
phantus are valuable. — See note under Fatty Degeneration. 

STENOSIS AND REGURGITATION.— These condi- 
tions have already been referred to. The aorta is a large artery 
and forms the great trunk of the arterial system, as already stated. 
The lower left ventricle or cavity of the heart opens into this artery, 
and in health this opening is guarded by the aortic valve. This 
valve may become inflamed, the inflammation may cause new tissue 
growth, and new tissue growth resulting from inflammation always 
shrinks when it matures. Small blood vessels and nerve fibers are 
destroyed and also more or less of the natural tissue, and the 
result is a firm and inelastic growth. As a result of inflammation 
in the valve mentioned, lime salts may be deposited, the same as 
in the formation of bone ( see Bone Diseases) , and this would 
also render the valve firm and unyielding. In either case the 
valve cannot be pressed back, but remains constantly in the way 
of the current and interferes with the amount of blood sent out. 
This is called Aortic Stenosis. 

In health the mitral valve guards the opening between the 
two cavities in the left side of the heart, and the same changes 
may occur in this valve as those just described in the aortic 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 181 

valve. These valves are formed of the picked-up folds of the 
delicate membrane which lines the heart cavities. When there 
is new connective tissue and the new tissue contracts, the valve 
becomes shrunken and will not fit the opening. When the valve 
fails to open and thus interferes with the current, it is called 
Stenosis, or narrowing. When the openings are improperly closed 
and the blood is allowed to flow back past the shrunken valve, it 
is called Regurgitation. The change described in the mitral valve 
is one of the most frequent affections or diseases of the heart, and 
the change in the aortic valve is second. 

The valves in the right side of the heart are seldom affected, 
because the right side of the heart has only to receive the blood 
from the return circulation and send it out through the lungs, 
while the left side receives it back from the lungs and must then 
force it through the whole arterial system; hence there is more 
strain on the left side and more liability to disease. 

While the diagnosis and treatment of Stenosis would call for 
the services of a physician, we make the following suggestions 
concerning 

Treatment. — 

It will readily be seen that any remedies or conditions that 
increase the action of the heart are to be avoided; drug medica- 
tion is unimportant in these conditions. First, the amount 
of fluids taken should be reduced as far as consistent with health 
and strength, because this lessens the amount of blood and cor- 
respondingly lessens the work of the heart. This is best con- 
trolled by a concentrated diet of easily digested foods, drinking 
very little water, and no tea, coffee or alcohol. Tobacco should 
not be used. Fowler's Solution is a remedy that has been highly 
recommended in valvular diseases of the heart, probably because 
it aids digestion and assimilation. 5-drop doses should be given 
at meal time. Heart tonics may be used for a time, but should 
not be relied upon because they cannot permanently increase the 
strength of the heart; their continued use may be compared to 
whipping a tired horse. Many of the heart tonics contract the 
small blood vessels. These would do more harm than good for 
the reason that they would force the blood back toward the heart 
and necessarily increase its work. Strophanthus is a remedy of 
considerable value for these troubles as it produces no effect upon 
the size of the small vessels. Strophanthin, the active principle, 
is a convenient form. From g-fg- to ^^ of a grain in pill or tablet 
form, or, later, Caffeine in 2- or 3-grain doses is recommended. 

HEARTBURN.— What is called heartburn is the result of 
indigestion (see Indigestion under Stomach, Diseases of). 
Especially is this true of indigestion caused by starchy foods, as 



1 82 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

these result in the formation of many acids, and these acids pro- 
duce a burning sensation which extends along the aesophagus into 
the chest cavity and is felt just behind the chest bone. Heart- 
burn may be attended with an inclination to vomit. 

Treatments. — 

A. Nitromuriatic Acid. 5 drops of strong acid in a glass of 
water after meals. — (54). 

B. Teaspoonful doses of Bicarbonate of Soda (common 
baking soda) every three hours. — (7). 

HEMORRHAGE.— The rupture of a blood vessel gives 
rise to a discharge of blood called hemorrhage. Apoplexy is 
caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. 

A hemorrhage from the lungs is of a bright red color, frothy, 
and expectorated after coughing. Many cases of supposed 
hemorrhage from the lungs are not from the lungs at all, but 
are caused by the rupture of small blood vessels along the upper 
part of the trachea, or large air tube. They follow a fit of 
coughing when the mucous membrane is congested and swollen 
from taking cold, or from some other cause. These cases are 
apt to occasion a great deal of anxiety and fright, yet they are as 
harmless as nosebleed. We have also known the sudden rupture 
of small vessels in the stomach to result from the same cause, and 
produce the same effect. All these cases require is a little rest 
and the same treatment that would be given any case of 
congestion. 

Hemorrhage of this kind may be distinguished from hemor- 
rhage of the lungs from the fact that the blood is not frothy. 

Hemorrhage from the lungs seldom occurs, and the blood is 
frothy by reason of its containing air. Hemorrhage from the 
stomach contains no air, and the contents of the stomach are 
mixed with the hemorrhage. Also, quite large quantities of 
blood may be coughed up in the morning as a result of nosebleed 
during the night, in which case the blood is clotted and dark. 

Streaks of blood or slight hemorrhage from the bowels during 
diarrhea or dysentery is no cause for alarm. When hemorrhage 
follows tyhoid fever or cancer of the bowels, its nature and im- 
portance will be readily understood. With the free use of 
intestinal antiseptics and good hygienic surroundings, hemor- 
rhage will not occur in typhoid fever. 

Always look at these cases from a common-sense standpoint. 
Use ordinary home remedies, or the case may need no treatment 
at all. In many cases the individual is benefited, because the 
hemorrhage has relieved the congestion. Ulcer of the stomach or 
tuberculosis will give a history long before hemorrhage occurs. 



DISBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 183 

Treatments. — 

The following remedy is equally valuable for any and all 
forms of hemorrhage, whether from the lungs, stomach, wound 
or wherever. 

Sulphate of Atropine r^ grain. 

Repeat in thirty minutes if necessary. If 
this does not control the hemorrhage, send for 
a doctor. 

As a drug store may not be at hand, and this remedy not be 
obtainable, the following home treatments are recommended in 
cases of emergency: 

Hemorrhage from the Lungs. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Keep the patient quiet 
and raise the shoulders with pillows. The best remedy is Capsicum 
(red pepper) , but salt is good. If hemorrhage occurs and nothing 
else is at hand, give salty water at frequent intervals. Follow 
the salt with Capsicum. The Capsicum may be made into a 
strong tea and drank along at short intervals, or 3-grain 
capsules may be given every half hour until the hemorrhage is 
controlled. If the hemorrhage should be a violent one, and 
especially if the patient is not subject to them, send for a phy- 
sician. Always have hot water on hand on the arrival of a physician. 
He may not need it, but if he does, no time will be wasted wait- 
ing for it to heat. 

Spitting of Blood. — Cracked ice, small piece on tongue every 
few minutes, will help to control it. — (31). 

Hemorrhage from the Stomach. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Salt is good for this, also 
Alum water. Take a little pulverized Alum, dissolve it in warm 
water, and take a teaspoonful of the solution every little while. 
For an adult, give 15 to 20 drops of laudanum. If the hemor- 
rhage is a violent one, send for a doctor; or if not violent enough 
to make this necessary, consult him as to cause. The patient 
should lie down and keep perfectly quiet. 

Intestinal Hemorrhage. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Intestinal hemorrhage is 
a symptom which usually demands prompt attention, no matter 
how slight it may be. In many cases the enforcement of absolute 
rest and quiet, with the administration of cold drinks, and of 
opium in from yk to j4 grain doses, given once in three or four 
hours to diminish the activity of the bowels is all that is needed. 
A good remedy is an injection of a decoction of peach and rasp- 



1 84 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

berry leaves with 15 or 20 drops of Spirits of Turpentine added, 
repeated every two hours. If this fails to stop hemorrhage, the 
doctor should be sent for. Always have hot water ready on the 
arrival of a physician. 

Hemorrhage from Injury. — (See "Bleeding from," under 
Accidents and Emergencies, DEPARTMENT III. 

HEMORRHOIDS.— (See Diseases of Anus). 

HERNIA, or RUPTURE.— By hernia is meant the pro- 
trusion of a part of one of the internal organs from its natural 
position. The term "rupture" refers especially to a displace- 
ment of the bowels or membranous covering. This displacement 
occurs most frequently in the groin, or at the navel. 

When hernia occurs it is not because the abdominal wall has 
been ruptured. The opening through which the hernia passes is 
a natural one and is always present. In foetal life the testicles 
are situated in the abdominal cavity. Before birth they descend 
into the scrotum, and these natural openings are the tracts 
through which the testicles passed. An egg is surrounded by a 
thin film which is quite strong and would retain the egg if the 
shell were carefully removed. If a small opening were made in 
the egg shell and the egg then suddenly and forcibly moved 
in the right direction, the film could be made to bulge through 
the opening in the shell. The film of the egg may be compared 
to the peritoneum which lines the abdominal cavity, and the 
opening in the shell to the unclosed tract through which the tes- 
ticle passed. As the result of sudden or violent movement the 
peritoneum may be forced through this opening, and the bowel 
may also protrude. Either one or both would constitute a hernia. 
Usually both are present. (See page 451.) 

Causes. — Occurring at the navel, it comes on usually soon 
after birth, being due to weakness at the point where the umbil- 
ical cord was attached to the foetus. Generally, however, hernia 
occurs in adults as the result of a strain or from some violent 
exercise. 

Forms of Rupture. — There are three varieties of rupture : In 
the first the bowel or membrane can be forced back into place by 
pressure, called reducible hernia; in the second the displacement 
cannot be forced back into its normal location, called irreducible 
hernia; and in the third the displacement of the bowel is such 
that the part displaced is constricted so as to shut off the circula- 
tion. This is called strangulated hernia. The last named is 
accompanied with nausea, vomiting, a twisting, burning pain, 
pain on pressure, and no impulse, or swelling out of the tumor, 
on coughing. The treatment of a strangulated hernia admits of 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 85 

no delay, as, unless relieved, mortification sets in in a few hours 
and death results. An irreducible hernia may become strangu- 
lated. 

For further description of internal and strangulated hernia, 
see under Intestinal Obstruction. 

Treatments . — 

A. A suitable truss, applied early and adjusted by a phy- 
sician or experienced druggist. If constipated, keep bowels 
reasonably open with some mild physic, as Cream of Tartar and 
Salts — a teaspoonful of each taken night and morning. 

B. It has been proven beyond any doubt that hernia or rup- 
ture can be permanently cured by the Fidelity method — the 
injection of a fluid into the hernial canal and wearing a well- 
fitting truss for about three months. From four to eight injec- 
tions are usually required. This method is nearly painless, and 
the patient can work every day during treatment if he wishes to 
do so. — (10). 

Note. — The medical profession is divided regarding the injection 
method. It is upheld and condemned with equal force. 

C. Lay patient on back, with head a foot or two lower than 
heels. Apply cloths wrung out of cold water, and let nobody 
but a physician attempt reduction by pressure. After reduction, 
get suitable truss applied and wear it. — (60). 

Note. — In strangulated hernia if reduction is impossible, an operation 
is the only hope. 

HERPES. — (See under Skin Diseases). 

HICCOUGH— Hiccough is a symptom of disease that in 
most cases is easily recovered from. There are some cases, how- 
ever, that assume serious and even dangerous proportions. 

Causes. — The diaphragm is a thin membrane which divides 
the chest from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration, 
rising and falling with each breath. The stomach is placed just 
beneath the diaphragm. The diaphragm passes obliquely 
backward and downward, hence it is not only above but partially 
behind the stomach. During indigestion the stomach may become 
very irritable. The constipation which follows causes bloating 
and pressure, and this increases the trouble. The stomach is 
forced backward and irritates the diaphragm. 

The solar plexus is a large collection of nerves situated just 
behind the stomach. Irritation may communicate through this 
bundle of nerves, as it receives branches both from the stomach 
and the diaphragm. Any condition which irritates the diaphragm 
may result in hiccough, as the irritation causes contraction 



1 86 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

of the diaphragm downward. This is so sudden that it causes 
a vacuum in the chest. The outside air attempts to rush in and 
fill the lungs, but is prevented by the sudden closure of the glottis 
— the space between the vocal chords through which the air 
passes. This produces the peculiar sound known as hiccough. 
Why does the glottis close at this time more than during ordinary 
breathing? Because the spasmodic action of the diaphragm 
against the stomach causes spasm of this organ also. The same 
nerves which supply the stomach supply the vocal chords, hence 
every spasm of the diaphragm is first conveyed to the stomach, 
then flashed over the nerve fibers to the vocal chords, and they 
contract, closing the space between them as described. Hiccough 
usually stops without attention, though sometimes the trouble is 
persistent and is said to cause death. It is not, however, the 
hiccough, but the septic or unhealthy condition of the digestive 
tract that causes death. Free elimination will usually relieve the 
trouble. 

Hiccough may be caused by inflammation of the upper part 
of the spinal cord, as that part of the cord situated in the neck 
sends out the nerves which pass downward through the chest 
cavity and supply the diaphragm, and inflammation of this part 
of the spinal cord might so irritate and excite these nerves as to 
cause spasmodic action, as described. 

Tumor in the lungs may cause pressure upon these nerves 
and result in irritation and spasms. The same nerves which 
supply the lungs also supply the stomach and, through the solar 
plexus, communicate with the nerves which supply the dia- 
phragm, hence irritation from a tumor in an}' part of the lungs 
may cause spasms and hiccough. 

Hiccough may result from a strangulated hernia, because the 
nerves which supply the digestive tract also communicate with 
the solar plexus, and this with the diaphragm. 

Peritonitis, or inflammation of the thin membrane which 
surrounds the Dowels, may produce spasms and hiccough in the 
same way. 

Treatments. — 

A. As nearly every case of hiccough is caused by indigestion 
and constipation, it may be successfully treated by giving one or 
two tablespoonfuls of Castor Oil followed by ■$%-$ of a grain of 
Atropine every half hour until the throat is dry or until the face 
is flushed. When hiccough results from inflammation of the 
spinal cord, from a tumor in the lungs, from strangulated hernia 
or from peritonitis, it will be readily understood that different 
treatment will be required. If inflammation of the spinal cord, 
the usual fever remedies may be given; tumor in the lungs would 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 87 

probably prove fatal; a strangulated hernia demands an opera- 
tion; the treatment for peritonitis is described under that heading. 
We offer our own personal experience in support of the 
statement that nearly every case of hiccough is caused by indi- 
gestion and constipation. Our experience extends over many 
years and includes a large number of cases, and, barring perito- 
nitis, hernia, inflammation of the spinal cord or tumor growth, 
hiccough has invariably been relieved by active cathartics and 
antispasmodics, of which Atropine and Hyoscy amine are among 
the best. Some cases of hiccough are caused by hysteria, but the 
hysteria is usually the result of indigestion. A little Croton Oil, 
followed by a cold bath, a brisk rub, and a few doses of Atropine, 
has a wonderful effect in disposing of hysteria. 

B. Take a little Camphor sling or Peppermint sling. Some- 
times Soda water is effective. 

C. Lemon juice, mixed with sugar to make it palatable, and 
taken freely. — (76) . 

D. Frequent drinks of hot water with Ginger, Mustard or 
Soda stirred into it. — (7). 

E. I have stopped with Belladonna cases that have been 
given up by many physicians. I use one drop of the tincture 
every half hour. — (18) — Homeopathic. 

Note. — Belladonna contains Atropine. See Treatment "A." 
HIVES. — (See under Skin Diseases) . 
HYDROCEPHALUS.— (See under Dropsy.) 
HYDROCELE.— (See under Dropsy). 

HYDROPHOBIA.— This disease is characterized by great 
disturbance of the central nervous system, difficulty in swallowing, 
dread or fear of water, severe muscular contraction, convulsions 
and death. 

Cause. — Hydrophobia is caused by a specific poison which is 
found in the saliva of rabid animals. It is usually conveyed to 
the human system by the bite of a dog. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms may be slight at first. There is 
pain at the point of the wound. If the wound has healed, there 
is swelling at the same place and the scar appears red. The 
wound may re-open and discharge. There is general uneasiness 
or restlessness, anxiety, headache, chilliness, and perhaps a feel- 
ing of stiffness or lameness. The patient may be low-spirited; 
the vessels about the neck become congested, and expectoration 
is increased; the difficulty in swallowing also increases until the 
sight of water or some sound or sharp noise may startle the 
patient and bring on convulsions. During these attacks the mind 



188 FAVORITE, MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

is usually lost and the patient may rave, or strange hallucinations 
may be present. There is also moderate fever. Death usually 
occurs in four or five days. 

Treatments. — 

A. The first object should be to prevent absorption of 
the poison. If the bite has been on a limb, a stout cord or 
handkerchief may be tied around the limb and twisted with 
a piece of wood until circulation is arrested. Sucking the 
wound is usually effective in withdrawing the poison, and 
can convey no additional danger to the person bitten. If the 
patient cannot reach the wound with his own mouth, another 
may volunteer to suck it, although this is dangerous; but the 
danger may be largely obviated by applying a solution of Carbolic 
Acid to the wound before sucking. The use of caustics should 
not be delayed. A hot iron in the form of a nail, poker or other 
available instrument at a white heat, should be brought in con- 
tact with all parts of the wound. If the poison has been absorb- 
ed, one of the best remedies is what is commonly known as 
Red Chickweed (see Chickweed in Chapter on Herbs). 
It is prepared by boiling about one ounce of the dried plant in 
two quarts of strong beer or ale until it is half evaporated. 
Strain the liquid and add two drachms of Tincture of Opium. 
For an adult, the medicine should be given in Yz gill doses every 
morning for three mornings. If the symptoms are fully develop- 
ed, the whole of the preparation may be taken in one day. The 
dose for children should be in proportion to their age. Persons 
bitten should bathe the wound with the same liquid. Those about 
the person who has been bitten should preserve a calm and 
cheerful demeanor, and avoid all allusions to the occurrence. He 
should be protected from all excitement, and should not be 
allowed to see that he is an object of solicitude. 

B. If the wound from a rabid dog is on an extremity, as a 
finger or toe, and it is possible to sever the member at once by asingle 
blow from a large knife or hatchet, the treatment, while it may 
seem a little harsh, would be effectual. The next best thing to 
do, if the remedies are at hand, is to apply a Caustic (See 
Caustics) — alkalies or acids. A strong alkali, as a stick of 
Potash, would be better than an acid because its effects go deeper. 
Other means of arresting the poison are by shutting off the circu- 
lation, sucking the wound or application of hot iron, as mentioned 
elsewhere. According to past teachings, if the poison gains 
entrance into the system, there is no known remedy that will do 
more than to relieve the symptoms ; in other words, symp- 
tomatic treatment is about all that can be applied. For this 
purpose Chloroform, large doses of Morphine, etc., are recom- 
mended. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 189 

While we have not had experience with this disease, we wish 
to suggest a treatment that certainly seems rational, and one that 
we should speedily adopt if occasion ever required. The reme- 
dies we should use would be Atropine and Pilocarpine. Give at 
once Yi of a grain of Pilocarpine and T ^ of a grain of Atropine 
with a hypodermic needle. This will speedily bring the blood to 
the surface and cause profuse sweating. In order to aid perspir- 
ation, apply artificial heat by any means, and keep the water 
literally pouring out of every pore of the skin. This is simply a 
means of elimination, and one of the quickest and most thorough 
that could be adopted. The object, of course, is to relieve the 
system of the poison. Give large quantities of pure water. I,et 
the patient drink this by the pint. Not all at once, of course, 
yet in a few hours a large quantity of pure water can be taken in 
this way and cause no inconvenience. Atropine aids materially 
in bringing the blood to the surface, but will not produce sweat- 
ing. It is also a powerful stimulant; it stimulates the heart, the 
circulation and the respiration. This is of particular benefit since 
the Pilocarpine is a depressant; but while Yz of a grain of Pilo- 
carpine has a tendency to weaken the patient, it is one of the 
quickest remedies to effect elimination. These are desperate 
cases and need heroic treatment. While this work is going on, 
and at the very beginning, give a large and active cathartic — 
something that will cause large, watery evacuations, as 10 grains 
of Scamony and 10 grains of Jalap. The large amount of water 
taken will not only aid in keeping up the sweating, but it will 
dilute the poisons and aid materially in keeping the bowels active. 
This same treatment applies to any other case of blood poisoning. 

Note. — We believe also that Treatment "B" under Lockjaw would be 
ideal if the patient was sufficiently manageable to apply it. 

Hysterical Hydrophobia. — There are cases of hysteria 
that are said to simulate hydrophobia so nearly that, judging 
from the symptoms, no distinction could be made. The hyster- 
ical patient may mimic animals, such as the cat or dog; there 
may be spasmodic and highly emotional periods, where the 
patient is unable to swallow, has a fear or dread of water, etc. 
There are also those who claim that there is no such disease as 
hydrophobia. This claim is supported by some of our best phy- 
sicians. While hysterical patients may give all of the symptoms 
of hydrophobia, such a claim would not cover the conditions met 
in the lower animals. Surely we cannot charge these cases to 
hysteria, and to our minds this is proof positive that hydrophobia 
is a distinct and separate disease. Hydrophobia does not occur 
from the bite of rabid animals nearly so often as many suppose. 
L,ess than ten per cent of those bitten by mad dogs have the 



iqo FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

disease. This statement is supported by James Howard Thorn- 
ton, M.D., Fellow of the King's College of I^ondon, and by many 
other eminent physicians. 

HYPOCHONDRIA.— This is an affection of the nervous 
system characterized by the belief that one has some bodily 
ailment or disease. The patient has spells of moodiness. It is 
similar to Melancholia. Monomania, or insanity upon one subject, 
is another evidence of the same condition. Rheumatism, head- 
ache, mental stupor, lack of resolution, hysteria and many other 
depressions and hallucinations are the result of the same cause; 
so is insanity. 

Cause. — A gradual loss of nerve control resulting from the 
irritating effects of indigestion and retained waste. A lack of 
proper nourishment reduces the vitality and physical force below 
par, and the patient is unable to exercise proper control of him- 
self. The brain becomes clouded and dull, and intelligent guid- 
ance is more or less disturbed, i. <?., the individual is unable to 
exercise proper control of his actions. The various conditions 
mentioned are simply different manifestations of the one cause. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment suggests itself. It consists of attention to 
diet, digestion and elimination, also an abundance of pure water, 
fresh air, sunshine and proper exercise. This is the best treat- 
ment for conditions of this kind. Drug medication is unimport- 
ant, although in severe cases may be required for a short time. 
Chloral, the Bromides and Asafcetida are probably the best 
remedies. 

HYSTERIA. — As a disorder of the nervous system it is 
generally confined to women, usually occurring in paroxysms, 
but in very nervous women approaching a chronic state. A 
paroxysm may vary from moaning and gesticulation to violent 
struggling. There may also be slight twitching of the muscles, 
and in some cases general convulsive movements. Consciousness 
is never wholly lost, and the paroxysm is believed to be more or 
less under the control of the patient, who, if instead of giving 
way to her feelings would endeavor to control them, might possi- 
bly escape a paroxysm altogether. Hysteria may, however, be 
developed during the course of an organic disease, when, owing 
to a weakened condition, the patient is certainly less accountable 
for lack of self-control. The severer forms mentioned are not 
often met. 

A. A 5-grain pill of Asafcetida taken three times a day will 
generally control hysteria. Or a fine thing for nervous disorders 
of any kind is a tea made of Scullcap, or of English Valerian, or 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 191 

of American Valerian (common lady slipper). See chapter on 
herbs for description and directions. Any treatment to be effect- 
ive must be long-continued. 

B. Tincture of Valerian 3 drachms. 

Asafcetida 30 grains. 

Water 4 ounces. 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful every two 
hours. — (46). 

INFLAMMATION. — Inflammation is a morbid or diseased 
process in some part of the living body. There are present heat, 
pain, redness and swelling. The conditions present in inflam- 
mation and in fever are the same, and the cause is the same. 
However, inflammation is generally understood to be localized, as 
inflammation of the liver, lungs or kidneys, or inflammation of a 
joint in rheumatism. Inflammations are spoken of as adhesive or 
fibrinous, plastic or corpuscular, and aplastic. Adhesive inflam- 
mation is where a wound heals without suppurating — without the 
formation of pus; in plastic inflammation the wound heals less 
rapidly; in aplastic inflammation the wound shows a strong 
tendency to suppurate with no tendency to heal. These condi- 
tions are sometimes spoken of as healing by first, second and 
third intention. 

Cause. — The cause is an irritant. The blood may contain 
irritants as a result of indigestion and result in inflammatory 
rheumatism. Inflammation may result from an accident or 
injury, as a sprain, dislocation, cut, or penetrating wound; or it 
may result from a poisoned wound. Chronic inflammation may 
result from chronic dyspepsia, the prolonged use of alcohol, 
syphilis, tuberculosis, etc. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms are both local and constitutional. 
The local symptoms are those already mentioned — heat, pain, 
redness and swelling. The constitutional symptom is fever. 
The conditions and changes present in the blood vessels and 
circulation are the same as those described under fever. 

Treatment. — 

See Fevers. If from a poisoned wound, see Blood Poisoning. 
If from inflammatory rheumatism or accident, see treatment 
under those heads. If resulting from tuberculosis or other 
chronic disease, see treatment accordingly. 

INFLUENZA.— LA GRIPPE.— Through custom we are 
in the habit of calling any and all kinds of acute catarrhal condi- 
tions by this term. Influenza has long been recognized by 
medical writers. It usually occurs in epidemic form. The 



192 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

majority of cases resemble an ordinary cold, yet there are some 
attacks that present a striking contrast, i, e., a sudden onset, 
followed by debility and prostration which seem to be out of all 
proportion to any known cause. This is more particularly true 
with the old and those not physically strong. There are but few 
deaths resulting directly from this disease, yet other diseases, such 
as pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, consumption, etc., may follow, 
and for this reason those who have had a severe attack ought to 
take every precaution and remain indoors until the danger is past. 
It is not always necessary to have a doctor, perhaps seldom, yet 
good judgment and care should be exercised in every case. 

Cause. — By some it is believed to be caused by a germ. Per- 
haps the great majority believe it is caused by atmospheric 
changes. The reason for this belief is that it occurs in widely 
separated districts at the same time. 

Symptoms. — The onset is sudden with chills or chilliness, 
followed by fever and a weakness that in some cases amounts 
almost to prostration. Headache is present, especially frontal 
headache — over the eyes. The reason is that situated over 
each eye in the frontal bone is a cavity which is lined with 
mucous membrane, being continuous through and opening 
from the nose. The catarrh may close the opening, and the 
pressure from the swollen membrane and the exudate will cause 
pain. Catarrhal symptoms are abundant. The mucous mem- 
brane of the nasal passages, throat, bronchial tubes, etc., all 
furnish a profuse secretion, which is at first thin and watery, 
but later becomes thick and tenacious. The patient feels sore 
and lame, and in some cases there is a deep, dull pain throughout 
the body. The appetite is destroyed. In lighter attacks sneezing 
is frequent, the eyes are watery, the tongue may be coated, and 
the discharge from the nose keeps the patient busy giving special 
attention to that organ. 

Treatments. — 

A. Mild cases may be treated successfully without a doctor, 
as follows: 

For the catarrhal and nasal discharge take the following: 

Atropine 5 V grain. 

Morphine.. ]/z " 

Calomel i " 

Mix intimately and divide into 8 powders. 
Take I powder every two hours until the 
throat is dry or the face is flushed, or until the 
catarrhal symptoms disappear; then continue 
every three hours, or three times a day. If 
the amount of Calomel is not sufficient to 
move the bowels, take a dose of Seidlitz Salts, 
Castor Oil, or any other convenient laxative. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 193 

Another most excellent remedy is the following: 

Acetanilid j4 drachm. 

Salicylate of Soda )4 

Mix intimately, and divide into 12 powders. 
Take one of these every two hours until the 
ears ' ' sing. ' ' After that take one powder every 
three hours, or three times a day. 

The Acetanilid powders have no effect in controlling the 
nasal catarrh, while the Atropine powders are directed especially 
to that condition, hence these remedies may be taken alternately. 
This would bring the doses one hour apart. Take until the face 
is flushed or the ears "sing." When the face flushes, the Atro- 
pine powders should be taken only three times a day, as directed 
above; when the ears "sing," the Salicylate of Soda powders 
should be taken only three times a day. It is not our purpose to 
recommend remedies that are not supported by our personal expe- 
rience, hence we are confident that the above treatment, applied 
according to directions, will prove satisfactory in the great 
majority of cases. 

The patient should remain indoors for a few days, and in 
those cases that are more severe should remain in bed for a day 
or two. Keep an even temperature and good ventilation. This 
will undoubtedly hasten favorable termination, and is advised in 
all cases where circumstances will permit. 

In those cases that are very severe, where, following a sudden 
onset, there are chills and debility amounting almost to collapse, 
put the patient to bed, apply external heat and give hot drinks. 
If there is vomiting, put a large Mustard plaster over the stomach, 
put the feet into hot water, and give a cathartic and stimulants. 
The Salicylate of Soda powders are applicable to these cases, and 
will prove the very best remedy that can be given. 

Following these cases, mild or severe, there is often a trouble- 
some and persistent cough: Malto Yerbine, given in teaspoonful 
doses six or eight times a day is often a specific for this cough. 

Where the severer form attacks old people, supporting treat- 
ment in the form of nourishing food and tonics is always needed, 
and even the same precaution taken by those of younger years 
will prove of benefit by hastening a more complete and satisfactory 
cure. For those cases needing a tonic, give the following: 

Fellows' Compound Syrup of Hypo- 
phosphates 3 ounces. 

Maltine 6 " 

Mix together by shaking the bottle, and 
take in tablespoonful doses before or imme- 
13 diately after meals. 



194 



FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



This will prove one of the most nutritive and satisfactory 
remedies that can be taken. Following a severe case, great care 
should be exercised to guard against exposure, as the second 
attack is liable to be more disastrous than the first. 

B. If in mild form this seldom requires medical attendance. 
Keep the patient in the house and, if possible, on the bed or sofa 
for two or three days. Meat should be avoided and the diet 
restricted to simple and easily digested food. Moderate quantities 
of cold drinks should be taken, such as fruit juices, lemonade, 
raspberry vinegar, etc. Quinine in moderate doses should be 
taken from the first. The tickling cough calls for steam inhala- 
tions, and the air of the room may be kept moist by the evapora- 
tion of water kept boiling in a broad, shallow vessel. If the case 
is severe, a physician should be called. 

C. Take for the head and backache 5 to 10 grains Phen- 
acetine. For an adult follow with doses of 1 drop each of Tincture 
of Aconite and Spirits of Camphor every two hours. — (8). 

D. Five grains of Quinine every four hours, with 1 grain of 
Dover's Powder and 1 grain of Camphor with each dose. — (7). 

E. Quinine 1 drachm. 

Dover's Powder % 

Capsicum 30 grains. 

Calomel 1 

Mix, divide into 12 powders and take 1 
every two to four hours. — (46). 

F. Soak the feet, put to bed and give warm herb teas 
to produce sweating. Move the bowels with a mild cathartic, 
such as Rhubarb Syrup, which for an adult may be given in 
dessertspoonful doses three or four times a day. Also give from 
3- to 5-grain doses of Quinine every four hours. As additional 
nourishment, if the appetite is poor, give the following: 

Milk 10 tablespoonfuls. 

Good Brandy or Whiskey... 5 " 

Add to this the white of an egg, thoroughly beaten, and 2 
tablespoonfuls of white sugar. Give a tablespoonful, say every 
four hours. — (71). 

INSANITY. — While some cases are violent, it should be 
remembered that many cases are mild. Insanity does not neces- 
sarily mean a dangerous condition of the mind, and no strictly 
dividing line can be drawn between sanity and insanity. It is 
well known that from time to time sane people have been placed 
in insane asylums. It is also well known that in each case before 
being removed, the prisoner was examined by those supposed to 
be capable judges. So long as a man's speech and actions con- 
form to the general standard, his right to individual citizenship is 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 195 

unquestioned. His manner may be overbearing, maybe pleasing 
or displeasing, may be mild or energetic; his habits may be cleanly 
or unhygienic; he may resort to sharp practices, or be easily led 
by others; his dealings may be questionable or honest; his 
conduct may be strange, or may be within the limits of good 
judgment; his temper may be mild or vicious; but so long as he 
does not pass beyond a certain limit, he will not be molested. 
His self-control may be the result of far-sighted cunning, or the 
result of legitimate business and moral principles; that makes 
no difference regarding the question of sanity so long as the 
instincts of propriety dominate. So long as this is true, the man 
is safe from the charge of insanity. By a failure to fully develop 
our faculties, by perverted instincts through bad company and 
bad habits, we all contain, perhaps, elements of insanity. 

Insanity is caused by indigestion, whether resulting from the 
prolonged use of alcohol or other cause. This is followed by the 
morbid influence of unhealthy blood. We all understand that this 
condition produces disease of the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, etc. ; 
it also produces disease of the brain. The organs mentioned 
undergo structural changes. One-fifth of all the blood in the 
body goes to nourish the brain. For this reason the brain is 
much more exposed to the morbid influence of septic blood, and 
it is no wonder that it also undergoes structural changes. If the 
morbid influence continues, there is a molecular change in the 
brain substance, i. e. t its chemistry is altered. It cannot be 
otherwise. Unhealthy blood never did and never will produce 
normal, healthy tissue in the brain or anywhere else. Again, the 
lack of normal or uniform development of the nervous system, 
while it may not cause insanity, may cause the individual to com- 
mit rash, immoral or illegal acts. Any and all of these conditions 
are made worse by bad company, which tends to develop low, 
vicious habits. 

The controlling center of the nervous system is the brain 
and spinal cord. The brain is situated in the skull, and the cord 
in a canal formed in the spinal column. The nerves escape 
through little openings called foramen. All of the tissues of the 
body, including the brain, are composed of small particles of 
matter called cells. The cells vary in composition according to 
the part or organ in which they are placed, and according to the 
duties which they perform. In the brain these cells are situated 
externally, or on the surface. They are gray in color and form a 
layer about one- quarter of an inch deep. The surface of the 
brain is marked by deep fissures or grooves, and these are also 
filled with the gray cells — Nature's method of economizing 
space. With the fissures or convolutions unfolded, or spread 
out, the surface of the brain would measure about four square 



ig6 FAVORITE MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

feet. The gray cells, or the outer surface of the brain, furnish 
the source from which all human power is supposed to emanate. 
Internally the brain is composed of nerve fibers. The nerves are 
lighter in color and, as stated elsewhere, are no more nor less 
than prolongations or long-drawn-out thread-like processes of the 
nerve cells. All are held together by a framework of delicate 
tissue called connective tissue, or neuroglia. In the spinal cord 
the gray cells are located internally and the fibers externally. 

The brain is the center of the nervous system. In health it 
is the seat of judgment, reason and memory; in a word, the seat of 
government. Pain, injury or any trouble is at once transmitted 
to the brain by the nerve fibers, just as a message is sent by 
means of a telegraph wire. The brain is the central station, 
understands all messages, and instantly forms a complete concep- 
tion of the situation or condition, understands the wish, desire, 
danger or trouble, and sends back the order of action. The 
outer covering of the brain, or nerve cells, is the seat of reason, 
judgment, emotion, sensation, pleasure, pain, and all that we 
see, hear, enjoy or suffer; but with the molecular or elementary 
change above described, these cells are unable to receive, analyze 
or transmit thought and action intelligently. Instead the mind 
becomes clouded, dull, stupid or vicious, and insanity results. 
The function of the nerve fibers differs from that of the nerve 
cells, as it is the duty of the fibers to convey such thought, sensa- 
tion, etc. The nerve fibers are only the material substance 
through which thought and sensation are expressed, just as wire 
is the material substance through which a telegraphic message 
is expressed. In the same way the nerve cells are the material 
substance through which intelligence is made manifest, just 
as the steel of a magnet is the material substance through 
which magnetic influence is made manifest. The nervous 
system with its five senses is but the marvelous expression 
of the one great power. The five senses are evidence of the 
wisdom of the Creator: The sense of touch is more acute in the 
fingers than on the elbow or the nose, because it is more conven- 
ient to feel with the hands; the sense of taste is left to the mouth, 
because that is where the food must be placed before being eaten; 
the eyes and ears are placed in the head so that we can see and 
hear while we are using our hands and feet; the sense of smell is 
placed in the nasal cavities because the air is constantly passing 
through them to the lungs, hence we are able to detect the first 
symptoms of decay, bad air or foul odor. 

While the brain is the great center of the nervous system, 
the spinal cord also contains many subordinate nerve centers. 
Many nerve fibers extend downward from the brain and join with 
those of the spinal cord, and the subordinate centers thus formed 



DISH ASUS AND TREATMENTS. 



197 



may be compared with a switch-board in large telegraph offices 
where messages are received by one system and transmitted by 
another. So also in the nervous system: Messages are received 
by one system and sent to the brain by another, hence the 
centers in the cord are under the control of the brain. Life, 
force and intelligence pervade the nervous system everywhere, 
and it is this unseen influence which conveys impressions and 
controls our actions. 

The nervous system is divided into the cerebrospinal and 
sympathetic. The cerebro -spinal includes those nerves which have 
their origin in the brain and spinal cord. The sympathetic is so 
called because it is believed to produce sympathy between the 
different organs and tissues of the body. The cerebro -spinal 
nerves are under the control of the will. They supply the volun- 
tary or external muscles — those under our control. The sympa- 
thetic nerves are connected with the brain and spinal cord indi- 
rectly, and are not under the control of the will. They supply the 
involuntary or internal muscles — those of the stomach, heart, 
liver, kidneys, etc. The sympathetic nerve fibers have their 
origin just in front of the spinal column; they are connected with 
the cord indirectly, and also continue up into the brain. The 
sympathetic system forms large ganglions, or bundles, of nerve 
fibers in different parts of the body. One of the largest is sit- 
uated just behind the stomach and is called the solar plexus. 
This is why a sharp blow or injury over this point produces such 
a shock, and why, if severe enough, unconsciousness, collapse, 
and even death may follow. When we refer to the "pit" of the 
stomach, it is this bundle of nerve fibers that has been disturbed. 
Iyike the centers in the spinal cord, these groups of nerve fibers 
communicate with and are under the control of the brain. 

As stated, a lack of development of the nervous system is 
often the cause of crime. This is the reason some persons commit 
crime while others do not. It has also been stated that a lack of 
development may be the result of bad company, bad habits or 
low moral surroundings. These influences tend to develop only 
the baser elements of human nature, while the higher and nobler 
instincts are allowed to remain dormant. Children and young 
people otherwise bright may lack development in some particular. 
This may lead to drink or dishonesty in early life, and be wholly 
overcome in later years when experience has taught them that 
which they did not know. A lack of development may render it 
easy or difficult to be moral. One class scarcely needs the re- 
straining influence of the law ; another class becomes criminals in 
spite of the law. Mental traits and characteristics reside in the 
subtle force expressed through the nervous system. When there 
is improper or imperfect development, we should by proper influ- 



198 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

ence raise the unfortunate, if possible, to honest citizenship, 
rather than be so fierce in our thirst for their punishment. Man 
can be led, but he cannot be driven. 

INSOMNIA. — Insomnia is a disease of the nervous system 
in which there is inability to sleep. This may exist alone or be 
connected with some other affection. It is a sign of disease even 
if there is no pain or other evidence of suffering. It may be the 
result of mental overwork. 

TrE ATM ENTS . — 

A. If an accompaniment of other disease, the treatment 
should be directed to the disease proper; if due to mental over- 
work, Chloral or the Bromides are the best remedies. Of the 
Chloral, 20 grains, well diluted in water, may be given at one 
dose; of the Bromide of Potash, 40 grains, also well diluted in 
water, may be given at cne dose. Or better, 20 grains of each 
may be given together. If sleep is not produced in two or three 
hours, one-half the dose — 10 grains of each — may be given. If 
eight or nine hours' sleep can be secured, it will greatly refresh 
and strengthen the individual and lessen the danger of a recur- 
rence of the trouble on the succeeding night. He should be released 
from his daily cares to as great an extent as possible, should take 
out-of-door exercise, and give special attention to diet, elimina- 
tions, etc. 

B. A hot bath for twenty to thirty minutes before going to 
bed.-( 45 ). 

C. Trionol 1 drachm. 

Sulphonol 1 " 

Mix, divide into 12 powders and take one 
at bedtime. — (46). 

D. A brisk cathartic, followed by 10-grain doses of Bromide 
of Potassium every three hours. — (7). 

INTERMITTENT FEVER. — (See under Malarial 
Fevers) . 

INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.— Intestinal Obstruc- 
tion is a condition in which natural movement is prevented by 
mechanical means. It may follow inflammation resulting from 
injury. The obstruction may be partial or complete, acute (sudden) 
or chronic. Acute obstruction is due to the sudden narrowing or 
stoppage of some portion of the bowel; chronic obstruction is due 
to the gradual narrowing or stoppage of some portion of the bowel. 
A chronic narrowing may at any time become acute. When the 
obstruction also includes the shutting off of the circulation, it is 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 199 

called strarigulation. Strangulation may follow an internal hernia. 
The small bowel is driven through some narrow internal opening, 
which may be the result of inflammation of the peritoneum at 
some previous time. The peritoneum lines the whole abdominal 
cavity and also surrounds the stomach and bowels. As a result 
of inflammation this membrane may have grown fast at different 
points, thus forming openings between the attached surfaces. Fol- 
lowing a mild form of appendicitis, the outer end of the appendix 
may have grown fast, leaving a narrow slit or space beneath ; 
following inflammation of the tubes or ovaries, there may have 
been adhesions leaving small openings; inflammatory conditions 
of tumors may result in adhesion and small clefts or openings. 
Through any of these a loop of the small intestine may be driven. 
This would constitute an Internal Hernia, and if the pressure was 
severe enough to shut off the circulation, it would be called 
strangulated. The only difference between an internal and an 
external hernia is that the external hernia gives positive signs of 
its presence by the swelling produced, while the presence of an 
internal hernia is suspected only from the symptoms, and the 
symptoms may closely resemble other forms of obstruction. 

Causes. — Mechanical obstruction of the bowels may be due to 
any of the following: 

Internal Hernia, Volvulus, Intersusception, pressure from 
Tumor Growths, E?ilarged Spleen, partial Paralysis, with corre- 
sponding loss of peristalsis, Stone — Enteroliths, or foreign 
bodies in. 

The most frequent cause of obstruction is constipation, as 
this causes a gradual absorption of the fluids, leaving the contents 
of the bowel a dry and hardened mass. 

Internal Hernia, Obstruction from. — Symptoms. — The 
attack is sudden and severe, and usually follows some violent 
exercise. Vomiting begins early and is continuous, and soon 
becomes stercoracious, that is, some of the contents of the bowel 
are ejected. There is bloating, soreness comes on in a few hours, 
the pulse is rapid and feeble and the temperature is subnormal, 
the patient grows faint and, if relief is not had, collapse and 
death soon follow. 

Treatment. — 

Tincture of Nux Vomica 1^ drachms. 

Tincture of Belladonna 2 " 

Laudanum 2 " 

Glycerine enough to make 2 ounces. 

Give one teaspoonful of this mixture every thirty minutes 
until the face is flushed. The Nux Vomica will increase peri- 
stalsis—the natural movement of the bowels. Belladonna will 



200 FAVORITE MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

relieve the spasmodic condition that is always present at the 
beginning, and the Laudanum will quiet the pain. This remedy 
is as good as any, yet it is dangerous to depend upon medicine in 
cases of this kind. Usually an operation is needed, and the earlier 
this is performed the better. 

Volvulus. — This means a twisting of a section of the bowel, 
forming a kink. It usually occurs low down in the large bowel, 
or rectum. Or two intestinal coils of the small bowel may become 
twisted together; this occurs high up in the small bowel. Either 
may cause obstruction. 

Cause. — The most frequent cause is constipation. 

Symptoms. — If the small bowel becomes twisted, the symp- 
toms correspond to internal hernia. When occurring low down 
in the large bowel, the condition is usually preceded by constipa- 
tion, and one of the early symptoms is sudden pain. If vomiting 
occurs, it is late — after several hours or a day — and is not severe, 
only the contents of the stomach being ejected. There is no fever; 
the temperature may be subnormal. If not relieved, there is 
bloating and soreness, commencing in the left side. The pulse is 
rapid and feeble. Serious symptoms, as collapse, are not likely to 
occur early. 

Treatment. — 

If due to constipation, which is the most common cause, 
thorough elimination is the treatment. Give 10 grains of Calo- 
mel, or other active cathartic, and give large injections of warm 
soapy water regularly every hour, elevating the hips of the patient 
and having the ejections retained as long as possible each time. 
Gently kneading the bowels while giving the injections is of 
benefit. The pain may be overcome with a few drops of Lauda- 
num. If the patient is pale, cold and weak, give stimulants — 
hot drinks, hot pepper tea, whiskey sling, artificial heat — any 
means of bringing the blood to the surface. If improvement does 
not soon take place, send for a doctor. 

If the small bowel becomes twisted, an operation will proba- 
bly be necessary. Medicinal treatment would be the same as 
that for internal hernia, or perhaps in such case 6 ounces of 
Sweet Oil given internally would be better. 

Intersusception. — This is a slipping of one portion of the 
small bowel into another, like slipping one-half the finger of a 
glove into the other half. 

Cause — The cause is said to be increased peristalsis, or too 
much activity in the movement of the bowels. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 201 

Symptoms. — Tenesmus, or frequent desire to evacuate the 
bowels. Mucus and blood are passed, there is a little bloating, 
and usually vomiting, but only of the contents of the stomach. 
The prolapsed bowel may extend the whole length of the digest- 
ive tract and be detected in the rectum. 

Treatment. — 

Keep the patient quiet; give 6-ounce dose of pure Sweet Oil; 
repeat in two hours, if needed. Control the pain with a few 
drops of L,audanum, and institute the usual treatment for vomit- 
ing. I^arge hot Mustard plasters over the stomach is one of the 
best means. If the patient is cold, apply heat and give hot 
drinks. If there is no improvement, send for the doctor. These 
cases generally need operation. 

Tumor Growths. — Pressure from tumors of the uterus, 
ovaries, kidneys or other internal viscera may cause mechanical 
obstruction of the bowel. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms from this form of obstruction 
come on gradually, occasional pains becoming more frequent and 
severe. There is a history of constipation. There may be occa- 
sional vomiting, the appetite is poor, and there is more or less 
dyspepsia, headache and bloating. If the tumor is inside the 
bowel, there will be blood and pus in the eliminations. 
Treatment. — 

Operation is the only means of affording permanent relief. 
See Tumors. 

Enlargement of the Spleen. — An enlarged spleen is 
evidence of an unhealthy system. The spleen is supplied with 
blood vessels which are larger in proportion to the size of the 
organ than those supplying other structures. This increases the 
danger and results in greater structural changes. The circulation 
is not carried on through the spleen the same as through other 
organs, but the blood flows through large channels or sinuses 
which are formed of the spleen itself. This brings the effects of 
unhealthy and irritating blood in direct contact with the tissues 
of the spleen, hence the organ is liable to a chronic form of 
inflammation and enlargement. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms come on gradually and corre- 
spond to those described under tumor growth. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment would be general, or systemic. One of the 
best remedies for enlarged spleen is Hydrochlorate of Berberine 
in ^ -grain doses, taken four times a day — with meals and at bed- 
time. 



202 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Paralysis. — What is called the ulnar nerve supplies a part of 
the forearm. At the elbow this nerve occupies an exposed 
position, and sometimes receives a slight blow which causes a 
peculiar sensation of numbness to extend along the arm and 
fingers. This is the sensation when one hits his "crazy bone." 
This same temporary numbness and partial loss of power may be 
produced in the bowels by the constant pressure resulting from 
chronic constipation, but this condition would not properly come 
under the head of paralysis. 

Stone, or Enteroliths.— Symptoms.— There will be a history 
of occasional colicky pains at that point, also difficulty in bowel 
movement with increased pain at that time. If acute obstruction 
occurs, there is intense pain, early vomiting and rapid pulse. 
The patient is pale and the surface cold. 

Treatment. — 

Six ounces of pure Sweet Oil may be given; also warm water 
injections every hour. If pain is very severe, give from 10 to 20 
drops of Laudanum in a little sweetened water. If the patient is 
pale and the surface cold, give hot drinks, hot whiskey sling, and 
apply external heat. Any convenient remedies for vomiting may 
be employed, as, a Mustard plaster over the stomach. If the case 
does not early respond to treatment, send for a doctor. 

Obstructions from Foreign Bodies. — The obstruction 
from foreign bodies and also from stone in the bowel occurs low 
down in the small bowel at its junction with the large, because 
that is the smallest part of the entire bowel. A stone or foreign 
body might cause ulceration if not removed, which would be 
its greatest danger. In case of a foreign body there is a history 
of something being swallowed. However, any article small 
enough to pass into the stomach is almost sure to pass through the 
bowel without difficulty. 

Symptoms. — There is distress for days before the obstruction 
occurs. If the obstruction comes on suddenly and is complete, 
there is pain, sharp and desperate, nausea, vomiting, and weak, 
rapid pulse. The patient is pale, the temperature may be 
subnormal, and there is great prostration the same as in internal 
hernia. 

Treatment. — 

Treatment is the same as for Stone or Inter susception. 

Important. — It should be remembered that following obstruc- 
tion in any part of the bowel the symptoms are more or less alike. 
The symptoms of acute obstruction from any cause are much the 
same, and no one can say positively that it is hernia, volvulus 
or intersusception. In strangulated hernia, that is, where the 



DISH ASUS AND TREATMENTS. 203 

circulation is shut off, the symptoms would probably be more 
severe, yet even in this case there would still remain some doubt 
until an operation should reveal the true situation. 

IRITIS. — (See under Kye, Diseases of). 

ITCH. — (See under Skin Diseases). 

JAUNDICE. — Jaundice is a condition resulting from the 
obstruction of the bile passages. It is characterized by a yellow 
discoloration of the skin, preceded or accompanied by languor, 
and often with nausea. There is also a yellowish tinge to the 
white of the eye. Constipation is usually present. 

Cause. — The cause is congestion of the bile ducts; or the 
congestion may be confined to that portion of the duct that opens 
into the bowels. It is a catarrhal condition, and the catarrh is 
the same as may exist elsewhere. There is congestion, and a 
greater or less amount of mucous secretions collect in the tubes 
and obstruct the flow of bile. The catarrh may result from ex- 
cessive eating followed by indigestion, from using too much 
alcohol, may be caused by malaria, or may result from taking 
cold. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms are nausea, loss of appetite and 
slight fever. There may be diarrhea or constipation, usually the 
latter. There is a yellowish color to the skin, which also shows 
in the whites of the eyes. There may be more or less pain in 
the region of the stomach and bowels. The mind becomes dull 
and the patient is pervaded by a spirit of languor. The urine 
contains bile. 

Treatments. — 

A. — An active cathartic should be given at once, such as a 
single dose of Calomel of 5 to 10 grains. The patient should 
diet for a few days and secure an abundance of fresh air. After 
securing thorough action from the Calomel, the patient should 
take one teaspoonful of Phosphate of Soda dissolved in y 2 to */i 
of a glass of water. This should be taken one hour before each 
meal. The dose may be increased or diminished as found neces- 
sary. This remedy has a special action on the liver: It will 
relieve the congestion, dissolve the mucus and leave the bile ducts 
free. This insures increased activity along the whole digestive 
tract. Tonics may be needed for a few days. For this purpose 
give the following: 

Tincture of Gentian 1 drachm. 

Tincture of Columbo 1 " 

Elixir of Calisaya Bark, enough to 

make..... 2 ounces. 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful before meals. 



204 



FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



If the trouble is due to Malaria, see treatment under that 
head. 

B. Teaspoonful of Soda Phosphate in hot water before meals. 
Stop beer, tea, coffee and meats. I4ve on bread and Olive Oil. 

-(59). 

C. Calomel ^ grain 

Soda y 2 " 

Get in tablet form and take one every two 
hours. — (46.) 



JOINTS AND THEIR DISEASES. 



The various bones of which the human skeleton is formed are 
connected together at different parts or points, and these connec- 
tions are called joints. 

The articular or adjoining ends of bones are covered with 
a thin membrane. This membrane is slightly elastic, and in 
places is thickened, which enables it to break the force of con- 
cussion, while its smoothness affords freedom of movement. The 
thickness varies according to the shape of the bone which it 
covers. If the surface of the bone is convex or rounded, the 
membrane is thickest in the center where the greatest pressure is 
received; if the surface is concave or hollow, it is thickest at the 
border. 

Bones forming movable joints are held together by cartilages 
and ligaments, and are surrounded by what is called a capsular 
ligament or membrane. They are also supplied by a synovial 
membrane. The synovial membrane is a short, wide tube at- 
tached at either end to the margin of the articular cartilages. 
It invests the inner surface of the capsular ligament or membrane, 
and is reflected over the surface of all tendons passing through 
the cavity. The synovial membrane furnishes a thick fluid 
which lubricates the opposed surfaces and prevents friction. 
This fluid resembles the white of an egg, hence the name, synovial. 

Joints are subject to inflammation, acute and chronic; to 
dislocation; to wounds, both penetrating and non -penetrating; to 
sprains; to a condition known as white swelling; and to ankylosis, 
or stiff joint. Inflammation, whether acute or chronic, is usually 
rheumatic. (See under Rheumatism). Acute inflammation 
may, however, follow acute inflammatory diseases. It may also 
occur in the course of pyaemia (blood poisoning) from any cause. 
In such cases it is usually confined to one joint, the hip or knee, 
and the fluid which collects soon turns into pus. 




No. U. 

I, Muscles moving Foot. 2, Arteries. 3, Tendons of Muscles. 
4, 5, Veins. Tendon of Heel. 7, Muscles of Calf. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 205 

HIP JOINT DISEASE.— This disease is divided into three 
stages: The first stage includes an increased blood supply, or con- 
gestion, and the primary inflammation. In the second stage the 
inflammation continues, and there is an increased growth of the 
part due to the increased blood supply; there is also an effusion 
of blood serum (at first watery) into the surrounding tissue. In 
the third stage the new tissue and more or less of the surrounding 
structures degenerate, usually in the'form of pus, which on reach- 
ing the surface escapes, the same as from any other abscess. The 
cause of the destruction of tissue is impure blood and pressure 
due to the swelling and new growth. 

Cause. — Hip joint disease is due to an unhealthy system, the 
result of poor food, poor digestion and poor surroundings. It is 
most frequent in those of a scrofulous nature, in the anaemic and 
those poorly nourished. It may follow infectious diseases, such 
as scarlet fever or typhoid fever, where they are protracted, or 
syphilis may be the cause. The hip joint is most often affected 
because it is larger and more exposed, and also because it supports 
the weight of the body, hence is subject to pressure, strain and 
irritation. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms of the first stage are slight and 
may not be noticed. There may be slight pain and possibly lame- 
ness. The pain may refer to the hip, front of the thigh or the 
knee, because this is the course taken by the nerve that supplies 
the hip joint. 

In the second stage the lameness and pain increase, the child 
limps, and the symptoms are plainly noticeable. The muscles 
of the hip become shrunken, yet the hip may be broadened by 
reason of the effusion into the joint. The hip is drawn upward 
and forward, and the pelvis (hip bone) is tilted so as to rest the 
weight on the sound limb. This makes the diseased limb appear 
longer, yet it is not. The thigh, or leg above the knee, is flexed 
— drawn up. I^ay the child on its back, extend the limb as far as 
possible, then jar the heel by a sharp blow with the hand and it 
will cause pain in the hip joint. This is a prominent symptom of 
hip joint disease. Also an attempt to straighten the limb causes 
the pelvis (hip bone) to tilt forward. This is due to the fact that 
the pelvis moves with the limb in order to prevent pain. This 
causes an increase in the curvature in the small of the back, 
called Lordosis. Sharp pressure inward on the hip, or any active 
movement of the joint, causes severe pain. If pus forms, it may 
break externally and form what is called abscess of the hip. If 
the disease continues, the ligaments about the joint are de- 
stroyed, also the membrane covering the head of the bone and 
that lining the socket are both destroyed. The surfaces of the 



206 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

bones are thus brought in direct contact, and gradually they are 
worn away, both by the disease and by the pressure, and the 
limb is correspondingly shortened. 

In the third stage the head of the bone is destroyed, the large 
muscles about the hip draw the limb upward upon the outer sur- 
face of the pelvis, and the shortening is increased. The limb 
becomes more flexed — drawn up — and at this time any attempt 
to straighten it causes the pelvis to tilt forward, as stated. This 
is Nature's method of preventing pain, which otherwise would be 
severe. 

Treatment. — 

A. First, absolute rest. Lay the child on his back on a firm 
mattress. Make extension in order to relieve the pressure in the 
joint. A weight should be hung from the limb over the foot of 
the bed. This weight should be from three to eight pounds, 
depending upon the size of the child. Use a weight as heavy as 
the child can bear. Make the extension in the direction in which 
the limb has become flexed — bent — and gradually, from time to 
time, endeavor to straighten the limb and bring it to its natural 
position. Splints are needed, but this part of the treatment 
belongs to a physician. If the case is seen early, extension for 
three or four weeks may be sufficient. When the patient gets up, 
wear a high- heeled shoe on the sound limb. This will allow the 
weight of the diseased limb to aid in producing continuous exten- 
sion, thus relieving the joints. 

Internally, give Iodide of Arsenic three times a day, between 
meals. Give yj-g- of a grain at one dose, more or less according 
to the age of the child, It is understood, of course, that these 
cases require proper hygienic surroundings, abundance of fresh 
air and sunshine, most nourishing food, attention to the elimina- 
tions, etc. 

Another excellent remedy is the following: 

Fellows' Compound Syrup of Hypo- 
phosphites 3 ounces. 

Maltine 6 " 

Mix together by shaking the bottle, and 
take in tablespoonful doses before or imme- 
diately after meals. 

If the case has become chronic and the joint is destroyed, 
extension would then be of little value; but seen early, the fore- 
going treatment would be the most intelligent that could be 
applied, and in many cases would result favorably. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 207 

WHITE SWELLING.— This form of inflammation is 
always chronic, and occurs only in those previously unhealthy. In 
more recent years white swelling is understood to mean tuberculosis 
or consumption. Consumption is a degenerative change which 
usually occurs in the lungs, but may occur in any other tissue or 
part. Occurring in a joint, it may first affect the bone, the 
membrane surrounding the joint, or any other structure entering 
into the joint formation. The low form of inflammation present 
first results in an overgrowth of connective tissue; later the new 
tissue and more or less of the joint structure soften and degen- 
erate, the ligaments become relaxed and softened, and there is 
deformity in proportion. In some cases a large amount of fluid 
may collect during the earlier stages; in others there may be 
early degeneration of some part of the membrane surrounding 
the joint. This results in an opening which may continue to 
the surface, forming a sinus, from which later there is a more or 
less constant discharge of pus. In all cases the joint is swollen, 
and the skin is thickened and firmly adherent to the deeper 
structures as a result of the low form of inflammation which has 
existed for some time. There is no redness because the disease 
is chronic. Nutrition is more or less lacking, circulation is poor, 
and the color is lighter than normal, hence the term, white 
swelling. These conditions when affecting other joints are 
similar to that described under Hip Joint Disease. In these cases 
there is always more or less danger of general tuberculosis. 

Treatments . — 

A. The treatment is both general and local. For general 
treatment, see Consumption. The local treatment consists first of 
rest. Plaster casts and other forms of splints are recommended 
by some and objected to by others. A common seat of the 
disease is the knee joint, and here extension is valuable the same 
as in the treatment of Hip Joint Disease. If there is no improve- 
ment at the end of one month, most surgeons advise injecting 
into the joint some form of antiseptic solution, usually a 10 per 
cent solution of Iodoform in Glycerine. Some advise injecting 
Balsam of Peru. The Iodoform and Balsam combined make a 
most excellent disinfectant and local stimulant. In those cases 
where there is a large collection of fluid, it should be removed by 
an aspirator. 

While the above is the local treatment recommended, we 
must admit that it often fails to cure, and, in some cases, to 
afford relief. The real treatment consists in improving the 
system by attention to diet, elimination, fresh air, etc., as 
described under Consumption. There is always more or less 
stiffening of the joint in which the disease occurs. The stiffen- 
ing is the result of the overgrowth and contraction of connective 



208 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

tissue, or the destruction of bone, tendons and ligaments, or of 
all combined. 

B. Make a liniment of the following: 

Turpentine i ounce. 

Tincture Spanish Fly i " 

Sweet Oil i 

Laudanum i " 

Mix, and bathe the affected part night and 
morning, rubbing the liniment in well. — (83). 

STIFF JOINT, or ANKYLOSIS.— A stiff joint is the 
result of inflammation followed by overgrowth and contraction 
of new connective tissue, or by overgrowth of the bone itself. 
The first lessens joint movement; the second renders the joint 
immovable. 

Cause. — This condition may be the result of rheumatism, 
sprains, fractures into the joint, or any condition that produces 
inflammation. 

Treatments. — 

A. Stiff joint may be benefited, but a cure is doubtful. The 
treatment consists of massage and an attempt to move the joint. 
This should be practiced daily, or at least every other day, for a 
long time — perhaps many weeks. Natural movement of the 
joint should be obtained as far as possible, never carrying the 
effort to extremes, or far enough to produce pain. The applica- 
tion of some mild liniment may also be of benefit. For this 
purpose we recommend the following: 

Tincture of Iodine 2 ounces. 

Water of Ammonia 2 " 

Mix together. 

At first this mixture will be dark in color, but in a few hours 
it will become nearly transparent. The result of the mixture is 
Iodide of Ammonia. This form of Ammonia is mildly stimulat- 
ing, while the Iodine is one of the best remedies to liquefy the 
products of inflammation and render the diseased area free from 
refuse matter. 

It must be remembered, however, that in the majority of 
these cases the trouble is caused by a deposit of lime salts the 
same as that of which the bone is formed; in other words, the 
bones entering into the formation of the joints are more or less 
solidly united as one bone, hence too much must not be expected. 
In case of injury to the joint, especially fracture, the condition 
just described should be anticipated, and passive motion be insti- 
tuted at the earliest possible moment. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 209 

B. Use a liniment made of the following: 

Wintergreen Oil 1 drachm. 

Olive Oil 1 ounce. 

Aqua Ammonia x /z drachm. 

Oil of Lobelia 20 drops. 

Shake until it is mixed thoroughly, and bathe the joint just 
before retiring, sitting so the heat from the stove will strike the 
joint. If it is very stiff, at least ten minutes should be spent in 
rubbing it. 

THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR DISEASES. 



The kidneys are two small glandular organs or bodies situ- 
ated in the back part of the abdominal cavity. They are enclosed 
in a thin membrane of connective tissue, which is attached to the 
surrounding structure and thus holds the organs in position. 
They are also supported by the arteries and veins which enter 
and pass through the opening at the pelvis. 

Position. — If a long needle should be driven through the body 
2 x / 2 inches either side the median line — the center of the body — 
and one inch above the umbilicus — navel — it would graze the 
lower end of the kidney. The kidneys extend from this point 
upward and a little inward for a distance of about 4^ inches, 
locating them from behind, they would be found 2^ inches 
either side the center of the body, and covering the last dorsal 
and four upper lumbar vertebrae — bones which aid in forming the 
spinal column. Counting from above downward, this means the 
nineteenth and twenty-third vertebrae, inclusive. Locating them 
from the side, they extend from the eleventh rib nearly to the 
highest point of the hip bone. The one on the right side is a 
little lower than the one on the left, being crowded down by the 
liver. In size they are about 4}^ inches long, 2 inches wide, 
and 1 inch thick. The flat surfaces face front and back, while 
the edges face outward and inward. 

At the inner border or edge there is an opening called the 
pelvis. Reading from the pelvis, small tubes penetrate the organ in 
all directions. These tubes are lined with specialized cells which 
collect from the passing blood stream those elements that 
Nature has designed the kidneys to eliminate. Each tube termin- 
ates in a bulbous portion called glomeruli. The pelvis opens into 
the ureters and the ureters into the bladder. Really it is all one 
tube, varying in size and terminating in many small branches. 
First, the dilated portion, or bladder ; next, the ureters, which 
are about sixteen inches long ; then the small dilatation, or 
pelvis of the kidney; and last, leading from the pelvis, the many 

14 



2IO FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

small collecting tubes and their branches which terminate in a 
dilated extremity as stated. 

The arteries which supply the kidneys are very large in pro- 
portion to the size of the organs. The kidneys are but a bundle 
of blood vessels and collecting tubes, which from their winding 
course contain a large amount of blood and fluid. The import- 
ance of these organs may be better understood when it is remem- 
bered that should their action be suspended for twenty -four to 
forty-eight hours, death would probably result from the retained 
poisons. 

The kidneys are subject to the following diseases: 

Abscess, 

Amyloid Degeneration, 
Bright's Disease, or Inflammation, 
Congestion, or Albuminuria, 
Floating and Movable, 
Stone or Gravel in, 
Hydronephrosis, or distension from 
retained urine. 

ABSCESS OF THE KIDNEY.— Cause— An abscess 
may result from an injury or from a stone in the kidney, or by 
blocking of the ureter from any cause. Abscess of the kidney 
may also be caused by blood poisoning. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms of abscess of the kidney are 
sometimes slight so far as pain is concerned, although usually 
there is pain which extends to the groin. With the beginning of 
pus formation there may be chills. In those cases which we have 
seen the most prominent symptoms were the loss of appetite and 
the general wasting of flesh. The symptoms resemble consump- 
tion, with the exception of the cough. They also resemble 
cancer. 

Treatment. — 

As stated elsewhere, there is but one rule for abscess; wher- 
ever pus forms, free incision should be made and thorough drain- 
age established. This requires the services of a physician. Every 
attention should be paid to the general health. 

AMYLOID DEGENERATION.— (See under Liver, 
Diseases of). 

In 1827 Dr. Bright, an English physician, first gave some 
description of the changes which occur in kidney disease, and as 
a result it has been the custom with some to apply the term 
"Bright's Disease" to every variety and all forms of kidney 
trouble. By others the term is restricted to the chronic form, 
that is, where the disease has progressed far enough to produce 



^< r : 





6 \^: 






■%&*■ 



No. 10. 

i, Vein. 2, Artery. 3, Large Artery from Heart. 4, Diaphragm 
(cut off). 5, Kidneys. 6, Supra-renal Capsule. 7, Ureter. 8, Large 
Intestine. 9, Bladder. 



DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 2 1 1 

structural changes. There are still others who do not use the 
expression at all, claiming that it is meaningless — that it conveys 
no intelligent idea — that it cannot, because there are so many- 
forms of kidney disease. Personally, we believe that to call a 
disease after a man's name is a very foolish habit. However, as 
the term Bright' s disease has become so firmly fixed in the public 
mind, it is used here. 

BRIGHT'S DISEASE— INTERSTICIAL NEPHRI- 
TIS—CIRRHOSIS OF THE KIDNEYS.— This disease is 
always chronic. L,ike other structures, the kidneys have a con- 
nective tissue framework which penetrates the organ in all 
directions. The low form of inflammation which is present in 
B fight's Disease produces an overgrowth of this framework, which 
later contracts and destroys the organ. The shrinkage is most 
marked on the convex or outer portion because it contains the 
most connective tissue. The first effects of this form of the 
disease upon the kidneys is upon the secretive cells which line 
the collecting tubes, because in their efforts to remove from the 
circulation the irritants which cause the trouble, these cells be- 
come overworked. The blood, which is defective, affords poor 
nourishment, hence the shrinkage of the collecting tubes and their 
dilated extremities — the glomeruli — is among the earliest changes. 
Following close upon these changes is the thickening of the 
arteries and increase of connective tissue. With such increase 
the capsule, or thin membrane which envelops the kidneys, be- 
comes thickened and firmly adherent to the surface of the organs. 
The contraction of the new tissue constricts more or less the 
collecting tubes. Some may be entirely closed. Their distal or 
outer end may continue to secrete or collect from the passing 
blood stream, and, there being no escape for the fluid, the little 
tubes become dilated and thus small cysts or sacs are formed. 
These may vary in size from a millet seed to a small marble. 
The contracting fibers close around the glomeruli, or dilated ends 
of the collecting tubes: Some are pressed together in groups or 
bunches; some are converted into a solid mass of connective tissue, 
the delicate blood vessels which filled them during health having 
been wholly obliterated; others may show a thickening of the 
connective tissue capsules which enclose them. The glomeruli 
may contain clotted plasma from the fluid part of the blood, which 
now somewhat resembles starch. Some may contain pus. Some 
of the collecting tubes are destroyed. Others are surrounded or 
embedded in connective tissue overgrowth. These are irregular- 
ly dilated, the contracting fibers which surround them having 
drawn them outward. Some contain dead and dying cells — the 
secreting cells which lined them. These, having been destroyed or 



212 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

dislodged by pressure, are in all stages of degeneration. The 
whole organ becomes shrunken. The cortex or outer portion is 
nearly obliterated. 

Cause. — It may be produced by alcohol or by syphilis; it may 
follow repeated attacks of congestion; it may be caused by some 
of the infectious diseases, especially scarlet fever; it may be caused 
by irritants resulting from dyspepsia and constipation. Under 
the description of the kidneys it was stated that their blood 
supply was larger in proportion to their size than that of most 
organs, and irritants in the blood continually rasping through 
these structures will sooner or later set up a mild form of inflam- 
mation, at first unnoticed. This is why this form of disease 
comes on so insidiously. The same is true when it is produced 
by alcohol. 

Symptoms. — There are no early symptoms. Perhaps an in- 
creased amount of urine is one of the first. During the disease 
the circulation through the kidneys is interfered with, and so 
much blood is forced back toward the stomach and heart that the 
latter beats more forcibly. This causes distension of the blood 
vessels and interferes with the circulation, causing dizziness, 
headache and nosebleed; while the congestion about the stomach 
may cause dyspepsia and perhaps vomiting. An examina- 
tion of some of these troubles may reveal the real cause — 
Bright' s Disease. All of the symptoms mentioned are the result 
of congestion or over-distension of the blood vessels. Urea 
is a poisonous waste product which in health is eliminated by 
the kidneys, but during Bright' s disease, and especially toward 
the latter stages, the kidneys are unable to discharge this duty. 
The urea collecting in the system may produce uraemic poison- 
ing, resulting in epileptic attacks; hence death is usually preceded 
by convulsions and coma, due to uraemic poisoning. Dropsy 
is not present. The urine may contain a small amount of 
albumen. During the progress of the disease the arteries may 
become more or less weakened and, as a result of heavy lifting 
or sudden bending forward, the powerful heart action may 
rupture a vessel in the brain, causing apoplexy. With care 
and proper diet the patient may live for many years. 

BRIGHT' S DISEAS E.— PARENCHYMATOUS 
NEPHRITIS. — This is another form of chronic kidney disease. 
In this form of the disease the kidneys, instead of being lessened 
in size, are enlarged. The enlargement is mostly confined to the 
outer portion. Under Interstitial Nephritis it was stated that this 
part contains more connective tissue. This tissue forms a loose 
mesh work which is capable of great distension, hence the enlarge- 
ment. The enlargement is caused mostly by the exudation of 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



213 



inflammatory products which pass from the circulation through 
the walls of the vessels and into the substance of the organs. 
The kidneys may become twice their natural size. Their surface 
is smooth, and the capsule or membrane which encloses them is 
but loosely attached, thus differing from the intersticial form, 
where it is firmly adherent. The kidneys are light in color. 
The collecting tubes which penetrate them in all directions are 
irregularly dilated and are more or less filled with the specialized 
cells which lined them during health. These are the cells which 
normally collect the urine and other waste products eliminated 
by this course. The tubes also contain various other products 
of inflammation and deb? is. The change within the tubes is 
more marked than in the intersticial variety. In this disease the 
urine is scanty and high colored, hence there is dropsy from the 
beginning. As the disease advances the dropsy increases until 
the abdominal cavity may become enormously distended. 
Albumen is present throughout the disease. 

Cause. — The same as that given under Intersticial Nephritis. 

Symptoms. — Many of the symptoms are also the same, such 
as headache, dizziness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, etc. 
In the following comparative table the more important symptoms 
are arranged with a view of making them more easily remembered: 



Intersticial Nephritis. 

There is an increased amount 
of urine. 

Albumen may be present in 
small quantities, and at times 
may be absent. 

There is no dropsy. 



Nosebleed, and may be other 
hemorrhage. In the later 
stages there may be hemor- 
rhage from the brain, causing 
apoplexy. The reason is that 
the shrunken condition of the 
kidneys obstructs the circula- 
tion and causes congestion. 

The congestion may extend 
from the brain along the artery 
that supplies the eyes and cause 
the latter to look red. 

The disease occurs under forty. 



Parenchymatous Nephritis. 

The amount of urine is less- 
ened. 

Albumen is always present, 
the amount increasing as the 
disease progresses. 

Dropsy from the beginning, 
increasing as the disease pro- 
gresses. 

There is no hemorrhage be- 
cause the kidneys remain large 
and the circulation is less inter- 
fered with, hence there is no 
congestion. 



The eyes are not affected. 



Disease occurs over forty. 



214 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment. — Interstictai, Nephritis. — 

Avoid all alcoholic stimulants and highly seasoned foods. 
Food should be taken in moderate amounts, and only that which 
is most easily digested and most nourishing. Avoid all excite- 
ment and active exercise. Take life as easy as the circumstances 
will allow. It will be readily seen that the main object of 
treatment in this form of disease is to check the connective tissue 
overgrowth. Perhaps the Iodides in some form are best for this 
purpose: Iodide of Arsenic in -^ of a grain dose between meals 
and at bedtime; or if the patient is anaemic, give Iodide of Iron 
— the same dose taken at the same time. Strict attention should 
be paid to digestion and elimination. Any article of food inter- 
fering with digestion should be discontinued. There may be 
times when artificial digestants are needed. Basham's Mixture 
or Tincture of Iron may be given after meals in the same dose as 
directed under Parenchymatous Nephritis. Basham's Mixture 
should be freshly made in small quantity. Frequent baths are 
valuable in this as in other diseases. Secure good ventilation 
and proper hygienic surroundings. This disease runs a chronic 
course. At the end of two months any form of medication that 
proves valuable should be discontinued for a time — perhaps two 
weeks — and then taken up again. 

Treatments. — Parenchymatous Nephritis. — 

What to Do. — This disease creeps on stealthily, and is usually 
well seated before a doctor is consulted. It would be an excellent 
idea for any person to have the urine tested every two or three 
years, in which case, if any morbid condition is present it may be 
discovered in time to reach it by medical aid. 

A. The patient should take life easy, resting as much as 
possible. He should confine himself to a milk diet — one-half to 
one glass every four hours, taken hot and drank slowly. If other 
food is allowed, it should consist of a limited amount of fish, 
toast, apples baked or stewed, spinach, celery, lettuce, tapioca 
and macaroni. 

Avoid tea, coffee, alcohol in any form, and all other stimu- 
lants, as they increase the inflammation and lessen the power of 
the kidneys to eliminate solids, of which urea is the most import- 
ant because the most dangerous. 

It is best to hold strictly to the milk diet until the albumen 
disappears, and then add only one extra dish at a time, test the 
urine frequently, and return to the milk diet if albumen 
re-appears. 

Dropsical conditions are best controlled by keeping the 
bowels active. Cream of Tartar, Salts, Jalap, Klaterium and 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 21 5 

other active cathartics may be given. Hot baths should also be 
taken. No remedy or food should be given that causes nausea 
or interferes with digestion. 

B. An excellent remedy, and one we have used with much 
success, is the following: 

Epsom Salts 1 ounce. 

Aromatic Cascara 1 " 

Water, add to make 1 pint. 

Dose: A tablespoonful four times a day, 
more or less often as needed. The dose should 
be increased, if necessary, to keep the bowels 
active. 

C. Avoid taking cold. Wear heavy flannel or woolen next 
to the skin, winter and summer. The kidneys have but little 
reserve force and a cold might precipitate an acute attack, which 
would be only too apt to end fatally. Keep good ventilation, and 
improve the surroundings with proper hygienic measures. — (65). 

D. Any one who has Bright' s disease should have the care 
of a good physician, so as to meet symptoms as they appear. 

I use Alkalithia, one bottle. Take a teaspoonful before each 
meal in water, drink while effervescing, and take a dessertspoonful 
after each meal of Basham's Mixture. 

E. Avoid taking cold. Wear flannel next the skin, which 
should be kept clean and moist. Internal medication too serious 
for any one but a doctor to undertake. — (14). 

F. Dress in flannel all the year around. Avoid catching cold 
or sudden chilling of surface. Drink lots of water and milk. 
Avoid all alcoholics, especially sour wine. Follow doctor's direc- 
tions and the disease may be controlled for years. — (13). 

G. Hot baths, frequently repeated. Warm flannel clothing. 
Milk diet, avoiding all stimulants. Tincture of Iron in 20-drop 
doses, well diluted, after meals and at bedtime. — (7). 

CONGESTION, or ALBUMINURIA.— Albumen is an 
element of nutrition resulting from food products. The best 
example of albumen, or its purest form, may be found in the 
white of an egg. Albumen is always present in the blood, but in 
health the kidneys do not permit its passage into the urine. 
Albuminwia is a term used when there is albumen present in the 
urine, its presence indicating disease, which may be either mild 
or serious. A mild form results from taking cold or from injury. 
This form is called Congestion and usually does not last long, 
the kidneys soon returning to a normal condition. Occurring in 
a chronic form, albuminuria is known as Bright' s disease. See 
Bright's Disease. 



2 16 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Symptoms. — In mild cases the symptoms may escape notice 
altogether. In a more acute stage the symptoms are as follows: 
Pain in the back and region of the kidneys, which may be mild 
or severe in proportion to the amount of congestion; fever is 
present, the bowels are more or less constipated, and the urine is 
high-colored. Occurring with or following the infectious diseases 
of children, the above symptoms are usually absent, and when 
the child returns to health the kidneys return to a normal condi- 
tion. 

It is taught that there are exceptional cases where albumin- 
uria is a natural condition, that is, where albumen is constantly 
present in the urine without disease. The amount in such cases 
is small. 

Treatments . — 

A. For a severe case, rest in bed, with hot fomentations to 
the small of the back and across the abdomen; active cathartics; 
milk diet from 24 to 48 hours, depending upon the severity of 
the case; if the fever is high, Aconite or other such remedies. 
The patient should keep quiet a few days until the pain has 
ceased, and the fever, soreness and other troubles have disap- 
peared. 

B. Take the silk from the ears of corn when they are first 
silking out, and also peach tree leaves. Put these in an earthen 
dish and steep as you would tea. Strain and take a tablespoon- 
ful 3 to 5 times a day. If it is not the season of the year that 
you can obtain the above, the following is good: Take the meats 
of pumpkin seeds, steep same as tea, and drink freely. Also 
take the inner bark of slippery elm and the inner bark of white 
pine, cut up into short pieces, put into a bowl, cover with water 
and let it stand until it is of the thickness of mucilage. Drink 
freely of this also. Keep the patient quiet. Give an active 
cathartic, and keep the bowels moving. 

MOVABLE and FLOATING KIDNEY.— Some very 
fine theories are advanced regarding the symptoms between 
these two conditions. They are of little value because the same 
evidence is not present in all cases; in fact, in some cases there 
may be no evidence or symptoms at all. We know this to be 
true, because in trying to diagnose some of these cases we have 
witnessed the defeat of some noted surgeons. When the kidney 
wanders from its normal position and becomes fixed in some 
other part, it is called dislocation. 

Cause of Movable and Floating Kidney. — Movable kidney 
may be caused by injury, may be due to pregnancy, to tight lacing, 
or may occur during some chronic or wasting disease. In the 



DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 2 1 7 

last case the tissues surrounding the kidneys may become so 
shrunken and wasted that the kidney may be easily displaced. 
Wandering kidney is always congenital. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms of wandering kidney may be slight 
or severe. In some cases, as stated, there may be no symptoms at all. 
There is generally pain in the region of the kidney. This pain has 
a dull, dragging sensation. Sometimes, however, it is so sharp 
that it resembles Renal Colic — the pain caused by stone in the 
kidneys. In sitting or lying down the kidney may regain its 
normal position, when all of the symptoms will disappear. There 
may be indigestion and vomiting, also some disturbance of the 
heart action, as palpitation. In some cases the kidney may feel 
like a tumor in the abdominal cavity. 

We have seen cases where the only evidence was that dis- 
covered by the patient. We recall one case of this kind in par- 
ticular. The patient, a lady, being convinced that something 
was wrong and evidently knowing that the trouble might be 
caused by a misplaced kidney, tried at various times to discover 
the presence of the wandering organ. She continued the effort 
until she became so accustomed to the manner of manipulation 
that she was able to locate the kidney, which presented itself in 
the form of a small tumor in the abdominal cavity. On the 
strength of her own diagnosis she was advised to have an opera- 
tion, and consented. Both before and after she was under the 
influence of Chloroform the surgeons made every effort to locate 
the kidney, but although she was not large, weighing only about 
125 pounds, they were unable to do so. Upon operation, however 
the kidney was found some distance from its natural position, was 
brought back and stitched in place, the patient recovered, and 
to-day is well. 

Treatment. — 

A tight band with a pad is said to benefit some cases, and 
should always be recommended before advising an operation. If 
this and other means fail, and the pain is severe, an operation 
should be made. The kidney should never be removed unless 
badly diseased. In this case the other kidney should be 
examined also, because it too might be diseased, in which case 
the operation would precipitate rapid death. 

GRAVEL, or STONE, IN.— Gravel is a term frequently 
applied to small particles of solid matter found in the urine. 
These are uric acid crystals, which are found in the blood as the 
result of imperfect oxidation and are eliminated by the kidneys; 
or the uric acid may unite with certain salts held in solution in 
the blood and form what are called urates. The terms ''gravel," 



2 1 8 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

" brick dust" and "sediment" are frequently applied to these 
deposits. These conditions are the result of excessive accumu- 
lations of uric acid in the circulation. Certain food elements 
produce uric acid. During health this acid unites with oxygen 
from the air we breathe, is changed into urea and eliminated by 
the kidneys; but from overeating, indigestion, constipation, lack 
of exercise, indoor life, bad hygiene or some other cause, this 
change does not take place, hence the accumulation of uric acid, 
as stated. This accumulation calls for extra work on the part of 
the kidneys, and they do what they can to relieve the trouble, 
hence the appearance of the urates in the urine. Many believe 
this condition is an indication of kidney disease, but it is not. It 
is the kind of kidney disease that patent medicine fakirs cure. 

Sometimes this uric acid sediment in the urine assumes large 
proportions, forming a solid mass or stone. The stone gradually 
increases in size until it becomes dislodged and attempts to pass 
through the ureter. Stone may form from a lack of acid, or 
when the urine contains too much alkali. In these cases the 
stone is formed of phosphates. 

Cause. — As above described, i. e., the deposit of uric acid, or 
of phosphates and other sediment present in the urine. 

Symptoms. — When in the form of gravel, the particles are 
small and readily pass into the bladder, and there may be no 
symptoms; or the symptoms may be a slight irritation. If a 
stone forms in the pelvis of the kidney, it may become quite 
large without producing any serious symptoms; but when a stone 
becomes dislodged and attempts to enter the ureter, the symp- 
toms begin suddenly. The pain is severe, at times agonizing, 
and extends into the groin and thigh of the affected side. There 
is a frequent desire to urinate, and the urine contains more or 
less blood in proportion to the number of vessels ruptured by the 
stone. The testicle on the affected side is contracted, nausea is 
usually present, vomiting may occur, and the patient may 
collapse or become unconscious. The pain continues until the 
stone drops into the bladder, when it ceases as suddenly as it 
began. Or the stone may drop back into the pelvis of the 
kidney. 

Treatments. — 

A. In treating stone in the kidney or bladder the general 
health must be considered. It has already been stated that uric 
acid is due to imperfect oxidation, or indigestion, hence the need 
of careful attention to diet, the digestive organs and elimination. 
Drink large quantities of pure water, secure an abundance of 
fresh air, sunshine and out-of-door exercise. Bathe frequently, 
observe regular habits and avoid all forms of excess. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 219 

Ufic Acid Deposit. — If the urine is highly acid, it is evidence 
that the stone is formed of uric acid, as described, and the treat- 
ment in such cases would be alkalies in some form as these would 
tend to neutralize the acid and prevent formation. liquor of 
Potash in 5-drop doses, well diluted with water, taken before 
meals and at bedtime, may be given; or 20-grain doses of Acetate 
of Potash in solution may be given every two or three hours 
until the urine is but faintly acid, and then smaller doses — 
perhaps 10 grains — should be continued several times a day. 

Note. — All druggists keep small sheets of litmus paper — red and blue. 
Acid urine will change the blue paper to red, and alkaline urine will change 
the red paper to blue. 

Alkaline Deposit. — If the urine is alkaline (see note above), 
it may be suspected that the stone is formed of phosphates; 
in such cases the mineral acids would be of benefit because they 
would render the urine acid. Two or 3 drops of pure Muriatic 
Acid, well diluted with water, should be taken after meals; or 
Benzoic Acid in the form of Benzoate of Soda should be given in 
10-grain doses after meals and at bedtime. Enough of either 
should be given to keep the urine acid. 

If a stone has formed and attempts to pass through the 
ureter, the treatment given above would have no effect on 
the pain and would be of no benefit at that time. For such 
attacks the Glonoin, Hyoscy amine and Strychnine treatment 
under Gaij,-Stones would be applicable. If this treatment does 
not relieve the pain, Morphine should be given. If a stone 
lodges in the ureter and all other means fail, an operation will be 
called for. 

B. The best remedy that can be used for this is Gravel Weed 
(See chapter on Hkrbs for description and directions) , unless the 
disease has progressed so far that a surgeon's attention is 
required. 

C. Alkalithia. Dose: — Heaping teaspoonful in glass of 
water before meals and at bedtime. — (10). 

D. Drink only soft water, or water which has been boiled. 
-(8). 

E. Fluid Extract of Buchu in teaspoonful doses three or 
four times a day. — (7). 

F. A large enema of hot water, retained as long as possible, 
gives more relief than Morphine in case of renal calculus — stone 
in the kidney or bladder. 



220 PA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

HYDRONEPHROSIS. — Should a large stone remain in 
the kidney, it might prevent the passage of urine into the ureters. 
This would cause Hydroyiephrosis, meaning too much water in 
the kidney. Following this, abscess might result. It might 
result from any obstruction to the outflow from the bladder. 
This in turn would check the outflow from the kidney, and the 
result would be the same. 

Treatment. — 

Removal of the obstruction, if possible. 



KING'S EVIL— SCROFULA.— This is a morbid consti- 
tutional condition developing in the glands and forming small, 
hard tumors. The glands of the neck are the most usual seat of 
the disease; or it may affect the lungs, as in consumption. At 
one time it was called King' s Evil, as it was believed it could be 
cured by the touch of the king's hand. To-day we call it 
Scrofula, 

LA GRIPPE.— (See Influenza). 

LARYNGITIS.— The Larynx is that part of the throat 
extending from the base of the tongue to the trachea, or wind- 
pipe. Laryngitis is understood to mean an acute inflammation 
of the larynx. 

Cause. — The same cause that produces ordinary catarrhal 
colds, as atmospheric changes, exposure, draughts, wet feet, 
irritating vapors or dust. 

Symptoms. — A slight irritation may be the only symptom, or 
there may be rawness and soreness. The voice may become 
hoarse, and there may be fever and headache. If the case is 
severer, there will be a sharp rise in temperature, coated tongue, 
dry skin, quick, strong pulse and badly swollen throat. 

Treatments. — 

A. Give a dose of Castor Oil or other laxative, hot foot- 
bath, and wet pack about the neck — hot or cold, as desired by the 
patient. If the fever is very high, give i-drop doses of Aconite 
every thirty minutes, or every hour. Small children require less. 
XCeep a uniform temperature in the room — 75 to 80 degrees — and 
at the same time provide good ventilation. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 221 

The following mixture is recommended: 

Fluid Extract of Ipecac 10 drops. 

Tincture of Aconite 10 " 

Water 24 teaspoonfuls. 

Mix, and give 1 teaspoonf ul every fifteen or 
thirty minutes, or less often, according to age. 

or, 

Tincture of Aconite 10 drops. 

Acetate of Potash 3 drachms. 

Liquor Ammonia Acetatis 4 ounces. 

Mix, and give 1 teaspoonful to 1 tablespoon- 
ful every fifteen or thirty minutes, or less 
often, according to age. When the surface 
becomes moist, either of the above may be 
discontinued. 

The patient should diet for a day or two, guard against 
taking any more cold, and, with attention to the bowels, will 
usually recover rapidly. 

B. For a mild case, slight counter-irritation over the throat 
is useful, and on going to bed the patient should apply to the 
throat a towel wrung out of cold water. If the case is more 
severe, apply a Mustard poultice over the part, followed by a hot 
fomentation of Hops covered with a dry flannel. For adults, 
tablespoonful doses of Boneset syrup may be given. 

C. laryngitis or inflammation of the throat should be 

treated the same as inflammation elsewhere. Counter-irritants 

and hot fomentations relieve by attracting the blood away from 

the inflamed part. Aconite and other fever remedies act in the 

same way, hence they may also be used in laryngitis. A gargle 

is often of value in this disease. The following prescription may 

be relied upon: 

Salicylate of Soda 2 drachms. 

Powdered Borax y z " 

Carbolic Acid , 5 drops. 

Glycerine 1 drachm. 

Water sufficient to make 4 ounces. 

Mix, and gargle the throat every 2 hours, 
more or less often as needed. 

D. Absolute rest of organs of voice. Inhale the following: 

Compound Tincture of Benzoin 1 ounce. 

Hot Water 1 pint. 

And give a good Calomel purge — for an adult from 5 to 10 grains 

of Calomel; for a child one year old, 1 grain; the dose, if without 

results, to be repeated the following morning in connection with 

Castor Oil — from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls of the Oil for a child; from 

1 to 2 tablespoonfuls for an adult. — (45). 

Note. — In giving Castor Oil, if the spoon be first dipped in sweet milk 
the oil will not adhere to it and is more easily swallowed. 



222 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

E. Pure Bromine — Put 5 drops into a glass of cold water. 

Give one teaspoonful every half hour or even fifteen minutes 

until relieved, and it will do it. — (18). — Homeopathic. 

Note. — As this remedy can only be obtained at drug stores, and is very 
volatile and difficult to handle, we suggest that the solution be made at the 
same time the Bromine is purchased. Ask the druggist to put 5 drops of 
pure Bromine into a 12-ounce bottle and fill with water. 

LARYNX, OEDEMA OF.— The glottis is the narrow space 
between the vocal chords through which the air passes into the 
lungs. When there is swelling of the tissues immediately sur- 
rounding the glottis, it is called Oedema of the Larynx. It is a 
very dangerous disease, and usually fatal. The patient may live 
for a few days, or a week, or may live only a few hours. It is 
not a common disease. 

Cause. — It is most frequently met in those who are poorly 
nourished and in poor hygienic surroundings. It may follow 
inflammation of the throat, inflammation or disease of the 
tonsils, erysipelas of the face, diphtheria, Bright' s disease, whoop- 
ing cough, tuberculosis of the throat, syphilis, aneurism, or 
wounds of the neck. 

Symptoms. — There is a gradually increasing difficulty in 
breathing; there is swelling of the epiglottis, or thin layer of 
cartilage that guards the opening into the trachsea during the 
act of swallowing ; there may be a sensation of a foreign 
body in the throat; the voice gradually grows weaker, and is 
finally lost; there is difficulty in swallowing, and as the disease 
advances there is some cough with but little expectoration; 
breathing becomes more difficult, the eyes protrude, the face 
assumes a purplish hue and, if relief is not had at once, death 
follows, the patient dying from asphyxia — want of air. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment consists in means that will draw the blood 
from the affected parts, hence an active cathartic, such as 10 grains 
of Jalop and 10 grains of Scammony, or y^ grain of Elaterium, 
should be given. If there is a history of constipation and if the 
bowels seem bloated, give 3 drops of Croton Oil added to a little 
Glycerine. Place it on the back part of the tongue, or put it 
into a capsule and let the patient swallow it. Give -^\^ grain of 
Atropine every thirty minutes until the face is flushed. Sweating 
the patient will also aid in relieving the throat. One-third of a 
grain of Pilocarpine, given with a hypodermic needle, is valuable 
in relieving the congestion. It is also depressing and, if given, 
stimulants should also be given to support the patient. If other 
means fail, perform tracheotomy, that is, make an opening into 
the windpipe. This disease is always dangerous and requires 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



223 



the best skill and care. Fresh air is of the greatest importance. 
The disease just described differs from spasm of the glottis, or 
muscles which control the vocal chords, commonly called Croup. 
Simple spasm may result from nervous conditions — hysteria. 
Croup and simple spasm may be relieved by any remedies that 
are relaxing, such as Opium, Chloral or Ipecac. Fresh air is 
also of importance. Do not give Opium to small children, but 
Ipecac is perfectly safe. 

LEAD POISONING. — This disease is experienced by 
house painters and those engaged in the manufacture of paints. 
The lead gains entrance into the system through the lungs and 
skin. Some people seem to be proof against it and to experience 
no evil effects after many years of exposure, while others acquire 
the disease very easily. 

1 . It is wide-spread among painters and plumbers, and those 
engaged in smelting lead ores. 

2. Those engaged in white lead factories are particularly 
subject to this disease. 

3. It may be accidentally acquired from drinking water from 
lead pipes or cisterns. 

Symptoms. — The appearance of poisoning comes on gradually, 
the patient suffering from languor, impaired appetite, belching of 
wind, obstinate costiveness or dysentery and other symptoms for 
some time before the disease itself becomes manifest. One of the 
principal characteristics of the disease is a colic, which is essen- 
tially the same as the ordinary colic excepting that the pain may 
be more severe and may not entirely stop as in other forms. 

If exposure to the poisoning influence continues, serious 
nervous phenomena come on — usually a palsy which affects the 
nerves governing the muscles of the fore- arm, giving rise to the 
condition known as imist-drop, wherein the hand hangs from the 
wrist and cannot be raised voluntarily. This paralysis gradually 
extends to the nerves of other muscles, and while it continues the 
muscles affected also undergo atrophy — shrinking. This shrinking 
follows paralysis because nourishment is lacking and in conse- 
quence the tissues waste. Another valuable symptom, which, 
however, is not always present, is the existence of a blue line 
along the margin of the gums where they meet the teeth. This 
line about the gums does not usually make its appearance until 
the poisoning is in an advanced state. 

Treatments. — 

A. Take 5 grains of Iodide of Potassium, dissolved in one 
tablespoonful of hot water, three times a day — between meals 
and at bedtime. 



224 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Also take, early in the morning and at bedtime, 10 drops of 
Dilute or Aromatic Sulphuric Acid in a wine glass half full of 
water. 

Keep the bowels open with Epsom Salts in teaspoonful 
doses. Dissolve in a wine glass half full of warm water and take 
from one to three times a day as the case requires. 

Take a warm bath every day. For this add one teaspoonful 
of Sal Ammoniac to warm water, and after the bath dry thor- 
oughly with a crash towel. 

B. Live largely on milk, and take the following: 

Iodide Potassium 3 drachms. 

Water 4 ounces. 

Dose. — Teaspoonful in glass of water be- 
tween meals and at bedtime. — (10). 

C. Laxative of Epsom Salts. Also Iodide of Potash, 10 
grains in water three times daily — between meals and at bed- 
time. — (11). 

D. Painters should drink lemonade daily to which is added 
10 drops dilute Sulphuric Acid. This amount of Acid may be 
taken four times a day. Best taken after meals. When colic 
occurs, take physic of Salts. — (38). 

E. Epsom Salts in doses of 2 tablespoonfuls with 10 drops 
of Laudanum every three hours. After relief use 5 grains of 
Iodide of Potash every three hours. — (36). 

LEPROSY.— (See under Skin Diseases) . 

LEUC./EMIA — Sometimes called White Blood, or Ane- 
mia. — This is a disease in which there is an enormous increase in 
the white blood corpuscles and a diminution in the red ones. The 
spleen and other lymphatics are greatly enlarged. 

Cause. — Unknown. 

Symptoms. — There are no early symptoms. There is first 
Anczmia with enlargement of the abdomen, giving a sense of 
fullness. There are pains in the left side, due to the enlargement 
of the spleen which is situated on that side. The other glands 
throughout the body are also more or less enlarged. The patient 
grows pale and loses his appetite. There is usually diarrhea, 
also a gradual loss of strength, palpitation of the heart, difficult 
breathing and swelling of the ankles. The urine is scanty, and 
there are deep pains — pains in the bones, which are also sensitive 
to pressure. The blood becomes so light that it looks almost like 
milk. The spleen may become so large as to nearly fill the 
whole abdominal cavity. The spleen enlarges more than the 
other glands because its blood supply is proportionately larger, 
also because the blood vessels are not continued through the organ 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 225 

as through other structures, the circulation being continued 
through openings that are channeled through the spleen itself. 
This brings the irritating blood in direct contact with the spleenic 
tissue. The liver is enormously enlarged, one reason being that 
the veins of the spleen empty into the liver. Pressure from the 
spleen and liver interferes with the lung space, and thus renders 
breathing difficult. This also accounts for palpitation of the 
heart. With the loss of lung and heart power the patient is 
gradually weakened. I^oss of strength is also partially due to a 
lack of nourishment. 

Treatments. — 

A. These cases may live from one to two years. There is no 
known treatment that is of benefit. Make the patient as com- 
fortable as possible in the matter of food, bathing, hygiene, 
pleasant surroundings, etc. 

B. Put 2 drachms of Muriate Tincture of Iron into 6 ounces 
of Simple Syrup and take a teaspoonf ul three times a day after 
meals. 

Take a small handful of each of the following: — Wild Cherry 
Bark, Prickly Ash Bark, Burdock Root, Narrow-leaf Dock, 
Boil to make a decoction and take a tablespoonful four or five 
times a day. 

LEUCORRHEA. — (See under Diseases of Women). 



LIVER. 



The liver, which is of a dark reddish color, is the largest 
gland in the body. Its weight is from three to four pounds. 

Position. — It is situated high up on the right side close to the 
diaphragm. The diaphragm is a thin membrane which divides 
the abdominal from the chest cavity. The lower border of the 
liver corresponds to the lower border of the ribs in front and on 
the right side. In size the liver is about 12 inches from side to 
side and 6 or 7 inches from before backward. Its thickness 
from above downward is 3 inches in the median line, or center 
of the body, 4 inches on a vertical line corresponding to the 
right nipple, 4^ inches in the median line on the right side, 
and 4 inches behind at a point corresponding to the junc- 
tion of the ninth rib with the spinal column. The upper 
surface of the liver is round where it lies in contact with the 
diaphragm; the under surface is hollow where it lies in contact 
with the stomach and right kidney. There is a large fissure 

15 



226 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

in the under surface which divides the liver into two lobes, right 
and left. The right is much the larger. The left extends for a 
distance of two or three inches to the left of the center of the 
body. It should be remembered that the position of the liver 
changes with the position of the body. 

The liver is composed of small lobules held together by 
a connective tissue framework. The lobules are about as 
large as a millet seed. The return circulation from the lower 
extremities and lower half of the body passes through the liver. 
This circulation enters the liver through a large vein called the 
portal vein. Upon entering the liver this vein divides and sub- 
divides into many minute branches, and these branches terminate 
in and around the little lobules. The lobules are hollow, with an 
opening in the bottom of each. Through this opening the return 
circulation is continued. The cavity in the little lobules is the 
beginning of what is called the hepatic vein. As the blood passes 
out through the openings the delicate channels unite and re-unite 
until all are joined, forming the hepatic vein, which leaves the 
liver and enters the ascending vena cava, a large vein which leads 
directly to the heart. It will be seen that the portal vein termin- 
ates in the lobules and the hepatic vein commences in them. The 
artery which supplies the liver with nourishment also breaks up 
into many minute branches, and these branches terminate in and 
around the little lobules, the same as the branches of the veins. 
The lobules also contain nerve fibers and lymphatics, so that, 
strictly speaking, each lobule is an independent gland by itself. 
The bile ducts commence in minute channels between the lobules 
and also in the clefts or minute spaces between the cells of which 
the lobules are formed. They join together, forming what is 
called the hepatic ducts — two in number, one from each lobe. 
These are about \% inches in length. 

The gall bladder is a pear-shaped membranous sac, about 
4 inches in length and i inch in breadth, and holds a little 
over one ounce. It is situated on the right side under the ninth 
rib near the chest bone. It is a reservoir for the bile. The duct 
leading from it is about one inch in length and joins the hepatic 
ducts, or those leading from the liver; together they form the 
common duct, and this enters the bowel about 3^ inches below 
the stomach. The liver cells manufacture bile, and convert glu- 
cose, or grape sugar, into a substance called glycogen. This is 
stored up by the liver cells and given to the circulation as fast as 
the system needs it. The glycogen readily unites with the 
oxygen in the circulation and aids in producing heat. The 
return circulation brings the blood directly from the digestive 
organs, hence the liver aids in producing important digestive 
changes that are carried on in the circulation. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 227 

The liver is subject to the following diseases: 

Abscess, 

Amyloid Degeneration, 

Atrophy, Acute Yellow, 

Congestion, 

Cirrhosis, or Gin-Drinker s Liver, 

ABSCESS OF THE LIVER.— Cause.— Abscess of the 
liver is caused by an unhealthy condition of the digestive tract. 
The veins from this tract — stomach, spleen, bowels, etc. — unite to 
form the portal vein. This enters the liver and breaks up into 
many small vessels which penetrate all parts of the organ. As 
they pass out they unite to form the hepatic vein which enters 
the ascending vena cava (see description of liver). It will 
readily be seen that the liver is subject to the morbid effects of 
indigestion as the poisons developed in the bowels are carried 
direct to the liver. Inflammation is the result. This lessens 
the amount of bile, the absence of which interferes with digestion 
and elimination still more, in turn more poisons are poured into 
the liver, and thus the abscess grows. 

Symptoms. — Disturbance of digestion, poor appetite and fever, 
followed by vomiting and irritability, and, as the disease advances, 
by debility and perhaps melancholia. Later there are typhoid 
symptoms as a result of the unhealthy condition of the bowels. 
Jaundice, or yellow discoloration of the skin, is slight, as the 
amount of bile manufactured by the liver is lessened in proportion 
to the advancement of the abscess. The liver is enlarged and, as 
the abscess grows, the soreness in the right side increases. If 
the abscess breaks externally, as it nears the surface the tender- 
ness is increased. I^ater, swelling and fluctuation can be detected. 
Abscess of the liver may break into the chest cavity and may 
penetrate the delicate membrane which surrounds the lungs. In 
this case it would communicate with the bronchial tubes and be 
expectorated. It may break into the stomach, into the bowels 
or into the abdominal cavity. Following any of these last 
mentioned results the external evidence would be less prominent. 
The situation may be more readily understood when we remember 
that the liver is placed in contact with each of the cavities and 
organs mentioned, and, as a result of inflammatory adhesions to 
the surfaces of any of these, destruction of tissue might follow 
with some one of the results mentioned. 

Treatments. — 

A. There is one rule which has no exception, and that is, 
wherever pus is located, the abscess should be opened at once. 
This is as true with abscess of the liver as though it were located 
anywhere else. The treatment consists mainly in supporting 



22S FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

measures, hygiene, food and attention to the bowels. If the 
fever is very high, a small dose of Aconite may be given for a 
limited time, say i drop of the tincture every hour. Internally, 
give 10 grains of Salol three times a day, increasing the amount 
if the eliminations give offensive odor. If dyspepsia is trouble- 
some, give artificial digestants for a time, as: 

Pepsin (i to 3.000) 2 drachms. 

Fowler's Solution 2 " 

Muriatic Acid (pure) 20 drops. 

Glycerine 1 ounce. 

Water 2 ' 

Mix all together and take one teaspoon ful 
after meals. 

Give one teaspoonful of Bovinine in half a glass of hot milk 
with each meal. If the patient can take it, increase the amount 
of Bovinine (which is exceedingly nutritious) to one tablespoonf ul 
at each meal. Every attention should be paid to a nourishing 
diet. Also give -^ of a grain of Iodide of Arsenic between meals. 

B. 3-grain doses of Quinine every four hours. In nearly all 
cases it is necessary to maintain strength by a most nutritious 
diet. Kgg-nog may be taken at meal time, or an equal time 
between meals so as not to disturb the stomach by too frequent 
and injudicious feeding. Wine whey is nourishing, and milk 
and lime water have a most excellent effect on the stomach, 
maintaining a healthy condition. Stimulants are likely to be 
needed. If there should be severe pain at any time, a little 
Morphine may be given, say }i grain combined with the Quinine. 

AMYLOID DEGENERATION.— Amyloid degeneration 
is a term applied where the tissues of an organ present a starchy 
or albuminous appearance. Such degeneration usually affects 
the liver and kidneys, but may affect other organs. 

Cause. — Amyloid degeneration is not a primary disease in 
the organ affected, but is the result of infiltration from without; 
that is, it is an evidence of chronic disease or suppuration in 
some other part of the body. It may result from inflammation 
and suppuration of bone, from syphilis, from tuberculosis, and 
possibly from cancer. These diseases rob the blood of the normal 
amount of alkaline salts, and also lessen its amount of fibrine, 
and amyloid degeneration found in the liver or kidneys is the 
result of some of these diseases. The absence of the normal 
amount of salts or fibrine in the blood gives to these organs the 
starchy or waxy appearance which characterizes the disease. 
Degeneration of the liver usually occurs first, and degeneration of 
the kidneys secondarily. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 229 

Symptoms. — When occurring in the liver, that organ becomes 
enlarged, and later the kidneys also become enlarged. There is 
no pain, but some increase in the amount of urine; the urine con- 
tains albumen. There are disorders of digestion and, later, diarrhea 
from similar degenerative changes in the digestive tract. There is 
also a general wasting of the flesh. There is but little or no jaun- 
dice for the reason that the bile ducts of the liver remain open, 
and for the still greater reason that there is but little bile 
manufactured, the amount diminishing as the disease progresses. 
Amyloid degeneration does not obstruct the portal (return) cir- 
culation, hence there is no abdominal dropsy. When the kidneys 
are involved, abdominal dropsy may be present, because the 
kidneys, first enlarged, afterwards become shrunken, interfering 
with the circulation. As the disease progresses the liver also 
shrinks from the same cause. 

Treatments . — 

A. If there is a history of syphilis, give anti-syphilitic 
remedies. If it is the result of suppuration in bone, it calls for 
an operation. The bone should be thoroughly scraped and all 
the dead tissue removed. If the result of consumption, see the 
treatment under that head. In all cases there should be attention 
to digestion, ventilation, proper exercise, clothing, etc. If due 
to suppuration in bone or to consumption, early treatment would 
probably prove successful. If the disease is well developed, there 
is but little hope. 

B. The primary cause should be ascertained and, if possible, 
relieved. The following alterative treatment is recommended: 

Take a small handful each of Wild Cherry bark, Prickly 
Ash bark, Dandelion root and Culver's root, steep to make a 
decoction, sweeten with rock candy if desired, and drink freely. 
Wear warm clothing and apply counter-irritants, such as Mustard 
plasters, etc. , over the liver. Bathe in hot water in which has 
been put a little salt and Muriate of Ammonia and a tablespoon- 
ful of Mustard, mixed well with the water before bathing. 

ACUTE YELLOW ATROPHY — MALIGNANT 
JAUNDICE. — This is a disease of the liver resulting in rapid 
destruction of that organ. The disease runs a rapid course — the 
patient is jaundiced. Duration, a week or ten days; termination, 
death. 

Cause. — While there is no cause given for this disease, we 
believe that it is caused by the retention of poisons in the system. 
The vitality of the patient may hold out until the system is so 
thoroughly overcome that collapse and rapid death are the result; 



230 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

and we think the condition of the patient supports this "view. It 
is not the liver alone that is affected; we believe the primary- 
cause to be in the digestive tract. The return circulation 
from the digestive organs goes direct to the liver. The 
large vein which carries the venous blood divides on reaching 
the liver, and subdivides into minute branches which penetrate 
all parts of the organ, and thus the poison is brought into direct 
relation with the whole structure; hence it is not strange that it 
may be so overcome by the morbid influence of septic blood as 
to pass through the rapid degenerative changes mentioned. With 
the increase in the liver trouble, the circulation is checked. This 
increases the congestion of the stomach and bowels, hence the 
vomiting of blood which may occur in this disease. In health the 
return circulation from the spleen passes through the liver. 
During the progress of the disease the circulation is checked and 
the poisoned blood is dammed back, hence enlargement of the 
spleen occurs. 

Symptoms. — The first symptom is the catarrhal condition of 
the stomach and bowels; the tongue is badly coated, there is 
headache, vomiting and nausea, quick pulse and a little fever. 
The jaundice rapidly increases, the spleen becomes enlarged, the 
urine contains bile and albumen, and a lessened amount of urea 
is eliminated. Nausea is followed by vomiting of blood dark in 
color, showing the congestion of the stomach; the eliminations 
from the bowels show the desperate state of disease in the 
digestive tract; yet the return circulation carries the poisons from 
both stomach and bowels and empties them into the liver. This 
supports our belief that disease of the liver is secondary. The 
liver degenerates rapidly. Its structures break down and it 
becomes very small. 

Treatment. — 

Medical works contain no treatment of this disease except- 
ing symptomatic, i. e. y make the patient as comfortable as 
possible by treating the symptoms. We wish, however, to 
recommend the treatment given for Hydrophobia. If there is any- 
thing that will help in this disease, it is thorough and early 
elimination. Stimulants should be added as the case requires. 
We would also recommend the addition of T V of a grain of Calomel 
every half hour for ten doses, then every hour for ten doses; also 
the most nourishing food to be given at frequent intervals. For 
the vomiting, a large Mustard plaster should be placed over the 
stomach, and equal parts of milk and lime water given frequently 
in small quantities. Crust or corn coffee is also excellent in case 
of vomiting, and may be readily prepared. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 231 

CONGESTION OF THE LIVER— BILIOUSNESS 
— " LIVER COMPLAINT."— In this disease the vessels of 
the liver contain too much blood and the organ may be slightly 
enlarged on this account. There is a sense of fullness on the 
right side, and there may be a feeling of soreness. 

Cause. — It may be caused by the liberal use of alcohol. The 
most frequent cause is indigestion and constipation. It is also 
supposed to be influenced by taking cold. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms depend upon the amount of con- 
gestion. If slight, the symptoms are slight; if the congestion 
reaches the point of inflammation, the symptoms are severer. 
In a mild case of congestion there may be headache and a dull 
feeling, there may be fever, the patient may experience slight 
pains throughout the system, the tongue may be coated and the 
appetite interfered with; an increase of this trouble would con- 
stitute catarrhal jaundice. There is no strictly dividing line 
between the two. In severer cases, in addition to the symp- 
toms given there would be nausea, vomiting, pain in the right 
side, and the skin and white of the eye would show a yellowish 
tinge. There would also be pain in the right shoulder. The 
last symptom belongs to catarrhal jaundice, and would not be 
met with in a simple case of Biliousness, or Congestion of the Liver. 

Treatments. — 

A. Give an active cathartic. Castor Oil or Salts may be 
used, but we believe in these cases that 5 to 10 grains of Calomel 
should be given at night, followed the next morning by a table- 
spoonful of Castor Oil or Salts. Seidlitz Salts ( see Index) may 
be used instead of the Epsom or Rochelle Salts. The patient 
should diet for two or three days and, if the action of the liver is 
sluggish and there is a tendency to constipation, should continue 
the Seidlitz Salts in one or two teaspoonf ul doses every morning; or 
take one teaspoonf ul of Phosphate of Soda in half a glass of water 
one hour before meals, more or less as needed. Phosphate of 
Soda is not so pleasant to take as the Seidlitz, and it is not so 
effectual in its action in the digestive tract, but it is a better liver 
stimulant. With ordinary care these cases recover in a few days, 
and usually a doctor is not needed. 

B. Apply a Mustard plaster over the region of the liver. 
Make a syrup of Wild Cherry and Prickly Ash bark and give 
tablespoonful doses four or five times a day. If the case is per- 
sistent — if there is jaundice, digestive disturbances, pain, soreness 
and enlargement on the right side, keep the bowels active and 
give proper attention to diet. If there is fever, give 1 or 2 -drop 
doses of Tincture of Aconite or Fluid Extract of Veratrum every 



232 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

two hours. If the evidence of abscess continues, apply large hot 
poultices to hasten its formation, and open early. 

C. Bilious Tonic. — 

Oil of Wintergreen I teaspoonful. 

Oil of Peppermint 5 drops. 

Oil of Lemon 15 " 

Alcohol y 2 pint. 

Water % " 

Sulphuric Acid 30 drops. 

Mix well, and add the following: 

Red Peruvian Bark, finely 

pulverized „ 2 ounces. 

Rhubarb Root, finely pul- 
verized o 1 ounce. 

Simple Syrup, or Molasses, 

enough to make all together 1 quart. 

Those who are acted upon easily by cathartics cannot bear 
more than half this quantity of Rhubarb. Let such have it 
made accordingly. The object of its use is to keep the bowels 
just solvent, not loose like diarrhea. 

The oils and acid should be put into the Alcohol first, then 
the water, and afterwards the bark and Rhubarb. Allow to 
stand for ten days, shaking the bottle two or three times each 
day; then strain carefully through muslin, or filter through 
filtering paper, which may be obtained at any drug store, and 
add the syrup or molasses- 

Dose. — For an adult 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls four times daily, at 
meals and bedtime; for a child of twelve years, half this dose. 
If very bilious and costive, take a full cathartic dose of Rhubarb, 
or such other cathartic medicine as you are in the habit of using, 
to move the bowels freely. 

This will be found a valuable tonic in all cases requiring 

one. Especially recommended as a spring tonic. Also valuable 

in agues and remittent fevers. Repeat at intervals of a week, 

two or three times if needed. In nearly every case a permanent 

cure will be effected if the medicine is taken three or four days at 

each repetition. 

D. Sulphate of Quinine., 1 drachm. 

Syrup of Rhubarb 4 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, enough to make.... 8 " 

Dissolve the Quinine in the Elixir and add 
the Rhubarb. 

This preparation is needed only when there is constipation 
present. 

Dose. — The average dose would be a teaspoonful two or three 
times a day. Enough must be taken to cause normal evacuation 
— at least one movement of the bowels every day. It will be 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 233 

necessary for each one to gauge the dose according to his indi- 
vidual needs. 

CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER— GIN DRINKER'S 
LIVER -CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. -As stated in the 
description of the liver, the organ is formed of many little lobules 
held together by a framework of connective tissue. This disease 
consists in an overgrowth of this framework, which later shrinks 
and destroys the organ. As stated under A^cohoi,, connective 
tissue resulting from inflammation always shrinks. During the 
early stages there is congestion, and later there is a low form of 
inflammation. This, with the increased growth of the connective 
tissue, causes the liver to enlarge. The edges of the organ are 
rounded, smooth and thickened. The cells of which the organ is 
formed may also be swollen and contain more or less fat. 
With the increase in the connective tissue new blood vessels form. 
These are derived from the artery which supplies the liver. If 
a cut surface of the liver could be examined at this time, con- 
nective tissue overgrowth would be visible to the naked eye. 
The remaining lobules of which the liver is formed would so con- 
trast with the new tissue as to present a granular appearance. 
Jaundice is usually slight, as the bile capillaries, or channels 
through which the bile flows, are interfered with but little. In 
health these capillaries or channels have their origin between the 
lobules and between the cells of which the lobules are formed. 
Gradually these cells are obliterated, and thus the bile channels 
are made larger. A greater reason for the absence of jaundice is 
the destruction of the cells which manufacture bile. Such de- 
struction is the result of pressure from the new tissue growth and, 
later, its contraction. The new tissue fibers enclose within their 
meshes the little lobules of which the liver is formed, and the 
contraction of this tissue destroys them. Their more active cells 
maintain their individuality longest, but finally disappear. 

Contraction of the new tissue not only destroys the liver 
cells, but obliterates the vessels, and the digestive work which 
in health is carried on by the liver is interfered with. A 
loss of nutrition results, and gradually the whole system suffers. 
The organ decreases in size, such decrease being in proportion to 
the amount of the new tissue and its contraction. This shrinkage 
is called Atrophy. The surface is shrunken irregularly and the 
edges are nodular (lumpy), the hardening being most marked 
along the front edge because it is thinner, and more in the right 
lobe than in the left because it is larger. The shrinkage of the 
liver prevents more or less the return of the blood that passes 
through it. The return circulation comes from the stomach, 
digestive tract and spleen. The blood is forced back to these 



234 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

organs and congestion and inflammation follow. The patient 
may vomit blood (seldom). There may be chronic dyspepsia, 
diarrhea, enlarged spleen, piles or abdominal dropsy, or more than 
one of these conditions may exist at the same time. This disease 
is called Cirrhosis or Sclerosis, meaning a hardening. It is also 
called Hob- Nailed Liver, Rum Drinker 's Liver, Whiskey Liver, etc. 

Cause. — The continued and prolonged use of liquor. With 
the single exception of syphilis, it is claimed this disease can only 
be produced bv alcohol. It is frequently met in habitual drunk- 
ards. 

SymUoms. — During the early stages of inflammation, liver 
abscess may form; or death may occur in the earlier stages before 
the liver has had time to shrink. There are no early symptoms. 
The first evidence of this disease is dyspepsia and the morning 
vomiting of drunkards. I,ater there may be diarrhea, or there 
may be traces of blood in the ejections from the stomach or in 
the eliminations from the bowels. As the disease progresses 
there is abdominal dropsy, the abdomen eventually becoming 
enormously distended. 
Treatment. — 

There is no treatment that is of benefit. By increasing the 
activity of the bowels the dropsy may be overcome to some 
extent. It is necessary to exercise judgment in regard to food 
— to avoid those things that disturb the stomach, etc. Sooner or 
later it will be found necessary to tap the abdomen in order to 
draw off the amount of fluid. This process will need to be 
repeated from time to time. The disease is fatal. 

Alcoholic liquors should be entirely given up, and the use of 
tea, coffee, and highly seasoned animal foods discontinued. Fats, 
and foods containing large quantities of sugar, should be avoided. 
Juicy plants, such as lettuce, celery, cabbage, etc., should be 
substituted for starchy vegetables. A diet largely composed of 
skimmed milk is nutritious. A good remedy is equal parts of 
Mandrake root and Culver root mixed and taken in 3 -grain doses 
from one to three times a day, or sufficiently often to keep the 
bowels open. 

LOCKJAW-TETANUS.— This is a formidable disease, 
caused by involuntary, persistent, independent and painful con- 
tractions or spasms of certain muscles, usually the muscles of 
the jaw, neck and throat. However, a great number of muscles 
may be involved, including nearly the whole body. 

Cause. — A certain specific poison, which is thought most 
often to follow penetrating wounds — those made by rusty nails, 
etc. The poison is also sometimes communicated by vaccination. 
Its source is not always known. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 235 

Symptoms, — First noticed in the muscles of the neck and 
jaw; the neck becomes stiff and the jaw is moved with difficulty. 
Swallowing becomes difficult, because the muscles controlling the 
action become more or less involved. Gradually this feeling of 
stiffness increases until the muscles become rigid and the jaws are 
firmly closed. In exceptional cases the muscles of the back may 
be involved, drawing the head back, the feet are drawn in the 
same direction, the body forming an arch; or the body may be 
bent sideways or forwards. Usually this does not occur. The 
diaphragm may be more or less involved, producing what are 
called girdle pains. These and other pains produced by this 
disease are sharp and agonizing. Any slight noise, or a sudden 
draft striking the patient, may produce convulsions. This in- 
creases the pain and suffering. There is usually constipation, 
the amount of urine is diminished and there is moderate fever. 
Sleeplessness may be a troublesome feature. The mind remains 
clear. If the muscles of respiration, or those controlling the 
glottis — the small space between the vocal chords through which 
the air passes — become involved, the case is serious at once. 
When death occurs, it usually is within one week. 

Trkatmknts. — 

A. It is sometimes necessary to extract a tooth and feed ths 
patient through a tube. If there are already any teeth missing, 
the extraction will not be necessary. Strict attention must be 
paid to ventilation, avoiding all drafts. Watch the action of the 
kidneys; if they fail to excrete the normal amount of urine, other 
means of elimination must be resorted to. Increase the activity 
of the bowels; give large doses of Jalap and Scammony because 
they produce copious watery evacuations. These remedies can 
be given in solution by the same method as that of feeding. 
To relax the system, Bromide of Potash, Chloral, Morphine, 
Physostigmine, Opium, Chloroform, Apomorphine, Hyoscyamine, 
Indian Hemp, Aconite, Tartar Emetic, Curare, Anti-tetanic Serum 
and other remedies have been recommended; but to relieve the 
necessity of choosing from this formidable array, we can assure 
the reader that they are without value. The Atropine and Pilo- 
carpine treatment given for Hydrophobia will not only relieve, 
but will unquestionably cure many of these cases. 

B. Another, and we believe a better, treatment is sweating 
by artificial heat as described under Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis, 
and for the same reasons. In Lockjaw the pain is due to the great 
muscular tension. Heat relieves this condition, eases the pain 
and eliminates the poison. Heat should be applied until sweating 



236 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

is profuse, and applied often enough and continued long enough 
to give relief. To dabble with Lockjaw Serum or Antitoxine 
is a crime against the patient. 

C. If there is a wound, wash frequently with Turpentine. 
Pour Turpentine into the wound, or if it is a hole caused by a 
nail, inject the Turpentine with small syringe. This is to pre- 
vent lockjaw. — (38). 

D. Specific Gelsemium, 5 drops every hour until the whole 
system is relaxed, then gradually reduce the dose. Midway 
between every dose give full doses of Specific Passaflora. Con- 
tinue this treatment until the spasms cease. — (30). 

E. Gelsemium, fluid extract ^drachm. 

Hyoscyamus, *' " 3 " 

Lithiated Hydrangea 4 ounces. 

Mix, and give x / 2 teaspoonful every three or 
four hours. — (47) . 



LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA.— This is a chronic inflamma- 
tion of the spinal cord. The inflammation is followed by an 
overgrowth and contraction of the connective tissue framework, 
and a corresponding degeneration of the natural tissue — nerve 
cells and nerve fibers. The disease is usually divided into three 
stages, yet these stages are not altogether separate, but merge 
one into another; or some of the symptoms under one stage may 
be present earlier or later than here indicated. In the first stage 
there are sharp pains in the lower extremities, sometimes spoken 
of as lightning pains. The optic nerve is easily affected. In the 
second stage there is inco-ordination, that is, inability to control 
or harmonize the action of certain groups of voluntary muscles in 
the lower extremities. The third stage is that of paralysis. 
The disease runs a chronic course, lasting for years. There may 
be quite long periods of time when it seems to remain stationary, 
and then it progresses a step further. It may last ten or fifteen 
years. 

The first evidence of the disease is manifested in the lower 
extremities, because the disease commences in the lower part of 
the spinal cord and it is in this part that the nerves governing 
the lower extremities have their origin. As the disease pro- 
gresses the inflammatory and degenerative changes extend up 
the cord. When it reaches the cervical portion of the cord, or 
that portion situated in the neck, the arms and hands experience 
a condition similar to that first experienced in the lower extremi- 
ties, because the nerves governing them have their origin in that 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 237 

part of the cord situated in the neck. The disease ultimately 
proves fatal. 

Cause. — The cause is the same as that given under paralysis. 

Symptoms. — Before any of the symptoms present themselves 
there is evidence of dyspepsia. There is nausea, and may be 
vomiting; there are also neuralgic pains in the stomach and 
bowels. This is evidence that the digestive organs are primarily 
at fault. 

First Stage. — The first noticeable symptoms are absence of the 
knee-jerk, pains extending down the lower limbs, and unequal 
dilatation of the pupils of the eye. If the reader will place one 
limb over the opposite knee, and with the edge of the hand strike 
a light, sharp blow across or just below the knee-cap, there will 
be a slight convulsive jerk of the suspended foot. The absence 
of such jerk constitutes the sign or symptom mentioned. This is 
called Westphal's sign. The first effects of inflammation are 
those of a stimulus, hence the pain and inco-ordination. The 
patient is unable to control his movements by reason of the 
constant presence of the disease. The stimulus first manifests 
itself in the lower part of the cord and extends higher up. 
When affecting that part just below and between the shoulder 
blades, there is pain and a feeling of constriction about the chest, 
because the nerves supplying the chest muscles have their origin 
in that part of the cord. These pains are sometimes called girdle 
pains. The inequality of the pupils constitutes what is called 
the Argyll-Robertson sign. 

Second Stage. — Inco-ordination is increased. The patient 
is unable to stand with the feet together and the eyes 
closed. This is called Romberg's sign or symptom. Later, he 
loses control until in attempting to walk the feet fly in all 
directions. In the beginning of this stage there is a sensory 
disturbance, /. e. y a loss of sensation, which commences in the 
soles of the feet. First there is a sense of numbness, which 
gradually extends along the limbs. This condition, or change, 
continues to increase until paralysis is complete. 

With the loss of sensation sores are apt to occur on the 
affected surface. The joints may become swollen and the swell- 
ing be followed with degenerative changes. If the patient lies in 
bed, bed sores are troublesome. These sores and swellings are 
not painful, but they cannot be cured; on the contrary, they 
continue to grow in size and new ones form. 

Third Stage. — Paralysis, more or less complete. 



238 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

The following signs are unmistakable evidence of Locomotor 
Ataxia: 

WestphaV s sign, or loss of knee-jerk. 

Argyll- Robertson sign, or loss of pupil reflex. 

Romberg's sign, or inability to stand with the feet together 
and eyes closed. 

Treatments. — 

A. There is no specific treatment for this disease. Resting 
several hours a day is undoubtedly of advantage. The Iodides 
may be given in some form — 1 teaspoonf ul of the Syrup of 
Hydriodic Acid three times a day, between meals and at bed- 
time. Tonics may be given, if needed. The greatest care should 
be exercised regarding diet and hygiene. If caused by alcohol, 
its use should be discontinued; if the result of syphilis, see 
treatment under that head; if there is a history of constipation 
or rheumatism, it will be evidence that the disease is the result of 
indigestion and a lack of elimination, as described under Paralysis. 

B. One of the chief objects is to protect the patient from 
cold and damp. Keep him in a uniform temperature. A good 
and wholesome diet is necessary, and the persistent use of Cod 
I^iver Oil is beneficial. Massage is also beneficial. Rest is 
useful. The patient should lie down tor two or three hours each 
day.— (72). 

C. Calabar Bean b> grains. 

Ginger, powdered , 20 " 

Make into 20 pills and take 1 three times a 
day. Exalgine is recommended for relief of 
the lightning pains. — (28). 

D. If due to syphilis, constitutional treatment for syphilis; 
if due to excessive drink or other dissipation, the proper care in 
such cases. 

Consult the best regular and reputable physician within 
your means and take his advice as to treatment. — (69). 

E. External Treatment. — Strong rubbing of the whole spine 
with strong sedative ointment three times a day. 

Note. — See Ointments Nos 5 and 6, under Miscellaneous Medical 
Receipts. 

Internal Treatment. — Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites — 
teaspoonf ul after meals and at bedtime — four doses a day. — (24). 

F. The following prescription has been used by the writer 

in over one hundred cases of Locomotor Ataxia. As a curative, 

nothing is better. 

Iodide of Potash 5 drachms. 

Corrosive Sublimate 1 grain. 

Water 4 ounces. 

Dose. — Take one teaspoonful after meals. — (57). 




No, 3. 

i, Artery of Neck. 2, Large Muscles of Neck. 3, Large Nerve. 
4, Upper End of Breast Bone. 5, Large Artery coming from Heart. 
6, Heart (with sac partly removed). 7, Left Lung. 8, Right Lung. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 239 

LUMBAGO. — (See under Rheumatism). 

LUMP JAW — ACTINOMYCOCIS. — This disease is 
said to be caused by a parasite. It occurs in cattle, usually in 
the jaw, forming a large lump; hence the name, Lumpjaw. The 
disease also sometimes occurs in man. 

Symptoms. — When occurring in man and on the surface of the 
body, it may resemble tuberculosis of the skin. If in the lungs, 
there is fever, cough, and wasting of flesh. 

Treatments. — 

A. Some advise a 50 per cent solution of Carbolic Acid to 
be injected around the growth, when it can be reached, and 
repeated in three or four days. Give large doses of Iodide of 
Potash internally. The best treatment is complete removal of 
the growth by a surgeon. If the disease occurs in the internal 
organs, as the lungs or digestive tract, there is no known treat- 
ment that will cure. 

B. Bathe affected part with Tincture of Iodine. Keep 
bowels open with Salts and Cream of Tartar. 

Syrup Stillingia Compound 4 oun ces . 

Iodide of Potassium 1 drachm. 

Take a teaspoonful three times a day. 



THE LUNGS AND THEIR DISEASES. 



The two lungs, which are the organs of respiration, are placed 
in the chest cavity. They are somewhat narrow above, but broader 
below. The right lung is a little larger than the left because the 
heart is mostly in the left side, thus occupying a larger portion of 
that space. The average weight of the left lung is 20 ounces, and 
of the right, 22 ounces. 

Position. — The lungs extend quite high up into the side of the 
neck, the highest point being from 1 to \% inches above the 
collar bone; below they extend to the sixth rib in the front, 
eighth rib in the side and tenth rib behind. When taking 
a full breath they expand and extend downward about two inches 
farther. 

The Air Tubes. — These begin in the throat. There is one 
large tube, the trachea. Its commencement may be indicated by 
that prominence in the throat often spoken of as "Adam'5 
Apple." This tube, the trachea, extends downward for a dis- 
tance of nine inches, then divides into two branches. These re- 



240 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

divide, becoming smaller until their minute subdivisions penetrate 
all parts of the lung substance. 

The Air Cells, — At the termination of each tube there are 
two or three small dilatations, like little hollow beads, or like 
three currants on the end of a small twig if the currants and twig 
were hollow. These dilatations are the air cells. Both tubes 
and cells are lined with mucous membrane, which is continuous 
from the mouth and throat. The air cells vary in size, the aver- 
age size being t ^-q to T % T of an inch in diameter. It is estimated 
that there are six hundred millions of these air cells in the lungs, 
and that their combined surface is more than seven times greater 
than the whole outer surface of the body. The air cells and air 
tubes are held together by elastic connective tissue, hence the 
power of the lungs to expand and contract. 

Purification of the Blood. — The lungs are supplied by two sets 
of vessels: One set nourishes the organs, and the other set 
envelops or surrounds the air cells for the purpose of absorbing 
the oxygen from the air we breathe. This set is placed just 
beneath the delicate mucous membrane which lines the cells. 
Animal membrane has the power of admitting gases (oxygen) 
and yet remain impervious to fluid (blood). The system of ves- 
sels which supplies the lungs with nourishment and the system 
through which oxygen is absorbed, are entirely separate. The 
system which supplies nourishment has its origin in the lower 
left side of the heart, while that carrying the blood for oxidization 
comes from the right side of the heart. The blood sent for 
nourishment is bright red, and that sent for oxidization is dark, 
venous, and contains many impurities. Carbonic acid gas gener- 
ated in the system is eliminated through the air tubes of the 
lungs, also many other poisons. It is estimated that from one to 
one and one-half pints of fluid (water) is eliminated by the lungs 
every twenty-four hours. This liquid vapor contains many 
deadly poisons, the nature of which is not well understood. The 
system of vessels through which the blood is purified, and which 
lies just beneath the delicate mucous membrane which lines the 
air cells, gives off carbonic acid gas and other poisons. These 
poisons escape through this membrane, and in return oxygen is 
absorbed through it, and by reason of this exchange the dark, 
venous blood is freed from its impurities and rendered bright red. 
It then passes on to the left side of the heart and is sent out 
through the general circulation to nourish the body. 

Following digestion, the food elements which are absorbed 
into the circulation are carried by the veins to the right side of 
the heart, and from there are sent with the venous blood into the 
lungs. Meeting the oxygen which has been absorbed, these food 
elements undergo many important changes, hence the statement 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 241 

tinder Epilepsy ("C") that the higher forms of digestion are 
carried on in the circulation. 

BRONCHITIS. — The bronchial tube commences at the 
throat as a single opening. The first part of this opening is called 
the larynx or organ of voice. It includes the vocal chords and is 
supported in front by what is called " Adam's Apple." This 
part of the opening is about 4 inches in length. The next part 
of the opening is called the trachea, meaning the windpipe. 
This is about 4^ inches in length and nearly 1 inch in diameter. 
This divides into two branches. The one on the right side is 
about 1 inch long, and the one on the left side about 1 % inches 
long. These enter the lungs and divide and subdivide until they 
permeate all parts of the lung structure and terminate in small 
dilatations called air cells. The tubes, large and small, also the 
air cells, are lined with mucous membrane which is continuous 
with that lining the mouth and throat. The trachea and air 
tubes are formed of three membranes or coats: The external 
coat or covering is a layer of elastic fibrous tissue; next is the 
muscular coat, and internally is the mucous membrane. The 
trachea and its larger branches are also supported by rings formed 
of cartilage. These rings surround the muscular coat and are 
enveloped by the external elastic or fibrous coat. The rings are 
not complete on the posterior or back side, but are connected by 
the fibrous tissue. 

Bronchitis means inflammation of the mucous membrane 
lining the air tubes, but does not include the smaller tubes or 
air cells. Usually the inflammation affects only the large and 
medium sized tubes. Acute Bronchitis is a disease of quite 
common occurrence. Chronic Bronchitis may follow the acute, 
or may result from other causes. 

Cause. — The cause of Acute Bronchitis is atmospheric 
changes, the same as those which produce other forms of catarrhal 
colds. Just what those changes are or how they affect the system, 
no one knows. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms of Acute Bronchitis are those 
of a common cold, which it accompanies. The catarrhal con- 
ditions of the nasal cavities and the throat extend downward into 
the air tubes. The voice is altered, and in a day or two expecto- 
ration is increased. Headache is often present, there is a feeling 
of oppression and tightness in the chest, and cough commences as 
soon as the disease enters the bronchial tubes. At first the cough 
is dry, and sometimes fierce and ringing. L,ater, with the increase 
in the secretions, the cough becomes looser and expectoration 
more profuse. As the disease continues, the secretions become 

16 



242 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

thicker, more tenacious and yellowish in color. The cough pro- 
duces pain beneath the chest bone. It also produces a feeling of 
soreness and rawness in the same place as the effect of inflam- 
mation in the trachea. There is usually some fever, and the 
pulse is more rapid than normal. Respiration is increased, 
because the thickening of the mucous membrane, together with 
the catarrhal secretions which soon follow, lessen the air space, 
and Nature tries to supply the needs of the system by more rapid 
breathing. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do. — An acute attack of bronchitis should be 
avoided, if possible, by care and proper treatment during the 
early stages; that is, if one is subject to bronchitis he should 
give immediate attention to a simple ' ' cold in the head ' ' and try- 
to prevent it from extending to the bronchial passages. How- 
ever, if an acute attack occurs, he should be given a hot 
Mustard foot-bath and placed in a room where the air is kept 
moistened with hot vapor, as steam from a kettle of boiling 
water. Bathe the throat and chest freely with Camphorated Oil 
(oil, or even melted lard, in which Camphor Gum has been dis- 
solved) and protect with flannels. A syrup made of Horehound, 
or of Horehound and L,icorice combined, is an excellent remedy to 
give. The bowels should be regulated, and for a few days the 
patient should remain in a well ventilated room with a uniform 
temperature of 70 degrees. 

A. Fluid Extract Digitalis 12 drops. 

Fluid Extract Ipecac 24 " 

Tincture Aconite 12 " 

Simple Elixir add to make 2 ounces. 

Mix, and take a teaspoonful every one or 
two hours as needed. 

B. Citrate of Potash 6 drachms. 

Liquor Ammonia Acetatis 5 ounces. 

Sweet Spirits Nitre 1 ounce. 

Fluid Extract Ipecac 1 drachm. 

Syrup Wild Cherry, add to 8 ounces. 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful in water every 
three hours. — (46). 

C. Get an ounce of Syrup of Ipecac and take 5 to 6 drops 
every one to three hours to loosen cough. 
An adult may take the following : 

Paregoric 1 ounce. 

Syrup Ipecac % ounce. 

Syrup 3 ounces. 

Take a teaspoonful every two to three hours. 
-(13). 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 243 

D. Syrup of Ipecac }4 ounce. 

Tincture of Bloodroot 1 drachm. 

Syrup of Tolu, enough to make 4 ounces 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful every three 
hours. — (12). 

E. Paregoric and Whiskey, one part of the former to two of 
the latter, well mixed. Dose, 1 teaspoonful every three hours. — 

(7)- 

F. Camphor and Ginger jacket, applied to chest. — (6). 

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS.— In Chronic Bronchitis there 
are structural changes in all the coats of the air passages. These 
changes commence in the mucous membrane, and later include 
the muscular and the external layers. Any inflammation 
becomes chronic when it continues until there is an overgrowth 
of connective tissue. 

Cause. — Chronic bronchitis may be caused by the prolonged 
use of alcohol, or by irritating dust, as met with in factories, 
shops, stone quarries and iron works. It may also be caused by 
the inhalation of irritating vapors in those who are constantly 
exposed to them. It may result from Bright' s disease where the 
blood is forced back into the lungs and heart, because this would 
produce congestion and later result in inflammation. It may 
result from the same conditions that produce rheumatism, that 
is, where the blood contains uric acid and other irritants. The 
constant presence of such irritating matter would produce conges- 
tion and, later, inflammation. 

Changes Occur? ing in the Bronchial Tubes in Chronic Bronchitis. 
— In the chronic form the mucous membrane becomes greatly 
thickened and swollen. The inflammation reaches the deeper 
structures, that is, the tissues which unite the mucous membrane 
to the muscular coat, and there is an overgrowth of tissue. The 
muscular coat and external fibrous coat also become infiltrated 
with this overgrowth. This new tissue is a form of connective 
tissue which later contracts and hardens. The rings mentioned, 
which normally are composed of cartilage, may become infiltrated 
with lime salts, and thus become firm and resistant like bone. 
The tubes lose their elasticity and are more or less widely dilated. 
The dilatation may be uniform, or some parts may be more widely 
dilated than others, thus giving them a saculated appearance. 
Expectoration is profuse, especially in the morning, the secretions 
having collected during the night. When the secretions are 
profuse it is sometimes called Bronchorrhea. With the unequal 
dilatation in the tubes the secretions are difficult to dislodge, 
hence degenerative processes may take place, giving the breath 
and expectorated matter a foul odor. This is sometimas called 



244 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Fetid Bronchitis. In some cases the secretions and expectoration 
are diminished. This is called Dry Bronchitis. 

Treatments. — 

A. Acetic Tincture of Bloodroot % ounce. 

Tincture of Black Cohosh y 2 

Syrup of Tolu %. 

Wine of Ipecacuanha ^ " 

Sweet Spirits of Nitre i " 

Mix, and take a teaspoonful in a little water 
from three to five times daily, according to the 
amount of irritation present. 

B. Fetid Bronchitis. — 

Fluid Extract Grindelia Robusta... i ounce. 

Oil Eucalyptus I drachm. 

Syrup Senega i ounce. 

Glycerine i " 

Wine of Tar, add to 4 " 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful four times a 
day. 

If the expectoration is fetid, take 10 drops of Turpentine in 
capsule with each dose. 

C. Dry Bronchitis. — In the dry form the secretions may be 

increased by the following: 

Apomorphine ^ grain. 

Syrup Ipecac y 2 ounce. 

Tincture White Pine 4 " 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful four times a 
day. If the dose causes nausea, take less; if 
not, and needed, take more. 

In any case of chronic bronchitis take -^ grain of Strychnine 
three times a day at meal time. Also take a teaspoonful of 
Syrup of Hydriodic Acid between meals and at bedtime — three 
doses a day. 

CAPILLARY BRONCHITIS.— Capillary bronchitis is a 
catarrhal inflammation of the small air passages or tubes of the 
lungs, and follows bronchitis — a catarrhal inflammation of the 
upper or larger air tubes of the lungs. The disease usually com- 
mences above and extends downward, and on reaching the 
smaller tubes it is called capillary, because the little tubes are 
small and hair-like (from capillus, hair). The only difference 
between bronchitis and capillary bronchitis is the part of the 
tube affected. 

Capillary bronchitis is usually found in children and infants. 
Old people also occasionally suffer from this disease. The catar- 
rhal inflammation extends from above downward, following the 
various branches of the air passages or tubes, hence all of both 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 245 

lungs may be affected. When the disease reaches the small tubes 
(capillary bronchitis) it is much more dangerous, as the catarrhal 
discharge may fill the little tubes and completely shut out the air 
from the air cells, while in the larger tubes the air can pass in 
and out freely. 

Cause. — Dust and other irritating substances enter the bron- 
chial tubes and cause irritation, hence the disease is sometimes 
met during the summer months. Colds and exposure and sudden 
changes in temperature from warm to cold, are more frequent 
causes. Weak children are particularly liable. Typhoid fever 
and measles always produce a catarrhal condition of the lungs, 
yet the catarrh produced by these diseases seldom results in capil- 
lary bronchitis except in very delicate children. In scarlet fever 
the rash, and in small-pox the pustules, appear in the mucous 
membrane lining the air tubes. 

Dyspepsia, constipation, or any morbid condition of the 
digestive tract may aid in producing capillary bronchitis. Such 
conditions produce a large amount of waste in the system, and as 
nearly all the blood passes through the lungs once every minute, 
these organs are irritated, more especially since many of the 
poisons are eliminated by the air passages or tubes. This irri- 
tates the delicate mucous membrane which lines them, and a 
catarrhal inflammation is the result. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms of capillary bronchitis are not 
always distinct, because the disease comes on gradually. A catar- 
rhal condition has previously existed in the larger tubes. There 
is a gradual rise in temperature, the previous condition becomes 
worse, fever slowly rises to 102-3 with difficult breathing, and the 
respirations become rapid and shallow as the small tubes and air 
cells become filled. In a nursing baby there is frequent letting 
go of the nipple and the child worries. 

The circulation through the lungs becomes more impeded. 
In health, with each heart beat a quantity of blood is sent from 
the right side of the heart through the lungs, where each air cell 
is surrounded with a minute network of blood vessels; but when 
there is inflammation of the vessels, and an exudation (discharge) 
through their walls, or coats, it causes interference in the circula- 
tion, and in proportion to such interference the blood is dammed 
back into the right side of the heart. In health the veins also 
empty into this side of the heart, but now they can do so but 
partially, hence there is congestion of the venous system through- 
out the body. This is why the nails, lips and face may become 
blue, the surface cold and the mind dull. If this condition is 
continued, stupor or convulsions may soon occur and the attack 
end fatally, caused by the failure of the blood to pass through the 
lungs and exchange the carbonic acid gas and other poisons for 
oxygen. 



246 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

The ear can detect catarrhal sounds scattered throughout the 
lungs. There are also sounds, high or low pitched, caused by 
the air rushing through the tubes where the opening is partially 
closed by the swollen mucous membrane. Palpation, that is, 
placing the palms of the hands over the lungs and on the bare 
chest, will often locate large accumulations of mucus in the 
larger tubes. Rales (rattling) in the medium sized tubes, and 
crepitant (crackling) sounds in the small tubes or capillaries, 
may be plainly heard by placing the ear against the chest. 
These sounds are caused by the air being forced through the 
mucus-like secretions, and the vibration is carried to the hand 
or ear. 

Treatments. — 

A. Put the child to bed, arrange for good ventilation, and 
maintain a uniform temperature of 75 to 80 degrees. Keep the 
bowels active. The air in the room should be kept moist. If 
the case is serious, do not let the child lie too long in one position, 
as the catarrhal accumulations in the air cells and small tubes 
may obstruct respiration to the extent of producing death. Make 
a cotton batting jacket large enough to cover the entire body, 
from the lower border of the ribs to the throat, place it upon the 
patient and let it remain. 

The following medical treatment is valuable: 

Fluid Extract Digitalis 12 drops. 

Fluid Extract Ipecac 24 " 

Acetate Potash 3 drachms. 

Syrup Wild Cherry 1 ounce. 

Water, add to make 4 " 

Mix, and give yi teaspoonful every two hours, 
or, 

Acetate of Potash 1 drachm. 

Spirits of Nitre % 

Fluid Extract Ipecac % " 

I/iquor Ammonia Acetate add to... 4 ounces. 

Mix, and give one teaspoonful every hour. 

If there is much rattling in the lungs, showing an excess of 
catarrhal secretions, and breathing is seriously interfered with on 
that account, it is considered good practice to give an emetic and 
vomit the child, as active vomiting relieves the lungs more or less 
by forcing out the catarrhal products. During the act of vomit- 
ing the child's head should be held low as this aids materially in 
giving relief. 

B. The foregoing is the form of treatment usually followed in 
Capillary Bronchitis, but we wish to give our experience along 
another line — a treatment which in the hands of those who have 
followed it for many years is recommended to meet every require- 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 247 

ment. Those who adopt this method may do so with every 
confidence of success. We have seen cases that were otherwise 
hopeless treated by this method, the child making a rapid and 
complete recovery. It is a Home Treatment, as follows : 

Take a piece of cloth and make a loose waist for the child; 
make it large so that it will cover from the lower border of 
the ribs to the throat and allow a lap of 4 or 5 inches in front. 
Take a quantity of onions and chop them fine, add 3 or 4 table- 
spoonfuls of fresh lard, put in an iron kettle, stir to prevent 
burning, and heat thoroughly. In the bottom of the crib place a 
large soapstone, quite hot, and over this place several layers of 
quilts. Lay the waist in the crib, or on the table, and cover 
with the hot onions to a depth of % of an inch. Remove all the 
clothing from the child, place the poultice in the crib, lay the 
child on it, wrap it firmly about the body, and cover with one or 
more pieces of quilts; also place some hot flat-irons along the 
sides of the crib. By means of the soapstone and other artificial 
heat, the poultices wil 1 not need changing oftener than once 
in four hours. How does this benefit the child ? The same as 
explained under Cere bro- Spinal Meningitis — by equalizing the cir- 
culation bringing the blood to the surface, causing profuse sweat- 
ing, and in this way relieving the lungs. This treatment may 
seem a little harsh, but it is not, and of the many cases we have 
seen treated in this way, we have never yet known or experienced 
the slightest difficulty in keeping the child perfectly quiet and 
contented. As with any other line of treatment, the bowels 
should be kept regular, the child should receive a nourishing diet, 
given in moderate amounts at reasonably short intervals, and 
temperature and ventilation maintained as before mentioned. 

The above treatment was first suggested by Mrs. Ellen 
Cronkrite, of Wacousta, Michigan, a nurse whose life has been 
spent in caring for the sick and who possesses unusual intelligence 
in all matters pertaining to home treatment. The suggestion 
seemed to contain so much merit that, under the instructions of 
Mrs. Cronkrite, its application was immediately secured in a case 
that seemed hopeless. Such flattering results followed that we 
feel justified in recommending it in all cases of Capillary Bron- 
chitis, and assure those who administer the treatment that they 
can do so with every confidence. 

CIRRHOSIS OF THE LUNGS.— ( See under Tuber- 
culosis) . 

CONGESTION, Hyperemia, Oedema of 'the Lztngs and other 
terms are used to denote an abnormal fullness of the vessels in 
those organs. We do not deem it necessary or advisable to treat 
these conditions separately, as it would be confusing and often 



248 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

misleading. Engorgement of the vessels in the lungs may follow 
the use of alcohol. Too much blood is present when the return 
circulation is checked, as in liver disease, because much of the 
return circulation passes through the liver. This interferes with 
the outflow and the blood is dammed back into the lungs. Over- 
fullness is present in Bright' s disease for the same reason — 
interference with the outflow. Over fullness or congestion is also 
present as described under Heart Disease. 

HEMORRHAGE OF THE LUNGS.— (See uuder Hem- 
orrhage) . 

PNEUMONIA. — Pneumonia is an inflammation of a part 
of one or both lungs. It is seldom that both lungs are involved. 
The right lung is divided into three lobes and the left into two. 
An acute localized inflammation of one or more entire lobes is 
called lobar pneumonia. The diseased area may include a part, 
a whole lobe, or more than one lobe. 

Lobular Pneumonia. — Sometimes the little air cells and small 
bronchial tubes are affected with a catarrhal condition accom- 
panied by a low form of inflammation. This is called lobular 
pneumonia. It is also called capillary bronchitis, and is described 
under that head. This is usually a disease of the old or the very 
young. 

Bronchitis is a catarrhal inflammation of the large or bron- 
chial tubes, the smaller tubes and air cells not being affected. 
Inflammation of the smaller bronchial tubes is always present 
more or less in lobar pneumonia. 

Croupous Pneumonia is attended with the formation of a mem- 
brane in the bronchial tube. 

Pleuro- Pneumonia is so called because the pleura, a thin 
membrane which surrounds the lungs, is included in the inflam- 
matory process. Probably this always occurs to some extent. 

Typhoid Pneumonia is a term employed when the disease is 
accompanied with typhoid symptoms. 

Bilious Pneumonia is so called because the disease is compli- 
cated with congestion of the liver. 

Bro7icho-P?ieumonia affects both tubes and lungs, and is 
caused by the inhalation of dust and other irritating substances. 
It is usually found in stone cutters, millers, and those who work 
in planing mills and factories where dust is plentiful. This is a 
chronic form, and by extension downward the small tubes and 
air cells are affected. At first the vessels supplying the mucous 
membrane of the air passages become congested and contain too 
much blood. This narrows the opening through the smaller 
tubes, and also narrows the diameter of the air cells. The 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 249 

increased blood supply results in an increase of the connective 
tissue framework in the lungs. As this new tissue growth 
matures, it contracts as elsewhere. With the contraction of the 
newly formed tissue many small tubes and air cells and many 
blood vessels are obliterated. As the disease progresses the 
lungs become hardened and shrunken, and the powers of respira- 
tion are much diminished. 

Summer Bronchitis is synonymous with hay fever. 

Lobar Pneumonia. — This is the form usually spoken of as 
pneumonia. In this form the affected portion of the lung 
becomes solid and firm, no air passing through it. Double 
pneumonia is usually fatal. The air cells are merely the dilated 
extremities of the air tubes. From three to five of these dila- 
tations are usually found on the end of each tube. Both tubes 
and cells are lined with mucous membrane. Pneumonia is an 
inflammation of the air cells, and cannot exist without producing 
bronchitis, i. e., inflammation of some of the smaller tubes; 
though bronchitis can and usually does exist without pneumonia, 
the inflammatory process stopping before it reaches the smaller 
tubes and cells. 

Cause. — The irritation produced by any of the conditions 
which cause chronic bronchitis may assume an acute form and 
produce pneumonia. Pneumonia is always the result of an 
unhealthy system. The blood contains an excess of irritants, 
and now there is only needed an exciting cause, such as wet feet 
or a cold, to precipitate acute inflammation of the lungs. Ordi- 
narily the wet feet or cold are easily recovered from, but with 
the vital forces reduced, acute inflammation may follow. Another 
important reason or cause for pneumonia is found in the double 
circulation with which the lungs are supplied, and the further 
fact that nearly all the blood in the body passes through these 
organs once every minute. See description of lungs, also Con- 
sumption. In the strong and robust any effects of an unhealthy 
system may be held in abeyance for a time and, later, improvement 
may relieve the danger; but should some exciting cause present 
itself before the improvement takes place, pneumonia may follow. 
That is why the disease may affect what was supposed to be a 
healthy man . All understand that the irritating effects of unhealthy 
blood may and do cause inflammatory rheumatism, inflammation 
of the pleura, or pleurisy, and may cause inflammation of the 
peritoneum, or peritonitis, meningitis, etc. Unhealthy blood may 
also cause inflammation of the lungs, or pneumonia. These and 
many other diseases are but different manifestations of the same 
cause. These conditions are governed or controlled according to 
our different powers to resist. Some organs or structures are 



250 FA V0R1TE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

stronger in one individual and others in another, hence the 
different diseases named, above — inflammatory rheumatism, 
pleurisy, peritonitis, meningitis, pneumonia, etc. 

It should be remembered that inflammation is always caused 
by or is the result of irritation, and what is better calculated to 
produce irritation than indigestion, constipation, and the absorp- 
tion of many poisons plus those originating in the circulation as 
a result of imperfect oxidization ? They not only produce 
irritation, but their increase means a proportionate loss of nutri- 
tion, strength and vitality, which may be followed by chronic 
disease; or the causes enumerated may precipitate an acute 
attack, as stated above. 

Pneumonia occurs most often in the lower right lobe, because 
the catarrhal exudate which precedes the disease is more difficult 
to dislodge from the lower lobes — it must be raised from a 
greater depth. The right lung does not extend quite so low as 
the left on account of the liver, and for the same reason the 
lower border is a little broader, hence more of the catarrhal 
exudate can accumulate at this point. The second most fre- 
quent seat of pneumonia is the lower left lobe, for the reasons 
just given. The third most frequent location is the upper lobe. 
There is better drainage from the upper lobe, yet the air cells 
are less developed, less air passes through them, and less oxygen 
is absorbed by them, and without this vitalizing element they 
are more liable to disease and to degeneration. 

The diseased area may correspond exactly to a single 
lobe, or may not. 

Symptoms. — The disease usually begins with a chill, followed 
by fever and pain, which is increased by the cough which develops. 
The pain is also increased by pressure from the inflammation and 
swelling. The temperature rises rapidly. At first the pulse 
is full and strong, but may show early signs of embarrassed 
heart action. Respiration is shallow and rapid, and may increase 
to forty, fifty, or more per minute, according to the amount of 
lung structure involved. By rapid breathing Nature tries to com- 
pensate for the temporary loss of function in the diseased lung. 
The rapid breathing causes interrupted speech. The cough is 
harsh at first, and soon a frothy mucus appears. This later 
changes to a thick, tenacious form, due to the many new 
cells in the air passages which the increased blood supply has 
furnished. The increased blood supply also increases the secre- 
tions. 

On the second or third day "rusty" sputum appears, the 
color being due to the rupture of small blood vessels around the 
air cells. The secretions continue and become yellowish, due to 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 251 

degenerative changes. There may be headache. Sleeplessness 
may be difficult to control. There may be delirium. If this 
occurs early, it is not important; if it occurs late, the condition is 
graver. Delirium is more frequent when the disease occurs in 
drunkards. The face is flushed and there may be nosebleed. 
Gastric disturbance may be more or less marked. The kidneys 
are less active. Prostration is marked from the first. There is 
more or less pleurisy, or inflammation of the delicate membrane 
which encloses the lung. This would be absent at first if the 
disease were located in the center of the lung, and would remain 
absent if the disease should not reach the surface of the organ. 
When occurring in drunkards, the disease may resemble delirium 
tremens. Pain, cough and expectoration may then be slight. 

With children, convulsions may take the place of the chill. 
The spinal nerves are always liable to spasmodic action unless 
controlled by reason and judgment, which exist in the brain. 
The child's brain may not have developed a controlling influence, 
hence the convulsions. 

The disease terminates by crisis, i. e., suddenly and, usually, 
favorably, from the fifth to the tenth day. Within twenty-four 
hours convalescence is established, and recovery follows rapidly 
in most cases. 

In the congestion which marks the first stage of pneumonia, 
the lung becomes gorged with blood, which later coagulates and 
renders the affected portion solid and firm. During the last 
stage, or from the fifth to the tenth day, the coagulation liquefies 
and is generally discharged by expectoration, which is increased 
at this time. Circulation is re-established, and the air cells are 
rapidly freed and return to their normal condition. This is called 
resolution. In this case the lung structure proper remains undis- 
turbed. Some inflammatory thickening is liable to remain. 

When absorption is not complete, one or more abscesses may 
form. If a number are present, the intervening lung substance 
may break down and form one large abscess, which may break 
into the pleural, or chest cavity, into the abdominal cavity, into 
the digestive tract, or may point externally. If in the lower right 
lobe, it may extend to the liver. If not too large, it may be 
absorbed Abscess formation is described under Appendicitis. 
Abscesses usually break into the bronchial tubes and the pus is 
expectorated. Abscesses are rare and indicate a bad condition of 
the system before the attack. The lower lobes are most liable to 
abscess, for the same reason that they are most liable to the 
disease. 

Gangrene is also rare and indicates an unhealthy system 
from the first. The unhealthy condition of the blood renders the 
inflammation, swelling and pressure so intense as to entirely shut 



252 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

off circulation, and the tissues die. A small amount of dead 
tissue may be cast off through the bronchial tubes. There is also 
intense inflammation in gangrene, as this is Nature's means of 
checking its spread. It marks the battle line between the living 
and the dead, and if the gangrenous tissue is eliminated through 
the air tubes, the intense inflammation may cause new tissue 
growth sufficient to cause pressure and interfere with the circula- 
tion a second time, and thus aid in its own destruction. Degen- 
eration of such tissue might result in abscess. 

In chronic pneumonia resolution is not complete, the air cells 
do not clear up, and there remains a low form of inflammation 
which is continuous and causes a thickening by new cell growth. 

If death results, it usually occurs in the second stage, and is 
caused by heart failure resulting from the poison in the system. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Send for the doctor. In 
the meantime put the feet into water as hot as can be borne, 
afterwards rub and dry them thoroughly with a crash towel, put 
the patient to bed, cover warmly and keep perfectly quiet. Give 
hot herb drinks and apply hot applications to the chest — cloths 
wrung out of hot water or the hot decoction of some bitter herb, 
or a hot Flax seed or Mustard poultice. Get the patient to 
sweating. 

A. Commence treatment by giving the patient an active 
cathartic A large Mustard plaster may be placed over the 
affected lung. Some recommend a blister plaster, but we do not, 
because a large blister is a very uncomfortable reminder, and we 
think the Mustard plaster sufficient. 

Put the patient to bed in a large, well- ventilated room and 
maintain a temperature of from 75 to 80 degrees, providing at the 
same time for a free exchange of air. Put an abundance of cover- 
ing over the patient and give him hot drinks; sweat him pro- 
fusely. To aid in producing sweating, give the following once 
an hour: 

Fluid Extract of Veratrum Viride.... 2 drops. 
Fluid Extract of Ipecac 1 drop. 

also, 
Atropine (pill or tablet) ^^ grain. 

The object of this treatment is to bring the blood to the sur- 
face and equalize the circulation. If this can be done, it will 
readily be seen that it will relieve the congestion or inflammation 
of the lungs. 

If the patient becomes nauseated, skip a few doses of the 
Veratrum and Ipecac ; if the pupils of the eye become dilated, 
skip the Atropine. If the inflammation continues, the Veratrum 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS: 253 

should be continued in 2 -drop doses every two hours (or less often 
if it occasions nausea) for a few days. Also give ^V of a grain of 
Strychnine in pill or tablet form four times a day. Strychnine is 
an active stimulant, while Veratrum tends to relieve the inflamed 
lungs. 

B. Apply Mustard plaster on painful lung. Take hot drinks 
and bath as hot as can be borne, and go to bed. Get warm and 
perspire freely. — (38). 

C. When first taken, or soon after the chill, put 5 drops of 
the Tincture of Veratrum Viride in }4 glass of water, and give 1 
teaspoonful each half hour. It will quiet the fever and conges- 
tion in twenty-four hours. Of course, if the disease has run 
until consolidation has taken place, Veratrum will do no good; 
but if given early it is an excellent remedy. — (43). 

D. In the beginning — at the time of chill or a few hours 
after — give 1 -drop doses of the Tincture of Veratrum Viride each 
half hour. 

For hard cough put % grain of Morphine in % glass of 
water. One teaspoonful given when needed to quiet will be of 
real service. — (43) — Homeopathic. 

E. If the fever is not broken up within forty-eight hours, the 
patient should receive a bath every day. Baths aid largely in 
controlling the temperature. This is important, as the prolonged 
use of fever remedies, such as Veratrum, Aconite, etc., is not 
recommended, because they lower temperature only at the 
expense of the vitality and strength of the patient. Keep the 
bowels active. Secure at least one thorough movement every 
day. Give 5 grains of Salol every three hours. 

If at any time the patient seems weak or losing strength, 
give any additional stimulants. We do not recommend the use 
of whiskey in any form in the treatment of these cases because 
our experience is that it tends to nauseate and destroy appetite, 
and in cases of pneumonia the most nourishing diet is of the 
utmost importance. The physical strength or vitality must be 
maintained in as high a degree as possible. Frequent feeding of 
the most nourishing food is necessary. Meats or solid foods are 
not called for at this time, although rice boiled for three hours, 
soft boiled eggs, milk, toast, etc., are perfectly safe. 

When the patient gets up, great care should be taken to 
avoid exposure, and continued attendance to the bowels and 
regular habits in eating are necessary. 

Carbonate of Ammonia. — We are not unmindful of the repu- 
tation that Carbonate of Ammonia has in the treatment of this 
disease. When exposed to air, Carbonate of Ammonia readily 
undergoes a change which renders it worthless. To be of any 



254 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

value it must be hard and glistening — so hard that it cannot be 
cut with a knife. As usually found it is soft and readily pulver- 
ized, or at least readily shaved with a pocket knife. There may 
be quite a strong odor of Ammonia, yet the strength is largely 
gone. We have had a good deal of experience with this drug 
and urge a careful inspection before trusting the patient to its 
effects. There is so little Carbonate of Ammonia that is of value 
that it should be excluded from the list of remedies. 

PLEURO - PNEUMONIA. — Pleuropneumonia means 
pneumonia plus inflammation of the pleura — the delicate mem- 
brane which surrounds the lungs. Probably there is always 
some affection of the pleura in attacks of pneumonia. If the 
pleura is involved to any great extent, there is more pain, the 
pain is much more severe, and recovery is more doubtful. The 
patient may fully recover from the pneumonia, but the effects 
may linger in the pleura and tuberculosis result. Besides enclos- 
ing the lungs, the pleura is also reflected around the inner surface 
of the chest cavity; thus there are two membranes. During 
inflammation of the membrane that encloses the lungs, the two 
surfaces in various places may become adherent, that is, grow 
fast, leaving a cavity or pocket of greater or less size. The 
exudate which follows the inflammation may remain unabsorbed, 
may contain serum and lymph, there may be some blood, and 
later it may change into pus, thus rendering the condition 
serious. If pus forms, complete recovery is doubtful, and fre- 
quently these cases proceed to tuberculosis with considerable 
rapidity. 

Cause. — Extension of the pneumonia and involvement of the 
pleura. It should be remembered that inflammation of the 
pleura may occur without pneumonia. See Pleurisy. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms are increased pain and other 
exaggeration of the symptoms of pneumonia. The exudate soon 
overspreads the affected surface of the pleura, and the two layers or 
membranes may become adherent, as already mentioned. If the 
exudate is absorbed, the points at which the two layers of the 
pleura have grown together may, by reason of the constant 
motion of the lungs, gradually separate, leaving the two surfaces 
attached by a band or cord of greater or less length. This is 
comparatively harmless, in fact, may do no harm. A little twinge 
of pain, or other like evidence, may remind the patient in later 
years that this condition exists. This condition may also result 
from inflammation of the pleura without pneumonia. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment is the same as that used in the usual forms of 
pneumonia. The pain is very severe. The membranes contained 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 255 

in any enclosed cavity, as the chest cavity or abdominal cavity, 
are called serous membranes. They differ from mucous mem- 
branes in being much thinner, and the secretions furnished by 
them are more of a serous or watery nature, hence the term, 
serous membranes. These membranes, wherever found, are 
extremely sensitive, hence in acute inflammation the pain is 
always severe and usually requires Opium in some form — perhaps 
Morphine is the oftenest used because it is the most convenient. 
Morphine may be given in )4 to x /i -grain doses as needed, or 
Dover's powders in 5-grain doses. Kither should be given in 
sufficient amount to control the pain (see note below). Also 
attend to the bowels and give the ordinary fever remedies as 
needed. If the case is protracted, stimulants will also be needed; 
stimulants are always needed in the aged. After convalescence 
has been established give a teaspoonful of Syrup of Hydriodic 
Acid four times a day — between meals and at bedtime. 

Note. — We do not recommend the free use of opiates; in fact, we are 
opposed to their use unless actually needed, because they cover or mask the 
symptoms and deceive the attendants. Again, their effects always interfere 
more or less with digestion, elimination and assimilation; but when pain is 
beyond control by other means, their results are less damaging than the 
debilitating effects of the pain. 



MALARIAL FEVERS.— (See under Fevers). 

MALINGERING — FEIGNED SICKNESS. — Some- 
times after accident or injury, or possibly following some diseases 
or conditions, the patient pretends or feigns sickness which does 
not exist. In treating these cases a careful examination should 
always be made. If pain is complained of, make pressure at 
that point. The patient is very likely to say you hurt him. 
Make him go through some light exercise — walking, sitting, 
bending forward, or exercising the arms. Note if there is any 
muscular wasting. A careful examination always makes a favor- 
able impression on the patient's mind. This is not only pleasing 
to the patient, but is a great advantage in aiding one to speak 
favorably of the case. It should be remembered that a careful 
examination cures many of these cases; but one must first gain the 
patient's confidence, hence the necessity of such examination. 
If there should be any muscular wasting, it would indicate 
disease of the spinal cord. The various pains the patient com- 
plains of, if they are real, are probably rheumatic in nature. It 
is probably advisable in these cases to give some light treatment, 
and as a rule the case can be discharged at an early date. 



256 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Recommended Treatment. — 

Hypodermic injection of t \ grain of Apomorphia for persons 
pretending to have taken poisons, or for hysterical fits. Relaxes 
the nervous system and produces prompt emesis — vomiting. — 

(SO- 

MEASLES.— (See under Eruptive Fevers). 

MENINGITIS.— (See under Brain, Diseases of). 

MENORRHAGIA.— (See under Women's Diseases). 

METORRHAGIA.— (See under Women's Diseases). 

MILK SICKNESS. — A number of years ago there was a 
disease among the cattle in this locality called Zembles, which 
disease was caused by their eating or drinking poisonous food or 
water. Persons eating the beef or butter or drinking the milk 
of the diseased cattle were very sick, and we called it " milk sick- 
ness" I was called in counsel with Dr. John Martin in the case 
of an old lady who had vomited every few minutes for thirty-six 
hoars and who every moment expected to die. Looking in my 
medicine bag I found I was out of the acids I wanted, but that I 
had Sulphuric Acid and Carbonate of Ammonia. I diluted the 
Acid and added the Ammonia and had her drink it while 
effervescing. We staid an hour, during which time she did not 
vomit, and on returning the next day found that she had not 
vomited and was much better — in fact, she never had another 
attack of vomiting to the day of her death, which was many 
years afterward. I have tried the same remedy many times 
since with the same result. The proper dose is 5 grains of Car- 
bonate of Ammonia to 1 to 2 drops of the Sulphuric Acid, well 
diluted with water. This dose may be repeated if necessary. — 

(84). 

MORTIFICATION.— (See under Gangrene). 

MOUTH, DISEASES OF.— As nearly all diseases of the 
mouth are affections of childhood, this subject has been placed 
under Diseases of Children. For Syphilitic Sore Mouth, see 
under Venereal Diseases. 

MUMPS — PAROTIDITIS. — The parotid glands are 
placed one on each side of the neck just in front of the ear, and at 
the lower border of the ear they extend back to the mastoid pro- 
cess — the prominent bone just behind the ear. Each of these 
glands weigh about one ounce. They are formed of many small 
lobules, held together by connective tissue. Each lobule presents 
many little openings or miniature glands, and each lobule gives 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 257 

rise to an excretory duct. These ducts unite and form a single duct, 
one on each side, about i}£ inches in length. The single ducts 
pass horizontally through the substance of the cheek, one on each 
side, and terminate in the mouth opposite the second double molar 
tooth on the upper jaw. The parotid glands are the principal 
ones which furnish the saliva (see Digestion). 

Mumps means inflammation of the Parotid glands. There 
are other glands situated beneath the jaw which may also become 
affected. It is an acute, contagious disease, which develops 
about fourteen days after exposure and lasts about one week. 
One or both glands may be affected at the same time. Usually 
one is affected first, the inflammation of the other occurring later. 

Cause. — The cause is a specific ferment or poison, the 
original source of which is unknown. 

Symptoms — As usually described, the first symptom may be 
a sense of chilliness followed by a slight rise of temperature, 
slight increase in the pulse rate, headache, languor, loss of appe- 
tite and pain at the angle of the jaw. The pain is increased on 
opening the mouth or in attempting to swallow. There is a 
chain of glands situated on each side of the neck, and the entire 
chain may become swollen. The swelling may also include the 
side of the face. If the disease occurs only on one side, the head 
may be turned toward the affected side as this relieves the tension 
and pain. In many cases the chills, fever, increase in pulse rate 
and headache may be entirely absent. The inflammation con- 
tinues from four to six days and then gradually declines. In rare 
cases the parotid glands may suppurate, that is, an abscess form. 
There is a small opening in the mastoid process through which 
the seventh cranial nerve (see Neuralgia) passes, then con- 
tinues forward through the parotid glands and supplies the 
muscles of the face, giving them the power of motion. It is said 
that in some cases the pressure of the swollen gland may cause 
temporary and partial paralysis of this nerve. 

Treatments. — 

A. The bowels should be kept active and the patient avoid 
taking cold. A well ventilated room where the temperature is 
uniform is best suited for cases of this kind. Very little med- 
icine is needed. Salicylate of Soda may be given in 5 -grain doses 
every three hours. If necessary for the fever, give i-drop doses 
of Aconite every hour. If there is evidence of pus formation, 
large hot poultices should be kept over the affected side of the 
face and neck, and the abscess opened as soon as pus is dis- 
covered. Should the patient take cold during the course of the 
disease, serious complications are likely to follow. 
17 



258 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

B. Keep patient on a light diet, and correct constipation, if 
it exists, with small doses of Kpsom or Rochelle Salts. If the 
swollen glands are painful, a poultice of Hops will give relief; or 
apply Camphorated Oil and hot flannel. If complications arise, 
call the doctor. 

C. Apply small square of Belladonna plaster to jaws. Avoid 
catching cold. — (38). 

D. No particular treatment is necessary, but keep in the 
house and keep the throat done up in flannel. Warm herb drinks 
are good. Keep the feet warm, and particularly avoid exposure 
to dampness, as in case of contracting a cold by this means the 
Swelling may spread to other glands and become a serious matter. 

MYELITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE SPINAL 

CORD. — It will be remembered that the spinal cord is composed 
of large nerve cells and nerve fibers, which are held together by 
delicate connective tissue and surrounded by membranes. The 
fibers of the cord are situated externally and divided into separate 
columns or tracts. Each tract is supposed to be endowed with 
separate functions or duties. Different diseases are sometimes 
limited to one or more of these tracts. The various forms of 
inflammation often follow a single tract, hence the various names 
given to Myelitis, or Inflammation of the Spinal Cord, as: Anterior 
Myelitis, meaning front part; Lateral Myelitis, meaning the sides; 
Posterior Myelitis, meaning behind; Tra?isverse Myelitis, meaning 
clear across, etc. 

Cause. — Acute myelitis may be caused by poisons resulting 
from the infectious diseases. It may follow spinal meningitis, 
i. e., inflammation of the membrane which surrounds the cord. 
It may result from accident or injury. 

Symptoms. — The acute form comes on suddenly. The vessels 
of the cord are first congested. This is followed by inflammation 
with rise in temperature and pain along the back. The spinal 
column is sensitive to the touch. First there may be pain in the 
lower limbs, and as the disease continues this is followed by a 
sense of numbness; later the limbs become more or less 
paralyzed. The paralysis is governed by the amount of inflam- 
mation. There is also a sense of constriction about the body; 
this is usually accompanied by more or less pain. There may 
be involuntary discharges from the bowels and bladder. Later 
there may be bed sores, with wasting of the muscles supplied by 
the nerves from the affected part of the cord. During the 
progress of the disease there may be spasmodic action el the 
muscles of the affected part. The sense of constriction about the 
body, sometimes called girdle pai?is, the early loss of sensation 
and paralysis, and the bed sores, are the most prominent symp- 
toms of acute myelitis. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 259 

Chronic Myelitis means paralysis. See Paralysis. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — To make the patient 
comfortable in bed is perhaps the most that can be accomplished. 
Sweating will aid in affording relief, and in the meantime a hot 
bath might be given before going to bed, or at least the feet put 
into hot water; also means to produce sweating after he is in 
bed, as cans or jugs of hot water placed around him. If the 
bowels have been constipated, give a cathartic. Insure quiet 
until the doctor can arrive. 

A. Inflammation of the spinal cord is the same as inflamma- 
tion elsewhere. If any means can be secured to equalize the 
circulation, relief will follow. First put the patient to bed. By 
lying on the side or face the cord is said to be somewhat relieved 
(doubtful). Put the feet in hot water, give hot drinks, produce 
sweating, give frequent baths followed by brisk rubbing, keep 
the skin active, give an active cathartic, and, if possible, keep 
the bowels regular. To aid in producing sweating small doses 
of Aconite may be given — one drop every thirty minutes until 
the skin is moist. Atropine is another very good remedy to 
equalize the circulation and relieve congestion and inflammation. 
Give T J 7 of a grain every hour for two or three doses — until the 
throat is dry or the pupil dilates. Atropine will not produce 
sweating, but with plenty of hot drinks and artificial heat, 
sweating may be produced while giving Atropine, and both are 
of the highest importance in inflammation. Veratrum is another 
most excellent drug; however, it differs in no way from Aconite. 
If the inflammation is the result of syphilis, give anti-syphilitic 
treatment. If the patient is strong, dieting for a few days will 
be of benefit. Absolute quiet should be maintained. If the 
disease continues, nourishment and elimination are points to be 
especially remembered. 

NAUSEA— SICKNESS AT THE STOMACH.— Re- 
commended Treatments. 

A. Give the sixth dilution of Nux Vomica either in solution 
or in pill form — 1 or 2 drops of the solution or 1 or 2 pills every 
thirty minutes until relieved. — (56) — Homeopathic. 

B. One or two 'full doses of Paregoric is all-sufficient. For 
adult, one teaspoonful. — (30). 

C. One tablespoonful of very hot water every few minutes. 

D. ^ teaspoonful of Bicarbonate of Soda in ^ a glass of 
water, very hot, and taken in one dose. Repeat every hour if 
needed. — (41). 



2 6o FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

E. Subnitrate of Bismuth, % of an ounce. Divide into 24 
powders and take 1 powder every two hours. Apply a Mustard 
plaster to the stomach. Drink a cup of hot water every two or 
three hours. — (42). 

F. A Spice plaster over the pit of the stomach. Small pieces 
of ice in the mouth. Give the following: 

Subnitrate of Bismuth 3 grains. 

Oxalate of Cerium 3 " 

Divide into 12 powders and take one every 
fifteen minutes. — (35). 

G. Apply Mustard plaster over the stomach. Drink Mint 
tea, such as Peppermint, Spearmint, etc. Take one tablespoon- 
ful of Iyime Water and put into a glass half full of sweet milk. 
Drink three or four times a day. Diet for a few days. 

NERVOUSNESS. — This term is appl'.ed to a condition of 
hyperesthesia, or unusual sensitiveness to sound and impressions. 
It is also sometimes called neurasthenia, meaning a deficiency in 
nerve power — nerve exhaustion. These conditions are also called 
hysteria, fidgets, etc., and may result in 7nelancholia or strange 
hallucinations. 

Cause. — It may be caused by the prolonged use of alcohol, by 
using too much tobacco, or may be due to the climacteric period 
— change of life. It is probably oftenest caused by prolonged 
dyspepsia, where the general system becomes irritated by un- 
healthy blood and weakened from lack of nutrition. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms are unnatural irritability, over- 
sensitiveness, and nervous apprehension or anxiety. There is 
often constipation, and some disturbance of the appetite, which 
may be voracious at times and at other times lacking. 

Treatments. — 

A. It will not do to tell the patient that he or she has 
hysterics. These cases may or may not need treatment. Unless 
the patient was born with some defect in the nervous system, the 
trouble is the result of indigestion from some cause, which has 
resulted in an unhealthy system. The nerves have become shat- 
tered — have lost their "tone," or vigor. If a physician is 
handling the case, it is necessary to make a careful examination 
because this makes a favorable impression upon the patient's 
mind. It aids in gaining confidence, and without this confidence 
all treatment would fail because the patient would neither follow 
directions nor take the medicine given. True, there may be 
but little medicine needed. First give attention to the elimina- 
tive organs, regulate the diet, give artificial digestants for a short 
time if needed, and secure proper hygienic surroundings and 



DISBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 261 

proper exercise. The following mixture is valuable in these 
cases, as in many others, for the amount of nourishment which it 
contains; it is not a medicine, but a food. The Maltine contains 
a ferment similar to the pty aline found in the saliva, which aids 
materially in digestion. One part of this ferment is contained in 
500 parts of the Maltine, or any good extract of Malt: 

Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites.. 3 ounces 
Maltine, or any good extract of Malt 6 ' ' 

Mix, by shaking the bottle, and take 1 table- 
spoonful three times a day, just before meals 
or immediately after. A tablespoonful may 
also be taken at bedtime. 

B. If the nervous symptoms are slight, give one pill of 
Aconitine Amorphous, y| ¥ of a grain, also one pill of Anemonine, 
Y-Jy °f a g ram > every hour for a few days; then once in two hours 
during the day. The 2 pills may be given together at the same 
time. 

If the trouble is due to the change of life, the Bromides are 
more valuable. Bromide of Potash and Bromide of Ammonia, of 
each 5 grains, may be given two or three times a day. This 
amount can be increased if necessary. 

In case of young girls, give Cyperipedin T 1 7 of a grain, and 
Scutillarin ■£$ of a grain, every two hours. When quiet is re- 
stored, stop it altogether, until the symptoms re-appear. 

When the effect is the result of alcohol, teaspoonful doses of 
Tincture of Capsicum well diluted, and -fo of a grain of Strych- 
nine may be given every three hours for a few days, then twice 
a day, more or less, as needed. In case of alcoholics, hot baths 
and a brisk rub are also advised, at the same time keeping the 
bowels active. 

In all cases strict attention should be given to diet, alimentary 
sanitation and hygiene. — (72). 

C. For nervousness nervines should be given. One of the 
best nervines is a tea made of Scullcap (see chapter on Herbs), or 
of English Valerian, or of American Valerian (common Lady 
Slipper) . Or Assafcetida in 5 -grain doses may be given. The 
use of any one of these remedies should be continued for a con- 
siderable length of time if one is subject to nervousness. 

D. Regulate the diet and bowels. Eat nothing indigestible. 
Drink only milk and water. — (38). 

E. Tincture of Valerianate of Am- 
monia 2 ounces. 

Dose. — y z to 1 teaspoonful three times a day. 

—(24). 



262 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

F. Celerina — made by Rio Chemical 

Co., St. Louis, Mo 2 ounces. 

Dose. — i teaspoonful three or four times a 
day in water. 

or, 

Peacock's Bromides 2 ounces. 

Dose. — 1 teaspoonful three times a day in 
water. — (20). 

G. Bromide of Potash 1 ounce. 

Peppermint Water 4 ounces. 

Mix. Take 1 teaspoonful in water three or 
four times a day, or oftener if needed. 

A tepid sponge bath every day is excellent for nervousness. 
-(42)- 

H. % grain of Atropine in one glass of water. Give 1 
teaspoonful each half hour until relieved. — (43). 

NETTLE RASH.— (See under Skin Diseases). 

NEURALGIA. — This is a disease of the nervous system, 
characterized by paroxysms of pain of a darting, stabbing 
character. Usually one side only is affected, whether of the 
body or head, the pain following the course of some sensory 
nerve. 

The divisions given below, as, Neuralgia of the Fifth Nerve, 
etc., simply indicate the nerve affected, and the course taken by 
the affected nerve or nerves. These nerves have their origin in 
the brain and spinal cord. 

Neuralgia of the Fifth Nerve — of the face. — The nerves 
that have their origin in the brain are called the cranial nerves. 
They are often spoken of as the first, second, third, etc., according 
to their point of origin. The one arising nearest in front is 
called the first, the next, the second, the third, fourth, fifth, and 
so on. The fifth is the great nerve of sensation to the head and 
face and the motor nerve to the muscles of mastication. The 
sensory branches are a very common seat of neuralgia, probably 
by reason of their large distribution. The nerve on the left side 
is the one usually affected. The pain may extend over the entire 
side of the face, or be confined to certain branches of the nerve, 
particularly to the branches that run around the eye — one just 
over it and one just underneath. In this case, if the pain is of 
any duration, the eye becomes bloodshot in appearance, "runs 
water," and is sensitive to the light. Also pressure on the bone 
just underneath the eyebrow and under the eye next to the nose 
causes a feeling of tenderness. At these points a fiber of the 
fifth nerve comes through the bone. Megrim and Hemicrania 
are terms frequently applied to neuralgia of the face where but 
one side is affected. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 263 

In severe cases of facial neuralgia there may be a convulsive 
twitching of the muscles on the affected side, to which the name 
Tic-douloureux has been given. The term tic-douloureux is 
also applied to a spasmodic twitching of the muscles of the face 
without pain. The muscles of the face are controlled by the 
seventh cranial nerve, hence in tic-douloureux the fifth nerve, 
the nerve of sensation, is not necessarily involved. 

Cervico-Occipital Neuralgia — of the neck and back of 
the head. — The occipital nerve is also subject to neuralgia, the 
pain running down the back of the head into the neck as far as 
the collar-bone, thence upward and forward to the cheek. The 
affected part may become very sensitive to the touch, also an 
eruption may appear on the skin. In some cases there is a sen- 
sation of cracking at the nape of the neck which is very annoy- 
ing. The pain comes on in paroxysms, and is either sharp and 
stabbing or deep and gripping in character. 

Cervico-Brachial Neuralgia — of the neck and arm. — The 
nerve of the arm (brachial) may be affected with neuralgia. 
The pain extends from the neck down into the arm, causing a 
feeling of numbness and weakness in the hand, arm and shoulder, 
with a feeling of tenderness to the touch of all the parts affected, 
the tenderness extending also to the breast. 

Intercostal Neuralgia — of the side. — Another seat of neu- 
ralgia is in the side, resulting from a nerve which follows the 
fifth and sixth ribs, from which it derives the name intercostal. 
This is frequently associated with an eruption known as 
shingles, and is characterized by tenderness at points where 
the nerve emerges from the bone — at the side of the chest, and in 
the front near the breast-bone. 

Lumbo-Abdominal Neuralgia — of the loins. — The pain in 
this neuralgia differs from the forms described only in affecting a 
different set of nerves — those extending from the upper part of 
the hip to the lower part of the abdomen and contiguous parts. 

Sciatica — of the thigh. — In this the pain follows the sciatic 
nerve, shooting along the back of the hip into the inner side of 
the thigh and down into the calf of the leg, ankle and heel. 
The foot loses the sense of touch, movement of the limb is ac- 
complished with pain and difficulty, and, if the neuralgia is of 
long duration, a wasting of the limb takes place. 

While the foregoing terms are often employed in speaking 
of Neuralgia, they are unimportant except to indicate where the 
trouble is located. Almost any pain may be called neuralgia. 
Neuron means nerve, plus algos, pain. 



264 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Cause of Neuralgia. — The conditions present in neuralgia 
and rheumatism (see Rheumatism) are the same, and the 
pain is Nature's voice forcibly expressed, calling attention to 
our errors. It is evidence that the patient has overstepped the 
limit of safety and now must pay principal and interest. It 
would be as proper to say rheumatism of the face as neuralgia of 
the face, but through habit we call it the latter. The term 
muscular rheumatism is not correct. If tne reader should exam- 
ine the fibers of the affected muscle under the microscope, such 
fibers would appear normal. There would be no evidence of 
inflammation or other trouble, showing cleaily that the disease 
was in the nerve fiber and not the muscle fiber. When the ' ' bones 
ache," the same conditions are present, but another part is 
affected. The part is affected first that offers the least resistance. 
In some resistance is less in one part or organ, and in others, 
in another part or organ. Pain is controlled according to our 
several powers to resist, and we all understand that these are not 
the same in each individual. Any and all of these conditions are 
evidence that there remains in the system irritating waste 
material that should be eliminated. As evidence that these 
statements are true, these cases almost universally give a history 
of constipation. Again, the urine is highly colored. This color 
is due to uric acid, which has been rasping through the system 
and which the kidneys are doing their best to eliminate. Sick 
headache is also an evidence of indigestion followed by the pro- 
duction of poison that produces local irritation in the stomach. 
The undigested food also aids or increases the irritation. 

If further evidence is needed, let us view the situation from 
another standpoint. The circulation of the brain is conducted 
through the carotid arteries. These are situated one on either 
side of the neck, and lie parallel to the jugular vein. The one 
on the left side is more direct, hence it is shorter. The result is 
a more forcible circulation, resulting in greater pressure, and it 
follows that any irritating substances or material would produce 
a sharper or more acute effect. This explains the statement 
already made that neuralgia of the face usually occurs on the 
left side. The artery that supplies the left eye is a branch of 
the shorter carotid, and the increased pressure and irritation pro- 
duce congestion of this artery. This explains why the left eye 
becomes "bloodshot." The middle coat of the eyeball is made 
up of radiating fibers of the same artery, hence the congestion 
causes pressure on the delicate fibers of the optic nerve, which 
are in contact with the artery and form the inner coat of the eye, 
and this accounts for the sensitiveness of the eye already 
mentioned. Apoplexy is caused by the rupture of an artery 
near the base of the brain. The ruptured artery is usually found 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 265 

on the left side of the brain. While this is a separate disease 
from neuralgia, it supports the foregoing statements regarding 
pressure and irritation. At the junction of the brain and spinal 
cord the nerve fibers cross, with the result that the right side is 
usually paralyzed. 

There are a few exceptions to these statements, but they are 
rare. The foregoing conditions will cover or include nearly all 
cases of rheumatism or neuralgia. 

Exciting Cause. — Exposure to cold or damp, anxiety or 
undue mental exertion, may be the exciting or immediate cause 
of neuralgia, as any of these tends to interfere with external 
circulation. This means that more of the irritating blood is 
retained in the internal organs, the brain and spinal cord 
receiving their share of the over-supply. Irritation of these 
structures is thus increased, hence the affection of the various 
nerves leading from them. The irritation also follows in the 
small arteries which supply the nerve fibers themselves. This 
aids in causing congestion, pressure and pain. 

Treatments . — 

A. Sulphate of Morphine 2^ grains. 

Sulphate of Strychnine y$ " 

Tincture of Aconite 18 drops. 

Fowler's Solution \ l / z drachms. 

Glycerine 1 ounce. 

Simple Blixir, enough to make 2 " 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful. Repeat in 
one hour, if needed. 

B. Camphorated Olive Oil 1 ounce. 

Chloroform 1 drachm. 

Apply externally. 

Antikamnia 20 grains. 

Sulphate of Quinine 30 " 

Camphor, powdered 5 " 

Capsicum, powdered 10 " 

Tincture of Aconite Root 10 drops. 

Mix, and make 10 capsules. Dose. —Take 
one every 3 or 4 hours. — (28). 

C. Take English Valerian, steep to make a tea and drink 
freely of it. Take from 20 to 30 drops of Paregoric two or three 
times a day. Counter-irritants, such as Mustard plasters, etc., 
placed over the region of pain are beneficial. 

D. x /i grain of Atropine in one glass of water. Give 1 tea- 
spoonful every half hour until relieved. — (43). 

E. Antikamnia and Quinine Tablets. One every 3 hours. 
-(20). 



266 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

F. Menthol 45 grains. 

Alcohol 1 ounce. 

Cologne Water, enough to make 3 " 

Mix, and apply over painful part. — (59), 

G. Megrim. — 

Antipyrine 1 drachm. 

Spirits Ammonia 1 " 

Elixir Bromide Potash 3 ounces. 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful every 2 or 3 
hours until relieved — (29). 

H. Megtim. — 5 grains of Acetanilid every hour until relieved. 

-(57)- 

Important. — It should be remembered that the foregoing 

remedies produce only a temporary effect, and that the general 

system must be improved before permanent relief can be expected. 

Attention to diet, elimination, fresh air, proper exercise, etc., are 

all of the greatest importance. 

NIGHT SWEATS.— Night Sweats are the result of pro- 
longed fevers, tuberculosis, or other conditions where there is 
general weakness. 

Treatments. — 

A. Atropine in y^-g- to -^ grain doses one hour before going 
to bed, or Agaricin in ^ grain doses, taken at the same time, 
are most effectual in producing immediate results. It is under- 
stood, of course, that the patient's general condition must be 
improved before permanent benefit can be had. If the sweating 
is the result of protracted fevers, it is evidence that poisons 
remain in the system, and first these must be eliminated. Secure 
thorough elimination of the bowels, and afterwards give 10 grains 
of the Sulphocarbolate of Soda, or the same amount of Salol, 
every four hours. If the eliminations give offensive odor, give 
this dose every two hours until improvement, then four times a 
day. Also give the patient 1 teaspoonful of the following 
four times a daj^ — at meal time and bedtime. 

Fowler's Solution %. ounce. 

Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid.... 30 drops. 

Lloyd's Hydrastus 3 drachms. 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Water, enough to make ., 4 ounces. 

With dose of the above, give 2 grains of 
Quinine in pill or capsule form. If the weak- 
ness is the result of tuberculosis, see treatment 
under that head. Also give the following : 

Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites.. 2 ounces. 
Mai tine, or a good Extract of Malt.. 6 " 

Mix by shaking the bottle, and take, for an 
adult, 1 tablespoonful at meal time and bed- 
time — four doses a day. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 267 

B. Take 10 drops of the Tincture of Belladonna at bedtime. 

-(57)- 

C. Elixir of Vitriol — Take 20 drops in a glassful of water 
three times daily. — (32). 

D. A teacupful of Sage tea at bedtime. — (41). 

NOCTURNAL EMISSIONS— SPERMATORRHEA. 

— This is an involuntary emission during sleep. Much specula- 
tion has been indulged in, many fears created, and much suffer- 
ing, remorse and despair have resulted from this condition by 
reason of the prominence given it by quacks. To our personal 
knowledge many a young man has been ruined financially, and 
had his mind filled with horror as he tottered upon the supposed 
brink of insanity or an early grave. This condition is the result 
of keeping the patient's mind constantly upon the subject, and is 
exactly what the quack or advertising doctor desires and 
endeavors to bring about. The patient becomes so anxious that 
he is ready to yield up his last dollar to be free from what he 
supposes to be physical ruin, followed by imbecility or a miserable 
death. These cases are not dangerous; on the contrary, they 
are an indication of health, strength and vigor, and those who 
teach otherwise are actuated by personal greed, for the sake of 
which they would sacrifice health and manhood and make a foul 
prostitution of the practice of medicine. 

Treatments. — 

A. The following treatment will stop the emissions. How- 
ever, if they only occur occasionally in a healthy young man, no 
treatment is needed. 

Bromide of Potash 1 ounce. 

Glycerine 2 " 

Simple Elixir, enough to make 4 " 

Mix, and take 2 teaspoonfuls at bedtime. 
The dose may be increased to 1 tablespoonful, 
if necessary. Also take the following: 

Tincture of Nux Vomica y 2 ounce. 

Lloyd's Hydrastus 3 drachms. 

Fowler's Solution 2 " 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Water enough to make 4 " 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful at meal time. 
The last remedy need not be taken without 
the first one. 

Keep the bowels active and have absolutely 
no fear of unfavorable results. 

B. Fluid Extract of Black Willow — % teaspoonful three 
times a day in a glass of water. — (25). 



268 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

C. Specific Stavesacre — 2 drops four or five times a day. 
Also Specific Passaflora — 1 teaspoonful three hours before bed- 
time and also a teaspoonful on retiring. — (30). 

D. Dilute Phosphoric Acid 75 drops. 

Fluid Extract Ergot 1 ounce. 

Tincture of Columbo 3 " 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful at meal time 
and bedtime — four doses a day, — (23). 

OBESITY — CORPULENCE — FAT.— Obesity is an 

accumulation of fat, usually under the skin, in the abdominal 
cavity, or both. This occurs to such an extent as to embarrass 
the activity of the individual. Obesity is an amount of fat not 
only incompatible with health, but may interfere with the vital 
powers to such an extent as to be dangerous. 

Cause. — Fat meat, butter, oils, starchy food, milk and sugar 
are all given as the cause of obesity, and while it is true that 
these have a tendency to produce fat, it is also true that there 
are many cases of obesity where these foods are not used, or are 
used very sparingly. The real cause lies in the fact that the food 
eaten, whatever it may be, results in an over-production of fat. 
Why this is so has never been satisfactorily determined. 

Treatments. — 

A. Avoidance of the foods mentioned, daily exercise in the 
open air, regular habits, bathing, and the avoidance of all drugs 
to reduce the excess of adipose tissue. Drug medication may do 
harm by lowering the vitality and rendering the system less 
capable. Mineral waters, however, are not drugs. 

B. Sprudel water, alternating with Kissingen. One glassful 
every day. — (21). 

C. Use artificial Kissingen and Vichy waters, alternately — 
glassful twenty minutes after meals. Avoid starches and water. 

-(12). 

D. Avoid all food containing fat, sugar and starch, as bread, 
rice, potatoes, fat meat, cake, candy, pudding, beans, sago, etc. 
Eat lean meat, eggs, oysters, skimmed milk, turnips, soups, 
small amount of toast and an occasional potato. 

Work enough to keep down the fat and make muscle. — (13). 

E. Bat less and exercise more. Drink no water at meals. 
Avoid starchy diet. — (60). 

F. Give Phytolacca Juice, 3 drops in water after meals. 
Restrict the diet and grow thin. — ( 18) — Homeopathic. 

G. Phytolacca. — (37)- — Homeopathic. 

OPHTHALMIA.— (See under Kyk, Diseases of). 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. ■ 269 

OVARIES, INFLAMMATION OF, TUMOR OF, Etc. 

— (See under Women's Diskasks). 

PARALYSIS. — Paralysis is a partial or complete loss of 
the power of motion of one or more of the muscles of the body. 
By some it is also applied to the loss of sensation. Paralysis may 
be confined to a single muscle, or may include one or both limbs, 
or may affect one half of the body. When confined to one half 
of the body, it is called Hemiplegia. This form is the result of 
apoplexy. When it is confined to the upper or lower extremities, 
it is called Paraplegia. Waiter's Paralysis is parafysis of the 
muscles of the wrist and fingers, due to overwork. Paralysis 
of the foot or one side of the face, or that following diphtheria, is 
termed Local Paralysis. Paralysis Agitans, or Shaking Palsy, is a 
term applied to that form where there is a constant trembling. 
This is a disease of middle or advanced life. 

Cause. — Most cases of paralysis are due to disease of the 
spinal cord, and are the result of an irritant in the blood. The 
irritant may be the virus of syphilis, or may result from the 
prolonged use of alcohol or from chronic dyspepsia. Chronic 
dyspepsia means constipation and an unhealthy digestive tract 
where many poisons are generated. It seems needless to say 
that these poisons enter the circulation and act as irritants. A 
lack of exercise or poor hygienic surroundings aid in producing 
irritants because they render tissue change unequal. There is an 
excess of waste over repair. The waste is irritating and vitality 
is lowered. In all these conditions the blood contains many 
irritants and poisons which are constantly rasping through the 
system. The effect is always greatest where resistance is least. 
If in the spinal cord, it produces a low form of inflammation, 
followed by paralysis and death. 

The spinal cord contains groups of large nerve cells and 
nerve fibers held together by a connective tissue framework. 
Long-continued inflammation, wherever it occurs, always pro- 
duces an overgrowth of the connective tissue; if in the spinal 
cord, there is a corresponding destruction of the nerve fibers and 
nerve cells. As stated elsewhere, connective tissue resulting 
from inflammation always contracts when it matures. This con- 
traction squeezes the nerve structures, gradually lessens circula- 
tion, causes pressure, and aids in their destruction. The nerve 
cells and fibers are found in different stages of degenera- 
tion, and the aggregation of the large nerve cells which form 
semi-independent nerve centers in the cord, degenerate and dis- 
appear more or less completely. With the destruction of the 
natural tissue and the contraction of the new, the spinal cord 
becomes hard and fibrous. Practically all forms of paralysis are 
the same. They consist of an increased blood supply, the result 



270 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

of inflammation, followed by degeneration of the nerves and 
nerve cells and overgrowth of connective tissue, which contracts 
and hardens. Sometimes one part of the cord is affected and 
sometimes another. 

A nerve is no more nor less than a long-drawn-out process 
of a nerve cell. Certain cells in the brain and spinal cord send 
out these prolongations, and thus the nervous system is formed. 
The nerves of sensation arise in the back part of the cord, hence 
inflammation of this part is first indicated by increased sensibility, 
which may be in the form of pain, or of a tingling sensation; 
later there is loss of sensation, showing that the destruction 
is more complete. The nerves of motion arise in the front part 
of the cord, hence inflammation of this part, acting as a stimu- 
lant, is first indicated by increased muscular action. This is 
followed by a loss of motion and shrinking of the muscles, show- 
ing destruction and degeneration of this system. The voluntary 
muscles of the body and extremities are supplied with nerves 
from the spinal cord. Many of the nerves rising in the brain 
extend downward, connect with the spinal nerves and modify or 
control their action; but during inflammation messages cannot be 
transmitted through the diseased area in the cord. This leaves 
that portion below the disease without a break, and the spinal 
nerves, having escaped the control of the brain, set up a 
spasmodic action due to the inflammation. At first the inflam- 
mation acts as a stimulant and the nerves respond by involuntary 
movement. The patient cannot control his actions because of 
the constant excitement kept up in the cord, and because control 
cannot be sent from the brain. This is the condition present in 
Locomotor Ataxia. In the second stage of that disease the feet 
and lower limbs escape the control of the patient and fly in all 
directions. Later, as the disease extends upward, the hands and 
arms may suffer in the same way. With the destruction of the 
nerves of motion, paralysis is complete. 

Paralysis of the lower limbs indicates invasion of the lower 
part of the spinal cord because the nerves governing them have 
their origin there; paralysis of the hands and arms indicates 
invasion of the cervical portion (that portion situated in the neck), 
because the nerves governing them arise there. Disease of the 
cord may begin below and extend upward, or other parts may 
be affected first. Chronic progressive bulbular paralysis, i. e. 
paralysis of the muscles of the throat, tongue, lips, etc., is caused 
by connective tissue overgrowth at the base of the brain where the 
nerves supplying these muscles take their origin. The nerves 
themselves are first handened by inflammatory processes, and 
later degenerate. These changes take place gradually; so do 
these forms of paralysis. At first only a few cells are affected, 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 27 1 

but the number increases until function is lost, when the change 
takes place more rapidly. A blood clot may plug an artery 
supplying a group of nerve cells in the cord and cause sudden 
or acute paralysis. Sometimes chronic inflammation of the spinal 
cord may follow rheumatism, and produce permanent muscular 
contractions with great deformity of joints. 

These changes in the cord are responsible for most forms of 
paralysis, and may be caused by irritation produced by alcohol, 
the effects of indigestion, bad hygiene, constipation, syphilis, etc., 
as already mentioned. Drinking hard cider may do the same 
thing. Hard cider not only contains alcohol, but many acids 
which will produce inflammation and chronic catarrh of the 
stomach, and this means indigestion and disease. 

Volumes have been written upon paralysis and nervous 
diseases, yet the subject is not so difficult to understand. Long- 
continued irritation from septic blood in any part of the body 
will sooner or later produce its evil effects by interfering with 
the central nervous system — the brain and spinal cord. Head- 
ache is characteristic of this condition; so is neuralgia and 
rheumatism. 

Treatments. — 

A. Regulate the bowels, keep the skin active, give special 
attention to nourishing food and to the digestive organs in gen- 
eral, avoid fatigue or overwork, secure an abundance of fresh 
air and take a reasonable amount of exercise. Internally, take 1 
teaspoonful of Syrup of Hydriodic Acid between meals and at 
bedtime. Do not take within two hours after a meal. If the Syrup 
causes a catarrhal condition of the eyes, take less; if it does not, 
the dose may be increased a little. Also take 10 grains of Salol 
after each meal. If paralysis is due to syphilis, give treatment 
under that disease. 

B. Use the battery, one pole being placed along the spine 
between the shoulders. The foot-plate should also be used. Mas- 
sage is beneficial and warm clothing should always be worn. Five 
drops of Nux Vomica should be taken three times a day before 
meals, or take -fa of a grain of Strychnine in pill form three times 
a day. Keep the bowels open with 1 teaspoonful of Epsom Salts 
in a wineglass half full of warm water, taken from one to three 
times a day. The diet should be nutritious. In severe cases, if 
the appetite is poor, and especially if the patient is not addicted 
to the use of stimulants, a little brandy or other liquor may be 
given at meal time. — (67). 

C. Numb Palsy. — If this condition has existed for a great 
length of time, but little benefit can be expected from any treat- 
ment ; but if recent, very much good will result from the follow- 
ing treatment faithfully followed: 



272 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Paralytic Liniment. — 

Sulphuric Ether 6 ounces. 

Alcohol 2 " 

Laudanum i " 

Oil of Lavender i " 

Mix, and cork tightly. 

In a recent case of paralysis let the whole extent of the numb 
surface be thoroughly bathed and rubbed with this preparation for 
several minutes, at least three times daily, and at the same time 
take internally 20 drops of the same in a little sweetened water. 
Use a large amount of friction by the hand. It is well in very 
recent cases to keep the parts covered with flannels. This lini- 
ment may also be used in old cases, and in many of them will 
undoubtedly do much good. — (67). 

D. Dilute Phosphoric Acid 75 drops. 

Fluid Extract of Ergot 1 ounce. 

Tincture of Columbo 3 " 

Mix. Take 1 teaspoonful at meal time and 
bedtime — four doses a day. — (23). 

E. Gentle friction by application of electricity ( Faradic 
current). 3-grain doses of Iodide Potash four times a day — 
before breakfast, between meals and at bedtime. — (70). 

Electricity in Treating Paralysis. — Electricity is recom- 
mended by a great many physicians. Success follows its use in 
some cases; failure in others. This may be due somewhat to the 
degree of confidence inspired in the patient. Many look upon 
electricity with a great deal of confidence, and it is good sense to 
believe that many times this confidence stimulates the belief in 
the patient's mind that he is going to get well. This belief gives 
energy and ambition, and every fiber becomes possessed of greater 
possibilities. Both digestion and assimilation are thus increased, 
respiration and circulation are stimulated, and these conditions 
may aid materially in the absorption of a blood clot, or in check- 
ing the inroads in a case of chronic or progressive paralysis. 

Electricity and hope will never remove connective tissue 
overgrowth, but they may aid in preventing its further develop- 
ment and in preventing other degenerative changes: Hope and a 
contented mind may do this through their influence over diges- 
tion and assimilation. Hope stimulates the mind, the mind reacts 
upon the body, the vital powers are strengthened, physical 
force is renewed, and there results a determination which yields 
a powerful influence in checking disease. 

All are agreed that these statements are true. As evidence 
of such agreement every doctor of experience practices these 
principles in treating the sick. Some doctors strive purposely to 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



273 



stimulate hope in the mind of their patients; others influence the 
mind unconsciously, their presence alone producing a confidence 
which medical appliances cannot give. 

PEMPHIGUS.— (See under Skin Diseases). 

PERICARDITIS.— (See under Heart, Diseases of). 

PERITONITIS. — The peritoneum is a thin membrane 
which lines the inner wall of the abdominal cavity, is reflected 
around the whole length of the digestive tract and forms the 
outer coat of the bowels. Peritonitis is inflammation of the 
peritoneum. It may be acute or chronic, local or general. In the 
acute form there is fever, intense pain, vomiting and hiccough. 

Causes. — Peritonitis may be caused by hernia, either internal 
or external, where there is a good deal of pressure. It may be 
caused by external injury, such as blows over the abdomen, or 
by perforating wounds into or through the abdominal cavity. 
There is always local peritonitis accompanying appendicitis, and 
by extension this may become general. It may result from 
inflammation of other organs, such as the ovaries, or the uterus 
in puerperal fever, or blood poisoning following labor. It may 
result from erysipelas, from ulceration of the bowels, from typhoid 
fever, from the rupture of an abscess into the abdominal cavity, 
or may follow operations upon any of the organs contained in 
the abdominal cavity. Peritonitis is also said to be caused by 
taking cold, where the blood is unhealthy and irritating and 
where the internal organs become highly congested. Tubercular 
Peritonitis is a chronic form. 

Symptoms.— In the acute form the disease begins suddenly — 
usually with a chill. There is a quick rise in temperature, and 
the pulse is rapid — may reach as high as 140 or 150 beats per 
minute, and even more. The pain is severe, and the surface of 
the abdomen soon becomes extremely sensitive to the touch. It 
also becomes greatly enlarged and its muscles become rigid. 
The patient usually lies with the knees drawn up as this relaxes 
the muscles and lessens the pain. There is loss of appetite, 
nausea, perhaps vomiting, and hiccough usually accompanies this 
disease. In a severe case, the temperature, at first high, reaching 
perhaps 103 or 104, may soon become subnormal, the surface of 
the body cold, the pulse rapid and weak, and the features 
"pinched," the patient's face wearing an anxious expression. 
Where there is great distension of the abdominal cavity, the 
lungs, liver and heart are crowded upon more or less, and as a 
result the breathing may become rapid. There may be a slight 
cough. In peritonitis resulting from the rupture of an abscess 
into the abdominal cavity, there is usually, but not always, 

18 



274 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

sudden and terrific pain, weak, rapid pulse, subnormal tempera- 
ture, great loss of the vital forces, collapse and rapid death. We 
have witnessed but one case of this kind where there was abso- 
lutely no pain; the other symptoms were as given. In peritonitis 
from the rupture of an abscess the patient usually lives only 
from 15 to 24 hours, unless relieved by opening the abdominal 
cavity and thoroughly flushing with sterilized water. Even with 
this treatment recovery is doubtful. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Send for the doctor. In 
peritonitis constipation is the rule, so while waiting for the 
doctor, empty the lower bowel with injections. For this purpose 
a quart of hot water made slippery with soap may be used, or a 
more effective injection is made as follows: Take the yolks of 
two eggs and a tablespoonful of turpentine, beat together thor- 
oughly and put into a quart of hot water. After the bowel is 
emptied it will be well to bathe the feet in hot water, wipe dry, and 
get the patient to bed. Put hot applications across him, covering 
the whole addomen. Give warm drinks, such as Mint tea, tea 
of Virginia Snakeroot, White Root tea or something of the kind, 
to get him to sweating freely. If the pain is extremely severe, 
and especially if the doctor is at some distance, he may be given, 
if an adult, from 10 to 15 drops of laudanum. 

A. Commence treatment by giving active cathartics — Salts 
in some form are best for this purpose because they attract large 
quantities of water and thus drain the congested and inflamed 
vessels. This is the first step towards relieving the inflammation. 
To aid or hasten the laxative remedies, rectal injections 
should be given once an hour until the bowels act thoroughly. 
After this the injections may or may not be necessary. Salts in 
some form should be given often enough to secure at least one 
or two movements a day. Seidlitz Salts are equally as valuable 
as the Rochelle or Epso*n Salts, and are free from the disgust- 
ing taste produced by the latter; in fact, if a little sugar is added 
to a dose of Seidlitz Salts in half a glass of water, it tastes as 
pleasant as lemonade. 

Also -j-^o of a grain of Atropine in pill or tablet form may be 
given every two hours. This does not aid in elimination, but it 
aids in bringing the blood to the surface and in relieving the 
internal organs. It also stimulates both the heart action and 
respiration, hence is one of the best remedies to prevent ex- 
haustion and collapse, which is liable to follow. The Atropine 
may be given often enough and long enough to keep the patient's 
color normal. If the amount recommended does not keep the 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 275 

face flushed, give every hour or oftener for a few doses; if the 
pupil of the eye dilates, lessen the dose, giving once in four 
hours. 

To aid in controlling pain, hot cloths should be kept across 
the abdomen; cloths wet in hot water are best because moist 
heat can be applied at a higher temperature than dry heat. It 
will be necessary to change these every few minutes in order to 
keep the surface hot. 

If there is vomiting, put a large Mustard plaster over the 
stomach and give small quantities of milk and lime water, equal 
parts. Only liquid food should be given, but this should be 
given often. 

Absolute quiet should be maintained, as any excitement, or 
in severe cases the slightest jar, increases the pain and distress. 

If the inflammation is not broken up, but becomes general, 
the pain will be so great that the treatment described may not 
control it, and it may be found necessary to give Opium in some 
form. Both Opium and Morphine are constipating, therefore 
the use of either will necessitate an increase in the amount of 
Salts used. 

When peritonitis results from a perforating wound, or from 
the rupture of an abscess, an operation is necessary: If a wound, 
repair the damage; if an abscess, open and flush out the cavity 
with a large quantity of pure water. 

PERNICIOUS FEVER.-(See under Malarial Fevers) . 

PHTHISIS.— (See Tuberculosis). 

PILES. — (See under Anus, Diseases of). 

PIMPLES.— (See under Skin Diseases). 

PLEURISY— PLEURITIS.— Pleurisy is an inflammation 
of the pleura. The pleura is a very thin and delicate membrane 
which encloses the lungs. A little above and behind the center 
of each lung is the point where these organs are connected to the 
heart. At this point also the trachea, or wind -pipe, with its 
various branches, enters the lungs. The lungs are connected 
with the heart by means of the pulmonary artery, which leaves 
the right side of the heart, and the pulmonary vein, which enters 
the left side of the heart. When the pulmonary artery enters 
the lungs, it divides into many minute branches, which surround 
the air cells. These branches again unite to form the pulmonary 
vein. The artery is for the purpose of carrying the venous 
blood into the lungs for oxidization, and the vein returns the 
blood purified and ready to be sent out into the general 



276 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

circulation. A collection of nerve fibers which supply the 
heart — branches of what are called the tenth cranial nerves— is 
also situated at the point indicated; also the ten or twelve glands 
into which the lymph vessels of the lungs terminate. All of the 
structures mentioned are supported by a framework of connective 
tissue, and together are called the roots of the lungs. The pleura, 
after enclosing each lung up to and including the "roots," is 
reflected over the inner wall or surface of the chest cavity and 
forms a complete lining; thus there are two layers of the pleura: 
That enclosing the lungs is called the visceral layer, and that 
lining the chest cavity is called the parietal layer. The space 
between these two layers is called the plural cavity. There is no 
real cavity, however, as the two layers are in close contact. If 
the lung should become collapsed as a result of disease, a cavity 
would exist. That part of the pleura which surrounds the right 
lung, and that which surrounds the left lung, are entirely sep- 
arate ; there is no communication between them. In health the 
adjoining surfaces of the portion enclosing the lungs and that 
lining the chest cavity are smooth and glistening, and supplied 
with a serous fluid which prevents friction. The membrane in 
closed cavities, like the chest and abdominal cavity, is sometimes 
called serous membrane, hence the term, serous fluid. As stated 
above, pleurisy is inflammation of the pleura, Localized pleurisy 
often exists with pneumonia, although it may exist without 
pneumonia. Pleurisy may be acute or chronic. 

Cha?iges Occurring in Pleurisy. — During the progress of the 
disease certain changes take place. These changes cannot be 
noticed by the observer, hence are not given under symptoms ; 
yet they are of importance in conveying a more thorough and 
practical understanding of the disease. 

First, the vessels supplying the pleura become congested, 
and this is followed by inflammation and an increased exudate of 
the serous fluid mentioned. When the exudate is slight, the 
pleura loses its glossy appearance, and the exudate which col- 
lects on the surface resembles a false membrane. This is called 
Dry Pleurisy. Adhesions of the two layers of the pleura, that 
which surrounds the lungs and that which lines the chest cavity, 
are apt to take place at one or more points. Sometimes there is a 
large amount of the fluid exudate. This compresses the lung 
and leaves a space between it and the chest wall. This space is 
filled or partially filled with the fluid. When the patient stands 
or sits upright, the fluid forms at the bottom and extends 
upward, the height depending upon the amount. The fluid causes 
a bulging of the chest wall at the point where it occurs. This 
bulging or fullness is plainly noticeable. When the patient lies 
down, the fluid extends to a higher point, and causes bulging on 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 277 

the side in which it may occur. This fluid may be absorbed or 
partially absorbed, and the diseased area become organized; that 
is, fibrous bands are sent through the diseased part as a result of 
new tissue growth. In this case adhesions would form between 
the membrane which surrounds the lung and that lining the chest 
cavity. Such adhesions are permanent. Later, however, as a 
result of constant motion, the result of respiration and other 
exercise, the two surfaces may be more or less separated, leaving 
one or more fibrous bands to indicate the point of attachment. 
Such bands are not apt to cause any inconvenience. In all forms 
of pleurisy the membrane is apt to remain more or less thick- 
ened. Where fluid collects as a result of pleurisy, it is called 
Pleurisy with Effusion. Sometimes the fluid exudate contains pus, 
or is converted into pus. This is called Empyema. 

Cause. — Acute pleurisy may result from a broken rib, wounds 
which penetrate the chest cavity, or from pneumonia. It may 
follow the infectious diseases, or it may be caused by extension 
of pericarditis — inflammation of the membrane which enclosed 
the heart — or may be caused by irritants resulting from unhealthy 
blood, the same as that which sometimes causes acute inflamma- 
tory rheumatism. 

Symptoms— There may or may not be a chill or sense of 
chilliness. There is sharp pain, usually at or near the nipple of 
the affected side. There is a short, dry cough, which produces 
pain, therefore the patient coughs as little as possible. Respira- 
tion is rapid and short because breathing also increases the pain. 
The disease is outside the lung, hence there is no increase in the 
expectoration. There is moderate fever. The pain is caused by 
the rasping together of the two roughened surfaces of the pleura. 
As soon as effusion takes place (see Changes Occurring in 
Pleurisy), the pain ceases because the surfaces are separated. 
At first the patient lies on the sound side, because this allows the 
lung to drop away from the chest wall and relieve the pressure 
on the affected side; after the effusion he lies on the affected side, 
because the fluid prevents friction and this position gives him a 
better chance to exercise the sound lung. The disease usually 
occurs only on one side. If on the left side, the effusion crowds 
the heart toward the right; if on the right side, it crowds the 
heart toward the left. In either case the heart action becomes 
embarrassed as it is more difficult for the organ to expand and 
contract. With the absorption of the fluid the patient gradually 
enters the convalescent state. Where absorption takes place, the 
disease lasts from eight to twelve days; where pus forms, the 
disease is prolonged. The pus may break into the lungs and be 
expectorated, may break externally like any abscess, or may 
remain in the pleural cavity. In health if the ear is placed 



2 yS FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

against the chest, breathing sounds can be plainly heard, because 
the lungs, or the pleura which surrounds them, is in direct 
contact with the chest wall, and with each respiration the pleura 
moves with a gliding motion over the inner surface of the chest 
cavity; but where either fluid or pus is present, such sounds 
cannot be detected over the area of effusion because the fluid or 
pus causes a separation of the affected portion of the lung. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Put the patient to bed 
and apply external heat. Give hot drinks and produce profuse 
perspiration. Give a large dose of Castor Oil, or other active 
cathartic. Place a large Mustard plaster over the affected side 
to act as a counter-irritant. Aconite and Veratrum are more or 
less common household remedies, and if at hand, give either the 
Tincture of Aconite or Fluid Extract of Veratrum in i- or 2 -drop 
doses every hour to aid in producing sweating. This treatment 
tends to cause active elimination both by the bowels and skin, 
and equalizes the circulation, thus relieving the congested and 
inflamed part. 

To relieve the pain, some recommend a broad bandage to be 
bound tightly around the chest wall, as this lessens the lung 
action and relieves irritation. We think a better way is to take 
strips of adhesive plaster, about two inches wide and long enough 
to go a little more than half way around the body. Commence 
at the bottom of the lung on the affected side. Have the patient 
exhale all the air he can, and then quickly apply several strips 
of the adhesive plaster, each one drawn tightly and overlapping 
the one below. Repeat this until the side is firmly strapped up 
to and a little above the affected point. This will better control 
the action of the affected lung and leave the sound lung free. 

In all forms of Pleurisy good ventilation should be secured, 
also good hygienic surroundings and the most nourishing food. 

The foregoing treatment thoroughly applied will control 
many cases of pleurisy. If the case does not respond to treat- 
ment, a doctor should be called. While the reader will not be 
able to apply the treatment given by the physician, such treat- 
ment is presented here with a view of giving a clear understanding 
of the case. 

A. Pilocarpine is recommended by some and may be given to 
the strong and robust. It is one of the most active remedies to 
eliminate by the skin. One-fourth grain may be given with a 
hypodermic needle, the dose to be repeated in one hour if free 
perspiration has not been obtained. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 279 

When the fluid causes pressure upon the heart, its action 
may become weakened. In such case some heart stimulant 
should be given. One- twentieth of a grain of Strychnine in pill 
or tablet form may be given every three hours, if needed; or 2 
drops of Fluid Extract of Digitalis. 

If fluid forms and is not absorbed, it should be removed by 
an aspirating needle. This is simply a long, hollow needle, 
which is plunged through the chest walls between the fifth and 
eighth ribs. To insure more rapid and complete absorption, the 
Iodides should be given — 1 teaspoonful of the Syrup of Hydri- 
odic Acid between meals and at bedtime; or, if the patient is pale 
and anaemic, give Iodide of Iron — ^ of a grain between meals 
and at bedtime. 

Whenever pus forms it should be removed at once. Where 
pus is present it is often necessary to make an opening through 
the chest wall with a knife to allow free evacuation of the pus. 
If the pus is fetid or foul smelling, the cavity should be washed 
out with some disinfectant solution. Peroxide of Hydrogen, or 
a weak solution of Carbolic Acid, or a solution of Boric Acid 
should be used, and afterwards the cavity washed out with 
pure water. If pus forms, the discharge is apt to continue for 
some time, hence free drainage is necessary. If the disease con- 
tinues long, tonics are needed. 

CHRONIC PLEURISY.— Chronic Pleurisy may result 
from tumor growth in the chest cavity, from tuberculosis of the 
lungs on other part of the body, from Bright' s disease, or from 
the prolonged use of alcohol. If pus forms in Chronic Pleuiisy, 
the treatment is the same as that already mentioned. 

PLEURO-PNEUMONIA.— (See Pneumonia). 

PNEUMONIA.— (See under Lungs, Diseases of). 

POLYPUS. — A polypus is a small tumor with a narrow 
base which springs from mucous membrane. There is distension 
of some part of the membrane, and the distended portion is filled 
with a soft, gelatinous growth. Polypus is most frequently 
present in the nose. It is said to occur in the middle and exter- 
nal ear, but its presence there is not often met. Occurring in 
the nose it is not painful, and unless accidentally discovered the 
growth will escape notice until its size produces mechanical 
obstruction. 

Cause. — The cause of polypus, when occurring in the nose, 
is chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal 
cavities — the condition known as catarrh. Undoubtedly the con- 
dition is often largely influenced by septic or unhealthy blood. 



2 8o FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

The exciting cause may be colds or damp air. Following con- 
gestion and inflammation, there is first a thickening of the 
mucous membrane. Frequent and energetic blowing of the nose 
has a tendency to cause the membrane to bulge forward at some 
point where it is weakest, and that is why polypus most fre- 
quently occurs in the nasal cavities. The mucous membrane 
becomes separated from the tissues beneath and the space is filled 
with exudate from the distended vessels. The nourishment from 
such exudate is poor, and while Nature tries to supply the cavity 
with new tissue, in most cases it succeeds but partially, and the 
result is a soft, gelatinous formation. After the membrane 
becomes separated from its normal position, the distension con- 
tinues at its distil or outer portion, while the point of original 
separation remains and forms what is called the pedicle. The 
shape of a polypus conforms to the shape of the cavity in which 
it occurs. Occasionally the polypus is of firmer growth — firmer 
than the variety mentioned here. It may contain considerable 
connective tissue and blood vessels. 

Treatment. — 

Removal, either with caustics or a knife applied to the base; 
or, what is usually more convenient is a loop of wire worked up 
over the growth to the base, or point of attachment. By tight- 
ening the loop after it is in position the growth is easily severed. 

PRICKLY HEAT.— (See under Skin Diseases). 

PROLAPSUS ANL— -(See under Anus, Diseases of). 

PROLAPSUS UTERI. — (See under Women's 
Diseases) . 

PROSTATE GLAND, ENLARGEMENT OF.— The 

prostate is a gland consisting of two large lobes and one small 
one. At its greatest diameter it is about i% inches wide, 
about i inch long and ^ of an inch thick. Its weight is 
about five drachms. It is situated beneath and partly surrounds 
the neck of the bladder. It is composed of connective tissue 
and muscle fibers, and contains numerous small glands with 
excretory ducts. Its under surface is in connection with 
the rectum. Its use is not known. In many cases in middle 
and advanced life this gland becomes very troublesome by reason 
of its enlargement. The enlargement is called Hypertrophy of 
the Prostate. The trouble is caused by the pressure of the gland 
upon the neck of the bladder — the commencement of the urethra. 
As the gland enlarges it presses upward and raises the neck of 
the bladder, forming a sack of greater or less dimensions and 
resulting in retention of urine. The pressure causes frequent 



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i, Arteries supplying Neck and Brain. 2, Large Artery arising from 
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5, Left Kidney. 6, Left Ureter. 7, Bladder 8, Left Lung. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 281 

desire to urinate, and at the same time the bladder is not entirely 
emptied. The bladder enlarges in proportion to the amount of 
urine retained. In some eases the opening may be so firmly 
closed as to cause great distension and agonizing pain. This can 
be relieved only by artificial means. The effects of the dilated 
bladder may travel up the ureter and check the flow of urine 
from the kidneys, causing great enlargement of these organs 
also (seldom). 

Symptoms. — In eighty per cent of such cases the symptoms 
are very light and there is no serious enlargement. In the 
severer forms there is frequent desire to urinate, and with the 
amount of urine retained in the bladder it may cause inflamma- 
tion. Acute inflammation does not often occur; however, the 
walls of the bladder may become very much thickened, and the 
bladder itself permanently distended. Where inflammation 
occurs and is severe, the urine will contain blood and thick ropy 
mucus, giving it a dark and cloudy appearance. 

Treatments. — 

A. One important feature is to remain quiet. The act of 
walking is especially irritating to the gland and increases its size, 
and also irritates the bladder. Avoid extremes of heat and cold. 
Avoid alcohol. Give particular attention to digestion and to the 
condition of the bowels. If there is inflammation of the bladder, 
give Salicylate of Soda — 10-grain doses every three hours — or 
Salol, 10 grains every three hours. If there is much difficulty in 
urination, it will be necessary to use a catheter. The patient 
should be taught how to use it, for with this means of security 
relief can be had at any time he is unable to urinate naturally; 
otherwise the bladder might become greatly distended before a 
doctor could be reached, and such distension would be followed 
by excruciating pain. 

B. Saw Palmetto. Take in teaspoonful doses after meals 
and at bedtime — four doses a day. — (57). 

C. Fluid Extract of Saw Palmetto — one teaspoonful three 
times a day. — (41). 

PUERPERAL FEVER. — (See under Women's 
Diseases). 

PUERPERAL CONVULSIONS.— (See under 

Women's Diseases). 

PUTRID SORE THROAT.— This means Diphtheria. 
(See Diphtheria). 



282 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

PUSTULE, MALIGNANT.— This disease affects animals, 
and is sometimes communicated to man. In cattle it is often 
called Black Leg, because the swelling is so great and the circula- 
tion is interfered with to such an extent that the tissues become 
dark. It is very fatal. In man it resembles carbuncle, but is 
much more severe, and is called Malignant Pustule, Anthrax or 
Wool Sorter 's Disease. The last name is given because those who 
handle wool, hides, etc., are more liable to take the disease. It is 
contagious, and the poison which inhabits the hides and wool may- 
be conveyed to those who are engaged in this work. It affects 
the skin and deeper structures in the form of a gangrenous 
inflammation. First there appears a small swelling, which rapidly 
increases in size, turns dark in color and becomes gangrenous. 
If continued, there soon appears a fetid discharge of blood and 
pus. 

Cause. — The cause is a specific poison or virus. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms are swelling, pain, bronchitis 
and diarrhea, followed rapidly by a diffused gangrene. The 
tissues which surround the diseased area are greatly swollen, and 
the gases formed by the rapid decomposition of tissue produce a 
crackling sound. The tissues immediately joining the pustule 
contain vesicles filled with a bloody fluid. Constitutional symp- 
toms are present, the same as in blood poisoning. Death usually 
follows in a few days. 

Treatments. — 

A. Make as thorough and complete an excision as possible — 
cut out all the dead and diseased tissue that can be reached— and 
use antiseptics freely. Keep the bowels and skin active with a 
view to relieving the system of the poisons. Stimulants are 
also needed. The general treatment is the same as that required 
in blood poisoning. 

Note. — When the pustule occurs on a limb, amputation is sometimes 
advised. 

B. For local treatment make a free incision and follow with 
an injection of pure Peroxide of Hydrogen. 

For general treatment, the following : Take twice a day — 
night and morning — 2 drops of Carbolic Acid well mixed in a 
teaspoonful of Simple Syrup. The strength should be sustained 
by Iron and Wine, or other alcoholic beverage. The diet should 
be nutritious and easily digested. 

C. Free incision, followed by moist or wet dressings of Cor- 
rosive Sublimate — 4 grains of the Sublimate to 8 ounces of water 
— frequently changed. — (3 1 ) . 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 283 

D. First make a free incision, then introduce the point of a 
small syringe and inject into the wound Carbolic Acid diluted 
with three times its amount of water. The wound should then 
be syringed out with pure water. — (24). 

QUINSY.— (See Tonsiwtis) . 

RABIES. — This means Hydrophobia. ( See Hydropho- 
bia). 

RELAPSING FEVER.— (See under Malarial Fevers) . 

REMITTENT FEVER. — (See under Malarial 
Fevers). 

RHEUM AT ISM, MUSCULA R.— Rheumatism is a 
painful condition of the muscles and joints. The muscles are 
affected most because they are subjected to greater strain, in 
fact, it is the muscles that move the joints. When the muscles 
are affected, it is called Muscular Rheumatism. The muscles that 
are used most are affected most. 

Lumbag'O. — First come the muscles in the "small of the 
back," because this part or point acts as a hinge or pivot upon 
which the body rotates and bends. This is the part from which 
the body is supported, hence there is greater strain, and this 
increases the irritation and pain. What is called the loins extend 
from the lower ribs to the hips along either side of the spinal 
column. When rheumatism affects these parts it is called 
Lumbago; in other words, lumbago is rheumatism in the small of 
the back. 

The next most frequent location is in those muscles support- 
ing the most active joints, or in any muscles doing the most 
work. 

While it is customary to speak of muscular rheumatism as 
we have done, it is not correct. The same general condition that 
produces neuralgia and other pains is the cause of rheumatism. 
If the reader should examine the fibers of an affected muscle 
under the microscope, such fibers would appear normal. There 
would be no evidence of inflammation or other trouble, showing 
clearly that the disease was in the nerve fibers and not in the 
muscle fibers. (See Neuralgia). 

Cause. — The first cause of rheumatism is indigestion and 
constipation, followed by too much acid in the circulation. 

It has been stated elsewhere that the higher forms of diges- 
tion are carried on in the circulation. Certain food elements 
produce uric acid, and this acid, meeting the oxygen from the 
air we breathe, is converted into urea and eliminated by the 



284 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

kidneys; but as a result of overeating, too much hard work, lack 
of exercise, or some other cause, the change mentioned does not 
take place and the uric acid remains an irritating substance. 
L,actic acid is believed to be the product of muscle tissue. In 
health this acid is also oxidized and converted into carbonic acid 
gas and water. The carbonic acid is eliminated by the lungs, 
and the water by the kidneys, but indigestion lessens oxidiza- 
tion, and the lactic acid also remains and accumulates in the 
circulation. The delicate nerve fibers and other tissues being 
constantly bathed with these acids, become irritated, and irrita- 
tion increases until actual pain exists. As evidence of the truth 
of this statement, we have but to remember that during an attack 
of rheumatism, perspiration, which is normally alkaline, is now 
highly acid. This is the cause of rheumatism, whether it affects 
the joints or muscles, or whether it is local or general, and 
this is why the alkaline treatment for rheumatism is so beneficial. 
It neutralizes the excess of acid, which relieves the irritation, and 
if there is inflammation present it gradually subsides. 

Symptom:. — The symptoms of a mild attack or form of 
rheumatism are stiffness, soreness and more or less pain. When 
remaining too long in one position, the individual upon attempt- 
ing to stand upright or move about actively finds it difficult at 
first. In a short time, however, the trouble passes away more 
or less so that free motion is established and maintained as long 
as the activity is kept up, because such activity tends to equalize 
the circulation and thus relieve the affected parts. When 
rheumatism occurs in a severer form, the stiffness and soreness 
increase to actual pain, and the affected muscles may become so 
painful that it will be found impossible to exercise them. Those 
troubled with rheumatism give a history of constipation. In the 
form of rheumatism here mentioned there is no fever. 

Sometimes the pain is sudden, sharp and piercing, and for a 
few hours or a day the individual is unable to move the affected 
muscle or muscles. This usually occurs in the side or back, and 
is called a ' 'stitch. ' ' 

Rheumatism in the muscles of the neck often causes the 
head to lean toward the affected side, as this relaxes tension and 
lessens the pain. This is called Torticollis ', or Wry Neck. 

When one has rheumatism as a result of "taking cold," it 
simply means that the cold lessens peripheral (near the surface) 
circulation, hence too much blood is retained in the internal 
organs, in the muscles and around the joints; and this sudden 
increase of blood so highly charged with these acids, acting as an 
irritant, results in pain more or less acute. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 285 

Treatments. — Muscular Rheumatism — Lumbago. 

A. Use Smart weed tea locally. 

Internally take a 5-grain tablet of Salicylate of Soda every 
hour until the ears ring; then the same dose every four hours 
until relieved. — (57). 

B. Bat sparingly of meats. Keep the bowels active. Take 
one of the kidney cures given in the Miscellaneous Medical 
Receipts, or take 20 grains of Salicylate of Soda every four 
hours, either in tablet or solution. 

C. Green Tincture of Rhus Toxicodendron — % of a drop 
four times a day. — (37) — Homeopathic. 

D. Make 10 capsules, each containing: 

Antikamnia 3 grains. 

Codeine % " 

Salol 10 " 

Take 1 every six or eight hours. — (47). 

E. Continuous heat should be applied, either in dry form by 
the means of warm flannels, or by soft, warm Iyinseed poultices. 
Take a hot bath every night before retiring. Persons who are 
subject to this disease should wear warm clothing, avoid draughts 
and guard against strains or heavy lifting. Cases often receive 
benefit from visits to some of the natural mineral springs. 

F. Moderate doses — 3 to 7 grains — of Acetanilid every six 
hours to persons of a sound heart, aided by external applications 
of heat. 

Salicylate of Soda in 20- grain doses three times a day, taken 
in full glass of water, is often effective. — (31). 

G. Baking Soda — j4 teaspoonful every four hours. Rest in 

the recumbent position. Very light diet. — (35). 

H. Oil of Wintergreen jounce. 

Sweet Spirits of Nitre 2 " 

Mix y and take 1 teaspoonful every three 
hours in %. glass of water. — (25). 

I. Heat and counter-irritants. — (33). 

J. Five grains of Muriate of Ammonia every two 
hours, dissolved in a wineglassful of water, 

or, 
Five drops Fluid Extract of Cimicifuga (Black 
Cohosh) in a glass of water. One teaspoon- 
ful every hour. — (41 ). 

K. Phenacetine 16 grains. 

Caffeine 3 " 

Give dry on tongue. Put patient to bed. 
Apply heat, followed for several days with 
Wyeth's Salicylatis, one teaspoonful every four 
hours, or Potassium and Iyithium tablets, 10 
grains every two hours.. — (26). 



286 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

L. Iodide of Potash 2 drachms. 

Elixir Salicylic Compound 4 ounces. 

Dose. — Teaspoonful between meals and at 
bedtime. — (28). 
M. Citrate of Potash, 60 grains (teaspoonful) a day 
in lemonade, 

or, 
Baking Soda, 100 grains a day. 

Blister plasters shorten the attack. — (24). 
N. Give, either in solution or pill form, Cimicifuga 
(Black Cohosh) or Colchicine, the third dilu- 
tion. — (56) — Homeopathic. 

O. Take hot baths with 2 or 3 pounds of washing 
Soda dissolved in each bath. — (32). 

P. Salicylate of Soda, 20 grains in capsules No. 8. One 
every four hours, 

or, 

Tongaline liquid, 5 ounces. Teaspoonful in hot water three 
or four times a day. — (20). 

Q. 20 drops Oil of Wintergreen every four hours, 

or 

Acetanilid 5 grains. 

Caffeine Citrate 1 

Dose to be repeated every three hours.— (41 ) . 

R. Sulphur 1 ounce. 

Saltpetre y z " 

Gum Guiac % " 

Colchicum root (or seed) % " 

Nutmegs % " 

Pulverize and mix with 2 ounces of Simple 
Syrup or molasses. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful every two hours 
until the bowels move rather freely; then three 
or four times daily. — (73). 

Concerning the Remedies Recommended Above. — It 

will be noticed that nearly all of the foregoing remedies contain 
Salicylic Acid. Both Salol and Oil of Wintergreen contain a large 
percentage of Salicylic Acid. Elixir of Salicylic Compound, 
Tongaline and Wy elk's Salicylates also contain Salicylic Acid, 
hence there is no difference in these remedies except the 
variation in the amount of Acid. Baking Soda> Citrate of Potash 
and Mu?iate of Ammonia contain no Salicylic Acid, therefore 
they are less valuable; yet they neutralize the excess of acid in 
the circulation and in the tissues, and in this way lessen the 
irritation and aid the patient in recovery. Colchicine contains no 
Salicylic Acid, yet it increases the eliminations of all of the 
tissues of the body and of the digestive tract, hence is valuable 
in freeing the system of all irritating material, and is especially 
recommended for those who are fleshy and those who take but 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 287 

little exercise. In this class of cases it is a valuable remedy to 
give in combination with the Salicylates. Acetanilid contains 
no Salicylic Acid, but it possesses antiseptic properties and also 
has a tendency to lessen the pain, therefore aids in controlling 
the disease. Citrate of Caffeine is a heart stimulant. In many 
cases this might be valuable in increasing the force of the circu- 
lation and aiding in giving physical power. Spirits of Nitre 
increases the activity of the kidneys, and therefore aids materially 
in eliminating the waste and irritating matter which cause the 
disease. Hot Baths are valuable because they aid in elimination. 
Sulphur aids in elimination both by the skin and bowels. The 
action of Saltpetre is the same as Spirits of Nitre. Salicylic Acid 
is somewhat irritating, if taken clear, hence the various forms 
of combination. Salicylic Acid is generally recognized to be 
more valuable than any other known remedy in the treatment of 
rheumatism, either acute or chronic, and, speaking from our own 
personal experience, we can heartily recommend this claim. 
Whenever the ears sing, take less — perhaps only half the amount. 

RHEUMATISM, ACUTE ARTICULAR— INFLAM- 
MATORY RHEUMATISM OF JOINTS. — Rheumatism 
of the joints differs from muscular rheumatism. It is an acute 
form and very painful. Bvery joint is held in position by liga- 
ments, and the joints, including the ligaments, are enclosed in 
a thin membrane in the form of a short, wide tube. The mem- 
brane is attached at either end to the margin of the articular 
surfaces of the bones forming the joint (see description of 
Joints). In acute rheumatism of a joint the irritation increases 
the blood supply, and there is swelling and redness in proportion 
to the increase in the circulation. The more vascular the part, 
i. e., the more blood vessels it contains, the greater the swelling. 
The swelling causes pressure and the pressure causes pain. 
With the increase in blood supply, there is an increase in tissue 
change, hence the increase in the temperature, because animal 
heat depends upon tissue change. This gives what are called 
the four cardinal symptoms of inflammation — swelling, redness, 
heat and pain. 

Cause. — The underlying cause is the same as that which 
produces muscular rheumatism. The exciting or immediate 
cause may be too much hard work, may be injury, slight or 
severe, or may result from atmospheric changes — damp air or 
rainy weather. In any case the result is the same, i. e. } too 
much blood is directed to the affected part, and blood so highly 
charged with acids and other irritants causes congestion and 
inflammation. 



288 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Symptoms. — Pain and soreness, which increase rapidly and 
soon result in inflammation and swelling. The temperature is 
high, the pulse is rapid, the perspiration is highly acid and its odor 
is sour; even the saliva is highly acid. The urine is scanty and 
high-colored, and may contain albumen. The surface over the 
affected joint is hot, and the normal color of the skin is more or 
less reddened. As the disease increases, the slightest movement 
causes excruciating pain. 

Treatment. — 

The inflammation and sensitiveness first occur in the mem- 
brane which surrounds the joint, and the inflammatory process 
extends toward the surface. The joint structures proper are not 
affected at the beginning of the attack, and it follows that if the 
disease can be checked, the joint will escape uninjured. Consti- 
pation usually exists; whether this is the case or not, give an 
active cathartic. 

The patient should be put to bed and absolute quiet main- 
tained. Place a rubber blanket under the affected joint, allowing 
it to hang over the side of the bed and into a pail or pan — some- 
thing large enough to hold considerable water. Now secure a 
piece of flannel large enough to wrap the whole joint and so that 
the border will extend for some little distance above and below, 
and wet this in cold water — the colder the better. Wrap the 
wet flannel carefully, yet firmly, about the affected surface, and 
continue the cold by pouring cold water upon the bandage every 
twenty minutes, day and night. The water will drain into the 
pail or pan. 

As soon as there is thorough action of the bowels, give 10 
grains of Salicylate of Soc 1 . every two hours until the ears sing, 
then every four hours. The patient should also diet two or 
three days — going without all food for twenty- four hours is still 
better. This treatment, thoroughly applied, will arrest the 
disease in nearly every case. If the patient is very fleshy, y^g- 
of a grain of Colchicine might with advantage be added to each 
dose of the Salicylate of Soda. 

RHEUMATISM, CHRONIC— Chronic Rheumatism of 
the joints does not usually follow the acute, but rises insidiously 
in people who have suffered from exposure, improper food, 
overwork and other hardships. In chronic inflammation the 
cartilages covering the articular or adjoining ends of bones may 
become destroyed and the exposed bones become irregularly thick- 
ened; also the capsule or membrane enclosing the joint and the 
ligaments which support it, may become fibrous and contract. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS, 289 

The prolonged irritation causes a low form of inflamma- 
tion, and the same change takes place here as elsewhere. There 
is an increase in the connective tissue framework. I^ater this 
contracts, deforms the joints and limits motion. The contracting 
fibers cause pressure, aiding in the destruction of cartilage, 
ligament and other normal tissue; and sometimes during these 
degenerative changes the ligaments which support the joint 
soften, allowing certain muscles which are attached near the 
joint to contract, thus causing deformity. Sometimes tendons 
and ligaments about joints become filled with the lime salts of 
which bone is formed; this results in a stiff joint. Pus does 
not form. 

In some cases the joint structures are not destroyed. The 
joint remains slightly swollen, is more or less stiffened, and the 
muscles which surround it are more or less shrunken and wasted; 
but there is no fever and no discoloration. If the joint is movable, 
such movement gives a creaking sound, and the tendons and 
ligaments of the joint produce crepitation (crackling) in the 
sheath or membrane which surrounds them. 

Treatment. — 

The best treatment for chronic rheumatism of joints is 
hot air. A temperature of 300 or 500 degrees may be applied. 
Hot air dilates the small vessels and brings the blood to the 
surface where it is applied, and thus relieves the congestion 
and inflammation beneath. This causes the blood to flow 
through the part, relieves the pressure and stops the pain. 
Adhesion and accumulation are also broken down and removed, 
thus preventing stiff joints. There is an active discharge through 
the skin, and the removal of waste relieves the irritated nerves. 
The improvement in the circulation stimulates the natural 
activity, nutrition is increased, the heart is strengthened and 
the brain relieved. Massage is also of benefit. 

Massage stimulates the circulation with the same results as 
hot air, although it is much more limited in its effects. Electricity 
applied by the interrupted, or Faradic, method is only a means 
of massage. The advantage from the interrupted current comes 
from the fine, vibratory, massage-like effect; in other words, 
from the mechanical effect and not from the electricity. The 
remedies which should be used are laxatives and antiseptics. 
Digestion must be improved. Hot air or drug medication 
will be more effectual if administered by one skilled in their 
application, but what every one and any one can do is to guard 
against all forms of excess and keep the eliminative organs active, 
and they will not be troubled with rheumatism. 

19 



290 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

In the great majority of cases the hot air treatment cannot be 
applied for want of conveniences. The next best thing is the 
internal use of Iodides in some form. Syrup of Hydriodic Acid 
is pleasant to take and is as effective as Iodine in any other form. 
One teaspoonful may be taken three times a day—between meals 
and at bedtime. This may be continued for three or four weeks 
at a time, then skip a week or two and take again. If there is a 
catarrhal condition of the eyes, it is evidence that the dose is too 
large; in this case, take half the amount. Also take 10 grains 
of Salol, or 10 grains of the Sulphocarbolates (see Index), three 
times a day. Five-drop doses of Fowler's Solution, taken with 
the meals, is also valuable. At any time that there is evidence 
of an increase in the trouble, take any of the remedies mentioned 
under Muscular Rheumatism. 

Recommended Treatments for Stiff Joints. — 

A. The best internal remedy is Black Cohosh. Take the 
root and steep it and drink freely of the decoction; or, if the root 
is not procurable, the tincture or fluid extract may be purchased 
at a drug store. The dose of the tincture would be from 10 to 
15 drops three times a day; of the fluid extract, from 5 to 10 
drops three times a day. 

For an external remedy, use the following: 

Tincture Iodine 4 ounces. 

Water of Ammonia 4 " 

Mix, let stand a few hours and apply, rub- 
bing in thoroughly. The more time spent in 
making the application, the better. 

Any treatment for Rheumatism, to be effective, must be 
persisted in for a long time. 

B. Oil of Wintergreen 1 drachm. 

Ammonia Liniment 2 ounces. 

Mix together, rub well into the joint and 
cover with flannel. 

Salol 2 drachms. 

Divide into 10 powders. Take 1 every three 
hours.— (59). 

C. Ether 1 ounce. 

Oil of Cajeput 1 " 

Benzine 4 " 

Local application, 

or, 

External application of Gasoline.— (55), 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



291 



D. John White, Harbor Beach, Michigan, had rheumatism 
in foot. After two doctors had failed in treating him, he used 
the following remedy and it cured him: 

Spirits of Turpentine 1 pint. 

Alcohol 1 " 

Camphor Gum 1 ounce. 

Saltpetre 1 " 

Beef Brine 1 pint. 

Heat the beef brine until it comes to a boil 
and take off scum, then mix all together. Ap- 
ply three or four times a day, rubbing it in 
well, or until the flesh is red. In addition take 
something to keep the bowels open. 

E. Ten grains Salicylate of Soda every two hours. Cotton 
batting and oil silk to joints, — (39). 

RHEUMATISM, GONORRHEAL, OF THE 
JOINTS. — There is another form of joint trouble, called 
Gonorrheal Rheumatism. This is not Rheumatism, however, but 
is caused by poisons in the blood resulting from Gonorrhea. It 
is not frequent in the early stages of gonorrhea, but when 
occurring is most frequent in the latter stages — in Chronic 
Gonorrhea. 

Cause. — That already given — septic or poisonous material 
resulting from gonorrhea, carried by the circulation. The 
exciting or immediate cause is the same as the exciting or 
immediate cause for joint rheumatism proper. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms are somewhat different from 
those of gonorrhea. In order to show the symptoms to better 
advantage or make them more easily understood, we give them 
side by side: 



Gonorrheal Rheumatism 
of Joints. 

Fever is slight. 

Lasts for several weeks or 
months. 

Gonorrheal has a tendency to 
occur again and again. 

The perspiration is normal, 
that is, alkaline. 

Heart complications are un- 
usual. 

The joint may suppurate. 

There is a history of gonor- 
rhea. 



Inflammatory Rheumatism 
of Joints. 

Fever is high. 

Lasts about one week. 

Inflammatory has not. 

Perspiration is not normal, 
but highly acid; even the saliva 
is acid. 

Heart complications are fre- 
quent. 

The joint does not suppurate 

There is no history of gonor- 
rhea. 



292 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment.— 

Until recent years this disease was most difficult to control, 
in fact, there was no treatment that seemed to produce much 
effect. More recent developments, however, have shown that the 
following may be relied upon. By many who have had large 
experience the following remedies are said to give the most 
satisfactory results, and we are assured the disease may be con- 
trolled by such treatment: 

Sulphide of Calcium... l / 2 grain, pill or tablet. 

Take from four to six times a day. Give at the same time 
5 drops of Fowler's Solution in a little water. If there is much 
effusion in the joint, it should be drawn off with an aspirating 
needle. If pus forms, the abscess should be opened at once, 
washed out with an antiseptic solution, and proper drainage 
maintained. 

SCIATIC RHEUMATISM— SCIATICA- 
NEURALGIA OF THE SCIATIC NERVE.— These and 
perhaps other terms are applied to painful conditions of the 
sciatic nerve. This nerve is the largest nerve in the body. It is 
a continuation of nerve fibers having their origin in the lower 
part of the spinal cord. At its greatest width it measures ^ of 
an inch, and is said to be capable of sustaining a weight of 175 
to 200 pounds. Its great size and length is the reason why 
affections of this nerve are so painful and persistent. 

The sciatic nerve leaves the pelvic cavity through a small 
opening situated rather low down and toward the back part of 
the hip. It extends downward along the back of the thigh to a 
point a little above the knee, where it usually divides into two 
branches. It supplies the skin over the whole of the lower 
extremities, supplies the hip joint, the muscles along the back 
part of the thigh, the knee joint, the muscles of the leg below the 
knee, and the foot. 

Cause. — The same as rheumatism and neuralgia elsewhere. 
It should be remembered that the nerve fibers are supplied with 
blood vessels, the same as other tissues of the body, and that 
irritating blood causes congestion of these vessels the same as 
elsewhere. The congestion may increase to inflammation. This 
congestion or inflammation means that the vessels are thickened 
and swollen. This causes pressure, and the delicate and sen- 
sitive nerve fibers give notice in the form of pain more or less 
pronounced. This is the condition in muscular rheumatism, and 
this is why we stated that it was the nerve fibers and not the 
muscle fibers that were affected. Only for the vitalizing influence 
supplied through the nervous system, the material body would be 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 293 

dead matter, therefore Nature has designed that any irritation or 
morbid condition that tends to interfere with normal nerve action 
or obstruct the vitalizing influence mentioned, shall be made 
manifest; hence the pain. The pain is mild or severe in propor- 
tion to the danger present. The opening through which the 
sciatic nerve makes its exit from the pelvic cavity is only large 
enough to admit the passage of the nerve. The congestion and 
inflammation mentioned may be communicated to the tissues 
surrounding this opening, and this would crowd upon the nerve 
at that point and increase the pain. The same congestion and 
inflammation may extend downward and result in adhesions of 
the tissues surrounding the nerve in other situations. This 
would cause pressure and irritation and also aid in increasing the 
pain. The adhesions are in proportion to the size of the nerve, 
and this is another reason why the disease is so stubborn and 
why it fails to yield to the ordinary methods of treatment. 

Symptoms. — Pain along the course of the nerve. It may be 
most severe in the hip, at the knee, at the heel, or may include 
the whole nerve tract. Where the pain is severe, it usually 
comes on in spasms, lasting from a few hours to a day or two. 
In many cases the pain is not severe, but dull and more constant, 
leaving one point and as suddenly attacking another. Sciatica 
frequently follows Lumbago, or rheumatism in the small of the 
back, because the spinal cord only extends to the small of 
the back and the sciatic nerve is a continuation of nerve 
fibers having their origin at that point; hence when the pain 
leaves the sciatic nerve it may suddenly appear in the back or 
elsewhere. 

Treatments — Sciatica. — 

A. Mustard plasters, blister plasters, and all forms of artificial 
heat have been used in this disease. Sometimes they give relief 
and sometimes they do not. Where relief is not obtained and the 
pain is severe, some give temporary relief with Morphine. It has 
been stated that the disease is the result of irritation, congestion, 
and perhaps inflammation, therefore we believe the best remedy 
is the same as would be given to relieve congestion and inflamma- 
tion elsewhere, i.e., i-drop doses of Tincture of Aconite every 
hour; or, if the patient is strong, the same dose may be given 
every thirty minutes for two or three hours or more. We 
also recommend the following: 

Salicylate of Soda 1 drachm. 

Acetanilid ^ " 

Mix, divide into 12 powders and give 1 
powder every two hours until the ears ring. 



294 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

These powders and the Aconite may be given together. We 
have known some very stubborn cases of sciatica — cases that 
have resisted all other means of treatment — to yield to the con- 
tinued use of Aconite alone. Add 24 drops of the Tincture of 
Aconite and 1 ounce of Glycerine to 3 ounces of water. Shake 
the bottle and take 1 teaspoonful every one or two hours. If the 
patient is physically strong, he can take 1 teaspoonful every 
hour. If there is a sense of tingling, or a sense of numbness in 
the toes, fingers, hands, face or lips, it will be evidence that the 
patient should take less, say one-half the amount. Aconite is 
not recommended for those with a weak heart. 

Tincture of Aconite, and, in fact, all tinctures, fluid extracts 
and other herbs used in medicine, owe their effects largely to a 
certain active ingredient often called the active principle. They 
are also sometimes called alkaloids, glucosoids, etc., according to 
their composition. These active principles constitute but a very 
small percentage of the drug. Aconitine Amorphus represents 
Aconite more actively than the tincture or fluid extract. This 
is equally true of all active principles because they are definite in 
amount. The Aconitine Amorphus may be given in y^ grain 
doses in place of the tincture. Where it is continued for some 
time, it is often used, because it is prepared in pill or tablet 
form, hence is more convenient. We believe the Salicylate of 
Soda and Acetanilid powders are equally as valuable as the 
Aconite. 

B. Croton Oil given in a full dose (from 1 to 3 drops) is the 
best and quickest and most permanent relief of any I have ever 
used. — (30). 

C. A large Mustard plaster over the seat of pain along the 
course of the nerve. — (20). 

RICKETS — RACHITIS. — Rickets may occur before 
birth, but usually not until after. It is a condition where the 
bones throughout the body become more or less softened, either 
from the absorption of bone matter or from a lack of deposit of 
lime salts; the latter is the more common cause. The disease 
generally occurs during the first or second year, and is usually 
found in cities. 

Cause. — This disease is caused by a lack of nourishment, 
which may be the result of poor food, or of an insufficient 
amount of food. Another important factor is bad hygienic 
surroundings — bad air, lack of sunshine, unhealthy cellars, or 
small apartments inhabited by too many families. 

Symptoms. — It will be noticed that the child is weak and 
poorly nourished, teething is late, or if teeth are present they 
may become loose and fall out. Handling the child causes more 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 295 

or less pain all over the body. This is caused by the condition 
of the bones. The child is more quiet while lying down, and 
cries or worries more while being handled. 

Where the ribs join the chest bone there is a prominent 
thickening, which may readily be felt. The ribs are soft and 
bend easily — even breathing or traction of the diaphragm may 
cause the chest to become flattened, latterly or on the sides. 
This would cause the chest bones to bulge forward, giving the 
chest a narrow, wedge-shaped appearance, hence the term, ' 'pigeon 
breast." All of the bones lack development. The chest cavity 
is small and interferes with the lung power. The spinal column 
softens and the weight of the body may cause curvature of the 
spine. This curve is usually posterior, or backward, and pro- 
duces the condition known as humpback. The bones are so soft 
that the periosteum, or membrane which surrounds them, can be 
easily removed. In standing or walking the bones of the lower 
limbs become bent. The pelvic bones become deformed, and the 
bones of the head enlarged. If the disease is of long standing, 
the whole mass of bone structure becomes firm and hard. After 
the disease is cured, the bones of the head remain large as a 
result of internal pressure, and the bones of the body small from 
lack of development. The ribs or bones of the limbs may remain 
more or less misshapen as the result of muscular contractions 
when the bones were soft. This muscular contraction and the 
weight of the body causes pressure on the ends of the bones 
forming the joints, and they become more or less enlarged, hence 
the prominence at the wrist joint, elbow, ankle or knee. During 
the disease fractures usually occur from very slight causes. An 
examination of the urine will detect an abnormal amount of 
lime salts. 

The duration of the disease is about two years. However, 
with good care and proper treatment a cure should be effected in 
less time. 

Treatments. — 

A. The treatment consists of attention to diet and hygiene. 
If the child is in an unhealthy location, it should be moved — 
taken where it will receive an abundance of fresh air and sunshine. 
Every attention should be paid to a nourishing diet, frequent 
bathing, attention to the bowels, etc. The remedies to be taken 
internally are Fowler's Solution, Syrup of L,actophosphate of 
Iyime and Maltine, or a good extract of malt. Fowler's Solution 
may be taken in from 1- to 3 -drop doses, according to age, three 
times a day. Syrup of Lactophosphate of Iyime may be given in 
i-teaspoonful doses four times a day. 



296 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

The deformities should receive mechanical support in the 
way of splints and bandages. Most cases may be cared for at 
home, but should be under the attention of a doctor. 

B. Pigeon Breast. — When caused by rickets, give Compound 
Syrup of Hypophosphites with meals. Massage the chest and 
press the deformed bones back into place. — (40). 

C. Scott's Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. — (41). 

RINGWORM.— (See under Skin Diseases) . 

ROSE RASH, or ROSEOLA.— (See under Skin 
Diseases) . 

RUPTURE.— (See Hernia). 

ST. ANTHONY'S FIRE.— This means Erysipelas. (See 
Erysipelas.) 

ST. VITUS DANCE— CHOREA.— This is a disease of 
childhood, brought about by some disturbance of the nervous 
system resulting in irregular and spasmodic actions of certain 
groups of muscles. There is also more or less general weakness, 
lack of ambition and loss of power. The mind may be dull and 
the memory somewhat weakened. 

Cause. — A lack of development of the nervous system, or a 
lack of proper nourishment and support of that system. The 
child becomes weak and irritable. The exciting or immediate 
cause may be either excitement or fright. Eye strain from too 
much study is also said to act as an exciting cause. There may 
be other conditions which bring on the first spasmodic attack. 
We should remember, however, that the underlying cause was 
present before. We realize that the foregoing is somewhat 
indefinite, yet they are the causes usually given for this 
disease. Personally, we believe the real and only cause is mal- 
nutrition, or indigestion and lack of assimilation. This may be 
the result of poor food, unhygienic surroundings or too close 
attention to school studies; or if from other causes, the result is 
the same. This means irritating blood and a lack of nourish- 
ment, and gradually the vitality of the child is reduced. The 
condition may be overlooked until, as a result of some one of the 
exciting causes given, the disease suddenly develops. 

Symptoms. — Spasmodic and irregular movements of the 
voluntary muscles. The condition is made worse by an attempt 
to walk or perform any dut)'. These movements generally cease 
during sleep. First, there may be a general restlessness which 
increases until the patient loses more or less the power of co- 
ordination (see IyOCOMOTOR Ataxia), or the disease may come 
on suddenly, as stated above. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 297 

The disease may begin in the hands and arms, may include 
the muscles of the face and those of the eyes, and later extend to 
the lower extremities; it may include the head and body and 
both upper and lower extremities; or may affect the right arm 
and the left leg, or vice versa. When the head and body are 
affected, the patient moves to and fro, bending, bowing and 
jerking; when the lower limbs are affected, the gait is totter- 
ing and unsteady, the patient stumbling in attempting to walk; 
when the hands and arms are affected, the patient may not be 
able to feed himself. The muscles of the tongue are usually 
more or less affected, and this renders speech difficult and stam- 
mering. When the muscles of deglutition, or those engaged in 
the act of swallowing, are involved, swallowing is difficult. 
Watching the child or making any attempt to correct him only 
increases the trouble. 
Treatments. — 

A. The child should avoid all excitement, and should not 
be sent to school; in fact, nothing exacting should be demanded 
of him. He should never be watched, harshly criticized, or 
otherwise severely dealt with. No attention should be paid to 
his actions, or such conduct as results from the disease. The 
symptoms should be allowed to pass unnoticed, and he should be 
encouraged in the belief that he is getting better. The most 
careful attention should be paid to diet — vegetable diet is the 
best. Rice boiled for two or three hours, toast, milk, soft boiled 
eggs, beef tea made at home (see Miscellaneous Depart- 
ment) , oatmeal boiled for three hours and strained, using only 
the liquid part, and vegetables such as used in a boiled dinner, 
boiled and strained, using only the liquid part, are all valuable, 
because they are easily digested and nourishing. The following 
is a valuable internal remedy: 

Fowler's Solution ]/ z ounce. 

Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites 2 ounces. 
Maltine, or any good extract of 

Malt 6 " 

Mix by shaking the bottle. 
Give 1, 2 or 3 teaspoonfuls four times a day. Give with 
meals and at bedtime. The dose should correspond to the age 
of the child. If the appetite is not good, the child should receive 
more than three meals a day. 

B. Fluid Extract Cimicifuga (Black Cohosh), 1 drop three 
times daily. Also Fowler's Solution, 3 drops three times daily. 
Cold douche to spine, followed by brisk rubbing. — (41). 

C. Rest in bed. Not to compel the patient to lie in bed, but 
to allow him to rest at pleasure. Also anything to interest him 
and divert his mind. — (39). 



298 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

SALT RHEUM.— (See under Skin Diseases). 
SCARLATINA.— (See under Eruptive Fevers). 
SCIATICA.— (See Rheumatism, Sciatic). 
SCROFULA. — (See Tuberculosis of the Lymph 

GLANDS) . 

SCURVY— SCORBUTUS.— In this disease there is con- 
gestion of all mucous membrane, also of the deeper layer of the 
skin covering the body; hence slight hemorrhage may occur in 
various places, giving to the skin a spotted appearance. The 
gums are apt to be swollen and bleed easily. There is always 
languor and more or less prostration, and rheumatic pains are 
scattered throughout the body. What is called "Button Scurvy" 
is a disease caused by poor food and depraved nutrition. Slight 
growths of papules appear in the skin which are thought to 
resemble a button, hence the term. In all forms of scurvy there 
is a morbid condition of blood, always aggravated by lack of 
cleanliness. In the past scurvy is said to have occurred most 
often on ship board, although in earlier years it occurred in badly 
fed armies and in besieged cities. 

Catise. — Long continued use of salted meats, or rather, the 
absence of vegetable foods. This disease is also largely influ- 
enced by bad hygiene. Absence of vegetable food and unhealthy 
surroundings will produce scurvy in a previously healthy man. 
It may follow protracted fevers. In children it is said to have 
been caused by some kinds of infant foods. When scurvy first 
appeared in the United States army, some time ago, the govern- 
ment issued canned fruits and vegetables to the soldiers and 
sailors with most excellent results. This plan or arrangement, 
together with better sanitation in camp life, has driven scurvy 
out of the field. To-day it is practically unknown to any extent. 

Symptoms. — There is general weakness, languor, and lack of 
ambition; the skin becomes rough and pale and presents a muddy 
appearance; the gums are swollen and bleed easily; there may 
be small hemorrhagic patches beneath the skin; the eliminations 
from the digestive tract contain blood; the breath is offensive; 
the lips are pale; the eyes are sunken and may be encircled with 
dark lines; the face frequently bloats; the urine is high-colored 
and its odor is offensive; the heart is weak and fluttering, and 
there is shortness of breath. Occurring in children, they are 
anaemic and irritable and remain quiet — dislike to be handled. 
There is soreness about the joints, and congestion of the mucous 
membrane in the mouth, increasing to a profuse flow of saliva. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 299 

Treatments. — 

A. First, free elimination from the digestive tract, followed 
by antiseptics, such as Salol or the Sulphocarbolates. These 
cases either require a change of air or improved hygienic 
surroundings. The food should consist of fruit juices, fresh 
vegetables, milk, broths from fresh meats that are cooked but little, 
etc. The treatment for children and adults is the same. Where 
children are anaemic and very pale, Syrup of Iodide of Iron will 
improve the condition. This is also true with adults. In most 
cases but little drug medication is needed. 

B. Maltine.. 4 ounces. 

Liquid Peptonoids 4 " 

Mix, and take 1 dessertspoonful after meals.— (47). 

SEA SICKNESS. — Sea Sickness is a distressing disease 
occurring on ship board. It is characterized by dizziness, intense 
nausea, vomiting and extreme prostration. 

Cause. — The primary or first cause is the motion of the 
vessel — the alternate rising and falling of the bow and stern. 
The trouble is not so severe on vessels with heavy ballast because 
there is less motion. The cause is also partially explained by 
the condition of the system. Indigestion, an abnormal condition 
of the digestive tract and a lack of free circulation over the 
surface of the body, weaken the controlling powers of the nervous 
system until it is less capable of withstanding the unnatural 
motion of the ship. 

Treatments. — 

A. For several days before taking passage on ship the 
individual should pay strict attention to diet and elimination. 
Keep the bowels regular in their action, eat sparingly of light 
food, take a bath every day and rub the surface afterward 
until it assumes a healthy glow. 

If following the first indications of the trouble a horizontal 
position of the body is assumed and maintained, there is less 
danger; in fact, by this means many cases of sea sickness are 
prevented. To relieve an attack take y^- of a grain of Atropine, 
■gV of a grain of Strychnine and ^fo of a grain of Glonoin. Take 
all at a dose, and repeat every hour until the face is flushed; 
after that, take less often — perhaps once in two or three hours. 
Whenever relief follows, stop the treatment. We know of no 
better remedy that can be applied. The object is to bring the 
blood to the surface and maintain free peripheral circulation. If 
this is done, the attack will be broken up. There is nothing 
better for this purpose than the remedy named. 



300 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

B. Have the liver acted upon thoroughly for three days 
previou* to embarking, then whenever the nausea is felt, touch 
the tongue to the following: 

Strychnine I grain. 

Water 4 ounces. 

-(32). 

C. Sea sickness may be prevented by the following before 
taking the trip. See that the bowels are loose. One day previ- 
ous to departure take the following: 

Bromide of Potash 3 drachms. 

Simple Elixir 2 " 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful every five 
hours. — (38). 

SHAKING PALSY.— (See under Paralysis). 
SHINGLES. — (See under Skin Diseases). 
SICK HEADACHE.— (See under Headache). 



SKiN DISEASES. 



The skin forms a covering for the whole body and protects 
the deeper structures. It is usually divided into two layers: the 
outer, known as the cuticle epidermis, or scarf skin; and the 
inner, known as the cutis, corium or true skin. The corium is 
formed of connective tissue; the epidermis, or outer layer, is 
merely worn-out cells that are being cast off. The corium is 
well supplied with blood vessels; the outer layer has none. 

The corium is covered with small elevations called papillae. 
Each of these papillae, or points, is supplied with a loop of blood 
vessels. It is by means of these elevations that the sense of 
touch is made manifest. The specialized nerve fibers which 
supply them are most abundant where the sense of touch is most 
acute, as the tips of the fingers and the soles of the feet. The 
true skin is continuous at the nose and mouth with the corium, 
or deeper layer of mucous membrane; in fact, the deeper layer of 
the skin and mucous membrane are the same. This sheet of 
membrane encloses the outer surface of the body, is continuous 
through the nose and mouth, and lines the cavities in the head, 
mouth, throat, air tubes, lungs, stomach, digestive tract, collecting 
tubes of the kidney, uterus, bladder and urethra. 

The skin contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous, 
or oil, glands. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 301 

A hair follicle is a small depression in the skin. At the base 
is one of the papillae mentioned, and the loop of blood vessels 
which supplies each papillae supplies the hair with nourishment. 
Hair follicles cover more or less all parts of the body and extrem- 
ities, excepting the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. 

The sebaceous, or oil, glands, commence below the surface 
of the skin, extend toward the surface and open into the side of 
the hair follicles. These glands secrete an oily substance which 
keeps the skin smooth and the hair glossy. 

The sweat glands cover all parts of the body and extremities. 
They are most numerous in the palms of the hands and soles of 
the feet. The average amount of waste eliminated through the 
skin is about twenty-four ounces in twenty-four hours. This 
watery fluid contains from two to four per cent of solid matter. 

The hair follicles, oil and sweat glands are lined with a layer 
of cells which, by reason of their specialized nerve supply, have 
the power to secrete from the passing blood stream certain 
materials: the hair follicles, those materials which supply the 
growth of the hair; the sebaceous or oil glands, those which 
keep the skin and hair smooth and soft; the sweat glands, those 
which eliminate waste. I^arge amounts of waste are eliminated. 

In hot weather the perspiration bathes the surface of the 
body and keeps it cool. This is why animal life can exist in a 
temperature much higher than its own. When the air is moist, 
it does not readily take up more moisture from the body. This 
produces discomfort and depression, as it checks elimination. 
Such weather is spoken of as muggy, humid, sultry or oppres- 
sive. This is the reason the same temperature is more destructive 
to life in New York City or Chicago than in Minnesota or any 
section where the air contains less moisture. The dry air readily 
takes up moisture from the body and thus favors elimination 
through the skin. Dry clothes do not attract heat from the 
body; wet ones do, because their temperature is lower. This 
produces chilliness, and may result in taking cold. Exercise 
produces more heat, which meets the drain made by wet clothing. 

The skin is connected with the deeper structures by a layer 
of connective tissue in the form of loose meshes. This is 
capable of great distension, as in some forms of erysipelas and 
other inflammations. 

Birth Marks. — Enveloping the body and lying just beneath 
the skin, in this loose connective tissue, is a dense network of 
small blood vessels, estimated to be capable of holding half of the 
blood in the body. Many people have what are called "birth 
marks." These are thought to resemble a leaf, strawberry or 
something of the kind, and are caused by dilatation of the blood 
vessels in this loose connective tissue. 



302 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment. — 

Birth marks are usually so deep seated that efforts at removal 
should not be made. 

Mole.— Sometimes this is merely a dark discoloration on the 
surface. In this case it is termed a mole. A mole may be 
slightly elevated. It is usually harmless. 

Treatment. — 

See treatment for warts. The same caustic applications will 
destroy moles. 

Wart. — A wart is a type of papillae of the deeper layer of 
the skin, but it is large. The papillae is overgrown and contains 
a framework of connective tissue, blood vessels and lymphatics. 
Warts are sometimes called papillomata, meaning tumors formed 
by the overgrowth of a papillae. 

Treatments . — 

A. Apply Nitric Acid to them, being careful to touch the 
wart only. — (20). 

B. Touch with any strong acid, or with Lunar Caustic, 
being careful to touch only the wart. — (32). 

Note. — Lunar Caustic is Nitrate of Silver. When brought in contact 
with animal tissue, it decomposes, leaving the Nitric Acid free to act. 

Lunar Caustic, or Nitric Acid, will destroy any and all tissue with 
which it is brought in contact. 

C. Specific Thuja applied well every day. Take 5 drops 
four times a day. This will cure all warts on man or animal. 
No failures with this treatment. — (30). 

D. Apply Thuja Tincture each day for one week. — (43). 



SKIN DISEASES. 



What are called skin diseases are not skin diseases at all, 
with the exception of itch and ringworm. The other troubles are 
simply evidence of systemic disease. This is true of eczema, liver 
spots and shingles, the same as of boils, carbuncles, dandruff and 
other conditions of a like nature, and applies even to leprosy. True, 
the skin may be more or less changed in appearance and even in 
structure, yet it is simply the evidence of some constitutional 
derangement. It is a symptom, the same as pain and fever are 
symptoms. There may be no structural change in any tissue 
following the symptoms of pain or fever; while such changes may 
occur in the skin following systemic disease, yet they all depend 
upon some constitutional trouble, hence these cases need general 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 303 

or systemic treatment. I^ocal treatment may relieve temporarily 
and make the patient more comfortable, but local treatment does 
not reach the real cause, and this is why it cannot cure. 

Eczema is the most frequent so-called skin disease, and the 
treatment of this affection will be much more satisfactory if strict 
attention is paid to digestion, elimination, regular habits and the 
avoidance of all forms of excess. 

ACNE. — This affection of the skin is the result of an 
inflammation of the sebaceous glands. It most frequently 
appears about the time of puberty. It is usually chronic in 
character. 

Cause. — Authorities state that Acne is accompanied with 
digestive disturbances and that it is often associated with chronic 
diseases — anaemia, scrofula and tuberculosis are examples. Acne 
is an external manifestation of a general disease. It is true that 
in many cases there may be no actual disease, yet there is some 
disturbance of digestion which results in a production of irritants 
in some form, and these irritants affect the terminal or outer 
ends of the peripheral nerves — those that supply the skin. Some 
irritating elements generated in the system produce their effect 
upon the nerve terminals and some do not. The same is true 
with poisons that are used in medicine. Some of the Bromides, 
Chloral, the Iodides, Belladonna or Atropine and some other 
remedies produce this same irritating effect upon the terminal or 
end nerve fibers which supply the skin, and result in a pro- 
nounced rash. Atropine irritates and "paralyzes the outer or 
distal end of the nerves supplying the glands of the throat; they 
fail to act and the throat becomes dry. It paralyzes the nerves 
governing the size of the vessels supplying the glands and the 
vessels dilate; that is why the surface becomes red. At the same 
time it paralyzes the terminal fibers supplying the sweat glands, 
and this lessens elimination. It also paralyzes the terminal nerve 
fibers which supply the iris; that is why the pupil dilates. It is 
understood, of course, that such effects are only temporary, and 
pass off in a few hours. The peculiar forms of poisons which pro- 
duce inflammation of the sebaceous glands and result in acne may 
depend upon the habits, surroundings, kind of food taken, 
mental influence, etc., and, as stated, when they occur, being 
eliminated through the skin they produce their irritating effects 
upon the nerves supplying it. This acts as a stimulant and 
results in a mild form of inflammation around the sweat glands, 
or more especially their ducts or openings. The secretions of 
the glands are increased, while the inflammation and swelling of 
the ducts prevent more or less their escape. This causes the ducts 
to become dilated and their point of opening to bulge forward. 



304 . FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

It has been stated that the effects of Atropine are only 
temporary. The reason is that when such effects are produced, 
the remedy is discontinued. The reason that the irritants which 
produce acne are constantly present is because such irritants 
are constantly being generated in the system. 

Symptoms. — The oily secretion of the gland is retained, 
but the retention is attended with inflammation. Inflamed, ugly- 
looking pimples are the result. Pustules may occur among the 
pimples. In the pustular variety of acne pustules are the rule. 
The face is the part most commonly affected, although the neck, 
back and shoulders may be subject to this eruption. 

Sometimes the color of the secretion which clogs the ducts 
varies from a white or yellowish to a grey or black, the last two 
being the result of dirt which becomes mixed with the secretions. 
This constitutes the condition known as Blackheads. 

Treatments. — 

A. Avoid fatty foods as much as possible. Also take 
regularly some saline cathartic, as Carlsbad Salt in doses of from 
i to 2 teaspoonfuls in water, daily. — (63). 

B. Get a can of Seidlitz Salts from the Abbott Alkaloidal 
Co., Ravenswood, Station X, Chicago. Take 1 teaspoonful (or 
a larger amount if necessary) every morning to keep the bowels 
regular. Bathe the face in a solution of the same Salts, say 2 
teaspoonfuls of the Salts to half a glass of water. This treatment 
will be found most excellent. The Seidlitz Salts are effective, 
harmless, and pleasant to take. 

C. Try the following: 

Hard Cider 1 pint 

Alum size of a pea. 

Keep in a bottle on your dresser and apply night and morn- 
ing. Use for a long time. — (14)- 

D. Bathe the face often and thoroughly in good soap and 
hot water, and at bedtime, after bathing the face, dust on a little 
White Precipitate and wash it off in the morning. Keep the face 
protected from wind and cold. — (10). 

E. Wash the affected parts two or three times a day in salt 
water. At night after bathing in hot water, apply the following: 

Carbolic Acid 10 drops. 

White Vaseline 1 ounce. 

A small towel wrung out of hot water, applied on retiring, 
is a good remedy. The pimples should not be squeezed or 
pressed between the finger nails. — (9). 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 305 

F. Prolonged hot bathing. Massage parts with Tar soap 
(not carried far enough to cause irritation), and stimulate the 
circulation locally with Alcohol rubbing. Keep bowels free; 
also kidneys and skin generally. — (14)- 

G. Solution Subacetate of Lead 20 drops. 

Glycerine 1 drachm. 

Lanoline.; 4 " 

Make into an ointment and rub thoroughly 
into the skin night and morning. — (20). 

H. Keep the bowels open freely every day. — (32). 
I. Diet; open bowels; fresh water. — (33). 
J. Sulphur, sixth dilution. Take in drop doses or pill form 
four to six times a day. — (3) — homeopathic. 
Especially applicable to Blackheads. — 

K. Sulphuric Ether 1 ounca. 

Carbonate of Ammonia.... 1 drachm. 

Boric Acid 20 grains. 

Water 2 ounces. 

Mix, and apply locally two or three times a 
day. 

The special value of the Ether and Ammonia is in dissolving 
and carrying away the greasy or oily accumulations which are 
apt to be present on the face, forehead, or wherever the trouble 
exists. 

BARBER'S ITCH.— (See under Ringworm). 

ECZEMA— TETTER— SALT RHEUM.— This is not 

a skin disease, but, like dandruff, is a manifestation of a systemic 
trouble. This is why it shows such a strong tendency to become 
chronic. The eruption is but a local manifestation of a consti- 
tutional disease. Eczema may attack all ages and classes. 
There is a catarrhal inflammation of the corium, or deeper layer 
of the skin. First there is congestion of the vessels supplying 
the affected part, producing redness. In this variety there is a 
slight exudate from the swollen vessels, and when the moisture 
dries it forms little scales. The scales are composed of the solid 
elements from the blood, of the new cells which have grown 
as a result of the increased blood supply, and of such other 
matter as may inhabit the skin where the exudate occurs. 

There are several forms of Eczema, as, where it occurs in 
papules or points, where the papules contain fluid, or where they 
contain pus. Sometimes the inflammation and exudate cause 
the outer layer of the skin to become detached and it is cast off, 
leaving the inflamed corium, or deeper layer of the skin, 
exposed. This gives a red appearance, which differs from the 
other forms as it is a deeper red. If the inflammation is 
20 



3o6 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

severe enough, some of the small vessels may be ruptured and 
blood may form part of the exudate. If the disease has existed 
for some time, the skin may have become thickened and hard- 
ened from increased growth as a result of the increased blood 
supply. 

Cause. — It should be remembered that a skin lesion is merely 
a symptom of disease, the same as fever is a symptom. Any 
one having eczema must remember that his system is a little 
"out of order" — that more thorough elimination is needed, and 
more attention should be paid to diet. In some cases the use of 
alcohol may have been the starting point; in others, possibly 
tobacco. Their effects would be produced by their interference 
with digestion. L,ack of exercise, too much hard work, laziness, 
or any other condition that tends to disturb the general health 
may produce eczema. 

Symptoms. — There is always itching and burning in Eczema. 
The diseased area presents no distinct outline or border, but the 
redness fades gradually into the surrounding healthy skin. The 
papules or vesicles that occur in erysipelas may resemble those of 
eczema, but erysipelas presents greater swelling, more heat, and 
the color is a deep red, tense and shiny. The inflammation is 
deeper seated. If occurring about the face, the swelling may 
close the eyes. There is fever and frequent pulse. Erysipelas 
may set in with a chill, there may be nausea, vomiting, an 
abscess may form, or in some cases delirium may be present. 
Eczema presents none of these symptoms. The trouble is con- 
fined to itching, and sometimes a burning sensation, but the 
evidence is never severe. 

Treatments. — 

A. In those cases where vesicles form, or where there is 
much moisture present, the following prescription will be found 
most beneficial: 

Salicylic Acid 10 grains. 

Subnitrate of Bismuth i drachm. 

Powdered Starch i " 

Vaseline enough to make I ounce. 

Mix thoroughly, and apply two or three 
times a day. 

This ointment will be found satisfactory in the treatment of 
most cases. Many cases will be controlled so that the disease 
will never be noticed. The most careful attention should be 
given to digestion and keeping the bowels regular. Ten grains 
of Salol should be taken three times a day. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 307 

B. Wash the diseased area with a solution of one or two 
tablespoonfuls of Bicarbonate of Soda in one-half to one wash 
bowl full of tepid water. Dry gently with a soft piece of lint or 
linen and apply Carbolated Vaseline — 5 drops of Carbolic Acid to 
1 ounce of pure Vaseline — or, better still, apply "Resinol" (pro- 
prietary) by gentle friction, and put on a piece of linen bandage. 

In addition to the above local treatment, give, for an adult, 
1 tablespoonful of McDade's Succus Alterans (proprietary) in a 
wineglassful of water three times daily. — (16) — Homeopathic. 

C. Five grains of Iodide Potassium in glass of water or milk 
between meals; also, Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, from 5 to 10 
drops in water before meals. — (10). 

FISH-SKIN DISEASE.— This is an affection in which 
discolored crusts form on the skin. These crusts overlap each 
other like the scales of a fish. It makes its appearance in chil- 
dren at the age of one or two years and continues throughout 
life. 

Cause. — The disease is believed to be born with the indi- 
vidual. 

Symptoms. — The crusts do not usually extend over the 
skin of the entire body, but appear in patches and particularly 
affect the extremities. It is a rare disease in its full develop- 
ment, A milder form, consisting simply of a dryness and 
harshness of the whole surface, with a slight scaling, is much 
more common. This disease is always chronic. 

Treatment. — 

Add 10 drops of Carbolic Acid to 4 ounces of Sweet Oil 
and apply freely to the surface. This application should be kept 
up until the scales are all removed and the part becomes soft and 
pliable, resembling healthy skin. The patient should be sus- 
tained with a carefully selected diet, and every attention paid to 
digestion and elimination. This also includes proper hygienic 
surroundings. 

FRECKLES, LANTIGO.— This affection consists of 
small, circumscribed, brownish spots the size of a pin-head, and 
sometimes larger. They usually occur on the face and backs of 
the hands. Those with light complexions are most often affected. 

Cause. — The cause of freckles is the elimination through the 
skin of certain waste products or elements which undergo chemical 
changes in coming in contact with light and sunshine, resulting 
in discoloration. Just what the change consists of is not known, 
neither is it important. 



3 o8 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatments. — 

A. Corrosive Sublimate 3 grains. 

Diluted Muriatic Acid 1 drachm. 

Alcohol 1 ounce. 

Glycerine l / 2 " 

Water enough to make 4 " 

Mix together and apply at night, or morn- 
ing and night may be necessary. Label Poison, 
and protect the eyes when applying it. Keep 
the mixture out of the reach of children. 

B. Another good remedy is as follows: 

Citric Acid 1 drachm. 

Glycerine 1 ounce. 

Apply with a soft cloth three or four times 9 
day, more or less as needed. 

C. Apply Peroxide of Hydrogen three or four times a 
day.— (7). 

D. Rosewater 4 ounces. 

Alum, pulverized 2 drachms. 

Lemon Juice 2 " 

This will permanently improve many cases of freckles. — 

(75). 

E. Tincture of Benzoin 1 drachm. 

Tincture of Tolu %, 

Oil of Rosemary 2 drops. 

Rosewater 4 ounces. 

-(75)- 

HIVES— NETTLE R A S H— WHEALS— URTI- 
CARIA. — All of these terms are applied to certain characteristic 
marks which appear in the skin following indigestion. The 
trouble is not dangerous. It usually occurs in children. 

Cause. — Indigestion, and usually lack of elimination. As a 
result of indigestion, many irritants are present in the circula- 
tion. These irritants cause dilatation in groups of small blood 
vessels which supply the skin. Such dilatation is the result of 
the paralyzing effects of the irritants upon the nerve fibers which 
control the size of the vessels. The dilatation is sudden, hence 
the rapid appearance of the spots, large or small, the size corre- 
sponding to the amount of skin supplied by the affected vessels. 
The spots are usually light in the center, and a reddish, or 
sometimes a bright red color, around the border. They may 
vary from the size of a pea to a walnut, or be even larger. 

Symptoms. — The sudden appearance of the spots. They 
may disappear as suddenly as they came, and re-appear in some 
other part. With their appearance there is a tingling, itching 
and burning sensation. Usually the child does not complain 
much. The spots are accompanied by digestive disturbances. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 309 

Treatments. — 

A. A large dose of Castor Oil, L,axol (see Index), Salts, or 
Seidlitz Salts will cure this trouble, providing the child is more 
careful about its diet. 

B. Salicylate Soda 2> % A drachms. 

Aromatic Elixir 4 ounces. 

Mix. — Dose for child five years old, ^ tea- 
spoonful in water every three or four hours; 
for adult, 1 teaspoonful every three or four 
hours. — (52). 
C. Rochelle Salts — 1 teaspoonful in V 2 tumbler of water 
every half hour until bowels are moved. — (35). 

ITCH — SCABIOUS. — Itch is caused by an animal parasite 
which burrows in the skin. These parasites multiply very fast, 
producing intense itching. The affection generally occurs on the 
hands between the fingers. 

Treatments. — 

A. The following application will cure this trouble: 

Ammoniated Mercury (also called 

White Precipitate) 40 grains. 

Sulphur 3 drachms. 

Vaseline, enough to make 1 ounce. 

Cleanse the hands, dry, and apply the oint- 
ment twice a day, or oftener if necessary. 

B. Sulphur 2 ounces. 

Lard 4 

Mix, and apply freely at night, washing it 
off in the morning. — (7). 

C. Make a stiff ointment by mixing Sulphur into Lard. 
Bathe in good strong soapsuds, dry and apply the ointment. — 

(17). 

D. Rub with Sulphur and I,ard. — (32). 

E. Wash with a weak solution of Corrosive Sublimate, 4 
grains to % pint of water. Isabel Poison and do not allow the 
solution to get into the eyes. — (n). 

F. Use Resinol Ointment. — (30). 

G. Bathe the itching parts with a solution of 1 teaspoonful 
of strong Carbolic Acid to 1 pint of water. Protect the eyes 
when using. — (8) . 

H. Carbolic Acid 10 drops. 

Water 4 ounces. 

Mix, and apply locally.— (46). 

LEPROSY. — L,eprosy is endemic, i. e., present more or 
less all the time, in many parts of the world — in the East and 
West Indies, in China, South America and southern Africa. At 



3 io FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

one time it was widely spread throughout Europe and was the 
most dreaded of all diseases, but to-day we do not fear it. We 
have learned that it is a filth disease, and modern sanitation 
practically disposes of it. 

It is not contagious, and a case need cause no fear. Regard- 
ing the non-contagiousness of the disease, and in support of 
the statement that it is bred by unhealthy surroundings, we 
quote from that recognized authority, Green's Pathology, 
page 376: 

1 ' From time immemorial leprosy has been looked upon as a 
contagious disease, and lepers have been rigorously excluded 
from social communities. A very superficial examination throws 
doubt upon this, for in many cases lepers have been found to 
live in the closest associations with healthy people without com- 
municating the disease. Many observers have maintained that 
the disease is communicable under certain conditions which are 
rarely realized. It seems more difficult to prove the contagious- 
ness of leprosy than that of consumption, and it certainly is not 
so great. 

* ' It may be noted that leprosy flourishes in all climates and 
upon all soils; that poor diet and salt fish do not appear to be 
special factors in its etiology or cause as some have thought; and 
that the disease does not seem to be hereditary, although Hirsch 
held firmly to the opposite conclusion. Children born of leprous 
parents in leprous places may acquire the disease, but so may 
outsiders entering such places. Possibly there may be some 
slight hereditary predisposition analogous to that believed to 
exist in the case of consumption. 

1 ' Observers are agreed that there is constantly present in 
all the recent primary lesions of leprosy a bacillus (germ) very 
closely resembling in its characters the tubercle bacillus. 

"The bacilli are very difficult to find, both in the neighbor- 
hood of ulcerating surfaces and in the lungs. They are said to 
occur in definite clumps (Hansen) , and to be thus distinguishable 
from tubercle bacilli. 

" Attempts to cultivate the organism have so generally failed 
that the few recorded exceptions are of little value until more 
fully confirmed. Amid conditions under which the tubercle 
bacillus will flourish the leprosy bacillus will not even grow at 
all. 

"Nor do inoculation experiments give decisive results. In 
the case of a criminal the disease followed inoculation — offered 
as an alternative to execution — but the man had up to this point 
been in frequent contact with lepers. Whether the infected 
tissue be introduced into other parts of leprous patients or into 



DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 3 1 1 

animals, the results are uniformly unsuccessful, though the 
bacilli themselves are not destroyed, for they can be found 
months afterward in the tissues." 

The external evidence of this disease is first confined to the 
skin, but later the deeper structures are involved, including 
muscle, bone and joints. In this respect it resembles what is 
called the third stage of syphilis. The first effects in the skin 
are those of inflammation, and as this continues the skin becomes 
enormously thickened. Sometimes tubercles form. These vary 
from the size of a pea to an olive. The face, chest and extrem- 
ities are affected most. 

Cause. — Leprosy is caused by poor food, want of clothing, 
filthy surroundings and a lack of elimination. Gradually the 
system is brought under the morbid influence of accumulated 
waste. The normal amount of waste is greatly increased by 
reason of the habits and surroundings of the patient. 

Symptoms. — The first appearance is a red discoloration of 
the skin. The red gradually changes to dark brown, and later 
becomes pale, soft and flabby. The affections appear mostly 
upon the chest, face, ears, hands, feet, lower limbs, and the 
external surfaces of the reproductive organs. At first the 
affected skin is painful; later it becomes insensitive. Sometimes 
nerve fibers become swollen. These swellings may surround 
the nerve for some distance, attacking first the branches that sup- 
ply the skin and later the branches that supply the muscle tissue. 
Sometimes large eruptions make their appearance on the surface. 
These may either dry, leaving insensible patches, or may be 
followed by ulcers. Sooner or later ulcers form, leading to exten- 
sive destruction, even the dropping off of fingers, toes, or a 
portion of the limb. There is an overgrowth of connective 
tissue. Later this degenerates and breaks down, forming 
unhealthy matter. 

Treatment. — 

As Leprosy is the result of poor food, lack of elimination and 
bad hygiene, it follows that it is only by correcting these errors 
that any benefit can be obtained. Regarding internal treatment, 
one of the best remedies that can be used is Fowler's Solution 
taken in proper dose. 

There is probably no treatment that will cure the disease 
after it has become established. 

LIVER SPOTS— CHLOASMA.— This so-called disease 
of the skin appears in patches of a brownish color, which may be 
any size or shape. Liver spots generally occur in those who 
have wasting diseases, such as consumption, cancer, anaemia or 
chlorosis. 



312 



FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



Cause. — The cause is the same as that given for freckles. 
Coming in contact with sunlight, a chemical change that results 
in discoloration is produced in certain abnormal elements elimi- 
nated by the skin. In liver spots a greater reason is the abnor- 
mal condition of the blood, hence the skin lacks the natural 
elements and thus aids in the chemical change produced by the 
sun's rays. This accounts for the change occurring in spots 
which correspond to the areas supplied by the terminal branches 
of certain arteries. Spots as large as the hand may occur, and 
sometimes the whole body becomes discolored. 

Symptoms. — The only external symptom is the discoloration. 
There is no alteration in the structure of the skin, yet, as above 
stated, many cells lack the normal elements and contain waste, 
which is being eliminated. Some of this waste, upon reaching 
the surface and coming in contact with light, undergoes certain 
chemical changes which result in the discoloration. The spots 
are only a local manifestation of a systemic or general disease. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment is constitutional. It consists in keeping the 
bowels regular, in nourishing diet, good digestion, regular hours 
and habits, the avoidance of all forms of excess, abundance of 
fresh air, good ventilation in sleeping rooms, etc. The following 
application may be applied to the spots once a day: 

Oxide of Zinc i drachm. 

Carbolic Acid 10 drops. 

Vaseline I ounce. 

NETTLE RASH.— (See Hives). 

PEMPHIGUS. — This is a disease of the skin of an inflam- 
matory nature which is characterized with a succession of blebs 
(see Blebs), or water blisters. It is associated with a debilitated 
condition of the general health, and occasionally results fatally. 
An acute attack may last for three weeks, or longer, but if the 
affection becomes chronic, it may run for years. 

Cause. — Same as that given for Acne, with the exception 
that in pemphigus the nerves supplying the small blood vessels 
in the skin (vaso-motor) are affected. This allows the vessels 
to dilate, hence the exudation and formation of the vesicles, as 
stated. 

Symptoms. — The acute form is attended with constitutional 
disturbances, the eruption being preceded with a chill and fever. 
The number of blebs developed vary from half a dozen to a dozen 
or more, and are filled with a fluid that soon turns yellowish and 
thickens. They usually dry up in a few days, but only to be 
succeeded by another crop, the succession being characteristic of 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 313 

the disease. The blisters are attended with a mild burning and 
itching. In very severe or malignant cases there are a greater 
number of the blisters, they attain to a larger size, run together, 
and sometimes burst, exposing a raw surface that has a tendency 
to ulcerate. 

Treatments. — 

A. The treatment is constitutional as well as local. Inter- 
nally, give Fowler's Solution in 5- or 10-drop doses at meal time. 
Care should be exercised regarding the diet, habits, hygienic sur- 
roundings, etc. The vesicles should be opened and drained as 
soon as formed, and the surface covered with some light dusting 
powder — Boric Acid or starch are often used. What is better is 
equal parts of Oxide of Zinc and Iyycopodium. Mix intimately 
by passing several times through a fine sieve. 

B. Subnitrate of Bismuth 1 drachm. 

Powdered Starch 1 " 

Salicylic Acid 10 grains. 

Vaseline, enough to make 1 ounce. 

Mix, and apply. 

Keep the bowels open and give 5 grains of the 
Sulphocarbolates 4 times a day — at meal time 
and bedtime. 

PIMPLES. — This term does not apply to any particular 
disease or condition. Acne or blackheads are sometimes called 
pimples. The rash appearing in scarlet fever, in eczema, or the 
vesicles which sometimes occur in erysipelas, may be called 
pimples. The first appearance of the rash in small-pox may 
also be called pimples. 

Treatment. — 

See under Acne. 

PRICKLY HEAT— MILIARIA.— This disease receives 
various names, according to the time of its occurrence and its 
appearance. It is said to be due to inflammation of the sweat 
glands, caused by retention of their contents, or by excessive 
sweating. There are two principal varieties: Miliaria Papulosa 
or prickly heat, in which only the papules appear, is one 
variety. These papules contain no fluid. The other variety is 
termed Miliaria Vesiculosa. Vesicles appear in this variety. The 
vesicles differ from the papules as they contain fluid. While 
this distinction is made, strictly speaking there is no dividing 
line between these two forms of the disease, for both papules and 
vesicles may, and usually do, occur in each case. First there is 
dilatation of the vascular system, that is, the minute vesicles 
about the glands become somewhat dilated and exudation is 



3 14 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

increased. The pressure prevents elimination through the ducts 
of the glands, and the glands may then become more or less dis- 
tended. The skin contains oil glands as well as sweat glands. 
The exudate from the blood vessels is alkaline. It is thought by- 
some that this alkaline exudate dissolves the oil and leaves the 
skin dry, and is one cause for the intense itching. 

Cause. — The cause is probably the same as that which pro- 
duces Eczema. In fact, some of these cases cannot be distin- 
guished from eczema, or if they are, it is a distinction without a 
difference. Some conditions known as prickly heat may be 
influenced more by hot weather than an ordinary case of eczema. 

Symptoms. — The disease usually comes on suddenly. Bright 
red papules, about as large as a pin-head, appear; sweating is 
profuse, and there is a prickling sensation — a sensation of heat 
and itching. The disease usually occurs during the summer 
months. It may last only a few days, or may last all summer 
and return the next summer. It will last until the cause is 
removed. 

Treatments. — 

A. The patient should keep in a cool, well- ventilated room, 
should diet for a few days, pay strict attention to the eliminations, 
and drink a large amount of water every day. Bathe the surface 
with a weak solution of Lead water, say y 2 ounce of Sugar of 
L,ead to i gallon of water; or bathe with a solution of Carbolic 
Acid and water. From 2 to 4 drachms of Carbolic Acid may be 
added to a pint of water and the affected spot bathed with this 
solution; follow this with clear water. Only a small surface 
should be treated with the Carbolic Acid solution the first time, 
so that the patient may learn about how long it is safe to bathe 
with it in the strength given. Following the bath the surface 
may be sprinkled with a powder made of equal parts of Oxide of 
Zinc and I^ycopodium. These should be intimately mixed by 
passing several times through a fine sieve. 

B. Sponge gently with Saleratus water, then dust the body 
with Rice powder. — (32). 

C. Bathe parts thoroughly twice a day with Distilled 
Extract Witch Hazel.— (38). 

PSORIASIS. — Psoriasis is a term applied to designate 
diseases characterized by a slight redness of the skin. There is 
never any moisture, and the surrounding skin is natural. The 
small red spots which may first appear are soon covered with 
light, silver-colored scales. Under these scales the skin is thick- 
ened from inflammation. Psoriasis is always chronic. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 315 

Cause. — The disease is both systemic and local, and the 
low form of inflammation in the affected parts of the skin is due 
to irritants present in the circulation. As a result of the inflam- 
mation there is an excess of blood present. This causes an 
increase in the tissues of the part in the form of new cells, hence 
the thickening mentioned above. Later there is an exudation 
into the diseased area. This exudation may afterward be ab- 
sorbed, together with many of the inflammatory products, and 
with proper local treatment the disease may disappear for a time; 
but it is almost sure to return. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment is both local and general. Internally, give 5 
or 10 drops of Fowler's Solution before meals; or, what is more 
convenient, put 2 drachms of Fowler's Solution into a 4 ounce 
bottle, add 1 ounce of Glycerine and fill the bottle with water. 
Mix by shaking together and give 1 teaspoonful before meals. 
The bowels should be regulated. Also give 5 grains of the 
Sulphocarbolates (see Index) three times a day. Careful atten- 
tion should be paid to diet and proper hygienic surroundings, and 
good ventilation should be provided. The patient should not 
try to work beyond his strength. On the other hand, where the 
disease affects those who perform no manual labor, or take no 
exercise, they should change their habits. They should take 
physical training, or by some means secure a reasonable amount 
of active exercise. 

L,ocally, apply the following: 

Pyrogalic Acid x / 2 drachm. 

Vaseline 1 ounce. 

Mix intimately. 

RINGWORM.— This is a parasitic affection of the skin, 
causing inflammation and eruption, and called by various terms 
according to its location and character. It derives its name from 
the way in which it is developed: Beginning at a certain point, 
the parasitic growth spreads rapidly into a circular patch, the 
peculiarity being that as the patch increases in size it heals at 
the center, thus leaving the eruption ring-shaped. It is a highly 
contagious affection. 

Cause. — Due to a minute animal parasite. Tinea means 
worm. 

Ringworm of the Body — Tinea Circinata. — This variety 
begins with a spot of pimples, small, reddish and scaly. The 
eruption may not be circular in form at the outset, but rapidly 
becomes so. , The pimples may remain scaly, or may change into 
vesicles. If there is more than one patch of the eruption v the 



3i6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

rings as they develop may run into each other, making a patch 
of rings, the circles being eruptive and the intervening skin 
normally healthy, looking at a little distance not unlike a piece 
of colored embroidery work. Circinata is confined almost en- 
tirely to children, although adults are sometimes afflicted with a 
chronic and very obstinate form of the disease about the thighs 
which is complicated with true eczema and is attended with 
intense itching. 

Ringworm of the Scalp — Tinea Tonsurans. — This form 
of ringworm is also largely confined to children. Patches of 
pimples come out on the scalp and increase in size, sometimes 
becoming as large as a silver dollar. These spots have the same 
characteristics as those developed in Circinata, with the addition 
of a stubbled appearance caused by the hair, which breaks off 
near the roots. The hair follicles, too, stand out, giving the 
pimpled appearance seen in a fowl from which the feathers have 
been plucked. It is always attended with itching, and may be- 
come chronic. Proper treatment, however, will destroy the 
parasites, and, this accomplished, the hair grows again. 

Ringworm of the Beard — Barber's Itch — Tinea Sycosis. 

— This begins with the scaly, reddish pimpled patches charac- 
teristic of ringworm, but with it is a tendency of the flesh to 
become lumpy. These lumps do not give any pain, except 
upon pressure, and if a cure is effected early, they disappear 
altogether without leaving any scar. The hair breaks off, as in 
To?isu?ans y or drops out, and the skin has a dark, purplish hue. 
If the disease is allowed to run, pustules form and discharge and 
are succeeded by thick crusts. Itching and burning are con- 
stant. It is particularly obstinate to treatment. It may be 
communicated by using the razor or shaving apparatus of any 
one afflicted with it, hence the name, Barber's Itch. 

There is also another form of Barber 's Itch of a purulent 
character. This makes its appearance in pimples of a pale 
yellowish color which maturate at the top, and which are found, 
upon examination, to be pierced with a hair. The eruption is 
preceded with a painful sensation of heat and tightness. If not 
given proper treatment, it may last for months or years. 

Honey-combed Ringworm — Tinea Favosa. — This is 
another variety of ringworm — one that is confined almost entirely 
to the lower classes. It is not very common in this country. It 
may attack the skin, the nails, or the hair and hair follicles 
— usually the latter, and is sometimes called Scald Head. It de- 
velops in crusts of a pale yellow color. These are small and 
cup-shaped, and, if affecting the scalp, the common seat of the 
disease, are each pierced with a hair. In severe or neglected 



DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 3 1 7 

cases abscesses form under the crusts. The hair loses its luster, 
becomes brittle, sometimes splits lengthwise, and breaks off or 
falls out. If the disease is not cured, the follicles will become 
entirely destroyed and permanent baldness result. When 
the nails are affected, they thicken and become brittle and are 
yellowish in color. The disease has a peculiar odor, something 
like musty straw. 

The reader can easily recognize those skin diseases which 
can be successfully treated without a doctor. They embrace the 
various forms of ringworm described, and in many respects their 
appearance is the same. The various forms of ringworm differ 
only in name and location All are caused by the same minute 
form of animal life, and all require the same treatment. They 
may commence as a small scaly surface, may be papules and later 
vesicles, or, if not treated, even pustules may form. All forms of 
ringworm differ from eczema and erysipelas as they lack the 
inflammatory appearance. When they occur on the scalp or in 
the beard, the hair is brittle and breaks off, or is easily pulled 
out. Eczema does not affect the hair. 

The most important diagnostic feature is the well defined 
border presented by ringworm, barber's itch, etc. At the edge 
the diseased patch meets the healthy skin on a definite line. 
The patch rapidly grows in size and new patches appear at 
frequent intervals. Whenever these conditions are met, the 
reader can rest assured that it is ringworm in some form — which 
form makes no particular difference. 

Treatments. — 

A. One application of the following will cure any and all 
cases: Take a piece of soft cloth and apply Formaldehyde. Be 
careful to apply only to the diseased surface and rub it in well. 
Formaldehyde can be secured at any drug store. The following 
ointment will also cure: 

Arnmoniated Mercury (also called 

White Precipitate) 45 grains. 

Sulphur 3 drachms. 

Vaseline enough to make 1 ounce. 

Apply twice a day. First thoroughly cleanse 

the surface, rub the ointment in well and allow 

the application to extend a little beyond the 

diseased border. 

B. The following simple remedy is warranted to cure any 
case: Take a good Havana cigar- — one that makes white ashes. 
Smoke the cigar and spread all over the ringworm and around 
the edges, after first having dampened the surface so that the 
ashes will stick. Keep the eruption constantly covered in this 
way. — (70). 



318 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

C. Beta Naphthol 20 grains. 

Vaseline 1 ounce. 

Mix, and rub into ringworm night and 
morning. 

D. Bathe the ringworm with warm water and dry, then 
bathe with Acetic Acid. Repeat next day if necessary. — (32). 

Barber's Itch. — 

E. Sulphur 1 drachm. 

Iodoform */ z drachm. 

I<ard 2 ounces. 

Mix well and apply once a day. — (70). 

Note. — Sulphur acts mechanically. It closes the pores of the skin and 
shuts out the air. The parasites are unable to live without air, hence soon 
die. Sulphur is harmless, and to insure success a liberal supply should be 
used — from 2 to 3 drachms to the ounce of lard. 

F. Corrosive Sublimate 5 grains. 

Water 1 ounce. 

Mix. Wet sore night and morning, follow- 
ing in five minutes with: 

Calomel x /z drachm. 

Cosmoline 1 ounce. 

Note. — A stronger solution of Corrosive Sublimate may have to be 
used — up to 10 grains to ounce of water. Always label it Poison^ and in 
using be careful to protect the eyes, nose and mouth.. — (13). 

G. Resinol ointment applied three times daily. — (45). 
H. Pack the face with gauze saturated with a solution of 
Corrosive Sublimate — 1 part Sublimate to 250 parts water. — 

(10). 

I. Carbolic Acid, strong solution 10 drops. 

Mutton Tallow 1 ounce. 

Mix, and rub together thoroughly. 
Apply lather to face and wash off, then apply ointment. 
This must be done night and morning till cured. — (14). 

J. Paint once daily with Tincture of Iodine until small 
blisters arise; then keep well anointed with Vaseline. — (4). 

ROSE RASH, or ROSEOLA.— Roseola is not a term 
that can be applied to any particular disease. Erythema or 
Roseola means a reddish discoloration. The term can be applied 
to the rash in scarlet fever, or it can be applied to any condition 
or redness resulting from mechanical irritation. 

SALT RHEUM.— (See Eczema). 

SHINGLES — HERPES. — Herpes is a name given to a 
gradual eruption of the skin and the formation of groups of 
vesicles, said to be situated on an inflamed base. The skin is 
inflamed and constitutes the base referred to. When the eruption 
takes a circular course, commencing at or near the median line 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 319 

(center of the body) in the back and extending around the waist 
to a point near the median line in front (usually on one side 
only), it is called Herpes Zoster. Herpes means creeping — the 
eruption comes out gradually; zoster means girdle — the eruption 
partially encircles the waist. 

The eruption follows the course of one or more of the nerves 
which supply the skin over the chest or waist. These nerves 
have their origin in the spinal cord, follow the course of the ribs 
on either side and meet in front. The skin covering the course 
taken by the nerves is supplied by small branches, frequently 
given off from them. 

Cause. — The cause is the same as that which produces 
rheumatism and neuralgia. As stated under Sciatic Rheumatism , 
the nerve fibers are supplied with blood vessels. The irritation 
present in the circulation first causes congestion of these vessels, 
and this causes pressure and pain. The same condition extends 
along the branches of fibers of the affected nerves that supply 
the skin, the vessels become congested, and a watery exudate 
results; hence the appearance of the vesicles. 

Symptoms. — The eruption already mentioned. There is 
also more or less pain. In some cases the patient is decidedly 
nervous. The eruption may occur in groups or bunches scat- 
tered along the course of the nerve, and is accompanied by a 
burning, itching sensation. The fever is slight. The vesicles, 
which are surrounded by an inflamed area, are usually about the 
size of a pin-head; sometimes they are considerably larger. They 
may be separated, or may run together, forming irregular 
patches. The vesicles continue until about the fifth or eighth 
day, and then gradually dry up. At the end of two weeks or 
less they have entirely disappeared. Herpes may follow the 
course of other nerves and may occur in various places during an 
attack of neuralgia. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do. — Exclude the air by some simple covering. 
Abstain from pork and all irritating articles of diet. Keep the 
bowels open with a teaspoonful each of Epsom Salts and Cream 
of Tartar, taken night and morning. Keep patient inside the 
house, and sponge the body with an alkaline wash, such as Soda 
water — 1 tablespoonful to 2 quarts of water, or Muriate of 
Ammonia — 2 teaspoonfuls to 2 quarts of water. 

If patient is in great pain, give from 8 to 10 drops of Laud- 
anum. The Laudanum may be repeated in from two to four 
hours, if necessary in order to keep the patient quiet. 

In severe cases it will probably be advisable to have a 
doctor. 



320 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

A. Give an active cathartic. The patient should diet for a 
few days. Give 10 grains of Salol or 10 grains of the Sulpho- 
carbolates four times a day — at meal time and bedtime. Eat no 
meat, but restrict to a vegetable diet only ; and avoid every 
article of food that creates any disturbance or causes the slightest 
symptom of indigestion. Where evidence of digestive disturb- 
ances are present, give the following: 

Scale Pepsin (i to 3000) 2 drachms. 

Muriatic Acid, pure }4 " 

Glycerine 1 ounce. 

Fowler's Solution %, 

Aromatic Cascara 2 drachms. 

Simple Elixir, add to 4 ounces. 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful after meals. 
Also give the following: 

Acetanilid yi drachm. 

Salicylate of Soda 1 *' 

Mix, divide into 12 powders, and give one 
powder every three hours. Fresh air is also of 
the greatest importance. 

B. Apply to the eruption the following: 

Morphine Sulphate 4 grains. 

Carbolic Acid , 6 " 

Glycerine ....o 1 ounce. 

Mix. 
Also give 5 grains of Quinine every four hours. 
-(35). 

C. Corrosive Sublimate..... 1 drachm. 

Tincture of Chloride of Iron 1 ounce. 

Mix. Touch the parts very slightly with a 
little cotton on the end of a match, then put 
cotton all around the waist and tie on with a 
bandage. Label bottle Poison. — (20). 

TETTER.— (See Eczema). 



SOMNAMBULISM — SLEEP-WALKING.— This is a 

state wherein the individual is in the habit, more or less frequent, 
of walking during sleep. The unusual condition of mind, or of 
brain, inducing such activity, prompts the individual to perform 
many acts that would be extremely difficult during the waking 
hours. The acts which are unconsciously performed during 
oleep, and which belong to the waking state, may include walk- 
ing; riding, climbing, etc. The movements are precise and 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



321 



certain. They sometimes lead the individual into positions of 
difficulty and seeming peril, but, although unconscious, he pos- 
sesses a knowledge of surrounding objects and adapts himself to 
the conditions with seeming ease, in fact, his senses are especially 
acute. 

Cause. — This has never been determined, or satisfactorily 
explained. 

Treatment. — 

Regarding treatment, very little is said along this line by 
medical writers; however, we recommend the following, which is 
perfectly harmless and may enable the individual to overcome 
this unpleasant feature: 

Bromide of Soda ^ ounce. 

Chloral 2 drachms. 

Glycerine 1 ounce. 

Simple Elixir, add to 4 " 

Mix, and take a teaspoonfnl every hour for 
three hours before going to bed. 

SPASMS.— (See Convulsions). 

SPERMATORRHEA.— (See Nocturnal Emissions). 

SPINAL MENINGITIS.— (See Cerebrospinal Meningitis 
under Brain Diseases) . 

SPINE CLEFT. — This is a dilatation, either of the mem- 
branes covering the spinal cord, or of the spinal cord and mem- 
branes together. It is congenital, i. e., exists from birth, and is 
usually accompanied with Hydrocephalus, or Water on the Brain 
(see under Dropsy). These tumors received different names, 
according to their size and the part of the cord of which they are 
formed. Sometimes they become as large as a child's head. 

Cause. — Extending from the skull downward through the 
spinal column is an opening which contains the spinal cord. A 
defect in one or more of the bones forming the spinal column 
leaves an opening through which the cord protrudes. The trouble 
usually occurs in that part of the spinal column situated in the 
small of the back. The tumor may include only the membranes 
covering the cord, or may include both cord and membranes. In 
either case there is more or less fluid present. 

Symptoms. — Presence of the tumor. Crying or coughing 
renders the covering of the tumor tense and firm. It is small at 
the point where it makes its exit through the spinal opening, its 
size corresponding to the defect in the bones. The membranes 
immediately dilate, however, and are filled with fluid the same as 
that contained in the spinal column. Situated in the center of 

31 



322 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

the spinal cord, and extending through its entire length, is a 
small opening. This is called the spinal canal; it is filled with 
spinal fluid. Sometimes this canal may become dilated. In this 
case the tumor would be formed both of the cord and its cover- 
ings. 

Treatments. — 

A. When the tumor is small, bandaging is recommended. If 
there is much fluid present, it should be drawn off with an aspir- 
ating needle and the tumor injected with a 10 per cent solution 
of Iodoform in Glycerine, or with the following: 

Iodine Crystals 10 grains. 

Iodide of Potash...., 30 " 

Dissolve in a few drops of water, and add 
Glycerine, 1 ounce. 

The purpose of such treatment is to cause an inflammation 
within the walls of the tumor, with the result that permanent 
healing will take place. 

This and other treatments are recommended, yet without 
much hope of effecting a cure. These cases nearly always prove 
fatal. 

B. Take 1 teaspoonful each of Epsom Salts and Cream of 
Tartar three times a day to keep the bowels active. Get Buchu 
leaves, steep to get the strength, and strain. Drink of the tea 
three times a day — morning, noon and night. These remedies 
will stimulate the action of the bowels and kidneys and aid in 
draining the system of fluids, thus relieving the tumor inasmuch 
as it is composed largely of a watery fluid. 

SPLEEN, ACUTE INFLAMMATION OR ACUTE 
ENLARGEMENT OF. — In this disease the spleen enlarges 
rapidly and becomes more or less sensitive to the touch. 

Cause. — Poisons, which may result from cancer, typhoid 
fever, malignant pustule and other conditions where the blood 
becomes unhealthy and vicious. 

Another reason for enlargement of the spleen, as stated else- 
where, is the large blood supply which this organ receives. 
The blood vessels supplying it are larger in proportion to its size 
than those supplying most other organs. Again, circulation is 
not carried on through the spleen the same as through other 
organs, but the blood flows through channels, or sinuses, which 
are formed in the spleen itself. This brings the effects of the 
irritating blood in direct contact with the splenic tissue. 

Symptoms. — Enlargement in the left side, tenderness on 
pressure, and sometimes the formation of pus. In case of pus 
formation there would be chills and an elevation of temperature. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



323 



As a result of the inflammation, there is an overgrowth of the 
tissues of which the spleen is constituted. This is called Splenic 
Pulp. 

Treatments. — 

A. If there is pus, the abscess should be opened and washed 
out with some disinfectant solution. Peroxide of Hydrogen 
would be valuable. Proper drainage should be secured and e very- 
attention given to diet and hygiene. Hydrochlorate of Berberine 
is said to be one of the best remedies for enlargement of the 
spleen. Give li grain doses three times a day, 

B. Steep up Boneset until it makes a strong tea, strain, and 
let the patient drink freely each day. Make a strong tea of Senna 
leaves, strain, and drink a wineglassful every three hours until 
the bowels move freely. A bath should be taken once a day 
followed by brisk friction. An irritating plaster, such as a 
Mustard plaster, should be applied to the side. Moderate exercise 
in the open air and a nourishing diet are beneficial. 

Chronic Enlargement of the Spleen.— This may follow 
repeated attacks of the acute, and may also be caused by malaria 
or tuberculosis. 

Treatment. — 

If enlargement results from chronic diseases, see treatment 
under the proper head. 

STAMMERING.— Stammering or Stutteting is a condition 
in which the patient in his efforts to talk hesitates, and there is a 
spasmodic and uncontrollable repetition of the same word or 
words. There is an earnest effort to speak, but persistence only 
increases the nervous tension and causes greater delay. 

Cause. — Unknown . 

Treatment. — 

The only chance of benefiting this condition rests with the 
stammerer himself. He should practice speaking slowly, word 
by word, and cease trying to speak for a few minutes as soon as 
tis speech becomes interrupted. Schools for stammerers have 
been established. 



DISEASES OF THE STOMACH. 



DIGESTBON. 



The process of digestion is one of those organic functions 
which are directly concerned in maintaining the life of the indi- 
vidual. Digestion prepares or modifies food, and renders it in a 
condition suitable to be passed into the circulation and appropri- 
ated by the various organs and tissues of the body. Digestion 
is the splitting- up of the food products into simpler forms. It 
is a process of fermentation which is accomplished by certain 
principles of the digestive tract called ferments. 

The Salivary Glands. — These glands are six in number. 
One is placed on each side of the neck just beneath the jaw; one 
on each side of the mouth just beneath the mucous membrane; 
and the parotid glands , which are the largest and most important, 
are situated one on each side just in front of and at the lower 
border of the ear. The saliva is a product of the salivary glands, 
and furnishes the first ferment, ptyalin (tyalin) , which has the 
power of converting starch into glucose, or grape sugar. 

The Stomach. — This organ is a dilatation of the digestive 
tract. Its size varies in different people. Its average size when 
empty is about 10 inches in length and 3 inches in width, 
and its weight is about 4 or 5 ounces. It is capable of great 
distension. The stomach and whole digestive tract, including 
the mouth and throat, are lined with mucous membrane. The 
glands which supply the stomach and which furnish the digestive 
fluid are placed in this membrane. These glands furnish three 
ferments: 1, hydrochloric {muriatic) acid, which acts first upon 
the food, converting albumen into a substance called peptones; 2, 
pepsin, which converts the peptones into soluble albumen; and 3, 
an unnamed fey ment which has the power of curdling milk. 

The Pancreas. — The pancreas is the next organ concerned 
in digestion. It is from 6 to 8 inches long, about i*A inches 
wide, and weighs from 3 to 6 ounces. It is placed transversely 
across the back part of the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. 
The end pointing to the left is in relation with the spleen; the 
end pointing to the right is in relation with the digestive tract 
just below the lower end of the stomach. The pancreas furnishes 
four ferments, which together are called pancreatin. Separately, 

324 




^mm? 



No. 8. 

i, First Rib (cut off). 2, Left Lung. 3, Apex of Heart. 4, Right 
Lung, upper lobe. 5, Right Lung, middle lobe. 6, Right Lung, lower 
lobe. 7, Liver. 8, Membranous covering of the Bowels. 9, Bowels. 
10. Stomach. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 325 

they are as follows: amylopsin, which converts starch into sugar; 
tripsin, which, like pepsin, converts albumen into peptones or 
soluble albumen; steapsin, which decomposes fats into glycerine 
and fatty acids; and an unnamed ferment, which, like that of the 
stomach, has the power of curdling milk. 

The Liver. — This organ, which is described elsewhere, 
furnishes bile, which aids in emulsifying fats, stimulates the 
secretions of the small bowel, increases bowel movement and 
prevents decomposition. 

The Small Bowel. — This part of the digestive tract has 
numerous glands scattered throughout its length, and these 
glands secrete a fluid which is called succus enteticus. This fluid 
also contains digestive ferments. 

The First Act of Digestion. — The first process is that of 
the ptyalin upon starch, the product of which is grape sugar, 
therefore, thorough mastication of food is of great importance. 
Whoever fails to thoroughly mix what he eats with saliva and its 
ptyalin courts dyspepsia by hindering other subsequent acts of 
digestion. One part of ptyalin, at the temperature of the human 
body, will convert two thousand times its own weight of cooked 
starch into grape sugar. 

The Second Act of Digestion. — The food carries the 
saliva and its ptyalin into the stomach, where its action is con- 
tinued. When food reaches the stomach, it stimulates the 
glands of that organ and its digestive fluid begins to flow. It 
appears in little drops and trickles down the mucous membrane 
which lines the stomach. The saliva is alkaline; the fluids of 
the stomach are acid. The saliva continues to act upon the 
food until its alkaline properties are overcome by the acid of the 
stomach. This is usually about three-quarters of an hour. 
This time is given up to starch digestion. If the saliva does not 
get well mixed with the food, as in rapid eating, the starch will 
be but poorly digested and dsypepsia be likely to follow. 

The Third Act of Digestion. — This is begun when the 
alkali of the saliva has been neutralized by the acid of the 
stomach. The gastric juice exerts no influence on grape or cane 
sugar, starch or fat; it acts upon albumen only. When the 
alkali of the saliva has become neutralized, the hydrochloric 
acid and pepsin of the gastric fluid commence their action on the 
different albuminoids and convert them into peptones, which 
means albumen in a soluble form, that is, so that it may be 
absorbed into the circulation. The hydrochloric acid first partially 
changes the albumen into peptones, and this action is immediately 
followed by the pepsin, which renders the change more or less 
complete. 



326 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

The Fourth Act of Digestion- As fast as the stomach 
completes its work the resulting products are passed on and the 
ferments of the pancreas are called into use. These, together 
with the bile, enter the digestive tract about 3J4' inches below 
the stomach. The amylopsin of the pancreatic fluid supple- 
ments the action of the ptyalin of the saliva, and converts any 
remaining starch into grape sugar, acting much more quickly 
than ptyalin. 

As stated above, the fluids of the stomach convert albumen 
into peptones, but the change may not be complete. Tripsin, the 
chief of the pancreatic ferments, completes this change. 

The steapsin of the pancreatic fluid, and the bile, together 
emulsify fats and separate the different fatty acids and glycerine 
(fats contain glycerine). The acids, meeting the alkalies — 
soda, potash, lime, etc. — contained in foods, form soapy solutions. 
These solutions are absorbed into the lymphatics, a system of 
vessels which conveys some of the products of digestion to the 
heart, where they are sent through the lungs for oxidation and 
then enter the general circulation. The bile is also a powerful 
aid in preventing putrefaction, and stimulates bowel movement. 

The Fifth Act of Digestion. — This is taken up by the 
secretion, succus entetiais, of the small bowel, which acts upon 
starch, fats and albumen, and aids in making digestion still more 
complete. 

The Last Act of Digestion. — A part of the products of 
digestion are carried direct to the liver, where this organ further 
elaborates upon the digestive changes. It is aided in this work 
by a digestive fluid secreted in the spleen and emptied by the 
veins of the spleen into the liver. 

Disposition of the Products. — The process of digestion 
completed, the resulting products are carried by the liver veins 
to the ascending vena cava, a large vein which empties into the 
right side of the heart. The products of digestion carried by 
the lymphatics, already mentioned, also empty into the right 
side of the heart, being carried by the thoracic duct, which com- 
mences just below the diaphragm and passes up through the 
chest cavity. 

The Higher Forms of Digestion. — From the right side 
of the heart the venous blood containing the digested food is 
sent through the lungs for oxidation. This blood receives about 
five per cent of the oxygen from the air which enters the lungs. 
It is then returned to the left side of the heart and sent out 
through the general circulation to supply the needs of the body. 
The blood contains ferments which induce important digestive 
changes. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 327 

INDIGESTION— DYSPEPSIA.— The great majority of 
stomach troubles come under the head of Indigestion or Dyspepsia, 
meaning some disturbance of that part of the digestion carried on 
in the stomach. When there is an excess of acid present in the 
gastric fluid, it is called Acidity of the Stomach; when the secre- 
tions are abundant and unhealthy, it is called Catarrhal Indiges- 
tion. 

Cause. — These and other conditions are simply the result of 
certain kinds of food, the excessive use of alcoholic liquors, or 
any other causes or conditions resulting in indigestion. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms of Dyspepsia are loss of appetite, 
flatulency (wind on the stomach) with eructations, bad taste in 
the mouth, coated tongue, foul breath, sense of fullness, soreness 
and pain with a feeling of weight in the stomach, pain on 
pressure, and a raw or burning feeling in the stomach and 
behind the chest bone. In an acute attack there is nausea, 
and sometimes vomiting. The ejected matter may contain more 
or less undigested food. I^oss of appetite is more marked during 
an acute attack ; at other times it may be excessive. Constipa- 
tion is generally present, or may be alternated with diarrhea. 

There is drowsiness after meals, headache, and palpitation, 
or tumultuous heart action. Sometimes the heart is weak and 
fluttering. Undigested food may lie in the stomach for hours or 
days, and this may give the stomach control over the mental 
faculties and result in low spirits and evil forebodings. The 
sufferer becomes irritable and is unable to sleep, or is troubled 
with bad dreams. 

Where indigestion occurs in the digestive tract, there is pain 
and soreness two or three hours after eating. If gas forms in the 
bowels, there is a sense of fullness and bloating. If long con- 
tinued, the sufferer will become greatly emaciated from lack of 
nourishment. In some cases congestion extends along the 
mucous membrane lining the duct leading to the gall bladder. 
This checks the flow of bile and results in jaundice. If the bile 
cannot pass off through the natural channel, the bowels, Nature 
eliminates by some other means. A part is eliminated by the 
skin, giving the characteristic yellow color, and digestion suffers 
still more. Congestion or swelling of the mucous membrane 
lining the duct leading to the gall bladder would also prevent the 
flow of the pancreatic fluid, because the pancreatic duct empties 
into or joins the duct leading from the gall bladder just before it 
reaches the digestive tract; this would also interfere with diges- 
tion, and emaciation would be increased. We give below a list 
of remedies recommended for Dyspepsia or Indigestion, remedies 
that have been furnished by many representative physicians, yet 



328 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

we wish to state that medicinal treatment alone will not cure this 
trouble. The cure is largely in the hands of the sufferer, and 
can be expressed in one word, — diet. 

At present physical training is being encouraged by many 
physicians for many diseases. Such training is recommended in 
place of drugs. In many cases patients are advised to abstain 
from food for one, two or three days, or as long as they are will- 
ing to submit, and we believe that in cases of dyspepsia, following 
such advice and afterward exercising care in matters of food 
and drink will result in more benefit than any other known 
method. 

We recall one case in particular, where the patient suffered 
all the pangs and miseries ever produced by this disease, and was 
permanently cured by the following method: Abstinence from all 
food for one week. The patient drank a considerable quantity of 
I^ime Water every day, which was the only thing taken into the 
stomach. The time Water was made fresh each day. The 
patient was a strong man, yet the treatment was a severe test of 
his physical strength. We saw him frequently, and have reason 
to believe that his claim of abstinence was true. We were also 
more or less associated with him during the next fifteen months, 
and during that time there was never the slightest evidence of 
dyspepsia or any form of stomach trouble. 

Treatments. — 

A. Usually an active cathartic is of benefit. A restricted diet, 
and in many cases the avoidance of all food for twenty-four 
hours, is of great advantage. One glass of milk and Lime Water, 
equal parts, taken once in four hours for two or three days, will 
sustain the patient and insure the stomach a much -needed rest. 
Commence feeding by giving rice which has been boiled for three 
hours; or boil oatmeal for the same length of time, strain, and 
use only the liquid part. Also soft cooked eggs, dry toast, etc. , 
may be taken. These should be taken at regular intervals and 
only in small amounts until there is a marked improvement. 
After each meal take i teaspoonful of the following: 

Scale Pepsin (i to 3000) 2 drachms. 

Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid, 

pure ]/z " 

Fowler's Solution 2 " 

Lloyd's Hydrastus 3 " 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir 4 " 

Mix together. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 329 

Or, after each meal and at bedtime take 10 grains of L,acto- 
peptin, manufactured by the New York Pharmacal Co., also 10 
grains of Subnitrate of Bismuth — four doses a day. These may 
be taken together. 

In all cases of indigestion, restrict the amount of food until 
the patient thoroughly understands the definition of the word 
hunger. Avoid fatigue or overwork, secure an abundance of 
fresh air and proper exercise and keep the bowels regular. 

B. In case of weak stomach, with sluggish liver, coated 

tongue, bad taste in the mouth, especially in the morning, or 

pain after eating, there is nothing better than the following: 

Tincture of Nux Vomica 2 drachins. 

Nitro Muriatic Acid 1 drachm. 

Elixir Lactated Pepsin 1 ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Dandelion 2 ounces . 

Infusion Columbo, add to make.. 4 " 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful diluted after 
each meal. 

Also when there is gas in the stomach or intestines the 

following is very beneficial: 

Charcoal 24 grains. 

Pepsin 30 " 

Bicarbonate of Soda 24 " 

Mix, make into 12 capsules and take 1 after 
eating, or whenever needed. 

The bowels should be kept free with 10 to 15 drops of Fluid 
Extract of Cascara before breakfast, as this not only relieves but 
cures constipation. The dose may be increased or decreased as 
suits the needs of the individual. 

The diet should consist of easily digested mixed foods- 
vegetables, stewed and roasted meats, soft boiled eggs, etc. 
Avoid coffee. — (78). 

C. Gum Myrrh, powdered 1 ounce. 

Columbo, " 1 " 

Gentian, " 1 

Rhubarb Root, " 1 

Cubebs, " 1 " 

Pepper, " 1 " 

Peruvian Bark, " 1 " 

Alcohol 24 ounces. 

Water 8 " 

Mix the Alcohol and water and add the 
powders. I^et stand for ten days, shaking the 
bottle frequently, then strain through a piece 
of fine muslin. If the muslin is folded in 
several thicknesses, it will leave the prepara- 
tion fieer from sediment. 

Dose. — Teaspoonful in a little water, milk, 
tea or coffee, twenty minutes before meals. — 

(66). 



330 FAVORITE, MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

D. Pepsin, Fairchild's Essence 2 ounces. 

Pancreatin, Essence of 1 ounce. 

Tincture Nux Vomica 2 drachms. 

Tincture Phosphorous 1 drachm. 

Elixir Calisaya Bark and Iron 

enough to make — 6 ounces. 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful after each 
meal, 

or, 

Nitro-Hydrochloric Acid, diluted 3 drachms. 

Nux Vomica, Tincture of 2^ " 

Capsicum, Tincture of %, drachm, 

Mix, and take ]/ 2 teaspoonful in water 
before and after each meal. — (53). 

E. Eat regularly, not to exceed three meals a day, and avoid 
anything that is found to disagree with the stomach. Take 
regular, systematic exercise — not once, but three times daily, 
lasting from two to three hours after each meal. To take a cold 
sponge bath and rub down with a coarse towel two hours after 
meals is the best substitute for exercise. Very little medication 
is needed. 

F. Diluted Hydrochloric Acid 1 ounce. 

Tincture Nux Vomica % " 

Mix. Take 20 drops in water just after 
meals. — (11). 

G. Tincture Nux Vomica 4 drachms. 

Hydrochloric Acid y 2 drachm. 

Peppermint Water 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir 4 " 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful before each 
meal; or take Elixir Lactopeptine — teaspoonful 
before meals and at bedtime. — (46). 

Acidity of the Stomach. — Normally, during digestion the 
fluid of the stomach contains two-tenths of one per cent of hydro- 
chloric acid. In case of acidity of the stomach it may contain 
many times this amount, and may also contain lactic acid, acetic 
acid, and perhaps many other acids. It is these acids that 
produce the burning sensation known as heartburn. 

Treatments. — 

A. Bicarbonate of Soda 2 drachms. 

Tincture Nux Vomica 3 " 

Compound Tincture Gentian 3 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, enough to make... 6 " 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful before meals 
and at bedtime. 

B. Baking Soda, ^ to 1 teaspoonful dissolved in Vz glass oi 
water. Take all at once. — (45). 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 331 

C. Dilute Nitro-Hydrochloric Acid... 3 drachms. 
Tincture of Nux Vomica 2 " 

Mix, and take 5 drops before meals and 5 
drops after meals. Keep the bowels regular. 

-(53). 

D. One-half to 1 teaspoonful of baking Soda in ^ of a glass 
of water. Repeat in one hour until there is relief. — (9). 

E. Eat slowly. Avoid sweets. Keep the bowels loose. 
Take Milk of Magnesia (proprietary) in teaspoonful doses every 
two hours until relieved. — (17). 

F. Lime Water in teaspoonful doses every three hours. 
Teaspoonful doses of Fairchild's Essence of Pepsin after each 
meal. — (7). 

Catarrhal Indigestion. — Where the secretions of the 
stomach contain a good deal of mucus, showing a catarrhal con- 
dition, it is always well to start with a clear field. Give an 
emetic — 1 teaspoonful of Syrup of Ipecac every ten minutes until 
vomiting takes place. When the patient vomits, have him 
drink large quanties of water containing a little baking Soda — 
drink a pint or a quart, if possible. This will have a tendency 
to wash out the stomach. Next give an active cathartic — 1 or 2 
tablespoonfuls of Castor Oil, or the same amount of Seidlitz Salts, 
or any other laxative desired, remembering that the action 
should be thorough. Abstain from all food for twenty-four hours, 
then give the same treatment as advised under Indigestion. 
Where the stomach contains a large amount of unhealthy 
exudate in the form of mucus, the patient should drink ^ to 1 
pint of hot water one hour before meals. 

DILATATION OF THE STOMACH— CHRONI C 
INDIGESTION. — In this disease there is an increase in the 
size of the organ. The enlargement continues until the muscle 
walls lose their power to contract, and remain permanently 
dilated. In this condition the stomach contains more or less 
fluid and an unhealthy mucous exudate, and chronic dyspepsia is 
the result. 

Cause \ — Dilatation of the stomach always results from 
chronic indigestion from some cause. It follows cancer when 
the cancer is situated near the opening into the small bowel, as 
the growth prevents the passage of the food and the unhealthy 
condition interferes with digestion. Decomposition follows with 



332 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

the production of many gases, and dilatation results. In any 
case of chronic indigestion the same decomposition, gas forma- 
tion and dilatation may follow. 

Changes That Occur During Chronic Indigestion. — When 
resulting from indigestion following the prolonged use of alcohol, 
there is first congestion of the vessels supplying the stomach, and 
this results in a low form of inflammation and an overgrowth of 
the connective tissue. The contraction of this tissue destroys 
the glands that furnish the digestive fluid. Some may be 
entirely obliterated, others are closed, and the openings of others 
are narrowed and their action more or less interefered with. 
Blood vessels are caught in the contracting fibers, circulation is 
lessened or shut off, the part supplied by such vessels atrophies — 
shrinks — and degeneration follows. At first the mucous membrane 
and deeper structures are thickened and swollen. The secretions 
are changed in quantity and quality, the natural fluids are 
lessened, and in places the first layer of cells covering the mem- 
brane are piled up in polypoid growths. These appear like little 
tumors or mounds, giving the surface an uneven appearance. 
In other places the mucous membrane may be largely replaced 
by the new connective tissue overgrowth. When these changes 
are complete, the walls of the stomach are thinned, as much of 
the natural tissue has been destroyed and the new tissue is 
shrunken and hardened. When dilatation of the stomach results 
from indigestion from other causes, the change is not so marked 
as when resulting from the prolonged use of alcohol. There is 
not so much destruction of the mucous membrane, but the mem- 
brane remains thickened and swollen and a chronic catarrhal 
condition results; yet in all forms the stomach may be dilated 
and contain more or less fluid and an unhealthy mucous secretion, 
also more or less undigested food. 

Symptoms. — I^oss of appetite, nausea, sometimes vomiting. 
When resulting from alcohol, there is the well-known morning 
vomiting of drunkards. The ejected matter is sour and ill- 
smelling, and often contains particles of undigested food. There 
is tenderness in the region of the stomach, and more or less 
thirst and burning at the pit of the stomach and under the chest 
bone. This latter is the result of the catarrhal inflammation 
along the sesophagus, or tube leading from the throat to the 
stomach. Constipation is present, and the urine is highly col- 
ored. The color is the result of waste products which these 
organs attempt to eliminate. Sleeplessness is a troublesome 
feature. This is more pronounced when occurring in drunkards. 
The patient may be more or less emaciated, and the physical 
powers are lessened because the body is not properly nourished. 
The skin loses its natural color and becomes pale. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 333 

Treatment. — 

Rest and diet. Restrict the amount of starchy foods. Give 
skimmed milk and Lime Water, equal parts, soft cooked eggs, 
finely chopped raw beef and a little dry toast. Give from j4 to 
1 pint of water as hot as can be taken, containing either a little 
baking Soda or 1 teaspoonful of Phosphate of Soda, one hour 
before meals. If this amount cannot be taken all at once, it can 
be disposed of in the course of twenty minutes without incon- 
venience. 

Scale Pepsin (1 to 3000) 2 drachms. 

Muriatic Acid, pure 14 " 

Fowler's Solution 2 " 

Fluid Hydrastus 3 " 

Strychnine l / 2 grain. 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir 4 " 

Mix, and take one teaspoonful after meals. 

NEURALGIA OF THE STOMACH— GASTRAL- 
GIA. — This is a painful condition of the stomach, the pain 
often occurring in paroxysms that last for an hour or more. 

Cause. — Same as neuralgia elsewhere. In many cases undi- 
gested food may act as the exciting cause. 

Symptoms. — The severe form usually comes on suddenly. 
The pain is intense and often occurs in paroxysms. During an 
attack of pain the heart action is weak, the patient is faint, the 
countenance is shrunken and the hands and feet are cold. There 
may be a puffiness or cedemitus condition over the surface of the 
stomach. The pain extends along the lower border of the ribs 
and into the back — usually into the small of the back. Pain is 
also present beneath the chest bone. The pain follows the border 
of the diaphragm, which is attached to the ribs and small of the 
back. The pain may last for thirty minutes to one hour. Some- 
times there is a sudden eructation of gas and the pain ceases. 

Treatments . — 

A. To relieve an attack of pain, take the following: 

Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia ]/ 2 ounce. 

Chloroform % " 

Hoffman's Anodyne }4 " 

Tincture of Cardamon Compound ... % " 
Brandy y z " 

Take 1 teaspoonful well diluted with water. 
Repeat in one hour, if necessary. Usually one 
dose is sufficient. 

While the foregoing may check the pain, it will not remove 
the cause. These cases require careful attention to diet, the 
same as described under Dyspepsia. If neuralgia of the stomach 



334 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

has existed for some time, the attacks are somewhat persistent 
and there seems to be a strong tendency towards their recurrence. 
However, the difficulty may be overcome by regulating the diet, 
as stated, keeping the bowels regular, avoiding all forms of 
excess, and, when there are indications of indigestion, taking 
together 10 grains of L,actopeptin, manufactured by the New 
York Pharmacal Co. , and i o grains of Bismuth. Take immediately 
after each meal. If there are eructations of gas, also take 10 or 
15 grains of Willow Charcoal. This is best taken in tablet form. 
The tablets can be obtained at any drug store. The Pepsin and 
Bismuth mentioned, or any other form of artificial digestants, 
should be used only when there is evidence of trouble. 

B. Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia yi ounce. 

Hoffman's Anodyne y 2 " 

Paregoric 6 drachms. 

Tincture of Lavender Compound 6 

Syrup of Rhubarb, enough to make 3 ounces. 

Take a tablespoonful every hour until 
relieved. — (33). 

ULCER OF THE STOMACH.— Cause.— Ulcer of the 
stomach is caused by the plugging of an artery, by a blood clot, 
or by some obstruction in the circulation. The part supplied by 
such an artery dies and degenerates. 

Symptoms. — The first symptoms are those of indigestion. 
This trouble gradually increases. There are eructations of gas 
and the breath is ill-smelling. Pain, which is one of the early 
symptoms, soon becomes constant, and is increased one-half to 
one hour after eating. This is about the time the digestive fluid 
of the stomach changes from an alkaline to an acid condition, 
and it is the acid that increases the pain. There is occasional 
vomiting. As the disease advances, blood is contained in the 
ejected matter. Sometimes there is a large amount of bright red 
blood present. The ejected matter also contains undigested food. 
If vomiting occurs between meals, there is a large amount of 
mucus. In some cases there are occasional attacks of neuralgia. 
In some cases also the patient is greatly debilitated, and in others 
he is not. The vomiting of a large amount of bright red blood, 
together with the other symptoms mentioned, is sufficient evid- 
ence of ulcer of the stomach. 

Treatment. — 

The stomach should be allowed to remain as quiet as pos- 
sible. When food is taken into the stomach, and during the 
period of digestion, the muscular coats of the organ maintain a 
constant churning movement, and both the food and the mechan- 
ical movement irritate the ulcer and prevent its healing. All 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



335 



water drank should be taken as hot as can be borne, and should 
contain some alkali — Phosphate of Soda, baking Soda, or Sul- 
phate of Soda. By many Sulphate of Soda is considered the 
best — i teaspoonful to a pint of water. 

Regarding nourishment, those who have treated the largest 
number of these cases advise rectal feeding. Also bathe the sur- 
face with nutrient oils — Cod Liver Oil is perhaps one of the best. 
When this fails to maintain the patient and food by the stomach 
becomes necessary, only that that is most nourishing should be 
taken, and in liquid form. 

CANCER OF THE STOMACH.— Cause.— See Cancer. 

Symptoms. — During the early stages of cancer of the stomach 
the symptoms are those of indigestion. The patient loses in 
weight without any known cause. Digestive disturbances increase 
until there is more or less pain. The pain may be constant, or 
may be present only occasionally. The skin gradually changes 
to a straw color. In some cases the color is quite natural, 
especially during the first six or eight months. When the 
cancer is situated at what is called the cardiac end of the 
stomach, i.e., the end into which the oesophagus opens, there is 
a gradual narrowing of this tube and swallowing becomes diffi- 
cult; later there is regurgitation or return of the food. When it 
is situated at the end of the stomach opening into the small 
bowel, the food is prevented from passing out of the stomach. 
This causes the organ to dilate. The patient lives about one 
year. Vomiting commences at some stage of the disease — 
sometimes quite early, perhaps from the third to the sixth 
month. In other cases it does not occur until one or two months 
before death. Vomiting occurs soon after eating. When the 
growth is situated near the opening of the stomach into the 
small bowel and is followed by dilatation of the stomach, food 
may remain in the organ for from one to two or three days and 
then be ejected. The food is in various stages of decomposition, 
and blood is often present. Toward the latter stages of the 
disease blood is present in larger amounts, and, as a result of 
remaining in the stomach for some time and being brought in 
contact with the fluids of the stomach and the undigested food, it 
is dark in color and clotted. This is often spoken of as il coffee 
grounds" vomiting. Sometime during the disease the cancer may 
be felt through the abdominal wall. Usually this part of the 
diagnosis can be made from the sixth to the ninth month. Begin- 
ning with the symptoms, or soon after, the stomach is sensitive 
to touch, and during the progress of the disease this sensitive- 
ness increases until the slightest pressure causes pain. The 
emaciation also increases until the patient appears like a living 



336 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

skeleton. Locating the growth by manipulation over the 
stomach, when accompanied by the symptoms given, is unmis- 
takable evidence of the cancer. 

There may be cancer of the pancreas, which is situated just 
behind the stomach. In this case there is less vomiting, but 
diarrhea is present and the eliminations contain undigested fat. 

There may be cancer of the liver or gall bladder. In this 
case there would be evidence of digestive disturbances, but these 
would be less marked. 

Cancer may occur in the digestive tract. If occurring at the 
beginning of the small bowel where it joins the stomach, the 
symptoms would be similar to those given, but the ejected matter 
would contain less blood; if occurring in the large bowel, stomach 
symptoms would be largely absent. The eliminations from the 
digestive tract would contain mucus and blood, and the odor 
would be foul. In all cases there is rapid emaciation, and death 
is the inevitable result. 

Treatments . — 

What to Do. — As the early symptoms are the usual disorders 
of indigestion, correct the diet and take the ordinary remedies for 
dyspepsia. If the trouble continues, consult a physician. 

A. If the cancer is situated where the sesophagus joins the 
stomach, the opening should be maintained as long as possible by 
dilating the part. When this fails and food cannot reach the 
stomach, it is necessary to insert a tube, forcing it through the 
constricted part, and give liquid foods. When the cancer is 
situated at the other end of the stomach, the usual remedies for 
indigestion may be given. In all cases give io-drop doses of 
Fowler's Solution and 10 grains of the Sulphocarbolates at meal 
time — three doses a day. 

Stomach Diseases — Summary. — In giving a description 
of the diseases of the digestive tract, we stated that those 
diseases given under so many different headings were confusing, 
that they were but different manifestations of the same 
diseased condition, etc. The same is true of the various forms 
of disease of the stomach mentioned, — Gastric Fever, Acute 
Gastric Catarrh, Acidity of the Stomach, Acute Dyspepsia, Acute 
Indigestion, Gastralgia or Neuralgia of the Stomach. These, and 
perhaps other terms, are used to denote an acute attack of 
Indigestion. 

It should be remembered that this sudden manifestation of 
pain and other symptoms of acute trouble is not the result of a 
single eiTor, but evidence of a long train of conditions, which 
have gradually led up to the sudden onset. For some time the 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 337 

patient has gone beyond the limit of safety, and the system has 
withstood the abuse, if we may call it such, of late suppers, late 
hours, excessive or rapid eating, and, in many cases, excess in 
drinking — whether of strong coffee, tea, ice water or alcoholic 
liquors makes no particular difference. Neither is it of import- 
ance whether the digestive fluids of the stomach contain a little 
too much acid, or are slightly alkaline; the result is the same. 
The small vessels supplying the mucous membrane become con- 
gested and inflamed, the digestive fluids become excessive in 
amount and abnormal in quality, and now Nature suddenly rebels 
and the patient finds himself the victim of an acute attack. 
These unpleasant reminders are Nature's voice, forcibly expressed. 
For every transgression there is now demanded full payment with 
interest. We should remember that if Nature's laws are broken, 
there will be a day of reckoning. Whether the wilful errors 
pertain to matters of diet and hygiene, to loss of sleep, overwork 
or lack of exercise, is unimportant. It would be as reasonable 
to expect an apple thrown into the air to remain there, as to 
expect abuses of the physical body to go unpunished. The only 
prophylactic or preventive measure against disease is a healthy 
system, and the only way to avoid disease of the stomach is to 
exercise care and judgment regarding matters of diet. ' 

Usually when the stomach begins to give trouble, artificial 
digestants are resorted to. The class of people who take these 
patent remedies are looking for a specific — a something that will 
allow them to continue their indulgences and excesses and at the 
same time pay little or no attention to the demands of Nature. 
But sooner or later Nature claims her rights. It may be in the 
form of an acute attack, of gradual and lingering disease, some 
of the many deformities of rheumatism, spinal diseases, or an 
early death. Every one should learn that digestion cannot be 
purchased ready-made, that artificial digestants afford but 
temporary relief, and that their effects are only palliative, i. e. y 
that they quiet the symptoms without touching the cause, and 
that, if continued, these remedies will still further weaken the 
digestive organs. They do this by doing their work for them. 
It is well known that Nature does not waste any of her forces, 
nor perform any of her work in vain, and if artificial digestants 
are employed, the natural digestive fluids or ferments will cease 
to flow. The muscles of the arm would shrink if the arm were 
kept in a sling; a joint would refuse to act if it were kept too 
long in one position. When the arm and joint cease to act, 
Nature ceases to supply them. The same is true with the diges- 
tive fluids. If they are supplied artificially, the digestive organs 
will atrophy, like the muscles of the arm kept in a sling, or refuse 
to act, like the joint that has remained too long inactive. 
22 



338 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Eructations in which are recognized by taste or smell any- 
thing eaten or drank, are evidence that the stomach cannot take 
care of that particular article, whether of food or drink. They 
are an indication that fermentation has occurred, the flavor or 
odor being thrown off with the gases of decomposition. If the 
eructations are greasy, avoid fats; if they are sour, avoid sugar 
and starchy foods, as these produce acids. If there is a bitter 
taste in the mouth, it is bile, and indicates congestion of the bile 
duct. The stomach does not rebel without a cause, and its 
warnings should be heeded. When stomachical digestion is per- 
fect, we are unconscious that we have a stomach. Every organ 
has an individual sign by which it makes known any abnormal 
conditions, and it is upon the recognition of such signs that 
diagnosis is made. 

The three great physicians of Nature are fresh air, pure water 
and sunshine, and these combined with healthful exercise are 
more effective in securing and maintaining health than drug 
medication. They will cure most cases of dyspepsia. If they 
could be bottled up and administered in tea or tablespoonful 
doses while people were in bed, or comfortably seated in rocking 
chairs, they would be more largely indulged in, and those pre- 
paring such treatment could command their millions. 

When the stomach is irritable through indigestion, the con- 
dition is reflected to the brain and other organs through the 
connecting nerve fibers, weaving a thread of disorders which 
may baffle human skill. This condition produces many imaginary 
ailments — the blues, melancholia, irritability, nervousness, etc. 
These cases do not need medicine; it would be as absurd to treat 
such cases with medicine as it would be to give medicine for 
lameness caused by a sliver driven into the hand. The stomach 
needs rest and freedom from all irritating substances just as much 
as the hand needs to have the sliver removed. 

It may be of interest to know that a glass of ice water 
lowers the temperature of the stomach 30 degrees, and this has a 
powerful effect in checking digestion. 

STRANGURY. — This means painful urination. (See 
Dysuria under Bladder, Diseases of). 

STRICTURE. — Stricture means the closing of the natural 
lumen, or opening of any passageway, as an artery or any part 
of the bowel. Stricture may be partial or complete. It may 
affect any canal or duct, as the urethra, trachea, or wind-pipe, 
oesophagus, or tube leading from the throat to the stomach, or 
the eustachian tube, the passage leading from the base of the 
tongue to the middle ear. These strictures may be uniform or 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



339 



may be tortuous; they may be partial or complete, rendering the 
canal passable or impassable. They may also be recurrent, that 
is, returning from time to time. 

Cause. — They may be caused by a foreign body, by tumors, 
including cancer, or may result from inflammation. The last is 
the most frequent cause. 

Treatment. — 

These cases require a physician. 

Note.— Usually stricture is understood to mean a narrowing of the 
urethra following gonorrhoea (See GU3BT). 

STYE. — (See under Eye, Diseases of). 

SUMMER COMPLAINT.— (See Diarrhea). 

SUNBURN. — In those unaccustomed to outdoor life, the 
skin over the face, neck and other exposed parts is delicate. The 
cells forming the outer layer of the skin are not coarse, rough 
and thick, because the tissues beneath have needed no particular 
protection. The sudden change allows the sun's rays to pene- 
trate to the deeper structure, or skin proper. It will be remem- 
bered that it is in this layer that the blood vessels are situated. 
The excessive heat causes acute congestion, and, in some instances, 
inflammation. This accounts for the heat and swelling, and 
the swelling causes the pressure and pain. This condition 
usually lasts for a few days, more or less, according to the 
severity or amount of exposure. 

Treatment. — 

The best treatment is some application that will exclude the 
air, because it is the oxygen of the air coming in contact with 
the true skin that produces the sensation of smarting and burn- 
ing. The application of Vaseline, Sweet Cream, Sweet Oil, or 
any emollient that will protect the affected area, is all that is 
needed. If on the hands, arms or neck, the application may 
be followed with a light bandage. This will insure greater pro- 
tection and afford greater relief. 

SWEAT GLANDS, DISORDER OF — HYPERI- 
DROSIS. — Some persons are afflicted with excessive secretions 
of the sweat glands. The excess may be general all over the 
body, or may affect only certain parts, as the hands, arm-pits, 
soles of the feet, etc. It is usually accompanied with a disagree- 
able and disgusting odor. This is especially true when it affects 
the soles of the feet. Excessive sweating of the soles of the feet 
is not only the most uncomfortable, but the most dangerous, form 
of this disease. It keeps the feet wet and cold, and in many 



340 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

cases is the primary step leading to chronic catarrh; or may pre- 
cipitate an acute cold. The feet are kept in a sweat-bath, as it 
were, which causes the outer skin to peel off rapidly and leaves 
them tender and sensitive. 

Cause. — Some irritant which excites excessive action of the 
nerves supplying the sweat glands and results in over-production; 
or the nerve supply may be unusually or abnormally developed. 

Treatment. — 

The following is one of the best remedies of prevention: 

Menthol 20 grains. 

Tannic Acid 40 " 

Formaldehyde 20 drops. 

Borax, powdered 1 ounce. 

Soapstone, powdered 2 " 

Mix, and dust freely inside the stockings. 
If there is still some sweating, add more Tannic 
Acid; if there is odor left, add more Formal- 
dehyde. 

The same preparation may be applied locally under the arms, 
or wherever abnormal sweating occurs. 

Note. — The above is Allen's Foot-Ease plus Formaldehyde. 

SYPHILIS. — (See under Venereal Diseases). 

TAPEWORM— TAENIA SOLIUM.— This is a form of 
worm which sometimes inhabits the digestive tract and grows to 
great lengths. The variety mentioned above, taenia solium, is 
the one most commonly met, and varies in length from ten to 
thirty feet. In appearance it is flat and thin like a ribbon. 
There are two other varieties which are larger. The largest is 
said to attain a length of sixty feet. The head of the tapeworm 
is small and rounded, being about -^ to T V of an inch in diam- 
eter. The body is composed of small segments, or joints, which 
vary from }£ to J /i of an inch in length; the width may exceed 
the length. The worm is supplied with two rows of suckers, 
and the taenia solium is also supplied with two rows of what are 
called hooklets. Each worm is supplied with male and female 
reproductive organs. Its eggs are about -j-gVg- of an inch in 
diameter. The worm is supposed to inhabit pork, beef and fish, 
and to find its way into the body first in such food. It inhabits 
the upper part of the small bowel, and the head is firmly attached 
to the mucous membrane by means of the hooklets mentioned. 

Cause.— The eggs, which are found in the meat mentioned. 
These eggs, on reaching the digestive tract, hatch and develop 
into the worm. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



341 



Symptoms. — The elimination of detached or disjointed seg- 
ments may be the first, and is the only positive evidence of the 
presence of the worm. In other cases there is pain, which may be 
anywhere in the abdominal cavity. The appetite is more or less 
affected, and at times there may be nausea and vomiting. There 
may also be dyspepsia and constipation, and the patient may lose 
flesh. After eating the symptoms are apt to disappear, and are 
most prominent when the stomach and bowels are empty. In 
some cases the patient claims to feel the movement of the worm, 
though this may be imagination. 

Treatments. — 

A. There are a number of remedies which are used in the 
treatment of tapeworm. A strong tea made from Pomegranate 
Root, Turpentine, Pumpkin Seed, Aspidium, Male Fern, and 
perhaps other remedies are used for its destruction. Of these 
the ethereal resin of Aspidium and the oleo resin of Male Fern 
are perhaps used oftenest, although Pumpkin Seed has the 
advantage of being cheap, effective and harmless. This is 
important in the case of small children, because it requires as 
large a dose of the remedy to destroy the tape worm in the child 
as in the adult, and enough of the stronger remedies to be effect- 
ive might be too large a dose for the child. 

In case of children, give 1 ounce of the dried Pumpkin Seed, 
or 4 ounces of the fresh seed. Remove the outer covering or 
husk, and bruise, together with chocolate or sugar. Give an 
active cathartic and restrict the diet as much as possible for 
forty-eight hours. Divide the dried seed into four doses, or the 
green seed into six doses, and give one hour apart. Follow the 
last dose with another active cathartic, such as Castor Oil. This 
is usually effective, and, as stated, is perfectly harmless. 

For adults, give an active cathartic in the afternoon, eat a 
very light supper, if any, and no breakfast, and take about 1 or 
2 teaspoonfuls of the oleo resin of Male Fern, or 1 teaspoonful of 
the ethereal resin of Aspidium. In two hours take 2 table- 
spoonfuls of Castor Oil and 1 drop of Croton Oil. The Tannate 
of Pelletierine which is the active principle of Pomegranate, 
is highly recommended, and may be given in from *4~ to 1 -grain 
doses in place of the Male Fern or Aspidium. 

B. Take 4 ounces of Pumpkin Seed, remove shells and bruise 
seeds together with two ounces of sugar and 1 pint of warm 
water. I^et patient eat nothing for one day. The next day let 
him eat the Pumpkin Seed mixture, and after he has finished, 
give him a good dose of Epsom Salts. — (35). 



342 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

C. Emulsion consisting ot: 

Turpentine I ounce. 

Wintergreen Water }4 " 

Gum Acacia }£ " 

Simple Syrup i " 

Mix. To be taken by an adult in one dose. — (31). 

TEETH. — The teeth are subject to disease the same as 
other tissues, organs and structures. There may be abscess, or 
there may be a gradual or rapid destruction of one or more of the 
teeth. They are also subject to pain and tumor growths. The 
tumor consists of an increased amount or overgrowth of the bony 
tissue. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment should be preventive. This means that the 
teeth should receive proper care by keeping them clean. Every 
one should use a brush at least once a day, or, what is better, 
after each meal. Any evidence of decay should be investigated 
and cared for by the dentist. Some form of tooth powder that is 
cleansing and at the same time harmless, should be used occasion- 
ally, as the following: 

Precipitated Chalk 1 ounce. 

Orris Root, powdered 2 drachms. 

Boric Acid, powdered 20 grains. 

Mix, and use by applying to the brush. 
Note. — Other preparations for use in cleaning the teeth 

will be found under Miscellaneous Medical Receipts. 

Toothache Remedies. — 

A. Chloral Hydrate % ounce. 

Gum Camphor % " 

By gradually rubbing these two ingredients together, a liquid 
soon forms. This can best be done in a druggist's mortar. Keep 
the liquid well corked. In using take a small piece of cotton, 
large enough to fill the cavity in the tooth, roll it up firmly, and 
with the end of a tooth -pick, or some other convenient method, 
dip it into the solution and pack it firmly into the tooth. — (64). 

Note. — The above is an excellent application. 

B. Saturate a piece of cotton the size of the tooth cavity in 
Ammonia and put into the tooth. It will stop toothache at once. 

-(20). 

C. Chloroform 1 drachm. 

OilofCloves 1 

Carbolic Acid 1 " 

Mix, and apply a few drops on cotton. Care 
should be taken not to drop any of the liquid 
on the lips, tongue or gums. — (36). 



DISBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 343 

D. Alcohol Y% ounce. 

Laudanum Yz drachm. 

Chloroform, liquid measure 2>H " 

Gum Camphor 2 

Oil of Cloves 2 

Sulphuric Ether, liquid measure 3 

Oil of Lavender # " 

If there is a nerve exposed, this will quiet it. 
Apply with lint. Rub freely upon the gums 
and upon the face against the tooth. 

E. Alcohol 2 ounces. 

Tincture of Arnica 2 drachms. 

Tincture of Chloroform 2 " 

Oil of Cloves 1 

Mix, and apply to the cavity on a little 
cotton. 

TETTER. — (See Eczema under Skin Diseases). 

THREAD WORMS.— (See under Children's 
Diseases) . 

THROAT, SORE,— The following treatments have been 
recommended. The reader is also referred to the treatments 
under Laryngitis ; also, if the tonsils are affected, to the treat- 
ments under Tonsilitis. 

Treatments. — 

A. Sage Tea, very strong ^ pint. 

Strained Honey 2 tablespoonfuls. 

Common Salt 2 " 

Strong Vinegar 2 " 

Mix, strain, and gargle the throat from 
four to a dozen times daily, according to the 
severity of the case — (64). 

B. A pinch of the following on the tongue and swallowed, 
without water, every half hour: 

Cubebs, powdered 1 teaspoonful. 

Saltpetre 1 

Mix. Gargle the throat with milk. Little 
or nothing to eat for 24 hours. — (35). 

C. Chlorate of Potash 1 drachm. 

Turpentine 1 " 

Syrup of Gum Arabic 1 ounce. 

Water 1 " 

Mix. Take 1 teaspoonful every two hours. 
-(36). 

THRUSH. — (See under Children's Diseases). 



344 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

TOE-NAIL, INGROWING. — This difficulty usually 
occurs on the great toe. In some cases it is very painful, 
so much so that the individual is unable to wear a shoe 
unless it is very large, or unless the part covering the toe is 
removed with a knife. In every case the condition is extremely 
unpleasant and there is always more or less soreness and pain. 

Cause. — The cause is either an overgrowth along the edge of 
the nail, or the pressure of the nail irritates the soft tissue 
and results in its overgrowth. The edge of the nail either 
grows down into the tissues, or the tissue grows up over the edge 
of the nail; perhaps both conditions are present. 

Treatments . — 

A. Very many cases may be benefited and often cured by 
taking a sharp-pointed knife and, by repeated strokes along the 
border, gradually cutting through the nail, removing a strip from 
one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch in width, and sometimes 
more. Where the nail grows down into the tissue it is not attached 
on either side, and by cutting through, the sliver of nail may be 
readily removed. This relieves the pressure, and for a time 
relieves the pain and soreness. If the trouble recurs, repeat the 
treatment. If successful the first time, it will be successful every 
time, and eventually the nail will stop growing in that direction. 

The directions just given can be carried out by any one 
suffering with this trouble. Some cases, however, need surgical 
treatment. 

B. Painless Remedy. — Henry Finch, M. D., reports, through 
the British Medical Journal, that neither cutting nor burning 
operations are at all necessary for the complete and rapid cure of 
ingrowing toe-nail. If a small, thin> flat piece of silver plate be 
bent at one edge into a slight deep groove and, after the toe has 
been poulticed twenty-four hours, slipped beneath the edge of the 
nail, so as to protect the flesh from its pressure, and the rest of 
the thin plate bent around the side and front of the toe, being 
kept in position with a small portion of adhesive plaster passed 
around the toe, a speedy and almost painless cure will take place; 
and the patient, after the first day, has the additional advantage 
of being able to walk. Dr. Finch has followed this method in 
numerous cases with uniform success. 

TONGUE. — I4ke other tissues and organs, the tongue is 
subject to many diseases. There may be adhesions, including the 
condition known as tongue-tie. Such adhesions are congenital, i. e. , 
exist from birth. There may be atrophy — a shrinking of the 
organ. This may be caused by syphilis, by some disease of the 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 345 

brain, or by morbid growths on the tongue itself. There may 
be hypertrophy or overgrowth. This would result from a mild 
form of inflammation from some cause. 

The tongue is also subject to ulcer, erysipelas and cancer. 
Barring cancer, perhaps the most serious form of disease of the 
tongue is acute inflammation. This is called Glossitis. 

Acute Glossitis or Inflammation of the Tongue may 

result from injury — sometimes results from the sting of a bee. 

Symptoms. — Sudden swelling, fever, pain and increased flow 
of saliva. The voice becomes changed, and speech and swallow- 
ing are difficult. The glands about the jaw enlarge and may 
suppurate. The swelling may be so rapid and reach such pro- 
portions as to render breathing not only difficult, but impossible. 

Treatment . — 

The same as treatment for inflammation elsewhere. Relieve 
the organ of the excessive amount of blood. This can only be 
done by draining the system of fluids and equalizing the 
circulation. A large dose of Pilocarpine is valuable. For a 
child five years old, }£ of a grain given with a hypodermic 
needle would perhaps be sufficient. This causes active elimina- 
tion by the skin. Also give 1 drop of Croton Oil, either in a 
small capsule, or mixed with Glycerine or Sweet Oil and placed 
on the back of the tongue. If Croton Oil is not at hand, give a 
large dose of Castor Oil. Wait two hours, and if results are not 
obtained, give half the amount. In place of the Pilocarpine, 
Aconite may be given — 1 drop of the tincture every hour. Also 
apply external heat to produce profuse perspiration. Sometimes 
even the most active treatment fails. In this case incisions may 
be made — cut deep enough to allow the blood to flow freely. 
This will aid in relieving the organ. In some cases it is neces- 
sary to perform tracheotomy i. e., open the wind-pipe and 
insert an artificial tube through which the child may breathe. 
If an abscess forms, it should be opened and washed out the 
same as abscess elsewhere. These cases are always serious and 
require the services of a physician. 

In chronic inflammation or enlargement of the tongue the 
disease is secondary, i. e. , the result of some other trouble, to- 
wards which the treatment should be directed. 

TONSILITIS. — The Pharynx (farinks) commences at the 
back part of the mouth and terminates in the esophagus, or tube 
leading from the throat to the stomach. The pharynx is about 
4^2 inches in length. There are seven openings which communi- 
cate with it: the two nasal cavities; the two eustachian 



346 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

tubes, which lead to the middle ears; the trachea, which leads to 
the lungs; the mouth, which is in front; and the aesophagus, 
into which the pharynx terminates. 

The upper and front part of the mouth has a bony roof 
covered with mucous membrane, and is called the hard palate; 
the back part is formed or composed of soft tissues only, therefore 
is called the soft palate. Arching from either side of the back 
part of the mouth are two folds of mucous membrane which meet 
in the centre; behind these are two more. The four folds contain 
four small muscles. These arches are called the pillars of the soft 
palate. They are separated at the sides of the throat, and meet 
in the center like the letter V. The tonsils are placed between 
them, thus, A , one on either side. 

The tonsils are glandular bodies which vary considerably in 
size. During acute inflammation or chronic enlargement, they 
may be an inch in diameter; normally, they are very small and 
cannot be seen. On the surface of each tonsil there are from 
twelve to fifteen little openings, each extending inward and 
branching into many little follicles, or glandular sacs. Sur- 
rounding each of these sacs are a number of small bodies or 
glands with no external opening. These glands are similar to 
Peyer's glands in the small bowel (see Typhoid Fever). By 
means of lymphatics these ductless glands drain into the deep 
glands of the neck, and thus their secretions reach the general 
circulation. That is one reason why inflammation of the tonsils 
may produce such marked systemic effects. 

Tonsilitis is inflammation of the tonsils. It is sometimes 
called Quinsy. As stated under Diphtheria, quinsy means a chok- 
ing, and may be applied to any of the throat troubles where 
there is inflammation, swelling and difficulty in breathing or 
swallowing. 

Cause. — The cause is the same as that which produces 
ordinary catarrhal colds and sore throat — probably due to atmos- 
pheric changes. 

Symptoms. — In some cases the disease is ushered in with a 
chill, but usually it is not. There is a moderate rise of tempera- 
ture, which may reach as high as 104 ; the tonsils become 
swollen, producing pressure and pain; there is a constant desire 
to clear the throat, and difficulty in swallowing ; the tonsils 
increase in size, and may nearly or altogether close the passage, 
though the act of breathing through the mouth forces an opening. 
In appearance at this time the tonsils are large, and deep red, and 
the surface may be more or less covered with whitish or yellowish 
points. The mucous membranes of the surrounding throat struc- 
tures may be more or less swollen and inflamed. The swelling of 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



347 



the tonsils may be so great that suppuration will take place, in 
which case almost immediate relief will be afforded. Usually, 
however, the disease declines gradually, the fever disappearing 
and the tonsils returning to their normal size; or they may remain 
somewhat enlarged. 

In inflammation and swelling of the throat it is well to 
remember the symptoms of diphtheria. Diphtheria may give the 
same early symptoms as tonsilitis, or as any case of sore throat, 
either mild or severe, but the typical symptom of diphtheria is 
the formation of a membrane, which usually appears on the ton- 
sils at one or more points. These points spread rapidly and join 
together, forming a large leather-colored patch. 

TONSILITIS COMPARED WITH DIPHTHERIA. 



Tonsilitis. 

Points first appearing are 
whitish or light yellow in 
color. 

No membrane, but a white 
exudate of a downy or woolly 
appearance. 

Exudate can usually be 
removed with a soft cloth or 
swab. 

Removal of the exudate 
leaves the surface natural, bar- 
ring its inflamed appearance. 

Exudate stands out like wool 
on a smooth surface without 
any definite outline. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do. — Steep up bitter herbs in a closed vessel — an 
earthen pot or tea-kettle — and steam the patient's throat. Form 
a long tube by rolling up a newspaper. Place one end over the 
spout of the kettle, tie it in place, put the other end in or over 
the mouth, and have him inhale the steam as hot as can be borne 
comfortably. Or, add from ^ to i teaspoonful of Carbolic Acid 
to 2 quarts of boiling water, or the same amount of Turpentine, 
and inhale in the same way. The Carbolic Acid and Turpentine 
are of advantage because of their antiseptic properties; they 
insure cleanliness. 



Diphtheria. 

Points first appearing are 
of a dark, leathery color. 

Smooth membrane of a dark 
grayish or leathery appearance. 

Membrane is firmly adherent 
to the structures or tissues 
beneath. Cannot be removed 
unless torn loose. 

If membrane is torn loose, a 
bleeding surface is left behind. 

Membrane has a well-defined 
border. 



348 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Give warm drinks and put to bed. If the case seems severe 
enough, send for a doctor. An abscess sometimes forms on the 
affected tonsil, and should this occur, have it opened by a doctor 
at the earliest moment. 

A. At the first symptoms of tonsilitis give the patient an 
active cathartic, and give 5 grains of Salicylate of Soda every 
hour until the ears "sing;" after that, give every three hours. 
For the phlegm that collects in the throat, the following gargle 
will be found satisfactory: 

Borax, powdered 2 drachms. 

Salicylate of Soda 2 " 

Glycerine . 4 " 

Water, enough to make 4 ounces. 

Gargle several times a day, or as often as 
necessary. 

If the fever is high, i-drop doses of Tincture of Aconite may 
be given every hour, although this is unimportant; the fever is 
only a symptom, and if the disease is properly cared for, the 
symptom will disappear — so will the disease. 

Another most excellent remedy for internal use is the follow- 
ing: 

Tincture of Aconite £ drop. 

Tincture of Belladonna Leaves fa " 

Tincture of Bryonia fa " 

Red Iodide of Mercury yl^ grain. 

Sulphate of Morphine y^ " 

Salicylate of Soda 1 " 

Oil of Wintergreen fa drop. 

This combination is made in tablet form, 
and each tablet contains the amount given 
here. These tablets may be bought at any drug 
store. 

The value of the tablet resides mostly in the amount of Sali- 
cylate of Soda it contains. Salicylate of Soda is a specific for 
many cases of tonsilitis. The tablets may be given one every 
hour, more or less often according to age. We have used these 
tablets and also the 5 -grain doses of Salicylate of Soda in many 
cases of tonsilitis, and the results have been so uniformly satis- 
factory that we feel confident if the directions are followed, many 
cases of this disease can be aborted. 

The patient should remain indoors for a day or two, if neces- 
sary. If the tonsils become greatly swollen, relief may be had by 
lancing them, cutting in one or more places. This allows them 
to bleed freely and relieves the congestion. If suppuration takes 
place, they should be lanced also. The best treatment for ton- 
sils that are troublesome is to remove them — cut them out. This 
requires but a moment's time and produces no pain. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 349 

Enlarged Tonsils. — Sometimes the tonsils remain perma- 
nently enlarged. In this case it is better to have them removed. 
The operation is neither difficult nor painful. Until this is 
deemed necessary, either of the following may be used to advan- 
tage: 

Treatments. — 

A. Chlorate of Potash y z teaspoonful. 

Sulphite of Soda % 

Put into a glass and fill with warm water. 
Gargle the throat thoroughly with a table- 
spoonful of this solution from three to five 
times a day. 

Also paint the tonsils once in two or three days with the 
Tincture of Iodine, using a small brush. To do this, take a 
spoon handle, or something of the kind, and press the tongue 
down so that the tonsils may be treated readily. The Iodine 
will reduce their size by stimulating the absorption of inflam- 
matory products. 

B. Iodine 2 drachms. , 

Glycerine 6 " 

Mix, and apply daily with a brush. — (45) . 

Note, — The object in adding the Glycerine lies in its power to attract 
water from the tissues beneath the surface to which it is applied. This 
drainage aids in reducing the size of the organ. 

TOOTHACHE.— (See under Teeth). 

TRANCE — MORBID SLEEP.— Trance differs from 
sleep both in time of duration and in the profound insensibility 
to external objects or impressions. Another peculiarity regard- 
ing trance is that it is more apt to follow excitement than fatigue 
or exhaustion. It is said to have occurred epidemically during 
periods of great religious excitement mingled with superstition. 

A mild case resembles sleep, but there is an abnormal insen- 
sibility to external stimulation. The breathing and the pulse 
are quite natural. This form is called Trance Sleep. Or the 
breathing and heart action may be greatly weakened, yet 
perceptible. The joints remain movable, and the position of the 
individual can be easily changed. This condition is sometimes 
spoken of as Trance Coma, meaning deep sleep. In its severest 
form no heart beat or respiration can be detected. The temper- 
ature is subnormal, and the patient takes no nourishment. This 
form is sometimes spoken of as Death Trance. 



350 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment. — 

We have never had occasion to treat any of these cases, and 
so far as we know there is no satisfactory treatment that has 
ever been discovered. However, as a means of aid in reviving 
the patient we would recommend any of the following: 

Inhalations of Nitrite of Amyl. Nitrite of Amyl is a liquid 
and is given by holding the uncorked bottle close to the nose for 
a few seconds at a time. While the effects last but a few 
minutes, they might serve to bring the individual to consciousness. 

Atropine is another remedy, which does not act so quickly, 
but is more lasting. Place ?to °f a grain in powdered form on 
the tongue, and repeat this every hour for two or three doses. 
Under the directions of a doctor perhaps a larger dose could be 
given. 

Glonoin, or Nitro- Glycerine, is another remedy belonging to 
the same class. The results somewhat resemble Nitrite of Amyl. 
The effects are produced rapidly and pass away within an hour. 

Electricity — the Faradic current — is recommended by some. 
Its daily application at the same hour is claimed to have revived 
a patient after all other means had failed. 

We wish also to recommend the rectal injection of two pints 
of water as hot as can be borne. 

If the patient cannot be revived, the question of feeding 
becomes an important one. Liquid food should be given by the 
mouth, if the patient can swallow. Absorption through the skin 
is another means of conveying nourishment. Perhaps Cod Liver 
Oil applied to the surface once or twice a day is as valuable as 
any remedy that can be administered by this method. 

TRICHINA WORM— TRICHINOSIS.— This disease is 
produced by a small worm called trichina. When full grown, it 
is from T ^ to }i of an inch in length. Sometimes the trichina 
inhabits the body of the hog, and when such meat is eaten raw 
or improperly cooked, this minute form of animal life finds its 
way into the digestive tract of man, where it multiplies very 
rapidly, penetrates the walls of the tract and enters the veins, or by 
other means finds its way into muscle tissue, which seems to be its 
natural place of abode. In the muscles the worms become encysted, 
that is, surrounded by a little membranous capsule. Later, 
both the cysts and the worms may become calcified, i. e. , lime salts 
are deposited, and the minute animal life appears as small white 
specks. They may remain encysted for months or years without 
undergoing any change. Should the flesh which they inhabit be 
swallowed by other animals, they would develop and multiply 
in the digestive tract, penetrate the walls of the bowels 
and migrate to muscle tissue, as before. They multiply rapidly 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 351 

in the digestive tract, and it is the young ones that migrate 
to muscle tissue and become encysted. A temperature ot 170 
degrees destroys this form of animal life; salting the meat also 
destroys it. 

Rats are the most common carriers of this form of pest. It 
is not often that thev inhabit the body of hogs. According to 
some authorities they occur only in 1 to 1500 or 2000. 

Cause. — Trichina finding their way into the stomach from 
eating pork when raw or when improperly cooked. 

Symptoms — At first there is loss of appetite, nausea, perhaps 
vomiting, diarrhea and a feeling of languor, and there maybe more 
or less prostration. This condition continues for a week, when the 
patient becomes sore and stiff and is attacked with pain, more or 
less severe. When the trichina enter the muscles, the pain 
is intense, and the slightest effort to move the affected muscle 
causes great pain. The pain is constant, the patient is unable to 
sleep, the face becomes swollen, there is fever and rapid pulse, 
more or less thirst, and profuse perspiration. 

Treatment. — 

Active cathartics might clear the digestive tract of -the 
trouble, but it would have no influence upon the trichina after 
they became encysted. The treatment consists of food, stimu- 
lants and tonics. If only a small number of trichina migrate, 
the patient might recover; if a large number, the attack 
would prove fatal. Glycerine destroys trichina when applied to 
them direct. It does this by absorbing the fluids from the 
minute animal bodies, when they rapidly dry up and die. This 
remedy has been recommended in tablespoonful doses once every 
hour ; but as the Glycerine absorbs so much water before it 
reaches the circulation, and becomes so largely diluted, its effects 
are doubtful. Alcohol has also been recommended, and its effects 
on the trichina are the same as the Glycerine; but it too absorbs 
so much water before and after reaching the circulation that its 
effects are doubtful. 

TUBERCUL9SIS — CONSUMPTION.— Consumption 
is a chronic, constitutional, non-contagious disease. Tubercu- 
losis is a form of consumption in which little nodules or tubercles 
are formed in the affected tissues. Tubercles are small, nodular 
masses, about the size of a millet seed, and are produced by a low 
form of inflammation resulting from self-generated poisons in the 
system. When occurring in the lungs, the usual seat of the 
disease, it is called Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Phthisis or Consumption. 

Consumption is a slow, wasting disease, and its primary cause 
is a lack of nourishment. Following, and as a result of such 



352 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

lack of nourishment, there is first a slight loss of vitality and 
lack of assimilation. The natural resistance of the tissues are 
lessened. The blood lacks the normal elements, and contains 
irritants in the form of waste material due to poor digestion and 
a lack of elimination. Indigestion is present in every case. The 
indigestion may be the result of rapid or excessive eating, poor 
food, unhygienic surroundings, too much hard work, or of the 
prolonged use of alcohol. Constipation is present more or less. 
This means that the digestive tract is unhealthy and that many 
poisons are generated there. It seems hardly necessary to state 
that these poisons enter the circulation, and, acting as irritants, 
produce a low form of inflammation. The inflammation and 
lack of nourishment mean that waste exceeds repair. Each 
organ and each individual cell of the body struggles to carry on 
the unequal contest, and the tissues thus become irritated and 
weakened and fail to appropriate the nourishment brought to 
them. 

Those tissues and organs suffer most that are most liable to 
the morbid influences present. The lungs are most liable for the 
following reasons, hence, as stated, consumption of the lungs is 
the most common form. Nearly all of the blood passes through 
the lungs once every minute. This is not true of any other 
organ in the body except the heart. In the heart the blood 
simply passes from one cavity to another, while in the lungs the 
unhealthy blood must pass through the intricate network of 
small vessels called capillaries. This brings the morbid influ- 
ences of the septic, or unhealthy blood, in direct contact with the 
lung tissue. Again, the lungs have a double circulation; they 
are supplied with two sets of blood vessels. One set supplies 
nourishment, and the other set is for the purification of the 
blood. These two systems of vessels are entirely separate. The 
system which supplies nourishment is given off from the lower 
left cavity of the heart, while that carrying the blood for elimina- 
tion of the poisonous gases mentioned, and for oxidization, comes 
from the right side of the heart. The blood which is sent to 
nourish the lungs is bright red, while that sent for purification is 
dark, venous, and contains many poisons and impurities. 

The system of vessels for the purification of the blood is 
placed just beneath the delicate membrane which lines the air 
cells. As stated elsewhere, it is estimated that there are six 
hundred million air cells in the lungs, and that their combined 
surface is more than seven times greater than the whole outer 
surface of the body. This surface is literally covered with small 
vessels through which the septic blood is constantly pouring. 
With every heart beat the blood is forced into the lungs, where 
it attempts to pass through the capillary network of small 



DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. '353 

vessels; but in a morbid condition it contains many poisons, and 
these, acting as irritants, produce congestion, which later results 
in a low form of inflammation, as stated. The set of vessels 
which surround the air cells is so placed for the purpose of 
giving off waste and absorbing oxygen from the air we breathe. 
The mucous membrane which lines the air cells has the power of 
transmitting carbonic acid gas and other poisonous vapors and 
admitting oxygen, and yet remain proof against the passage of 
the fluid blood. 

During the morbid conditions mentioned above more poisons 
are generated and less oxygen is taken into the system, and the 
oxidation of many products, both in the circulation and in the 
tissues, is interfered with. This lowers the physical force and 
increases the morbid effects already present. As this condition 
increases there is corresponding loss of weight and strength. 
Now some trivial occurrence, such as wet feet or exposure, may 
result in a bronchial catarrh, which ordinarily is easily recovered 
from; but with the lungs previously inflamed and their vitality 
at such a low ebb, the case may easily run into consumption. 

Causes. — Those already mentioned. Dyspepsia is the mother 
of consumption. Every one understands that in every case of con- 
sumption the process of digestion and assimilation suffers more or 
less from the first. It is understood, of course, that heredity may 
be responsible for some cases. A child of tuberculous parents 
may be born with weak lungs or a weak stomach. During child- 
hood days the lymphatic system is most liable to suffer, and 
undoubtedly this accounts for many cases of scrofula (see Tuber- 
culosis of the Lymph Glands) . 

During that form of consumption of the lungs known as 
tuberculosis, the following changes take place: 

Changes Occurring in Tuberculosis . — First, the irritation ex- 
cites inflammation and new tissue growth. The new growth is 
a form of connective tissue, as mentioned under Alcohol and in 
many other places in this work. From its granular appearance 
it is sometimes called embryonic tissue or granulation tissue. 
This new tissue takes no part in the work carried on by the 
organs in which it occurs, but crowds out more or less the natural 
tissue, and the organ or organs are weakened in proportion. A 
dead or dying cell first becomes the center of a tubercle by excit- 
ing inflammation around itself. Dead tissue always excites 
inflammation; it is Nature's method of localizing disease. The 
inflammation surrounding the tubercle is the same as would sur- 
round a bullet, or any other foreign body that might enter the 
lungs. The same condition is present in every abscess. The 
zone of new tissue which surrounds the tubercle or abscess con- 
stitutes the battle line; it is the struggle between the living and 

23 



354 



FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



the dead. The same conditions are present, but more prominent, 
in Gangrene. It has been stated that a dead cell forms the 
center of a tubercle by exciting inflammation around itself. 
Dust may also aid in producing tuberculosis. When the vitality 
of the lungs is at a low ebb, as described, a small portion of dust 
from a mill or factory, or that furnished by the stone cutter or 
iron worker, may lodge in an air cell and form the nucleus or 
center of a tubercle. 

The tubercles do not contain blood vessels. Their lack of 
nourishment and failure to organize as healthy tissue leaves them 
without foundation or support. They are built from septic 
blood, have but little vitality and no duty in life, hence 
easily break down. Many of the new cells mentioned may die 
as a result of pressure upon each other, and also because they do 
not have time to mature. Many white corpuscles or white blood 
cells lodge at these points, lose their vitality and die. The 
blood always contains the elements of fibrine, and these elements, 
escaping from the swollen vessels, unite in the diseased area 
with the white corpuscles and other waste products and form 
the purulent matter which is expectorated. 

It is well known that Nature never maintains a structure for 
nothing. Whether that structure is a whole organ or a single 
cell, makes no difference. When it ceases to be of use to the 
body, Nature immediately seeks to eliminate it. It cannot be 
eliminated whole, hence the various changes through which it 
passes to reach a liquid state. When Nature's efforts fail to 
liquefy and eliminate, the part becomes organized, as stated 
below. 

In all forms of consumption of the lungs the walls of the 
small air tubes, and their dilated extremities, the air cells, are 
thickened by inflammation, and both are more or less filled with 
a catarrhal exudate and embryonic, or undeveloped, tissue. 
These changes and conditions are responsible for the consolidation 
present in the early stages. 

Many cases of consumption are recovered from. Where 
recovery takes place, the diseased portion of the lung may be- 
come calcified, i. e. } lime salts carried by the circulation may be 
gradually deposited in that part. In health the little cells con- 
stituting the lung tissue do not absorb or admit lime salts into 
their structure, but in their diseased and weakened condition 
their selective power is lessened or destroyed. The diseased 
area may also become encysted, i. e., surrounded by a thin mem- 
brane of the connective tissue already mentioned. Later the 
connective tissue may send fibrous bands through the diseased 
part, and it is then said to be organized. Blood vessels are 
supplied, and the healing is permanent, The natural lung 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 355 

tissue, however, is never replaced. Or degeneration may cause 
the tissue to soften and break down — liquefy — and this may be 
followed by absorption, i. e. y be carried away by the circulation; 
or it may be expectorated, or may be disposed of both by ab- 
sorption and expectoration, and the cavity be filled with newly 
organized tissue, as stated. It is by such conditions as these that 
post-mortem examinations demonstrate that consumption has 
existed in some part of the lungs at some time. 

Arteries last longer than lung tissue, hence they may extend 
through a cavity where lung tissue is destroyed. As the disease 
continues, they gradually become weaker until they may rupture 
during the act of coughing, causing hemorrhage, and sometimes, 
death. Or the inflammation may allow blood clots to form in 
the arteries, and they may be obliterated before the advancing 
disease can reach them. This would lessen nutrition and hasten 
the disease. An artery may be weakened where it is in close 
relation with the cavity. This would cause bulging into the 
cavity and constitute an aneurism (see Aneurism). As fast as 
the cavity increases the aneurism may continue and fill it, until 
rupture occurs, which would result in fatal hemorrhage. 

Quick Consumption. — In quick consumption death occurs 
before many of the changes have time to occur. The cause of 
quick consumption is, that the system is so overcome with self- 
generated poisons, as described, that degenerative changes occur 
in different parts of the body at the same time — the lungs, pleura, 
digestive tract, peritoneum, kidneys, liver, brain, etc. These 
cases prove rapidly fatal. 

Symptoms. — The development of the disease is insidious and 
without the patient's knowledge. There may be a gradual loss 
of flesh and strength without any known cause. There are 
digestive disturbances, poor appetite, constipation, or, if consti- 
pation is not present, the digestive tract is unhealthy. There is 
a dry cough, a sense of languor, weariness, and sensitiveness to 
cold. Exertion causes shortness of breath. There is a slight 
rise in temperature in the afternoon, which may be preceded by 
a sensation of chilliness during the morning. The fever is higher 
in the evening and absent in the morning. With the fever there 
is an increased pulse rate. The patient presents a pallid appear- 
ance. There may be pain in that part of the lung first affected. 
In what is called the second stage, the diseased tissue commences 
to break down and liquefy. This is indicated by increased 
cough, and by more or less increased expectoration. There is 
also an increased loss of strength. As the disease continues and 
the patient grows weaker, there are night sweats and increased 
emaciation. In all of these conditions the patient remains 
hopeful. 



356 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatments. — 

A. We have had a good deal of experience in the treatment 
of consumption, and wish to state clearly that it is our opinion 
that drug medication is of but little value. We have been 
intimately associated with consumptives who have taken med- 
icines for weeks and months. Many high priced remedies were 
used, some manufactured in this country and some coming from 
Germany, but the results were always the same — the disease 
steadily progressed. If the patient desires to take medicine, the 
following is recommended: 

Fowler's Solution 3 drachms. 

Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites.. 5 ounces. 
Maltine, or some good preparation 
of Extract of Malt 10 

Put into a pint bottle, mix by shaking the 
bottle, and take a tablespoonful just before or 
immediately after meals. 

This aids digestion, and is more in the nature of a food than 
a medicine. 

The most successful element in the treatment of consump- 
tion is found in improved hygienic measures, such as occupation, 
diet, clothing, and abundance of fresh air. Out-of-door exercise 
should be daily indulged in, but never carried to the point of 
fatigue. The patient should practice deep breathing in the open 
air, he should sit or stand erect, the shoulders should be drawn 
backwards and upwards, and the skin should be kept active by 
frequent bathing. Large, well- ventilated sleeping rooms should 
be secured. Diet should be of the most nourishing kind, as 
eggs, milk, meat, bread and such other food products of this 
nature as may be desired by the patient. Any article interfering 
with digestion or nutrition, however, should be promptly set 
aside. The patient should be strengthened by every known 
means, and nothing is so well suited for this purpose as pure 
water, good food, fresh air, sunshine, and absolute freedom of 
mind and body. 

Digestion is always interfered with in consumption, and 
when food does not digest it ferments and forms many poisons 
which are absorbed into the system. This lowers the strength 
and vitality of the patient and renders him less capable of resist- 
ing the disease already present. Antiseptics to render the 
digestive tract free from such fermentative changes are always 
valuable, and for this purpose perhaps nothing is better than 
Salol or the Sulphocarbolates ( see Typhoid Fever) . Render- 
ing the digestive tract healthy aids in relieving fever and night 
sweats. Night sweats are the result of weakness; fever is caused 
by the poisons in the system ( see Fever) ; both are a drain 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 357 

upon the patient. Antiseptics aid in removing this condition 
and increase the value of food products. This means an increase 
in strength and vitality. 

Disinfectants, such as those mentioned, may be used in the 
digestive tract with a reasonable degree of certainty; but with 
medicines it is different. Owing to the numerous changes which 
medicines undergo after they enter the circulation, their effect 
upon the lungs is doubtful, and usually without value. It is 
well known that drug medication produces little, if any, effect 
upon the disease. Any improvement in the consumptive must 
be brought about by natural means, as described. The result 
must come through natural channels. There is no specific. The 
many high-priced remedies and methods are of no value. 

Regarding climate, if going away breaks up all former asso- 
ciations and habits, causes business losses that cannot well be 
borne and renders life a burden, then the patient had much 
better remain at home. If the favorable influence of a better climate 
can be obtained in accordance with the patient's former habits 
and with due regard to his means, occupation, associations and 
contentment, then the prospects will be more hopeful. 

B. Live and sleep out of doors. Get into pine woods, if 
possible. Never go inside of a building. — (59). 

C. I will here give a specific treatment in the first stage and 
often in the second: 

Calomel T V of a grain four times daily. 

Tincture of Iodine — dose, 5 drops in a glass of fresh milk 
three times a day between meals. 

Thorough massage every one or two days and anointing with 
Cocoanut or Olive Oil. 

Proper diet, etc. 

This treatment will work wonders if persevered in for weeks, 

and months even. — (30). 

Note — The Calomel is of benefit in keeping the liver active, which is 
very important. The Iodine acts as a disinfectant, hence is also of value. 
The Cocoanut and Olive Oils are merely a means of giving nourishment. 

D. Change of climate. Fresh air. Liberal diet. Rest during 
state of fever. — (39). 

E. Creosote — 8 to 15 drops in one cup of hot water after 
meals. 

The most nourishing diet should accompany this treatment. 

-(26). 

Note. — Iyike the Iodine recommended above, Creosote is believed to be 
of value as a disinfectant in the circulation. If unable to take in water, 
take in milk, in capsule, or by other means. If there is evidence that it 
disturbs the stomach, its use should be discontinued for a time. 

F. Glycerine and best rye whisky, equal parts, to be taken 
freely. — (41). 



358 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

CONSUMPTION— CIRRHOSIS OF THE LUNGS. 

— There is another recognized form of consumption known as 
cirrhosis, or hardening, of the lungs. This disease is caused by 
irritants, such as dust, irritating gases, etc., hence is most fre- 
quently met in those who work in shops, factories, mills, stone 
quarries, iron works, and those who manufacture chemicals 
where irritating gases are produced. The disease consists of a 
slow process of inflammation, which begins in the upper or larger 
bronchial tubes, and, extending downward, enters the various 
branches of the air passages; hence all of both lungs are more or 
less affected, and therein lies the danger. The result of this 
inflammation is overgrowth and subsequent contraction of con- 
nective tissue. The lungs become shrunken and hardened, and 
the process may continue until the organs are only one-half, one 
third or even one-fourth their natural size. 

When in this condition, or during this slow process of irrita- 
tion and inflammation of the lungs, some trivial occurrence, as 
wet feet or exposure, may result in bronchial catarrh, which 
ordinarily is easily recovered from, but with the lungs previously 
inflamed and their vitality at a low ebb, an acute attack of 
pneumonia or tuberculosis may be precipitated, and under such 
conditions usually proves rapidly fatal. 

Treatment. — 

Since the disease depends upon irritating dust or vapors, it 
follows that those suffering from this trouble must secure a 
change of atmosphere, in fact, change to an atmosphere that is 
healthful and free from irritants constitutes the ideal treatment 
or management of a case of this kind. The capacity of the 
lungs has been destroyed to some extent, and a man suffering 
with this trouble would not have normal physical endurance 
even if the disease was checked; there would still remain a loss 
of lung power, lack of oxygen and interference with elimination, 
and there would be greater liability to tuberculosis and other 
diseases. The suggestions and treatment given under Tuber- 
culosis are applicable to Cirrhosis of the Lungs. 

After a change of atmosphere and occupation, and in order 
to free the lungs from inflammatory products, some of the 
Iodides should be taken for a time. Perhaps the Syrup of 
Hydriodic Acid is as good as any. Take a teaspoonful four 
times a day — between meals and at bedtime. If there is any 
evidence of a catarrhal condition of the eyes, lessen the dose, 
taking about one-half the amount. Any other preparation of 
Iodine may be taken, if preferred. It should be continued for a 
month or two. 




■• 



'" ./" - 



No. 7. 

i, Vein. 2, Artery. 3, Salivary Duct. 4, 5, Salivary Glands. 6, Vein. 
7, Lymphatic Gland. 8, Vein. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 359 

TUBERCULOSIS OF THE LYMPH GLANDS- 
SCROFULA. — In order to properly understand this disease, it 
is necessary first to give a description of the 

Lymphatic Vessels and Glands. — All parts of the body 
are pervaded by a system of vessels called the lymphatics. In 
structure these vessels somewhat resemble the arteries and the 
veins, although they are much thinner — so thin and transparent 
that the fluid which circulates through them can be plainly seen. 
This system of vessels is sometimes called the absorbents, because 
they absorb certain waste material or products in all parts of the 
body and return them to the heart, or near the heart, where they 
are emptied into the veins. The veins carry these products into 
the heart and they are passed on through the lungs, where many 
of the impurities are eliminated or purified by the oxygen 
inhaled during respiration. 

The lymphatic vessels commence, or have their origin, in 
certain minute spaces or clefts found in connective tissue between 
adjoining cells, and as this connective tissue acts as a framework 
for all the organs and structures in the body, it follows that the 
lymphatic vessels may also be found in every organ and struc- 
ture. In the digestive tract the lymphatics are supposed to 
commence by a system of closed extremities; that is, they do not 
communicate directly with the digestive tract, but nourishment 
is taken up by them through the process of absorption. 

The circulation of the lymph differs from that of the 
blood. The blood is sent out through one system of vessels called 
arteries, and the same blood, containing many impurities, is 
returned through another system of vessels called veins ; but the 
lymph flows only in one direction, i. e. y towards the heart. 
Beginning as minute and delicate vessels between the little cells 
of the various organs and membranes mentioned, the lymphatics 
gradually become larger and join together, forming large trunks, 
which empty into the veins near the heart, as stated. 

What are called the lacteals are the lymphatics leading from 
the small bowel. They are so named because they contain a 
light-colored fluid resembling milk; lac means milk, hence lacteals 
— milk-like. This fluid is also called chyle. It is the product of 
digestion which has been absorbed and is being carried from the 
digestive tract to the thoracic duct. The thoracic ducf is a large 
duct or channel for all of the lymphatics of the body, except 
those of the right side of the head, neck, right side of the chest 
cavity, right side of the heart, right lung and upper portion of 
the liver. It is 15 to 18 inches in length, and commences close 
to the spinal column in the abdominal cavity near the small of 
the back. It passes through the chest cavity, runs parallel with 
the spinal column and a little below the level of the collar bone, 



-5o FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

arches forward, and empties into a large vein on the left side 
near the heart. The lymphatics of the right side of the head, 
neck, right lung, right side of the heart, right side of the chest 
cavity and right arm, unite to form a common duct or channel 
which empties into a corresponding vein on the right side. 

What are called lymphatic glands are small oval bodies situ- 
ated along the lymphatic vessels, so that the lymph passes 
through them in its course to the heart. Each gland has a small 
depression on one side where the blood vessels enter, also where 
the veins leave the glands. What are called glands are simply 
dilatations in the lymphatic vessels. The two outer coats of the 
vessels expand and form what is called the capsule, and from the 
inner surface of the capsule small processes pass from side to 
side, dividing the gland into many compartments or spaces. 
These spaces communicate with each other. The blood vessels 
which supply the gland are supported by the processes which 
pass through it, dividing it into the various spaces mentioned. 
Nerve fibers are also said to be found in the glands. When the 
two outer coats of the vessels expand to form the glands, the 
inner coat, which consists of a single layer of cells joined edge to 
edge like a stone pavement, divides into several branches, and 
these delicate branches are continued through the gland, re-unite 
at the opposite side, and pass out as a single vessel in company 
with the arteries and veins. Their passage through the glands 
is very tortuous, made so by the passage from one apartment to 
another. This retards the flow of lymph, and allows poisonous 
and morbid matter of all kinds to collect, hence the swelling of 
these glands from disease, as they retain many impurities and 
poisons. 

Scrofula. — Some claim that scrofula is tuberculosis of the 
lymph glands; others claim that it is not. Some claim that it is 
tuberculosis in a latent form, and remains so until some cause or 
condition stimulates its active development. Probably in the 
majority of cases what is called scrofula is a condition rather than 
a disease — a condition in which the general system is unhealthy 
and the resisting powers are low; and the glands, by reason of 
their structure, as already described, are especially liable, as 
poisons and impurities of all kinds collect in them. Eczema, 
some forms of inflammation of the eye, such as granulated lids 
or ulcer of the cornea, chronic catarrhal inflammation of the 
nasal passages, also a catarrhal condition of the middle ear or 
outer canal, often accompany the condition known as scrofula. 
Surely these conditions are not tuberculous, but are rather 
the result of general ill health, bad air, poor food, etc. It is 
understood, of course, that scrofulous subjects are more liable to 
tuberculosis, and also to other diseases. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 36^ 

Scrofula is always a chronic condition. If only the super- 
ficial glands are affected, recovery is the rule and the disease is 
not apt to return; if the deeper glands are invaded, as those of 
the lungs, bronchial tubes, abdominal cavity, joints, etc., the 
disease becomes graver. When the joints are attacked, it may 
result in the condition known as White Swelling. It is usually a 
disease of childhood. 

Cause. — The disease may be hereditary. One or both par- 
ents may be tuberculous, syphilitic, or for some other reason 
possess poor health. It may be acquired, that is, brought on by 
poor food, bad air, exposure and other conditions resulting in 
improper care of the child. It may result from faulty nutrition, 
as where a child one or two years of age is fed too much meat 
and other hearty foods, resulting in indigestion and an unhealthy 
system. It may result from vaccination, measles, whooping 
cough, and perhaps from other diseases. 

Changes Occurring in Scrofula. — The glands first become 
swollen and inflamed. If the glands of the lungs or bronchial 
tubes are affected, adhesions may form and ulceration may 
penetrate the aesophagus or aorta. The first is the tube which 
leads to the stomach; the second is the large artery that passes 
down through the chest cavity. If the glands of the abdominal 
cavity are involved, adhesions may form and ulcerate into the 
bowels. These changes do not often occur. 

The periosteum, or thin membrane which surrounds the 
bones, may become involved and inflamed, and the inflammation 
may result in suppuration, which may break through on the 
surface and result in a chronic discharge. The bone beneath 
the affected periosteum would finally be destroyed, and the dis- 
charge would become still more chronic. The center of the bone 
may be attacked first. The unhealthy blood may cause inflam- 
mation in the marrow of the bone, and the inflammation extend 
toward the surface. In this case the invasion of the periosteum 
would be secondary. The disease is chronic, or of slow growth, 
and a mild form of inflammation of the periosteum might exist 
for some time before it was destroyed. All bone receives its 
nourishment from vessels given off from the periosteum, hence 
the low form of inflammation would result in an increase of the 
blood supply and there would be an increase of the bone on the 
surface. This would cause the bone to become enlarged, that is, 
its circumference would become greater, while its central part 
would be more or less destroyed. The bones of the thigh, leg, 
arm, or those of the spinal column, may become affected. When 
the spinal column is attacked, the destruction of bone weakens 
the support and results in curvature of the spine. This is called 
Pot? s Disease . When occurring near the ends of the bones and 



362 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

pus forms, it breaks into the joint, causing the white swelling 
already mentioned; occurring in the hip joint, it constitutes Hip 
Joint Disease. These affections are described under Bone 
Diseases. Occurring in the middle ear, it would result in 
destruction of the periosteum covering the chain of movable 
bones, or it might extend to the mastoid process and by destruc- 
tion of bone reach the brain, resulting in brain abscess. 

The more serious forms here described are not often met. 
Usually it is the more superficial glands that are affected, and of 
these perhaps those of the neck are oftenest invaded. 

Symptoms. — The affected glands become enlarged. At first 
the glands are movable, but later the inflammation extends to 
the skin, the skin becomes somewhat reddened and the glands 
more adherent. In case of suppuration the abscess might break 
on the surface and result in a chronic discharge, or "run- 
ning sore. ' ' There is frequently, but not always, some form of 
skin disease, of which eczema is the most frequent. There may 
be a catarrhal condition of the nasal cavities. The discharge in 
such cases is unhealthy, the nose is swollen, and the upper lip 
may become involved and swollen. When the periosteum or 
membrane covering the bones of the nose becomes inflamed, the 
bone beneath dies for want of nourishment. This results in a 
thin, purulent discharge from the nose, which gives a very- 
offensive odor. The tonsils are often enlarged. Unhealthy 
sores may occur in the skin. If the middle ear or external canal 
is involved, there is a chronic discharge, as in other situations. 
The child at the same time shows a general condition of ill 
health. The most prominent symptom is enlargement of the 
glands. Occurring in the neck, the side of the neck becomes 
swollen. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment should be general. Where there is suppura- 
tion, local treatment is also required. The disease is systemic — 
the whole system is unhealthy, and it can be readily seen that 
successful or satisfactory results can be obtained only with the 
most careful attention to diet and hygiene. The treatment re- 
quired in this respect is the same as that given under tuberculosis. 
Where the child is pale and anaemic, Syrup of Iodide of Iron in 
from 5- to 10- or 15-grain doses should be given according to age. 
Give diluted with a little Glycerine and water between meals and 
at bedtime. From 2- to 3- or 5 -grain doses of Salol, or the 
Sulphocarbolates (see Index), should also be given at meal time, 
and the bowels kept regular. 

Cod L,iver Oil is highly recommended for this and many 
other diseases, yet the benefit of Cod Liver Oil is simply in the 



DISH ASUS AND TREATMENTS. 363 

nourishment that it contains. In many cases it is almost impos- 
sible to give it because of its taste. For cases of this kind we 
especially recommend the preparation of Cod Iyiver Oil found in 
the Miscellaneous Medical Receipts (see Index) . To be of 
value it must be given in large doses — from 2 to 4 or more tea- 
spoonfuls at meal time. 

Where the spine is affected, where there is suppuration into 
joints, or where the glands of the neck are involved, surgical 
treatment is required. 

TUMORS. — A tumor is an overgrowth or abnormal de- 
velopment. Inflammatory swellings are sometimes called tumors, 
but tumors differ both in shape and size from the normal tissue 
in which they are found. The growth of a tumor is independent, 
that is, it is continued when the rest of the body is only being 
maintained in its normal state; or when the tumor is growing the 
body may be losing in weight. This is especially true of cancer. 
Those tumors which end fatally are termed malignant; those which 
are not destructive to life are called benign. 

Tumors are named according to the part in which they are 
found, thus: Ckojidroma means a tumor springing from cartilage; 
osteoma, one springing from bone; myoma, springing from muscle; 
neuroma, a nerve tumor; myxoma (mucous), so-called when 
degenerative changes have produced a gelatinous substance re- 
sembling mucus; lipoma, a tumor containing much fat. Birth 
marks are sometimes called angioma, meaning a blood tumor, 
and are caused by the dilatation of blood vessels which lie just 
beneath the skin. 

Benign tumors, or those not destructive to life, are common 
connective tissue overgrowths. Usually their only danger is 
their mechanical interference with the surrounding structures. 
However, they may rotate at the point where they are attached 
(pedicle) , and this may cause pressure and check the return circula- 
tion. In this case the veins would become congested, and might 
rupture and be followed by hemorrhage. Inflammation or sup- 
puration might follow, or inflammatory adhesion might occur, 
the tumor becoming attached to some of the surrounding 
tissues or structures. It might grow fast to the bowel and this 
might cause inflammation and perforation into the digestive 
tract, and be followed by death (seldom). Pressure might 
cause inflammation of the kidneys, constipation, spasms or local 
paralysis, or the pressure might interfere with the circulation, 
cause enlargement of the heart and be followed by degenerative 
changes. None of these conditions often occur, yet they should 
be considered of sufficient importance for the removal of benign 
tumors. 



364 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment. — Surgical. 

TYPHOID FEVER.— (See under Fevers). 

TYPHOID PNEUMONIA. — (See Pneumonia under 

lyUNGS, DISEASES OF). 

TYPHUS FEVER.— (See under Fevers). 

UREMIA. — Uraemia is a condition where the blood is 
poisoned by the retention of urea and other waste products that 
are normally eliminated by the kidneys. The trouble is mostly 
due to the retention of urea. 

Cause. — Suppression or decrease in the amount of urine 
eliminated; hence it may follow Bright' 's Disease, tumors that 
make pressure on the kidneys, Tuberculosis, or any condition or 
disease that interferes with the action of the kidneys. The 
more serious forms of this disease are probably the result of 
pregnancy where the enlarged uterus crowds upon and inter- 
feres with the kidney action. 

Symptoms. — First there is a decrease in the amount of urine. 
Where the case is not severe, the symptoms may come on grad- 
ually in the form of headache, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, 
vomiting, and chills or chilliness. The mind may become dull, 
stupor may result, and this may increase to profound coma. 

The disease is most often encountered in cases of confine- 
ment. Here the symptoms are apt to be more sudden and severe. 
The first symptom may be that of convulsions, which, if not 
relieved, follow each other in rapid succession. The patient may 
scarcely regain consciousness between the convulsive attacks. If 
relief is not had, death soon follows ( see Puerperal Convul- 
sions) . 

Some cases of uraemia may resemble apoplexy; for instance, 
where unconsciousness is present and convulsions are absent, but 
in apoplexy there is paralysis, elevation of temperature, and deep, 
heavy breathing — sjioring. In uraemic coma or sleep the breath- 
ing is sharper and more rapid, the temperature is below normal, 
and the urine contains albumen. It should be remembered that 
the urine of a person suffering with apoplexy may also contain 
albumen. Apoplexy usually comes on suddenly; a uraemic attack 
may do the same. In apoplexy there are no convulsions; in 
uraemic poisoning convulsions are the rule. 

Treatment. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Uraemic poisoning always 
requires the services of a physician. On the first indication of 
such poisoning send for the doctor, and in the meantime make 
every effort to produce profuse perspiration. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 365 

Where there are no convulsions and the symptoms do not 
indicate immediate danger, git e an active cathartic, put the patient 
to bed, cover with heavy qui>s, give hot drinks, and put a large 
hot poultice across the small of the back over the kidneys. This 
should be changed frequently. Many families have what are 
called hot air bath cabinets, in which sweating is produced by 
means of an alcohol lamp. Where such conveniences are at hand, 
they may be used in place of the hot drinks and heavy quilts 
mentioned. Profuse sweating is somewhat debilitating, and 
especially to a patient suffering with this disease, hence free ven- 
tilation or a free exchange of air should be maintained — if not 
during the process of sweating, it should be provided for imme- 
diately afterwards. With plenty of clothing or covering there 
will be no danger of taking cold. Stimulants should be given, if 
needed. 

After free elimination has been secured both by the skin and 
bowels, the patient should be put on a milk diet as described 
under Bright' s Disease. 

When the attack is ushered in with convulsions, see treat- 
ment under Puerperal Convulsions. 

URIC ACID. — Uric acid is a product of digestion resulting 
principally from animal food, as meat and eggs. It is irritating 
to the system, and its presence is believed to be one of the causes 
for many diseases, both acute and chronic. When present, it is 
carried by the circulation and is continually rasping through the 
system, producing pain and inflammation. 

Symptoms. — Its presence may be suspected when any of the 
symptoms of neuralgia or muscular rheumatism are present. 

Treatments. — 

A. An infallible remedy is to live on vegetables, cereals and 
fruits. Eat no meat, and rn three months all uric acid will have 
vanished. This never fails. If you will show me one who never 
eats meat of any kind, I will show you one that never has rheu- 
matism, neuralgia or gout; yes, and no malaria. — (30). 

B. Small daily doses of alkali, such as Lithium Citrate or 
Carbonate, together with abstemious and restricted diet. — (31). 

C. Large draughts of hot water with steam or sweat baths. 
Some natural Lithia water is better than pure water. — (32). 

D. Potassium Bicarbonate 2 drachms. 

Citric Acid..... 10 grains. 

Water 3 ounces. 

Mix. Take tablespoonful in water every 
four hours. — (34). 



366 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Note. — Remedies to neutralize or eliminate uric acid afford but tem- 
porary relief. So long as the acid is being continually generated in the 
system all treatment will fail, or at least prove unsatisfactory. Treatment 
to be of benefit must consist of preventive measures, and this means a 
vegetable diet. 

URINE, INCONTINENCE OF.— (See under Chil- 
dren's Diseases.) 

URINE, RETENTION OF.— (See also under Bladder, 
Diseases of) . 

Recommended Treatments. — 

A. Hot baths aided by hot drinks to produce sweating are 
among the simple and very efficient remedies. — (40). 

B. Hot applications over bladder. Stand behind patient 
and pour water from one dish to another to make a sound like 
that of passing urine. — (41). 

C. Water-melon seed tea. — (20). 

D. Hot baths to produce sweating. Cream of Tartar — tea- 
spoonful in water every three hours until bowels move. — (39). 

E. Let some one in the presence of the patient pour from 
one vessel to another a small stream of water. Place flannel 
wrung out of hot water over lower part of abdomen. — (35). 

F. Injections of large quantities of very warm water per 
rectum. — (29). 

G. Application of cloths wrung out of hot vinegar. — (55). 

URINE, PAINFUL.— (See Dysuria, under Bladder, 
Diseases of). 

VARICOSE VEINS.— In this condition the veins are 
permanently dilated or enlarged. The enlargement is not uniform, 
being greater in some parts than others. This gives the vein a 
tortuous course, which is rendered still more tortuous because 
of the fact that the vein is considerably lengthened. 

The bulging or dilatation commences wherever the walls of 
the veins are weakened, perhaps more often just behind the 
valves. Nearly all of the veins of the body are supplied with 
valves, which aid in the return circulation — that carrying the 
venous blood to the heart. Another point that is apt to be 
weakened is where the small veins join the larger trunk or 
channel. As the veins become dilated, the valves do not fit and 
fail to aid in the onflow of blood. This allows dilatation to in- 
crease still more. When the trouble affects the valves of the 
spermatic vein, it is called Varicocele; when affecting those in the 
lower rectum, it is called Hemorrhoids^ or Piles. It may occur in 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. $6? 

the leg during or soon after pregnancy when this condition ob- 
structs the return flow to such an extent that dilatation of the 
vein results. 

Cause. — There are several causes which influence this 
condition. The most important is a weak heart action. 

Symptoms. — Dilatation of the veins, tortuous course and dis- 
coloration. The veins look darker than usual because the flow 
of blood is sluggish and contains an abnormal amount of 
impurities. 

Treatments. — 

A. Many cases may be benefited by strengthening the heart 
action and by having the patient lie down several hours during 
the day, at the same time giving careful attention to diet, good 
ventilation, etc. In varicocele of the leg, the greatest benefit 
results from bandaging. A cloth bandage is often used. A 
rubber bandage about two or three inches wide is better. Best 
of all in this form of treatment is a silk elastic stocking. These 
are made to fit any part of the leg. The trouble is usually most 
severe below the knee. Measurement should be taken in the 
morning before the patient gets up. Take a tape line, draw it 
quite snug, and measure accurately the distance around the instep 
and hollow of the foot, around the heel and over the instep, 
around the ankle, around the largest part of the calf of the leg, 
and around the smallest part just below the knee. The silk stock- 
ing should be ordered to correspond to such measurement. 
It can be ordered by any druggist. Many cases are very satis- 
factorily treated by this method. Both limbs are usually affected. 

Surgical treatment consists of making an incision, or usually 
a number of incisions, down to the vein, tying it at different 
points and excising or removing the part between the ligatures. 
In the leg the vein in most cases is easily reached because it is 
superficial, lying just beneath the skin. This is another reason 
why such veins are most often affected. They have no muscular 
support other than that found in the walls of the veins 
themselves. 

In Varicocele the bandaging is replaced by a supensory band. 
If this fails, the vein is sometimes treated surgically. In case of 
Hemorrhoids, see treatment under that head. 

B. In the legs, bandage from the toes up with elastic bandage. 
-(32)- 

C. Five drops Extract of Witch Hazel four times a day. 
Rubber stocking on limbs. — (41). 



VENEREAL DISEASES. 



SYPHILIS. — Syphilis is a chronic constitutional disease. 
It is also infectious, and may readily be conveyed from one to 
another. It may be hereditary or acquired; most cases are 
acquired. It may be communicated in many ways, as by pipes, 
drinking cups, or any condition or circumstance that brings the 
individual in contact with the poison wherever it may exist. 
The disease is usually communicated, however, by venereal 
practice, and makes its appearance about the third week after 
exposure and invasion. 

There are said to be three stages of this disease, but the first 
two only properly belong to syphilis. What is called the third 
stage is not syphilis. The disease proper is not present. The 
conditions are simply those of a wrecked and wasted constitution 
as a result of the chronic inflammation spread throughout the 
system by this disease. It may be communicated in the first or 
second stage, but not in the third stage. 

First Stage. — The first outward effect of syphilis is limited 
to the point where the inoculation occurs, and is in the form of a 
small sore called chancre — meaning cancerous — because of its 
tendency to destroy. This sore may appear any time from ten 
to ninety- five days after exposure — never earlier or later. 

Second Stage. — This stage includes the rash, and usually 
makes its appearance about six weeks after the appearance of 
the primary sore. In this stage the disease affects the skin, 
mucous membrane, and various other structures of the body. 

Third Stage. — This stage makes its appearance from two 
to five years after the beginning of the attack. In those who 
are physically weak, it might appear earlier. It consists of 
chronic lumpy or gummy growths, which may ulcerate, and 
which possess an inherited tendency to destroy tissue. Any or 
all of the important organs, such as the liver, lungs, kidneys, 
brain, spinal cord, etc., may be attacked. The disease also 
attacks and destroj^s bone as readily as other structures. 

Cause. — The cause is a specific virus or poison, which has 
never been discovered, therefore cannot be described. Syphilis, 
small-pox, hydrophobia, scarlet fever and other diseases, are 
caused by a specific poison. This poison produces what is called 
a zymotic or diseased fermentation in the system, just as yeast 
cells produce fermentation in bread-making. Yeast is composed 

368 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 369 

of small cells, about -g-oW of an inch in diameter. The products 
of a diseased fermentation in the body resulting from a specific 
poison or virus produce a morbid effect upon the system, and 
affect the appetite and the red blood corpuscles. The blood 
becomes diseased, and the tissues throughout the body are 
brought under these lowering tendencies. 

Symptoms of the First Stage. — The first symptom of syphilis 
is the appearance of the initial sore or chancre. This occurs at 
the point where the inoculation took place, and is followed by 
what is called buboes — swelling of the glands in the groin. The 
disease is constitutional from the beginning; that is, it is not 
confined to the initial sore. A chancre is but a local manifesta- 
tion of a systemic disease; in other words, with the first appear- 
ance of the sore the man has syphilis. Chancre is a small hard 
swelling, the result of inflammation. There is no pus from the 
chancre, though if other sores, such as chancroid, occur with 
chancre, pus may form. If there are more than one chancre, 
they all appear at the same time. A chancre disappears with the 
secondary symptoms, whether it has been treated or not. 

Chancroid. — The name chancroid is applied to a sore that 
resembles chancre. This form may occur with chancre or may 
follow chancre, occurring at different points at different times. A 
chancroid appears from three to nine days after exposure, and 
there are usually more than one. 

If more than one true chancre 
occurs, they occur all at once. 



True chancre never appears 
before ten days after exposure, 
or later than ninety-five days, 
— usually three weeks after. 

True chancres are hard. 

True chancres do not ulcerate, 
and bleed easily. 

In true chancre the glands in 
the groin always enlarge, but 
seldom suppurate. Suppuration 
occurs in about one case in 
twenty-eight. 

Enlargement of the glands 
in the groin may follow gonor- 
rhea. 

In true chancre the glands 
are movable. 
24 



Chancroid is a local disease, 
and each succeeding sore means 
a new infection from the one 
before it. 

Chancroid, or false chancre, 
always appears before ten days 
— usually from three to five 
days after exposure. 

False chancres are soft. 

False chancres ulcerate and 
do not bleed. 

In false chancre the glands 
enlarge on an average in only 
one-third of the cases, and 
always suppurate. 



In false chancre they are not. 



370 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



Over false chancre the skin 
is red and inflamed. 

Following false chancre, 
these glands do not enlarge. 



Over true chancre the skin is 
natural. 

With or before the appear- 
ance of the secondary stage in 
syphilis, the glands at the back 
of the neck and elbow enlarge. 

Symptoms of the Second Stage. — The symptoms of secondary 
syphilis may occur soon after the appearance of the chancre or 
may be delayed for two years. At the beginning of this stage 
there is a rash covering the body and upper and lower extremi- 
ties, and also appearing on the face and hands. Before the 
appearance of the rash there are usually some constitutional 
symptoms. The patient does not feel well, and perhaps does not 
sleep well. There is disturbance of the appetite, there may be 
slight fever and headache, and in some cases there are chills. 
These symptoms disappear with the appearance of the rash. 

There are several forms of the rash. There may be pimples, 
vesicles or pustules. If a pimple enlarges and contains fluid, it 
is called a vesicle; if the fluid in the vesicle changes to pus, it is 
called a pustule. Sometimes the pimples are bright red at first, 
and the skin may have a reddish appearance, but the color soon 
becomes darker. Or there may be tubercles. The tubercles in- 
dicate a more serious condition. 

Usually the rash comes out in large, coarse spots. These spots 
have well defined borders, that is, they do not merge gradually 
into the healthy skin, but the edge remains distinct and is easily 
recognized. The spot presents a bronze or copper color. In all 
forms of syphilis there is a copper-colored tinge to the rash. 
When pimples or vesicles occur, they are surrounded by a copper- 
colored ring. 

Tubercles do not often appear. When they do, they are 
large, and of a dark, muddy, or bluish-red color. They ulcerate 
and give a very foul odor. The discharge may dry on the sur- 
face, forming crusts or scales, and when these are removed, 
ulceration will be found going on beneath. As stated, this is 
evidence of a very serious case. 

During the secondary stage the hair may fall out. Usually 
the hair comes out in patches here and there, but the patient 
may become entirely bald. The finger nails may become loosened 
and drop off. The mucous membrane is also affected in this 
stage. Patches of mucous membrane in the nose, mouth and 
throat, may become inflamed and ulcerate. 

Symptoms of the Third Stage. — What is called the third 
stage is not syphilis. The man may be shattered, debilitated, 
devitalized — may be a physical wreck covered with great sores 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 371 

which are eating their way through his body, but he has not 
syphilis. Syphilis is a disease that is readily communicated from 
one to another. It may be communicated by the blood, or by the 
secretions of the body. In what is called the third stage the disease 
cannot be transmitted to another. There is no poison or virus 
present in the system. The man has not the disease. His con- 
dition is simply the result of the poisons that have been present. 
It is simply the evidence of the terrible struggle which has been 
going on for months, and perhaps years. Nutrition is at a low 
ebb. The powers of resistance are lacking, hence the large ulcers 
that appear here and there, meeting with little or no opposition, 
make rapid and fatal inroads, destroying all structures, whether 
of bone or soft tissue. At this time any tissue may be attacked 
— the liver, lungs, brain, spinal cord, the nose, or upper jaw. 
Syphilis is a common cause of Locomotor Ataxia. 

During this stage also, large gummy tumors are formed, so- 
called because they are soft and later break down and may 
ulcerate. Nutrition is so low and the tissues attacked have been 
so saturated with poison that the inflamed areas cannot organize, 
hence the appearance of the condition termed gummy. The 
morbid effects of these tumors or sores, when once started, easily 
maintain control over the surrounding tissues, and thus they 
" eat" their way through all structures. 

Treatment. — 

We admit we have treated but a limited number of these 
cases, yet we have seen the disease in its worst form, where the 
patient was devoid of all resemblance to a human being — nose 
gone, eyelids gone, lips eaten away, holes through the cheek 
and into the neck and arms, and necrosed patches in the skull 
bone. It may be said of such, however, that their tortures are 
but a part of the stupendous machinery of Eternal justice. The 
only cause for regret is that the innocent must suffer with the 
guilty, as the disease is perpetuated by hereditary taint. Others 
may be led innocently into committing a crime. 

For the initial sore or chancre very little need be done. 
Burning or cutting out the part is of no value, and inflicts need- 
less pain. It is of no value because, as stated in the beginning, 
the disease is already in the system and the primar}^ sore is only 
local evidence. The spot is usually treated by keeping it clean 
and dusting it with equal parts of Subnitrate of Bismuth and 
Calomel. Iodoform is equally as good, but its odor is unpleasant. 
As stated, the spot disappears sooner or later with or without 
treatment. 

The treatment for the second stage, or the stage where the 
rash appears, is some form of Mercury, taken internally. Any 



372 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

of the mercurial salts may be used, but the Bichloride of Mercury, 
or Corrosive Sublimate, is the one usually given. This may be 
given in doses of ^V of a grain three times a day at the beginning, 
and increased until the patient experiences some local effect. 
This is called the physiological effect. It consists of diarrhea, 
pain in the stomach and bowels, a metallic taste in the mouth, 
and a soreness of the gums and teeth. The earliest evidence in 
the teeth may be experienced by bringing the jaws suddenly 
together. If any effect is being produced, the teeth will feel 
sore. If any one or all of these symptoms are present, they 
indicate that the patient is taking more than he can stand. The 
treatment should then be discontinued for a few days, and begun 
again with smaller doses. This treatment is continued for a 
long time — usually about six months — then the patient is given 
a rest for three months, and the treatment continued during the 
next three months. 

With those who are unable to take Mercury in sufficient 
doses by the stomach, it is sometimes given by other means. It 
may be applied externally in the form of ointment, or ^ ounce 
of Corrosive Sublimate may be dissolved in water in which the 
patient takes a bath. Dissolve the Corrosive Sublimate in water 
enough to cover the patient in a bath tub, then cover with a 
quilt, allowing only the face to be exposed. Guard the eyes, 
nose and mouth. With those who can take large doses of Mercury 
baths are also beneficial, but in these cases it is not necessary to 
put any Corrosive Sublimate into the bath. 

The most nourishing food is required, also proper clothing — 
wool worn next to the skin is usually advised. An abundance of 
fresh air should be secured, and every care should be given to the 
general health. If the hair commences to fall out, some stimu- 
lating application should be applied to the scalp. If ulcers form, 
these should be treated the same as ulcers from any other cause. 
If there is inflammation of the eye or interference with sight, 
increase the amount of Corrosive Sublimate. If the mucous 
membrane in the mouth, throat or nose is affected, use an}' means 
to maintain thorough cleanliness. These spots are sometimes 
touched lightly with pure Nitrate of Silver. Spray the affected 
surface with Peroxide of Hydrogen. If the teeth become loose, 
stop the Mercury for a time and for a few days give Atropine — 
2~§-ff of a grain every hour or two until the throat is dry, the face 
is red, or until the pupil of the eyes becomes dilated; then for a 
day or two give the same amount every three hours. 

In what is called the third stage of the disease, Iodine is 
taken internally in some form, usually the Iodide of Potash. 
This is given in large doses. Some recommend 15 to 20 grains 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 373 

three times a day, taken two hours after meals. Some give as 
high as 1 drachm three times a day between meals, and even this 
amount is exceeded in some cases. 

The foregoing is the usual routine treatment, but we wish to 
give a prescription that, while differing somewhat from that 
given, has made many a doctor famous for the treatment of this 
disease. It is as follows: 

Corrosive Sublimate 4 grains. 

Iodide of Potash 4 drachms. 

Syrup of Tolu 3 ounces. 

Simple Elixir 1 " 

Mix. Give 1 teaspoonful two hours after 
meals and at bedtime. If it disturbs the 
stomach or interferes with digestion, lessen 
the dose, or take less often. This treatment 
may be taken up at the beginning of, or any 
time during the second stage. 

For the persistent and determined sores and ulcers that are 
present in what is called the third stage, use the same antiseptic 
treatment as in ulcers caused by any other disease. Keep them 
thoroughly cleansed. Wash them out with Peroxide of Hydro- 
gen, with a solution of Carbolic Acid in water, or by other means 
render the surface as clean and healthy as possible. 

Or, the following treatments for any form of ulcer have been 
recommended and are equally applicable here: 

Ulcers. — 

A. Wash with water colored with Blue Stone. Afterwards 
apply hot mutton tallow. — (32). 

Note. — If there is suppuration, do not cover the surface with any form 
of ointment. 

B. One of the best dressings I have ever used for old ulcers 
is a mixture of Balsam Peru in Castor Oil of a strength of 5% 
Balsam. Of course the adjuncts of rest and cleanliness are 
necessary . — (31). 

GONORRHEA. — This is a contagious, inflammatory state 
of the urethra in the male and the vagina in the female, 
accompanied by a discharge partly mucus and partly pus. It may 
extend to the bladder in the male, or to the womb and ovaries in 
the female, and sometimes to the rectum. It may also be trans- 
ferred to the eye, setting up a most violent and dangerous 
inflammation. New-born children may be infected during birth, 
and in such cases the utmost attention is necessary to save the 
eye-sight. Many cases of blindness are due to this disease. 

Cause. — There are two causes for inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the urethra. One cause is contagion; the 



374 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

other is not. The non-contagious variety may be the result of 
the passing of sounds or instruments into the bladder, or the 
passage of foreign bodies — an excessive amount of gravel is an 
example — from urine that is highly acid, as sometimes results 
from indigestion. It may be caused by eczema extending along 
the mucous membrane lining the canal, by tuberculosis, or by an 
enlarged prostate. The contagious variety is caused by a certain 
specific ferment, which sets up inflammation. 

Symptoms. — The disease usually appears in from three to 
five days after exposure. The first symptom in the male is at 
the opening or end of the urethra. This part is deep red in color 
and swollen. Internally, the mucous membrane is swollen, and 
urination is difficult as the inflammation lessens the size of the 
canal. There is also a slight discharge of mucus, which later 
contains pus. The inflammation increases for the first week, 
then remains stationary for another week. There is considerable 
pain when urinating. The inflammation then extends back- 
wards, and in a day or so the discharge is thick and yellow. If 
the inflammation reaches the neck of the bladder, there is .a 
frequent desire to urinate. The glands in the groin may become 
swollen and may suppurate. In different cases the severity of the 
symptoms vary greatly. Occasionally an annoying feature of this 
disease is the condition known as Chordee, which means a painful 
erection and downward curvature of the external reproductive 
organ in the male. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do. — Consult a competent physician at the earliest 
opportunity. In the meantime and throughout the whole course 
of the disease, the patient must observe certain rules. His diet 
should be light and cooling. No highly seasoned foods should be 
eaten. No alcoholic stimulants or tobacco should be used, but 
plenty of water should be drank. Frequent bathing of the 
affected parts is beneficial for their cleansing and cooling. Sexual 
excitement, violent exercise, dancing, late hours, etc., should be 
avoided. The most rigid care should be taken to destroy the 
discharges. 

A. Add 4 grains of Permanganate of Potash to 4 ounces of 
water and inject twice a day, retaining the injection for two or 
three minutes. This, with a plain diet, the absence of all stimu- 
lants, and supporting the parts with a suspensory bandage, wil! 
in most cases result in a permanent cure, 

or, 

Oleo-resin of Cubebs and Copaiba, 10 drops of each, taken in 
capsule form three or four times a day, 

or, 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 375 

Ten drops of pure Oil of Sandal Wood in capsule, taken 
three times a day. 

Note. — The injection method is the most satisfactory means of treating 
this disease as the remedy is thus applied directly to the diseased part. 
Internal medication is seldom needed, and is more or less uncertain as so 
many changes take place in the remedies before they reach the affected 
area. Again, most internal remedies used for this disease give the breath 
an offensive and suggestive odor. 

B. Sulphate of Zinc 2 grains. 

Fluid Hydrastus 5 drops. 

Water 1 ounce. 

Use as an injection often. — (n). 

C. Put patient to bed and use frequent douches of warm 
Boric Acid solution. Add Permanganate of Potash — 1 grain to 
the ounce of water, and inject every day or two. — (3). 

D. Chordee. — Keep the bowels active. Low diet, no meat or 
alcohol. Sleep in cool room. At bedtime take the following, 
largely diluted in sweetened water: 

Chloral 10 grains. 

Bromide of Potash 30 " 

The dose may be increased if necessary. Do not take this 
unless trouble is feared. Should it occur, the application of cold 
water is a simple remedy, and one of the best for immediate 
relief. 

GLEET. — Gleet means a chronic discharge from any 
mucous surface or membrane, but is generally understood to mean 
from that lining the urethra, and following gonorrhea. 

Cause. — Following gonorrhea, if a perfect cure is not 
obtained, inflammation lingers at some point and results in 
an overgrowth of connective tissue. The contraction of this 
tissue lessens the size of the canal at that point, forming what is 
called a stricture. The efforts at urination gradually cause dis- 
tension of the urethra just behind the stricture, and this 
saculated formation always contains urine as the stricture renders 
urination incomplete. These conditions serve to maintain a 
chronic form of inflammation, hence the chronic discharge. 
Or gleet may be caused by irritation from an enlarged prostate 
gland. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment consists of a gradual distension of the stric- 
ture by the use of sounds. Sometimes it is necessary to cut the 
stricture in order to render dilation more complete. The 
bladder should be washed out two or three times a week with 
pure water containing 6 drachms of Boric Acid to the pint, after 



376 FA VORITH MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

which the urethra should be injected with a solution of pure 
water and Permanganate of Zinc — i grain of the Zinc to an 
ounce of water. It will be necessary to continue both the dila- 
tion of the stricture and the medication for some time. 



VOMITING.— Recommended Treatments. — 

A. Salicin i drachm. 

Subnitrate of Bismuth 2 drachms . 

Mix, and put into % glass of water, stir, 
and take 1 teaspoonful every ten to fifteen 
minutes. 

Or, 

White of 1 Fresh Egg 

Common Starch 1 teaspoonful. 

Granulated Sugar 1 " 

Beat for five or ten minutes. Give patient 
1 teaspoonful every ten to fifteen minutes. 

Or, 

White of 1 fresh egg in ]/ 2 glass of water. Stir 
thoroughly and let the patient drink 1 tea- 
spoonful every few minutes. — (61). 

B. Apply Mustard plasters over the stomach. Mint tea, 
such as Peppermint, Spearmint, etc., may be taken in small 
quantities, or weak Camphor sling may be given. Crust coffee 
is also good. 

If convenient to a drug store, get Oxalate of Cerium and give 
2- or 3 -grain doses every twenty or thirty minutes, as needed, 
until vomiting is controlled. 

C. Pour boiling water over parched rice, coffee, corn or 
bread crust. L,et stand for a few minutes, strain or let settle, 
and take 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls every twenty or thirty minutes. 
Take clear — no sugar or milk. — (32). 

D. Paregoric — dose, ^ to 1 teaspoonful in a small amount 
of hot water, repeated every half hour, is a specific. — (30). 

WARTS. — (See under description of Skin). 

WATER BRASH. — This is an accompaniment of stomach 
troubles, and means the burning sensation in the stomach 
followed with sour eructations. 

Treatment. — 

See under Acidity of the Stomach. 

WATER ON THE BRAIN.— (See Hydrocephalus under 
Dropsy). 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 



377 



WEN, or SEBACEOUS CYST.— This is simply an 
enlargement of a sebaceous, or oil, gland. It will be remembered 
that these glands are placed just beneath the skin, and by means 
of a small duct open into a hair follicle (see description of Skin). 
The duct becomes closed, and the gland, continuing to secrete or 
furnish the usual amount of oily fluid, enlarges. The sac or 
membrane which forms the gland becomes thickened and tough. 
In size these cysts vary all the way from a pea to a walnut. 

Cause. — The cause is not very clear. The wen usually occurs 
around joints, therefore lifting or straining may cause injury 
with the result that a duct becomes closed. 

Symptoms — These growths come on very slowly. There is no 
pain or inconvenience, except such as is occasioned by their size. 
They are freely movable, and are filled with a fluid that some- 
what resembles the white of an egg. 

Treatment. — 

Complete and thorough removal of the growth with a knife. 
While this is comparatively easy, it would require the services of 
a physician. It is not necessary to give an anaesthetic, except 
such as may be applied locally, and in most cases even that is not 
needed. The cavity is lined with a membrane which must be 
destroyed, otherwise the secretions will be reproduced and the 
trouble will return. 

WHITE SWELLING.-(See under Joints, Diseases of). 
WHITLOW.— This means a felon. (See Felon). 

WHOOPING COU GH— PERTUSSIS.— This is a 

contagious disease, usually of childhood, characterized by violent 
fits of convulsive coughing, which recur at intervals and end 
with a whoop and the expectoration of a small amount of mucous 
secretion. It commences about one week after exposure, and 
usually lasts from six to eight weeks. It is seldom fatal. 

Cause. — Some form of infection or poison which is unknown. 

Symptoms. — The first evidence is that of a catarrhal cold. 
The catarrhal evidence is manifested in the eyes and nasal cavi- 
ties. There is a little hoarseness, and the temperature is slightly 
raised in the evening. There may be a sense of tickling in the 
throat, which results in a short, dry cough. The first week consti- 
tutes what is called the catarrhal stage. The coughing increases 
gradually until it comes on in paroxysms, when the face becomes 
red, and perhaps dark purple, the eyes project, and the child often 
seizes the nearest object for support. The coughing continues 
until the expiratory effort of respiration is exhausted, after which 






378 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

there is a deep inspiratory effort which produces the peculiar 
whoop, caused by the air rushing into the lungs; hence the term 
Whooping Cough. These efforts are repeated two or three times, or 
until they are followed by the expectoration of a little mucous 
secretion. The disease usually disappears as gradually as it came. 
During a spasm of coughing the glottis, or space between 
the vocal chords through which the air passes, is narrowed, and 
but little air reaches the lungs. The muscles of the throat are 
rendered tense, circulation becomes stagnant, and the pulmonary 
artery is congested. This is the artery through which the venous 
blood passes from the right side of the heart into the lungs. 
During congestion of this artery the right side of the heart cannot 
empty itself, and this dams back the venous blood in ail parts of 
the body. This condition, together with a lack of oxygen, is 
what causes the child to turn so blue, or to " get black in the 
face. ' ' 

Treatments. — 

A. The Bromides, Chloral, Belladonna or its active prin- 
ciple, Atropine, and various other remedies used for coughs and 
colds have been used, and perhaps are still recommended for 
whooping cough. There is no specific for this disease, however, 
and in some cases the cough is persistent and severe in spite of 
treatment. The child should be protected from sudden changes 
of weather, should receive an abundance of fresh air, have a 
nourishing diet, and the bowels should be kept regular. Inter- 
nally, give the following: 

Atropine, ^ grain. 

Carbolic Acid 24 drops. 

Bromide of Soda. 2 drachms. 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, add to 4 " 

Mix, and take r teaspoonful, more or less, 
according to age, every two or three hours. 

Where the cough remains dry, i. e. } where the secretions are 
scanty or absent, a little Ipecac should be added to each dose — 
from 1 to 2 drops of the fluid extract. Where there is a good 
deal of irritability or nervousness present, T ^ of a grain of Codeine, 
for a child five years of age, should be added to each dose. 

B. Give Flaxseed tea plentifully, also good care. For med- 
icine, give the following: 

Sulphate of Zinc 10 grains. 

Water 30 teaspoonfuls. 

Dose. — A teaspoonful, more or less, accord- 
ing to age, every one or two hours. Also 
anoint chest well once a day with Olive Oil. 
Goose Oil will do. — (30). 



DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 379 

C. Use Roach's Embrocation according to the directions on 
the bottle. Burn Cressaline during the paroxysms. — (32). 

D. Tincture Belladonna 30 drops. 

Chlorate Potash 10 grains. 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Mix, and take 20 drops three or four times 
a day.— (47). 

E. Elixir Terpine Hydrate and Codeine, 6 ounces. 

Take y z teaspoonful every three hours.- (27). 

WORMS. — (For Round Worms or Thread Worms, see 
under Children's Diseases; also see Tapeworm; also Tri- 
china Worm). 

YELLOW FEVER.— (See under Fevers). 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



WHAT GIRLS AND MOTHERS 
OUGHT TO KNOW. 



HELEN F. WARNER, M. D. 

In these few chapters I propose to give mothers some hints 
about the care a very young girl requires in the first crisis of her 
life, and to give older girls some advice about the care which 
they should take of their health, and of the reasons why such 
care should be taken. 

I propose to tell the young wife and mother some things that 
I think it well for her to know about house sanitation, that is, 
about ventilation, heating, water supply, and disinfection in cases 
of sickness; also something about the nature of different foods, 
about the care of her own health, and about the care of babies 
and very young children. 

I propose to say a few words to women approaching the 
second crisis of their lives, about the care it is necessary they 
should give themselves, and the very unnecessary alarm and 
dread with which many look forward to this period of their 
existence. 

Most of this talk comes under the head of what is called 
preventative medicine, and as the old proverb, "An ounce of pre- 
vention is worth a pound of cure," is still in force, I hope it may 
not be without some value. 



CARE OF YOUNG GIRLS. 



As it is not probable that any very young girl will read these 
chapters — perhaps it is hardly desirable that she should — I 
address myself more particularly to the mothers of young and 
growing families. 

Children are young animals in search of information in a 
world that to them is very new and full of puzzles. One of 

380 




Helen F. Warner, M. D. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN, 381 

the questions which recurs often and is asked most eagerly is, 
" Where do the babies come from, Mamma?" To answer the 
question satisfactorily without giving any information, has long 
been a problem among mothers. The Germans have a pretty 
legend that the Storks bring the babies to the happy mothers 
from their home in Egypt, without explaining if there is a man- 
ufactory of babies there. The more prosaic mothers in this 
country often tell their children that the doctor brings the baby 
in his satchel, sometimes subjecting him to embarrassing inves- 
tigation, as I can testify . I belonged to a New England family, 
where the utmost reticence was practiced toward children, indeed 
toward all young people, and I was told merely that God sent 
the babies from heaven, which may be in a sense true, but which 
is difficult to believe of some infants. I used to wonder vaguely 
if they dropped through the ceiling, and why they suffered no 
damage and left no trace of their passage. But I was an observ- 
ing child, though very reticent, and long before I reached girl- 
hood I formed a theory of my own, from observation of the 
domestic animals and some women of my acquaintance, that 
was very near the truth. 

Advice to Young Mothers. — My advice to young mothers 
is, when your little girl begins to notice your rounding figure, 
when she sees by chance the little garments about which you are 
busy, do not put her off with what you persuade yourself is a 
white lie, or tell her that children should not ask questions. If 
you do, she will very likely find you out in the lie — children are 
often very shrewd — or some older girl will tell her what she is so 
eager to know, coarsely, vulgarly, with sly hints and inuendoes, 
as if it were some unclean thing, and the sweet and holy func- 
tion of motherhood will be vulgarized and profaned to her for 
years. Tell the child yourself. Explain to her that all life comes 
from a parent life. Show her how the mother plant ripens the 
seeds, which sometimes the winds and waters and birds scatter to 
their places, and sometimes men and women and children plant. 
Tell her that each seed holds a baby plant, which the warm, 
moist earth feeds and nourishes till it bursts its shell and the tiny 
plant begins to grow. Tell her — if she has the happiness to be a 
country child, you can show her — how the mother hen lays the 
eggs from her own body, and then, not trusting them to the 
earth, broods over them herself and keeps them safe and warm 
till the little chicks, which were only wee specks at first, have 
time to grow, and become strong enough to break their shells. 
Then explain to her that higher animals, mothers among the 
rest, nourish their babies in their own bodies till they are large 
enough and strong enough to live outside; that there is a new baby 
coming for whom mamma must make the little clothes ready, but 



382 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECBIPTS. 

that, though it is a very happy thing, it is too sacred and solemn 
to talk about to other people — just a secret which she must keep 
with mamma. In this way you will give your child a new interest, 
a new sense of the tie that binds together all created things, and a 
strong safeguard against evil will thus be thrown about her. 



THE FIRST CRISIS, 



Later, when you see from the developing figure, from the 
rounding breasts and from the unusual restlessness and irrita- 
bility, that the first crisis in your child's life is approaching, tell 
her what she has to expect, and tell her plainly; tell her the 
truth so that she may fully understand it. Many young girls 
have ruined their health, or greatly injured it, in frantic efforts 
to stop a flow which they did not in the least understand, and 
which, while it greatly alarmed them, they were too shy to speak 
of to their mothers. Do not content yourself with telling the 
young girl what is coming, but keep watch over her and, when 
the flow actually appears, instruct her in the care she should take 
of herself and see that she carries out your instructions. Her 
whole future health hangs on this, and on this point many 
mothers themselves need instruction. It is of the greatest 
importance that she (the young, maturing girl) should be kept 
warm and dry during the flow, that she should avoid all violent 
exercise, long tramps, heavy lifting, skating, dancing, and horse- 
back or bicycle riding. In bad weather she should be kept from 
school unless she can be sent in a covered carriage. 

Up to this time there has been little difference in the care 
which the girl and her brother required, but now the differentia- 
tion commences. It is not well to push a girl at school, even 
one who is sluggish at her studies, during these formative 
years; one who is quick must often be held back. See that the 
girl has plenty of out-of-door air and exercise, and that she takes 
sufficient, wholesome food. Never allow her to go to school in 
the morning without her breakfast. This is the time when her 
appetite, which has previously been that of a healthy child, 
becomes fitful and irregular. Girls sometimes develop strange 
fancies at this time for most unwholesome things: Salt, which 
is all very well as a seasoning for food, but should not be taken 
by the spoonful, starch and chalk, are most frequently taken. If 
your daughter should show any such morbid appetite, you should 
check it at once. Talk to her kindly, but seriously, of the injury 
she is likely to do her health by such indulgence. 

Girls in this climate generally mature at from eleven to 
fourteen years — thirteen is perhaps the average age. It is a 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 383 

misfortune if a girl menstruates before eleven, but it is no 
matter at all that she should be later than fourteen. So long as 
she shows no signs of suffering, you need not disturb yourself if 
she is fifteen, sixteen, or even seventeen, before the flow appears. 
It is not often later. The flow is often scanty at first. Do not 
worry about this; it is a fault on the right side. The young 
girl needs her blood for growth and development, and Nature 
does well to economize it. Then, after appearing once, the flow 
often holds off for months. This seems to give mothers special 
anxiety, but such anxiety is needless. So long as the girl seems 
well otherwise, let her alone, and above all do not dose her with 
Tansy and Pennyroyal teas, or any of the remedies for forcing 
Nature. You may do serious harm in this way. On the other 
hand, the flow when it first appears is sometimes too profuse 
and lasts too long. It should be practically over on the sixth 
day. This is not a matter to be neglected. Put the girl to bed 
if the flow is very free. A good household remedy for this is 
made by pouring a pint of boiling water over a handful of stick 
cinnamon. I^et this steep till it is cold — do not boil it — then 
strain off the tea and give a wineglassful of it three or four times 
a day. If this, with rest in bed, fails to check the flow, send 
for your family physician. 

If you observe these precautions, unless there is some mal- 
formation or malposition of the organs, against which, of course, 
you are powerless, your daughter will not suffer at her menstrual 
periods, and will grow up, at least as far as her sexual organs 
are concerned, a healthy woman. But until she is twenty she 
should put aside her wheel or her horse, and abjure dances, 
long walks or skating parties during the flow. It will often be 
hard for her, but it is the price of health, and if you are firm, 
she will form the habit of caution and cease to question the 
matter. Even after twenty, violent exercise should be indulged 
in with caution at such periods; but a healthy woman, fully 
developed, may take much less care than a young girl. 

Dress for Young Girls. — A word, in closing this chapter, 
as to dress. A young girl's dress should be, of course, adapted 
to the season. In winter she should wear flannel from throat to 
heels. See that she has plenty of room to expand in. I am not 
a fanatical opponent of the corset. It is a comfort to many 
women, almost a necessity to very stout ones, and, when not 
tightly laced, does no harm; but a corset is an abomination for 
growing girls. The soft young bones yield even to slight pres- 
sure, and internal organs are forced out of place and prevented 
from developing properly. I^et her have a loosely fitting waist, 
to which her skirts — the bands of which should be loose — are 
buttoned. The dress should not reach below the tops of her 



384 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

boots, so that it will not become damp and draggled even in the 
sloppiest weather. In cold weather she should have merino 
stockings and warm, stout shoes. She should have a rain coat 
for wet days, and, what is more, be made to wear it; and if she 
lives in the country, a pair of rubber boots for deep mud and 
snow would not be amiss. 



WHAT A YOUNG WOMAN OUGHT TO KNOW. 



My Dear Giri/. 

You are no longer a child — almost, if not quite, a woman. 
I want in this chapter to give you a few hints about keeping 
yourself well, which is much better than curing you when you 
are ill. I take it for granted that you want not only to be well, 
but to look as well as possible. To this end you must take some 
pains. 

About Your Hair: Do not content yourself with combing 
out the snarls and doing it up; spend some time each day brush- 
ing it. If you have thick, heavy hair, the brush should be quite 
stiff, stiff enough to reach the scalp; merely smoothing down the 
outside hair does little or no good. Each separate hair is set in 
a little channel in the scalp, with one or more ducts emptying 
into it from glands that secrete the oil for the hair. The brush 
removes the dust from the mouth of these channels, presses the 
oil out and distributes it over the hair. That is why hair that 
has been well brushed takes on such a fine, silky gloss. The 
brush also improves the circulation of the blood in the scalp and 
so promotes the growth of the hair. Hair that is well brushed 
does not need to be washed very often, which is an advantage, 
because if you have long, heavy hair, washing it is a serious 
business. When you do wash your hair, you must be sure that 
it is thoroughly dry before you put it up; otherwise, you are apt 
to take cold. 

About Your Bath: Take a cool sponge bath and a brisk 
rub with a coarse towel every morning. The water should be 
about 70 degrees. If you care to, try it with a thermometer, 
but it is about the temperature of a comfortably warm room. 
There is nothing better for the complexion. I will tell you 
why. The skin is full of little glands that secrete the perspira- 
tion. They carry off a great deal of waste and poisonous matter 
from the system, and they are at work all the time, even when 
you are not conscious of any perspiration. Now, if the mouths 
of these little glands become stopped up, or if the circulation in 
the skin is poor, they cannot work nearly so well. A good deal 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 385 

of poisonous matter that they ought to take away remains in the 
system, and the skin loses its clearness and becomes dark and 
muddy. The cool sponge and brisk rub does for the rest of the 
skin what the brush does for the scalp — frees the mouths of the 
glands and promotes the circulation of the blood. You will need 
only one hot bath a week. This you should take at night, just 
before going to bed. It is well to take a dash of cold water after 
it. You should not take a cold bath during the first three days 
of your monthly illness. 

Keep Your Bowels Regular. — You should have one good 
evacuation of the bowels every day. This is largely a matter of 
habit. Go to the closet every morning after breakfast. If you 
are inclined to constipation, it is a good thing to take a cup of 
hot water just before breakfast, or a glass of cold water when 
you first get up in the morning. A little massage, which you 
can practice while dressing, will also help you. The large 
bowel, which contains the matter that should be evacuated, runs 
around the abdomen, as shown by figure "7" in cut "No. 9." If 
you will knead the bowel thoroughly, pressing your fingers down 
deeply into the abdominal wall, beginning low down on the right 
side, then across and down on the left, it will be stimulated to 
contract and empty. Do not think that it is a matter of indif- 
ference that you should go two or three days without evacuation 
of the bowels. The foul matters that should be evacuated are 
partly absorbed into the system, and you will have headache, 
feel dull and languid, your skin will grow yellow, and, if the 
condition is allowed to continue long, will become "pimpley." 

As to Diet. — You should eat good, simple food. Avoid 
rich cake, gravies, rich pastry and preserves. Ices in modera- 
tion are wholesome enough. Hat all the fruit you want, provided 
it is ripe and sound, but do not eat too much candy. It would 
be better not to eat any, but that is too much to expect of you, 
for candy is a girl's greatest temptation in the eating line. Hot 
breads and buckwheat cakes are good to the taste, but trying to 
the digestion. Use tea and coffee with great moderation; they 
are nerve stimulants, which you do not in the least need. A 
cup of weak coffee you can have in the morning, if you want it, 
but save the tea till you are an older woman. Take plenty of 
time for your meals, and masticate your food thoroughly. 

About Sleep. — You need at least eight hours of sleep in the 
twenty-four. As a child, you needed more; if you live to be an 
old woman, you will not need quite so much; but now, at least 
eight hours are needed to keep you in good condition and keep 
your cheeks rosy. The best time to sleep is between ten at 

25 



$86 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

night and six in the morning. If you are obliged to rise before 
six, go to bed earlier. If for any reason you are up late, learn 
to take a nap in the daytime. 

Exercise. — Some time — the more, the better — should be 
spent every day in the open air. A brisk walk is excellent exer- 
cise; there is nothing better, but there are many things which 
girls count more amusing, such as lawn tennis, golf, bicycle 
riding, horseback exercise, etc. These are all good in their way, 
only they should not be carried to excess. Do not play matched 
games; in eagerness to win you are likely to overtax your 
strength. Basket-ball is a game with which I am not familiar, 
but from what I have heard of it, I should think it a very rough 
game and too severe exercise for most girls. These things, 
remember, are for exercise and recreation; they are not to take 
the place of occupation. Gardening is fair exercise; there is 
something health-giving in working in the soil, and it has the 
merit of being useful as well. Ordinary housework is also 
excellent exercise, though it has the disadvantage of being 
carried on in-doors. But do not make the mistake of considering 
driving to be exercise. Carriage exercise is only for invalids or 
old women. If you have been at work most of the day about 
the house, you may get rest and fresh air from a drive; you have 
had your exercise in the house. 

If you practice in a gymnasium, take the advice of the 
leader as to what you are able to do. There is one golden rule, 
" Make haste slowly." Do at first only what you are able to do 
easily, and then do a little more each day — perhaps only a very 
little. You remember the story of the Spartan woman who, by 
lifting a calf each day from the time he was born, was able to lift 
him when he was full grown. I imagine even the tiniest calf 
would be too much for one of our girls to lift, but the lesson is 
just as good. You should never lift, unless in an emergency 
where the exertion is absolutely necessary, every ounce you possi- 
bly can, or carry for any distance a weight which is a great effort 
for you to lift at all. Such exertion is particularly dangerous to 
women because the womb and ovaries are hung in the pelvis by 
rather loose attachments. They easily recover from the slight 
changes in position produced by ordinary movements, but a 
sudden and violent pressure may displace some one of them so 
that it is unable to recover its normal position. This is more apt 
to happen at the menstrual period, because then the womb is 
heavier than at other times, and so more easily forced out of 
place. I shall mention this again in speaking of your dress. 

Monthly Illness. — It is not necessary that you should take 
quite so much care at the time of your monthly illness as when 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 38/ 

you were a child, but you should still be careful at such times. 
Do not ride a wheel up hill, or ride it at all except for short dis- 
tances; do not ride a horse at all at such a time, or play any of 
the violent games, as golf, lawn tennis, and especially basket- 
ball; croquet, you can play, though I believe that is rather out of 
fashion now. Do not take long tramps, though you need not be 
afraid of an ordinary walk. I do not ask you to stay in the house 
in wet weather, but you should be especially careful to change all 
damp clothing when you come in. If you go to a dance during 
your monthly illness, you should not stay late or dance all the 
time; sit down through at least half the dances, even at the risk 
of being taken for a wall-flower. 

About Your Dress. — You should wear flannel next to the 
skin in cold weather, but if you intend wearing short-sleeved and 
low-necked dresses to evening entertainments, your flannel should 
not have long sleeves and should be cut low at the throat. I do 
not approve of decollete dresses myself, but if you will wear 
them, I am telling you how to do so with the least risk. Before 
going out sponge your neck and arms with cold water into which 
you have poured a little alcohol. Have some light wrap to throw 
over your shoulders while you are resting from the last dance, 
and be careful about drafts. 

Do not lace your corset tight. It should fasten easily in front, 
and should be so loose that you can fill your lungs without diffi- 
culty. If you will look at a plate showing the internal organs, 
you will see how compressing the ribs — which is what a tight 
corset does — pushes the liver and stomach out of place and pre- 
vents the free play of the lungs; and, what is worse, but which 
you will not see by the plate, is that it puts too much pressure 
on the womb and ovaries, and is very likely to cause those 
displacements from which even young girls in these days often 
suffer. For the same reason the bands of your skirts should be 
loose, and if the skirts are heavy, they should be so arranged 
that the weight is carried from the shoulders. There is the same 
reason as when you were a child that you should wear a short 
skirt, rain coat and thick boots in wet weather, and that you 
should change all damp clothing at once when you come into the 
house. 

Cosmetics, Powder, Rouge, etc. — Scorn everything of 
this kind. If you follow the directions that have been given you, 
you will need nothing of the sort. At best the effect is only tem- 
porary, and their use is likely to do your complexion lasting 
injury. 

About Marriage. — Now I am going to speak to you on a 
delicate and difficult subject. You are thinking of marriage ; it 



388 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

is right that you should. To be married to a good man, sound 
in body and mind, whom you sincerely love, is the best fortune 
that can come to you. You are limited in your choice of a hus- 
band to the men who have signified their wish to marry you, but 
it is better that you should die an old maid than marry a man 
who is "fast," as your friends say, i. e. y dissipated. Of course, 
in marriage there are many considerations besides those of health, 
but those of health are the only ones on which I undertake to 
advise you. 

There are two forms of dissipation which are to be avoided 
in a husband on the score of health — habitual use of alcoholic 
drinks to excess, and the habit of association with immoral 
women. It is not very common for a young man to be what is 
called an habitual drunkard, but a man who is frequently intox- 
icated when young will, in all human probability, be an habitual 
drunkard before he is forty. If you imagine you can reform such 
a man, you are greatly mistaken ; he will grow worse and not 
better. He will not injure your health directly, only so far as 
misery, want and distress are likely to do it ; but your children 
will suffer. They are likely to have all sorts of nervous troubles, 
hysterics, epilepsy, and sometimes idiocy. 

The second form of dissipation is even more dangerous. It 
is quite common for a young man of that sort to contract diseases 
as a result of his bad habits, which, if you marry him, would be 
very likely to be communicated to you or to any children that 
you might have by him. Do not allow yourself to become inter- 
ested in such a man, even if he has beautiful eyes and fascinating 
manners. Choose for your associates sober, steady young men. 
Do not be afraid to give them a little kindly encouragement if they 
are shy and awkward. If a warmer interest results from such an 
association, it will be good, not evil fortune for you. 



WHAT A YOUNG WIFE AND MOTHER SHOULD KNOW. 



Many books could be filled on the subjects with which a 
young wife and mother should be familiar. Of late schools and 
universities have been very sensibly making some effort to teach 
the girl who hopes some day to be a wife, a few of the things she 
ought to know, hence the various courses on domestic sciences. 
Of course, in this chapter I can only give you a few hints about 
i.he various subjects on which you should be informed. 

House Sanitation. — First, then, you should know some- 
thing about House Sanitation, as it is called; that is, about the 
proper situation of the house, the drainage, ventilation, heating 
and water supply. If you are consulted about building a house 



DISBASBS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 389 

in the country, try to have it on moderately high ground, which 
is dry. I,et it face the south or east, if possible, so as to have 
sunlight in all the rooms. If you have a city house, try to have 
it on the north side of a street running east and west, or on the 
west side of a street running north and south, for the sake of the 
sunlight. In the city you may not be able to have sunshine in all 
the rooms, but at least there should be no dark rooms in your 
house. The cellar should be dry, with a good cement floor and 
stone walls — brick absorbs too much moisture to be used under 
ground. If the cellar does not extend under all the house, the 
remaining space should be well drained and ventilated. 

Fresh Air. — There should be plenty of fresh air in your 
house. Air is a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. The nitrogen 
serves to dilute the oxygen, which alone would be too stimulating. 
In breathing, the oxygen is absorbed by the blood and the 
carbonic acid thrown off. Carbonic acid is a poisonous gas, so 
you see that a person in breathing gradually poisons the air. An 
average man gives off a little more than half a cubic foot of 
carbonic acid gas in an hour when he is asleep, and nearly three 
times as much when he is hard at work. Women and children 
give off rather less. It takes very little of this — about two parts 
in ten thousand — to make the air unwholesome, or, as you would 
say, close. Now you see how necessary ventilation is. In 
summer it is very easily accomplished, as the open doors and 
windows give all the fresh air necessary; but in winter it is more 
difficult. There should be at least 1,000 cubic feet of air for 
each person, and the ventilation should be enough to change all 
the air in the room three times an hour. How can you accom- 
plish this ? It is done partly by the heating. If your house is 
heated by a hot-air furnace, there is, or should be, a cold-air box, 
so that the fresh outside air is heated and forced into the room. 
The foul warm air escapes through various cracks about the 
windows and doors if there is no special passage for it. It 
must escape in some way or the hot air would not come up 
through the register. If the house is heated by stoves, try to 
have in your living rooms at least one open fire. A coal grate is 
rather more trouble to look after than a stove, and makes more 
dust, but it is an excellent ventilator. If you cannot have a 
grate or grates, an old-fashioned Franklin stove is not a bad 
substitute. With hot water or steam heating some outside 
opening is necessary, as there the heating does not directly assist 
the ventilation except that warm air is lighter than cold air, 
and the greater the difference in temperature, the greater the 
difference in weight. Now, air is a gas, and all gases of different 
weights have a tendency to mix, so that there is, when it is quite 
cold, a strong pressure of the outside air to get into the house 



390 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

and of the warm air inside to escape. This makes the little 
currents that you feel around the doors and windows. Do not 
cork up the bedroom windows with cotton batting, or any other 
windows, for that matter. Move the bed out so that you will 
not feel the draft. Sleeping with an open window in the room 
in cold winter weather is largely a matter of habit. I do not 
advise it in this climate for young children, who are apt to kick 
off their bed covering at night. Grown people in good health 
can follow their own inclination. 

Do not have your room too warm — from 65 ° to 70 is warm 
enough for living rooms, 50 to 55 ° for sleeping rooms. Try to 
have the rooms which you occupy warmed with some degree of 
evenness. If you go from a kitchen where the temperature is 
between eighty and ninety, through a cold hall to a bedroom 
just above the freezing point to dress for the afternoon, can you 
wonder that you have a cold most of the winter ? 

As to the Water Supply. — If you live in the city, or even in 
a moderately large town, this is probably provided for by the 
municipal government or by a corporation more or less under its 
control. The quality depends perhaps somewhat upon the ease 
with which good water can be obtained, but much more on the 
care, intelligence and, sometimes, the integrity of the city 
fathers. I knew one Northern city where, although they had all 
L,ake Superior to draw from, the water was for years abominably 
bad, and where the population suffered greatly in consequence. 
If, however, you live in the open country, the water supply 
becomes a question for each family to settle for themselves, and 
is one of very great importance. Cisterns are not very reliable 
for drinking water. It is difficult even with the greatest care to 
keep the water sweet, and the supply of water, depending as it 
does directly upon the rainfall, is apt to run short in dry weather. 
A well must be dug. The question is, where? The well should 
be on higher ground than the house, barns and outhouses. It 
should not be very near them. It should be protected in every 
possible way from surface drainage. A deep well is better than 
a shallow one, and it is better when a strata of fairly dense rock 
is passed before water is reached. 

Some years ago, when I was spending my vacation in a small 
town among the foothills of the Green Mountains in Vermont, I 
went out with the village doctor one day on his rounds. In the 
course of the afternoon we came to a house half way up the 
mountain side, where there was no other house near and the air 
outside as pure as it is possible for air to be. Two of the family 
were very ill with typhoid fever, and another member was barely 
convalescent. The well was in a little depression between the 
outhouse and the barnyard, in a good position to take the 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 391 

drainage from both. The doctor cautioned the family, "Don't 
drink a drop of water from that well without boiling it." I 
hope they followed his advice and saved the rest of the family; 
but I think it more than likely that they thought the doctor was 
a man of fads and new-fangled notions, and the fever a dispensa- 
tion of Providence, and so went on in the old way. In that 
small country town — two thousand would have been a large 
estimate for the population of the entire township — there had 
been that year, so the doctor told me, over one hundred cases of 
typhoid fever, all caused by water from infected wells. Turbid 
water can generally be cleared by passing it through a good 
stone filter, but to kill any disease germs which it may contain it 
should be boiled. Boiled water is not so pleasant to drink as 
unboiled. The carbonic acid gas, which gives it life and sparkle, 
has been driven out of it, and it has a rather flat taste. If you 
are so fortunate as to have a deep well in a good situation, this 
precaution will probably not be necessary. 

Disinfection is considered a branch of House Sanitation, 
though it is, except in cases of sickness, a concession to human 
imperfection. If your cellar is light, dry, and well ventilated, if 
the plumbing is without a flaw, if your house is faultlessly clean 
and all refuse promptly removed, there should be little need of 
disinfection; in sickness it does become necessary. 

There is a popular idea that a sick room may be disinfected 
by hanging up cloths wet with a solution of Carbolic Acid, or by 
leaving plates filled with Chloride of Lime standing about. This 
is a mistake. These substances may to a certain extent remove 
unpleasant odors, but they do nothing more. The disease germs 
resist the action of poisonous gases much better than we do, so 
to really disinfect the sick room the air must be filled with 
poisonous gases far beyond the tolerance of human beings. 
Those who have had rooms disinfected by burning Sulphur or by 
Formaldehyde by order of the Board of Health, will appreciate 
this. 

The ideal disinfectant has yet to be discovered. Corrosive 
Sublimate might be one if it could be deprived of its poisonous 
and corrosive qualities, but as it is, it is out of the question for 
domestic use. Piatt's Chloride is a very good household 
disinfectant. It is without color or odor and, used according to 
directions, is practically harmless, though it would be very 
unwholesome to drink. A very good solution for washing 
clothing, sheets or towels used about a case of contagious 
disease, is made by mixing four ounces of White Vitriol and two 
ounces of common salt in a gallon of water. For cleansing 
vessels and receiving discharges, a solution may be used of one 
and a half pounds of Green Vitriol in a gallon of water. Cop- 



392 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

peras and Permanganate of Potash are useful disinfectants, and 
not so poisonous as to be dangerous to handle; but they stain 
clothing. Chloride of Iyime and Quick I^ime are useful in damp 
and musty places; they sweeten and, to a certain extent, dry the 
air. 

Foods. — It is very important to the welfare of your family 
that you should understand something of food values. I do not 
mean merely that you should be a good cook, though that is also 
very desirable and not at all to be underrated. 

There are three principal classes of foods: the albumi- 
nates, found most largely in animal foods, the fats, and the 
starches and sugars. It may seem strange to you that starches 
and sugars, which do not on the surface seem to have very much 
in common, should be put in the same class; but all the starches 
are changed to sugar in the process of digestion, so that in their 
effect on the system they are much the same. No one of these 
classes will support life alone satisfactorily, and all are needed to 
perfect nourishment; but the proportion in which they are 
needed depends very much on the surroundings and circum- 
stances of the individual to be fed. The albuminates, which are 
to be found in lean meat, milk, eggs, and in smaller quantities in 
the various cereal grains, build up the structure of the body; the 
fats and starches supply the heat and energy which is used up in 
action. Now you can see that a diet of fat pork is not suitable 
for a person taking but little exercise in hot weather, but is just 
the thing for men engaged in active out-of-door work in winter. 
The Esquimaux, who hunt and fish for a livelihood and are 
exposed most of the year to severe cold, consume great quanti- 
ties of train oil and seal and walrus blubber, which a man under 
ordinary conditions of civilization could hardly taste without 
nausea. This is not owing to any peculiarity of the Esquimaux, 
but to the conditions under which they live, for Nansen and his 
lieutenant, Johansen, who were separated from their ship and 
supplies for nearly a year and forced to live as the Esquimaux 
do in the extreme North, lived and thrived on a similar diet. 
On the other hand, natives of very hot climates live mostly on 
vegetable food, and people from northern climates forced to live 
in the tropics would do well to follow their example. There is 
no doubt that Englishmen in India would suffer less from 
diseases of the liver if they would eat less roast beef and pastry, 
and live, so far as diet goes, more as the natives do. From all 
of which it follows that food should be adapted to the climate, 
the time of year and the amount of exercise taken. 

Experiments have been made to ascertain the amount of 
energy, or working power, produced by different foods. Fats 
stand very high in the list; butter and fat pork are the leaders. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



393 



Then come the lean meats and cereals, oatmeal, corn meal and 
wheat flour. Peas and beans rank high; carrots, cabbage and 
potatoes, very low. Cheese stands high, though much lower 
than butter, but milk and eggs are surprisingly low. Poultry is 
low compared with other meats, and fish still lower. 

There is much less waste to meat when it is cooked slowly 
by very moderate heat. The coarser and tougher parts of the 
animal may be made tender and palatable by simmering a long 
time slowly over a low fire. If you are obliged to practice strict 
economy in feeding your family, a careful study of the value of 
different foods and different methods of cooking, which I can 
only indicate here, would be of great use to you. Remember 
also that your table should have a certain variety and be neatly 
served. Spotless linen, a vase of flowers or a pretty fern add 
little or nothing to the expense of a meal, but they add much 
to its pleasure and aid indirectly both the appetite and the 
digestion. 

There are certain substances which are taken with the food 
more for pleasure than for nourishment, of which I must say a 
word. These are tea, coffee, chocolate and various forms of 
alcoholic drinks. Tea and coffee are nerve stimulants, very 
pleasant and refreshing, and, if taken in moderation by healthy 
adults, I think they are practically harmless. Taken in excess, 
they injure the digestion, and they should under no circum- 
stances be given to children. Chocolate has considerable food 
value, owing to the fat it contains, but is so rich that it can only 
be taken steadily by people of strong digestion. The use of 
alcoholic drinks is entirely unnecessary to healthy people in 
youth and middle life, and is so fraught with deadly danger, in 
our climate, at least, that alcoholics as table beverages should be 
entirely discouraged. Alcohol is an invaluable medicine, but 
should be given, like other medicines, only on the prescription of 
a physician. 

The Pregnant State. — We come now to more personal 
matters — to the care of your own health under conditions which 
are new to you. We presuppose that you have been married a 
few months when you notice that you have passed the time for 
your monthly illness without the usual symptoms. Then you 
have a slight feeling of weight in the pelvis — a "bearing-down," 
as it is often expressed. Sometimes, not always, your breasts 
feel tender and mildly painful, and when you rise in the morning 
you have a distinct feeling of nausea. All these symptoms point 
to one thing, and if you do not yourself know what they mean, 
your mother or some older married friend will easily tell you. If 
the mother instinct is strong in you, as it is in the majority of 
women, you will feel that the news is good. Your heart will warm 



394 



FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



to the young life you are nurturing, and you will wish to take 
the best possible care of yourself ; not only for your own sake, 
but for the sake of the baby that is coming, that it may make its 
start in life with the best possible inheritance — sweet temper, 
quiet nerves and robust health — that the little body may be per- 
fect and the little soul serene. 

What can you do to that end ? I will tell you as well as I 
can. You must make up your mind to forego some pleasures. 
Dancing, for one thing, must be given up absolutely. It makes 
no difference that you have known a young woman who danced 
all through the earlier months of her pregnancy without disaster. 
It is not wise and it is not safe, even though some one person 
may have done it with impunity. Try as far as possible to avoid 
all unpleasant sights and sounds, especially the sight of deformed 
or disfigured people; but if you should by an unfortunate chance 
meet any such person, do not let your mind dwell on it with 
alarm. The probability that it will do any harm is after all very 
slight, and you can lessen it still further by resolutely refusing 
to let your mind dwell on the subject. Cultivate the grace of a 
placid and serene temper. Do not worry about things. Do not 
let yourself get angry even if the provocation is serious. Do not 
indulge in gloomy reveries. On the contrary, look on the bright 
side of things. This is a good receipt for keeping yourself happy; 
but the object is that the baby shall have a happy disposition, 
and in this you will find later you have been working not only in 
your baby's interest, but greatly in your own. 

Physical Precautions. — There are also certain physical pre- 
cautions that you must take at this time. Avoid all violent exer- 
cise, but at the same time keep out of doors as much as possible. 
Plenty of moderate exercise on the other hand is good for you, 
though you should stop when you find yourself decidedly tired. 
Do not jump from any elevation, even from a chair or carriage. 
L,eave hanging curtains and pictures to some one else. lifting 
any weight above your head is bad for you. Heavy lifting, even 
on a level, is to be avoided. 

The advice given you in books is not by any means all good. 
For example, I have seen a book which advised pregnant women 
to eat as little as possible, and particularly to avoid meats of all 
kinds, because then the baby would be small, its bones soft, and 
the confinement in consequence easier. Now, this is very delu- 
sive. Undoubtedly if a woman is half -starved, the child will be 
likely to be puny and ill-nourished, though not necessarily small. 
Nature will nourish the baby at your expense if you try to starve 
it. She will take the phosphates from your bones, especially 
from your teeth, to build up the bones of the little one, if the 
food taken is not sufficient. Do not be afraid to take as much 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 395 

food as you can easily digest. You need more food than under 
different circumstances. If the early morning nausea does not 
persist through the day, your appetite will probably be excellent. 
If the nausea is troublesome, it is well to have a cup of strong 
hot coffee brought to your bed in the morning. Take it with a 
few crackers or a little bread and butter, and wait half an hour or 
so before you try to get up. This will commonly make a great 
difference in your comfort during the day. If this is not suffi- 
cient, have your druggist make for you a mixture of J4 an ounce 
of Bromide of Potash in 4 ounces of Tincture of Gentian Root, 
and take a teaspoonful of it after your meals. I have found this 
to answer in all but severe cases, which, of course, require the 
care of a physician. The nausea, even when it is severe, does 
not usually persist after the third or the beginning of the fourth 
month, though some unfortunate women suffer from it during the 
entire term. 

Indications of Miscarriage. — If at any time after you have 
serious reason to think yourself pregnant, you see that you are 
flowing, go to bed at once and send for a physician. You are 
threatened with a miscarriage, which would be a serious mis- 
fortune to you. A miscarriage is a much greater strain on a 
woman's health than a natural confinement at term, to say noth- 
ing about the loss of your baby, which you would also feel to be 
a misfortune. 

Plain Talk. — Right here I may say that I am well aware 
that there are women who would not look upon it in that light — 
gay young wives with the instinct of motherhood imperfectly 
developed, who dislike giving up the gaities to which they are 
accustomed, who dread the months of semi -invalidism with the 
ordeal at the end, and still more perhaps the confinement with 
and care of young children. Such women not only rejoice at the 
interruption of their pregnancy, but are sometimes tempted, 
either themselves or by the help of physicians unworthy of the 
name, to interrupt it forcibly. If I have any such young women 
among my readers, and it is very possible that I may have, I wish 
I could impress upon them not only the wickedness, but the danger 
of such a course. Would you see any great difference in the guilt 
of a woman who murdered a baby a month old and one who 
made a year-old baby her victim ? Well, from the first your baby 
is alive. It is an old wives' fable that the life comes when you 
first feel it stirring. That only means that the baby has grown 
so large and strong that you can feel its movements through the 
bag of water in which it lies. And this baby, your baby, you 
are conspiring with some physician, who should be an outcast in 
his profession, to murder. This is plain talk, but it is true. No 
reputable physician will even think of doing this thing. He 



396 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

knows perfectly well what he is doing, if you do not. For a 
doctor it is the crime of crimes. He takes an oath on his gradua- 
tion that whatever other evil he may do, he will abstain from 
this. He renders himself liable to the penitentiary if he is 
detected. A man or woman who would do this is utterly 
unworthy of confidence. He does not, of course, wish to kill 
you, because that would seriously increase his own danger; but 
he rarely has either the skill or the intelligence desirable, and the 
secrecy necessary stands in the way of the requisite precautions. 
The operation is a very grave one at best; and even performed 
by a council of physicians with every advantage, as it sometimes 
must be in order to save the life of the mother when it becomes 
impossible to save both, it is by no means always successful. 

If you try experiments upon yourself, you may do yourself 
serious harm. Many women have killed themselves in that way. 
And you are very unlikely to accomplish your object. As for 
drugs, only a few exceptionally sensitive women are affected by 
them. As a rule you will materially injure your digestion, but 
that is all you will be likely to accomplish with drugs. 

A forcible miscarriage is very much more dangerous than 
one occurring of itself. It is all the difference between an apple 
torn from the bough on which it hangs, and one from some 
reason dropping of its own accord before it is ripe. 

This is a digression. I certainly hope the young mother to 
whom I have been giving advice and counsel will have no such 
temptation. 

The Clothing Worn. — Your clothing should be loose. Do 
not be tempted to try to improve your appearance by tight cloth- 
ing. In the first place you defeat your own object since anything 
that sharply outlines your figure is to your disadvantage; in the 
second place the pressure of tight clothing interferes with the 
proper development of the growing womb and may make trouble 
for you at the time of your confinement. The corset should be 
discarded after the fourth month. 

False Modesty. — From false modesty some women are 
inclined to shut themselves up after their figure becomes decid- 
edly noticeable. This is a mistake, and I hope you will not fall 
into it. You need the fresh air and the society of your friends. 
There is nothing whatever in your condition to be ashamed of ; 
quite the contrary. 

Symptoms That Need Attention. — It is quite possible that at 
about this time you may notice that your feet are somewhat 
swollen, particularly at night. There is nothing alarming about 
this if the swelling is moderate. It comes from the pressure 
which the heavy womb exerts on the large blood vessels. But if 
the swelling extends above the ankles, or if you notice that your 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 397 

face is puffy, especially under the eyes, or that your hands are 
swollen, you should see your doctor at once. These symptoms 
need immediate attention. 

The Last Weeks of Your Term. — You are coming to the time 
when you feel heavy and unwieldy, when, unless you are a robust 
woman, it is quite an effort to move about much. Perhaps you 
are behindhand with the little garments for the new comer and 
would prefer to sit all day over your sewing. Do not yield to 
this temptation. You need exercise now as much as ever. It is 
important that you should be in the best possible physical condi- 
tion to fit you for the ordeal through which you are to pass. It 
is at this time that many women of your acquaintance will advise 
you to put some astringent, as a tea of White Oak bark or a 
solution of Alum, on the nipples to toughen them, so that they 
will not become sore and tender in nursing. Do not do it. The 
astringent makes the tender skin brittle so that it cracks more 
easily. If the nipples are short or inclined to draw in, pull them 
out for a few minutes each day, rubbing in a little Vaseline or 
fresh mutton tallow. If they are very tender, you can use a solu- 
tion of Tannin in Glycerine — about 5 grains of the Tannin to an 
ounce of Glycerine. Have the druggist mix it for you. The 
Glycerine prevents the Tannin from making the skin brittle. 

You may also be advised to take sitz baths with a view to 
making the confinement easier. I never could see that such 
baths at this time were of any special use, but if they are not 
hot, only warm, they will do no harm. If the skin over the 
abdomen feels stretched and uncomfortable, you may get much 
comfort from rubbing Sweet Oil or Vaseline gently into it every 
night before you go to bed during the last month. Keep on 
rubbing gently until the Oil or Vaseline has all disappeared — 
been absorbed — and you will find that your underclothing will 
not be soiled. Of course you should only put on a little oil at a 
time. 

Feeling of Dread. — It is natural, as the time draws near, that 
you should look forward to your coming trial with alarm and dread. 
I have even known young mothers who quite expected not to live 
through their first confinement. If you have any such feeling, 
you greatly exaggerate the danger. I am telling you the truth, 
not prophesying smooth things, so I cannot deny that there 
is a possibility of danger. But I am an old woman; I have 
been engaged in active practice for nearly thirty years and have 
never seen a woman die in childbirth, though a very few have 
come unpleasantly near it. I remember talking with an old 
doctor who had delivered more than three thousand women — a 
much larger number than I can boast — and he said he never had 
a woman die in childbirth. There is more or less danger in all 



398 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

the affairs of life. Those of us who live in large towns run no 
small risk from electric cars, automobiles and bicycles whenever 
we go down town, but we do not make ourselves miserable on 
that account; we have become accustomed to it. If you are a 
country woman, you take some risk every time you ride after a 
gay horse, but you like the frisky creature for all that. Perhaps 
you dread the pain more than the danger. The pain is very 
real in all first confinements, even if they are perfectly natural, 
but it is not unbearable. You will have, or certainly should 
have, some Chloroform at the last, and it is astonishing how 
soon you will forget it when it is once over. 

Preparations for Confinement. — I should perhaps tell 
you what preparations you should make for your approaching 
confinement. If your mother can be consulted, or if you have 
engaged an experienced nurse, you will have all the advice on 
this point you need; but it is possible that you may have neither 
of these advantages. You need, then, a rubber sheet large 
enough to cover the whole mattress except a little space at the 
head of the bed, about three yards of unbleached muslin for 
bandages — this amount will make two and is much better than 
anything you can make — and a paper of large safety pins. You 
should have ready an old night dress, and, if it is cold weather, 
an under vest which you do not mind having destroyed; also a 
better one of each to put on when it is all over. You should 
have a dozen large toilet napkins, at least four sheets besides 
those on the bed, and plenty of towels. It is well to have a 
supply of old cotton rags, which are often useful, and remember 
that everything provided must be scrupulously clean. This is not 
merely a question of good housekeeping; it is a matter of life and 
death. You need a roll of absorbent cotton. It is necessary to 
have a bottle of Vaseline, one of Ammonia, one of good brandy or 
whiskey, and a small bottle of Carbolic Acid, distinctly labeled 
"poison;" also a good fountain syringe. 

You should have a baby basket in which is placed every- 
thing necessary for the baby's first toilet: A very soft linen 
rag for a wash cloth — an old table napkin if you have it — two 
very soft old towels, some bland, unirritating soap— -Juvenile is 
very good, but white Castile will do — two papers of safety pins, 
small and medium sizes, a suit of the little clothes, the plainest 
you have, half a dozen diapers, a box of baby powder with a powder 
puff, a little absorbent cotton for dressing the cord and some linen 
Dobbin for tieing it, and a pair of sharp scissors. Of course, any 
stout, smooth cord will do for this purpose, but I like the bobbin 
because it makes a firm knot that is in no danger of slipping. 
There should also be a baby blanket and a square of old woolen 
goods — a part of an old flannel skirt will do very well — in which 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



399 



to receive and wrap the baby when it first arrives. Be sure the 
nurse, or the woman who is to be with you, knows where to lay 
her hand on everything, so that there will be no time lost in 
hunting for necessary articles when the time comes to use them. 

The bed should be prepared by covering the mattress with 
an ordinary cover, over which is placed a sheet carefully and 
securely tucked in around the mattress. Over this is placed, on 
the middle of the bed, a sheet which is called a draw sheet, folded 
lengthwise till it is about a yard wide. This should be secured 
in place by safety pins. Over all this place your rubber sheet, 
which should also be carefully pinned in place by safety pins. 
Over this you can place another sheet, which had better be 
pinned down at the corners. When everything is over, the 
rubber sheet can be removed and you will have under it a clean 
bed for your commencing convalescence. 

At the commencement of the labor you should have a warm 
bath and a large enema — at least two quarts of warm water made 
soapy with white Castile soap. Your hair should be braided 
and tied securely at the ends, but not put up. If the pains are 
now quite frequent, say once in ten minutes, you can put on the 
nightdress and vest you have reserved for your labor, but put on 
a heavy wrapper and do not go to bed until you are unable to sit 
up any longer. I cannot tell you how long your labor is to be. 
Twenty- four hours is not an unreasonable time for a first confine- 
ment, but in such cases the pains are at first quite mild and 
about an hour apart. In such a case, if the labor commenced in 
the morning, you would probably be about the house through 
the day, first make the preparations I have spoken of in the 
evening, and the baby would be born sometime during the night. 
This is the most common course in first labors, but sometimes 
the pains come on rapidly and violently from the first and the 
whole is over in two or three hours. I am speaking, of course, 
of natural labor where, as the nurses say, "everything is all 
right." 

After Labor Is Over. — If you have had a comparatively 
easy labor and are yourself robust, you may feel that you are 
perfectly able to be up and about directly after it. On the other 
hand, if the labor has been severe or if you are not very strong, 
you will be completely tired out and find it an effort to open your 
eyes or answer the simplest question. 

When you have had time to rest after having been bathed, 
have had everything made fresh and clean about you and the 
baby has been washed and dressed, it should be brought to you 
for its first meal. Most babies take the nipple eagerly from the 
first, but some fuss about it a good deal, tiring the mother and 
making the nurse much trouble. They can be taught, however, 



400 



FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



with a little patience. It is true that there is no milk in the 
breast yet, but the secretion that is there is very good for the 
baby, and it is better for you to have it drawn off. 

How the Baby is Cared for. — I have said nothing as yet as to 
the care the baby should receive, but though you will not be able 
at this time to give the matter much attention, it is well that you 
should understand it. When the doctor has tied and cut the 
cord, he puts his finger in the baby's mouth to free it from any 
mucus that it may have taken in during the birth, and then, if it 
is breathing regularly, hands it to the nurse, who receives it in 
the square of old flannel you have provided. The baby may 
then be wrapped up still further and put aside until you are 
made clean and comfortable; but when it is washed, even in the 
summer unless it is in the middle of a very hot day, it should be 
taken to a fire. The little creature has come from a place where 
the temperature is between 98 ° and 99 °, warmer than it ever is 
in this climate, except for a few hours perhaps in a very excep- 
tionally hot summer's day. I have often seen babies blue and 
shivering with cold during the bath, and if this condition con- 
tinues too long, the baby may take pneumonia, which will end 
its life before it is hardly begun. The baby should be anointed 
all over with Sweet Oil or Vaseline to soften the thick matter 
with which it is smeared. It should then be carefully washed 
with warm water and soap. It should be washed about the eyes 
before you put any soap in the water or on the rag, to avoid 
getting soap into its eyes. Remember that the baby's skin is 
very delicate and be gentle in all your movements, and only 
uncover the part of its body on which you are engaged. After 
the baby is clean the cord should be dressed, which is done by 
wrapping it in absorbent cotton and putting a small pad of the 
cotton over it. Then put on the band, pinning it firmly but not 
too tightly, then the shirt and diaper, and follow with the other 
clothes in their order. No pins but safety pins should ever be 
used about the baby, and then if he cries, no time need be spent 
in hunting for a possible pin which may be scratching him. 

Your milk will come freely on the third day, though there 
may be a little milk in the breasts on the second day. It is very 
probable that in the first rush the baby will not be able to take it 
all and that the breasts will become distended and very uncom- 
fortable. They can in that case be bandaged by putting a large 
towel under the shoulders, bringing it around under the arms 
and pinning it over the breast quite tightly and firmly. This 
hinders the flow of milk by pressure, supports the breasts and 
presses out the superfluous milk. This is also the day on which 
it is a time-honored custom to give a dose of Castor Oil to move 
the bowels. If your milk has come in slowly and scantily, this 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



401 



is the thing to take, as it undoubtedly increases the flow of milk; 
but if you have, on the contrary, too much milk, a dose of Salts 
or a Seidlitz Powder is better. 

The flow, which was at first quite profuse, lessens as the 
days go by. At the end of the first week it should be less bloody 
and more watery than at first, and very much less in quantity. 
By the end of the second or early in the third week, it has gen- 
erally disappeared, though some women find it reappearing after 
any special exertion as late as the sixth week. That is not quite 
as it should be. The discharge should not be offensive. There 
may be a faint odor to it as there often is to the menstral flow f 
but if the odor is decidedly offensive, there is something wrong 
and the doctor should be consulted. 

Bathing. — You can have and should have, if you have a 
nurse, a sponge bath every day. You do not need any douches 
unless the discharge becomes offensive, and then, as I have just 
said, they should be given according to the direction of your 
physician. 

Diet. — I have said nothing yet about your diet. For the 
first three days you should have only tea, toast and broth, gruel, 
or perhaps a soft boiled egg if you are quite hungry. After that 
you can have any simple and nutritious food. Only remember 
that you do not need to eat as heartily as when you were able to 
take plenty of exercise. 

Remain in Bed. — Stay in bed ten days at least. Nothing is 
gained by trying to get up before that, even if you feel able to 
do so. The womb, which before you became pregnant was 
about the size of a medium sized pear and not far from that 
shape, has grown large enough to cover a baby weighing from 
six to ten pounds, not to mention the after-birth and no small 
quantity of water. It has become besides a powerful muscular 
organ with thick walls and capable of exercising great force, as 
you have felt during your confinement. Immediately after the 
labor, though it is empty and contracted, you can easily feel it 
in the abdomen if you are not very fleshy — a large hard ball, as 
large as a cannon ball or a grown person's head. It grows 
rapidly smaller, but it is not till the baby is six weeks old that it 
becomes reduced to its former size. Not till then, even if }'ou 
are perfectly well, are you in as good condition for hard work as 
you were before your pregnancy. I do not in the least menn 
that it will be necessary for you to confine yourself all this time 
to the bed or sofa. If you are well, you can leave your room at 
the end of the second week, and by the end of the third can go 
about the house freely, or out for a short drive; but not till the 
baby is six weeks old ought you to take up the full round of 
your duties if they are at all exhausting. A little care at this 

26 



402 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

time will pay in the long run and save doctors' bills, for if you 
try to do hard work while the womb is still heavy, you are likely 
to bring on some displacement which may keep you a semi- 
invalid for years. 



CARE OF THE BABY. 



The nurse, if you have one, has been engaged for a varying 
period of from two to six weeks. Even the longest time is soon 
over, and the responsibility of the baby's care falls upon you. 
This is an anxious time for mothers of first babies. Many a young 
woman has confided to me that she shed tears over the first bath 
she gave her baby. Few young babies enjoy their bath, and none 
of them like being dressed after it. The baby also resents the 
unfamiliar and awkward handling, and cries lustily. You feel 
that you are hurting your baby and can with difficulty resist 
the temptation to cry too. It does not really hurt a young baby 
to cry in moderation. It is his only way of expressing his feel- 
ings, and it is not always easy to say what feelings he is trying to 
express. Sometimes he is hungry, sometimes uncomfortable, 
as when his diaper is wet or soiled ; sometimes he is tired and 
sleepy, and sometimes, I really think, he becomes tired of his own 
society and wishes to attract attention ; and lastly, he is some- 
times in pain. Go on with the bath and dressing and never mind 
the crying. You have only safety pins and so cannot prick him, 
as you might otherwise do. When it is over, he will be consoled 
by his dinner and go to sleep. In bathing him, be sure he is dried 
thoroughly, and then powder him carefully where folds of the 
skin rub together, particularly under the diaper. Never let him 
stay wet or mussed, and after taking off the soiled diaper, wipe 
him, or wash him if it is necessary, and put on fresh powder so 
that he will be perfectly clean and dry before you put on the 
clean diaper. Many babies become dreadfully chafed from neglect 
of this care, and must suffer very much in consequence. 

Nursing the Baby. — I hope very much that you will be 
able to nurse your baby. It will be very much better for him 
and add greatly to your own comfort if you can. Do not fall 
into the way of nursing him whenever he cries. A young baby 
should be nursed every two hours — perhaps not quite so often at 
night, but at least ten times in twenty-four hours. He takes but 
little at a time and takes it very slowly. A young baby will often 
be fifteen or twenty minutes in taking what he wants, and will 
have several cat-naps in the time. Nursing is hard work for him 
and he has to stop for rest. When he is three months old, the 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



403 



time between meals may be lengthened to two hours and a half, 
with a still longer interval at night; at six months, every three 
hours, with two nursings at night; at ten months he may still be 
nursed every three hours, if you have milk enough for him, with 
but one meal at night. He now takes about eight times as much 
at a meal as when he was first born. 

There are some precautions that you should take while nurs- 
ing your baby. You may eat any simple and digestible food, but 
do not eat pickles nor very sour fruits, which are apt to give the baby 
colic. You should avoid all excitement, and not allow yourself 
to give way to anger. If by any unfortunate occurrence you 
should be greatly excited or frightened, do not nurse your baby 
directly after. Draw off the milk then in the breast and wait for 
fresh to come in before giving it to the baby. There is something 
in strong excitement, particularly of terror or grief, which, at 
least in some women, makes the milk poisonous. I knew a mother 
once who heard of her father's dangerous illness. She was a 
very devoted daughter and was greatly distressed; she prepared 
to go to him at once. In the midst of her preparation she stopped 
to nurse her baby. The baby was taken almost immediately 
with convulsions and died in a few hours. Cultivate a quiet 
mind if you wish your baby to thrive. 

If the nipples become sore and tender, they may cause you 
much suffering. The nursing, which is ordinarily a pleasure, 
becomes under such circumstances positive torture. The Tannin 
and Glycerine mixture, of which I have spoken before, is a very 
good application in such cases. It should be carefully wiped off 
before the breast is given to the baby. Be careful not to expose 
the breast to cold, especially to drafts while nursing. Many 
broken breasts have come from carelessness in this respect. 

If the baby is doing well he will increase steadily in weight 
— from two-thirds of an ounce to an ounce a day for the first 
four or five months, and about half as much for the rest of the 
year. 

Some Hints. — Teach him to lie quietly in his crib or cradle 
even when he is awake; too much handling is bad for all young 
animals. If he is not wet nor soiled, if he is not hungry nor in 
pain — and you will soon learn to distinguish the cry of pain — he 
will learn that it is of no use to cry just to be taken up. Turn 
him over — babies like to change their position and when they are 
very young cannot do it themselves — and leave him in the cradle. 
Above all, do not walk with him in your arms. Why babies 
admire that form of exercise I do not know, but they do admire 
it. They do not need it, however, and it is very fatiguing to 
adults. 



404 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Do not keep the baby in bed with you at night. While it is 
still very young there is some danger that, if you are a sound 
sleeper, you may roll over on it and suffocate it; such things 
have happened. But apart trom that, it is better for the baby 
and for you that he should have his own cradle or crib by the 
side of your bed and be put back into it when he has finished 
nursing. 

Fresh Air for the Baby. — The baby should pass part of 
every pleasant day in the open air, except in very cold weather, 
beginning from the time he is a month old if he is born in the 
winter; in the summer he can go out almost from the first, 
avoiding, of course, the heat of the sun when it is very warm. 
His eyes should be shaded from the light, indeed that precaution 
should also be taken in the house; a baby should never be 
allowed to stare at a bright light. He should wear a veil if it is 
at all cold, so that the cold of the outside air may be modified 
before it reaches his lungs. Do not keep him out long enough at 
a time to become chilled. 

Teething. — At about four months the baby will begin to 
dreul so freely as to need a bib to protect the front of his dress, 
and will bite eagerly on your fingers or anything that he can put 
into his mouth. When he is six months old, you may begin to 
look for his first tooth, although many babies do not get their 
first teeth till a month or two later. The first tooth is usually a 
front one on the lower jaw, and the second follows by its side 
very shortly; then there is a pause for a few weeks or a couple of 
months, when the two corresponding teeth on the upper jaw 
appear almost together. The other four front teeth are apt to 
follow these quite closely, and then there is a long wait. The 
first molars appear when the baby is from a year to fourteen 
months old, the upper ones generally cutting through first; then 
come the eye and stomach teeth when the baby is from sixteen 
to twenty months old. The last molars may come through any 
time from the second to the third year. 

It used to be the fashion to ascribe all the ills that a child 
suffered from the sixth to the twenty-fourth month to his teeth, 
it is now rather the mode to ignore the teeth altogether as a 
source of baby ills. I think the truth lies between the two 
extremes. That the teeth do hurt a baby more or less as they 
are coming through, I think there is no doubt, and he is apt to 
be cross, peevish and restless at such times. I have seen a few 
very nervous children show symptoms of convulsions — one who 
actually had a convulsion — but convulsions from teething are 
not nearly so common as used to be supposed. The liability of 
children of that age to diarrhea and other bowel troubles is 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 405 

owing to changes which are taking place in the baby's digestive 
apparatus fitting him to digest solid food, not to the cutting of 
the teeth. Babies fed at the breast are very much less liable to 
these troubles. It is very unlikely that your baby will have a 
convulsion, but if he should, put him at once into a hot bath while 
waiting for the doctor, and keep him in it till the convulsion is 
over; then take him out, dry him carefully and wrap him up in 
a blanket till the doctor arrives. Do not dress him as it may be 
necessary to put him into the hot water again. 

I^ancing the gums is not of the slightest use to help the 
teeth in cutting through. It is rather a hindrance, but I do think 
it quiets the nervous symptoms, probably by lessening the irrita- 
tion when the gums are hot, tender and swollen. 

When Shall You Wean Your Baby ? — It depends on 
many things — your health and his, and the time at which he was 
born. If you are not pulled down by the nursing, and the baby 
grows as he should do and seems satisfied and well nourished, 
you can nurse him for a year; or, if he was born in the summer, 
through the second summer. Do not wean him in hot weather 
nor when he is cutting teeth. Generally children weaned at nine 
months do fairly well. If the baby was born in the spring or 
early in the summer, and you doubt your ability to nurse him 
through the second summer, it is better to wean him while it is 
still cool, even though the year is not up. 

Return of Monthly Sickness. — As a rule, women have no 
return of their monthly illness while nursing. To this rule, 
however, there are many exceptions, and you may be one of these. 
Should you on that account wean your baby? If the baby still 
thrives, I do not think it necessary on his account. It may be that 
the double strain is too much for you; that depends on how vigorous 
your health is. In that case you must balance your own interests 
and the baby's, and decide between them. Usually, if your health 
seriously deteriorates, the character of your milk will suffer; but 
this is not always the case. I have seen women greatly exhausted 
by nursing who had babies the picture of health. All their 
strength went to milk, as the old women say. There is another 
possibility which is much more serious; occasionally a nursing 
woman becomes pregnant. If you find that to be your case, you 
must wean your baby at once. It is not only best for him, but 
even if your milk continued good, it is the greatest injustice to 
the coming child to continue nursing. It is next to impossible 
that you should fairly nourish both. 

Unless because of some such emergency as this, do not wean 
your baby suddenly. Begin by feeding him once, then twice in 
the twenty-four hours; then feed him through the day, reserving 



4 o6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

your milk for the night. In this way you accustom him gradu- 
ally to the change of food, and still have your milk for him if he 
should become suddenly ill. Then if all is well, you can take 
the breast from him altogether. In this way also you will have 
less trouble with your breasts. The quantity of milk lessens 
with the lessening demand, and at the last you will have little 
trouble. A compress of Camphorated Oil helps to dry the milk. 
Press or milk out enough milk to prevent caking, and you will 
have no trouble. It is quite a little art to milk a woman's breast 
without giving pain or causing any irritation. The rubbing 
should be done with the tips of the fingers, and always from the 
edge of the breast toward the nipple. It is not easy to describe, 
but any experienced nurse or mother will show you how it is 
done. 

What to Feed the Baby. — What will you feed your baby 
after and during weaning? Principally milk. A baby a year 
old, or nearly, can drink cow's milk, only it should be slightly 
warmed. How to obtain good milk is the next question. If 
you own a cow and can see to it that she has a good pasture, or 
a clean, well- ventilated stable, that she is in good condition and 
has wholesome food, you are very fortunate. If not, you must 
trust to the milkman. If you know something about him and 
his cows, so much the better; if you have serious doubts about 
the milk, it must be sterilized. I will describe the process later. 
Some authorities say that a baby a year old should have a bottle. 
I do not think so. Most children a year old can easily be taught 
to drink from a cup, and not only the trouble but the risks of 
nipples and bottles are saved. He does not need to be fed 
oftener than once in four hours, and once at night, at which 
times he should have as much as he wants. You may give him, 
if you like, particularly if he is inclined to be constipated, 
strained oatmeal gruel made rather thin; and a little chicken or 
mutton broth will not hurt him. Now and then he may have a 
chicken bone to suck, but the main dependence must be milk. 
If the bowels are too loose, the milk should be boiled. 

Avoid Advertised Foods. — Do not be beguiled by the various 
prepared foods on the market, nor by the advertisements with 
pictures of most blooming infants fed exclusively on each and 
every one of them. None of them are to be compared to the 
fresh milk of a healthy cow, and with the present methods of 
sterilization milk can be utilized that is not perfect. If you are 
unfortunately so situated that you cannot procure even passably 
fresh milk, or the milk at your command hopelessly disagrees 
with the baby even after sterilization, malted milk is probably 
the best substitute. It has the disadvantage of being quite expen- 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



407 



sive. Condensed milk is very much used, but it is deficient in 
nourishing qualities, and, although babies often grow fat while 
using it, they are not strong. 

When the baby has all his teeth but the last molars — usually 
when he is from one to two years old — you may begin to give 
him some solid food: a slice of stale bread and butter, bread and 
milk, a little mashed white potato, a sandwich made of rare beef 
scraped fine, a piece of rare beef to suck which you must watch 
that he does not swallow, a little oatmeal or corn meal mush, or 
a soft boiled egg. He will now take four meals a day and does 
not need to be fed at night. 

Do not make the mistake of letting him taste food which he 
cannot have with the idea that a taste will not hurt him. It 
may not, but it makes him unhappy. Children will not fret for 
food of which they do not know the taste. It is better not to 
have him at the family table at this age if it can be avoided. 
He is too young to be taught good manners, and some of the 
older members of the family may not be able to resist the tempta- 
tion of feeding him a little. 

Food for Babies Who Cannot be Nursed. — We must 
now go back and speak of the baby's food in case that you are 
so unfortunate as to be unable from the first to nurse him. A 
new-born baby cannot digest cow's milk unmodified. "It is a 
mistake," some old doctor has said, " to think that cow's milk is 
the proper food for babies; it is the proper food for calves." 
This is certainly true of the new-born baby. What are we to do 
then? We must modify the milk so as to make it resemble the 
mother's milk as much as possible; for that it should have more 
fat, more sugar and much less curd. A wise Philadelphia doctor, 
who devoted much of his attention to children, devised a mixture 
which is called, after him, Meigs' Mixture \ from which I have 
found excellent results; following is the receipt for a pint of 
it (you should have a measuring glass graduated for ounces, and 
then it is perfectly easy to make): 

Milk 2 ounces. 

Cream 3 " 

Water 10 " 

Milk Sugar 6^ teaspoonfuls. 

The Milk Sugar you can get at the druggist's. 

If your milk and cream comes from a milkman, this mixture 
should be sterilized before using. You can buy a sterilizer, 
which consists of half a dozen bottles in a wire frame, and a pan 
for the hot water, which should be deep enough nearly to cover 
the bottles; but all you really need at this stage, if you have an 
ordinary steamer, is a pint bottle. Fill this bottle with the 



408 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

mixture, put it into the steamer over a kettle of boiling water, 
first corking it tightly with absorbent cotton, and let it steam 
twenty minutes; then take it up, before it is quite cool add a tea- 
spoonful of I^ime Water, and put it on ice. 

The baby will take from an ounce to an ounce and a half at 
a time. He should be fed ten times in the twenty-four hours, 
and you should make enough at one time to last that long. The 
food should always be warmed for him. You will need an alcohol 
lamp to warm it at night. After he is six weeks old he will take 
two ounces of food at a time, and need not be fed quite so often 
at night — eight times in the twenty -four hours will do ; at three 
months he will take four ounces at a time and should not, if he 
takes all his food at each meal, need more than six meals in the 
twenty-four hours; at six months he will probably take about six 
ounces at a time and need to be fed as often; at ten months he 
will take eight ounces and need only be fed once at night, making 
five times in the twenty-four hours. 

Buy a nursing bottle — one without tubing — that will hold 
a pint. It is hard enough to keep the nipples perfectly sweet 
and clean; it is practically impossible to keep fine tubing 
so. The bottle should be scalded each time that it is used and 
carefully dried. The nipples should be carefully washed and 
then placed in a bowl of water to which a little cooking soda has 
been added. The baby's mouth should be washed out quite 
frequently with clear water to prevent its becoming sore. It is a 
good plan to wash it after a meal, unless he has gone to sleep 
over his bottle, in which case it is a pity to disturb him. 

Learning to Walk. — A healthy baby can usually sit up, 
if he is propped by pillows, when he is six months old ; but it is 
two or three months later before he will sit up of himself. After 
that he will make decided efforts to get about, often at first by 
rolling over and over and then pulling himself up by sofas and 
chairs. Some babies will hitch themselves over the ground with 
considerable rapidity, and some will make efforts to creep. A 
baby can usually stand alone before he can creep much. 

There is a great difference in the age at which babies make 
their first attempts at walking. Usually it is at about a year. 
Very ambitious and forward children will sometimes try at nine 
months; on the other hand, sluggish and backward children 
sometimes reach eighteen months without having made any effort 
to walk. Do not encourage the baby to walk before he is a year 
old, particularly if he is fat and heavy. Bow-legged children are 
made in that way. It is much better that he should strengthen 
his little legs by creeping before he puts his weight on them. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



409 



Where He is Kept. — If the baby has a nursery to himself, it 
should be bright and sunny, evenly warmed and well- ventilated; 
and this is true of any room he inhabits. On no account should 
there be anything like soiled or wet diapers left lying about to 
injure the purity of the air. 

His Clothing. — The clothing should be loose and adapted 
to the season. It should be warm in the winter and not too 
warm in the summer. The child's bowels should always be pro- 
tected by flannel summer and winter. In summer the flannel 
should be soft and light in weight. The clothing should not 
interfere with the freedom of the child's movements. The long 
dresses are usually shortened at six months; in summer this may 
well be done a month earlier, giving the baby a chance to kick 
and so strengthen his legs. 

Medicines. — Give the baby as little medicine as possible, 
and on no account give him any sort of soothing syrup to make 
him sleep. This is one of the worst things you can do, making 
an Opium eater of him while he is still in arms. 

Diseases of Children. — I have said nothing about diseases 
of children because that subject is ably discussed elsewhere, but 
I might give you a few hints in closing. Babies under a year old 
should be specially guarded from whooping cough. This is usually 
a slight ailment for children from five to ten years of age, but it 
is dangerous for young babies, and the younger the baby the 
more dangerous it becomes. Diphtheria is a scourge for old and 
young, but it is particularly dangerous to young children. On 
that account do not allow strangers to kiss or fondle your baby 
while it is taking its airing, and quarantine your nursery strictly 
against any one — man, woman or child — with a sore throat. Of 
the other children's diseases, scarlet fever is the only one which 
you need specially dread. Measles sometimes become dangerous 
if the child takes cold afterward and has pneumonia in conse- 
quence. 

In closing this chapter, I can only wish both you and the 
baby long life and the best of health, and hope that following the 
advice I have given may contribute something to both. 



WHAT A WOMAN OF FORTY-FIVE OUGHT TO KNOW. 



Women approaching this age often ask questions very diffi- 
cult to answer. When will the period of irregularity, rather 
inelegantly called by English authors the "dodging time," begin? 
How long will it last ? When will the flow definitely stop ? None 
of these questions can be answered by positive assurance. There 
is a very great difference among individual women in this respect. 
One can only give something approaching a general average. 
According to my experience, though I do not remember to have 
seen it stated in books, the early or late closing of the menstrual 
period, where it is not influenced by any disease or mental or 
physical shock, is largely a matter of family habit. In some 
families the married women rarely have any irregularity before 
fifty, and cease menstruating at from fifty-three to fifty-five 
years; in others the flow commonly ceases before forty-five. 
Tait, who is the great authority on this subject, gives forty-five 
years, eight and one-half months as the average date of closing. 
The observations were made upon English and French women. 
According to my observation, that is too early for us. Forty- 
eight years seems to me much nearer the average. There is a 
prevailing impression that if the menstruation begins early, it 
will close early. The exact contrary is the fact; a menstruation 
which begins late is more apt to finish early. There is a certain 
lack of vigor in the action of the ovaries, which is shown by the 
tardy appearance of the flow and which favors its early exhaus- 
tion, thus causing an early cessation of menstruation. 

Married women who have borne children are, other things 
being equal, later in stopping than their unmarried sisters. Some 
women, not a small number, lose their courses abruptly without 
any period of irregularity whatever. This is sometimes the 
result of nervous shock or exposure to extreme cold at or about 
the menstrual period; sometimes without any known reason. 
One would naturally suppose that such women would suffer more 
than others, but experience has not shown that they do. The 
average length of the irregular period is a little over two years, 
and the time which the various disturbances persist after the flow 
has finally ceased is about the same, making a period of disturb- 
ance of rather over four years. This is, however, subject to 
great variations. Sometimes it is very much shortened and, on 
the other hand, it may be lengthened to ten or twelve years. 

410 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 411 

Feeling of Apprehension. — Most women look forward to 
this period of their lives with great apprehension, feeling sure 
that a great body of diseases is waiting to spring upon them at 
this time. This is largely a misapprehension. It is no doubt a 
period of strain in which the weak points in the constitution 
come to the front, but healthy women with well-balanced nervous 
systems come through the time, in nine cases out of ten, with a 
very moderate amount of discomfort, often hardly giving the 
matter a thought. "I was so busy in those days that I hardly 
thought of it," one woman said to me when I asked her how she 
had come through the change. She was not by any means 
robust, but as far as her sexual organs were concerned she was 
well. The flow, when it does appear after the irregularity 
begins, is apt to be accompanied by more pain than customary. 
It is also very irregular in duration and in quantity. I have 
known a slight flow — only just enough to make it desirable to 
wear a napkin — to persist for three months when there was no 
disease whatever. Such a flow, when it is so slight as not to be 
weakening, need cause no alarm. On the other hand, a profuse 
flow which tends to persist is caused, almost without exception, 
by some diseased condition which can be corrected by medical 
treatment. The most common cause is granulations of the 
mucous membrane inside the womb, which can be removed by 
scraping out the womb, or, if they are not very bad, are some- 
times made to disappear by astringent applications. 

Hot Flashes. — The most universal discomfort of this time 
which all women notice more or less, but which in some is only 
a slight inconvenience while in others it amounts to very positive 
suffering, are the hot flashes, so-called. These flashes are very 
varied in their effects. Sometimes a great wave of heat passes 
over the whole body, making one feel as if the room were intol- 
erably hot; sometimes a special portion of the body, as a foot, an 
arm or a hand, feels as if it were on fire. These flashes ordi- 
narily last only two or three minutes, though the time may well 
seem longer to the person enduring them. They are often 
preceded or followed by a shivering fit; more frequently followed 
perhaps by a drenching perspiration. There is sometimes, 
though I think not often, palpitation of the heart and other 
nervous disturbances. These flashes occur with most varying 
frequency — from three or four a day to the same number an 
hour. Most women pay but little attention to them, but to 
some, as I have said before, they become nearly intolerable. I 
know of nothing that will drive them away altogether, but 
Bromide of Potash, from five to ten grains two or three times a 
day in plenty of water — about half a tumblerful for each dose — 
will certainly diminish their severity and frequency. 



412 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Both women who are anxious to have children and women 
who are very unwilling to have them, often suppose themselves 
to be pregnant at the change of life. The former are much 
harder than the latter to be persuaded of their error. I remember 
one woman over fifty who had the year before lost her youngest 
child, a young girl to whom she was devoted. She was delighted 
by the prospect of another child, and I had the greatest difficulty 
in persuading her that she was not pregnant, though she had 
absolutely no symptoms of it except the disappearance of the 
menstrual flow. Pregnancy at an age over forty-five is rare, and 
the rarity increases with each succeeding year; so a woman 
between forty-five and fifty need not take pregnancy into the 
account when she notices that the monthly flow has failed to 
appear. It is true that it is still possible, but it is so very 
unlikely that it need not be considered. 

Diseases Which Are Feared at This Time. — The 

diseases which most women associate with change of life are 
tumors, ovarian and uterine, and cancer. Ovarian tumors are 
much more common in younger women, and, far from being 
caused by the change of life, are rare at that time. Fibroid 
tumors of the womb may appear at any time, though they are 
more common in early middle life. In most cases they are 
favorably affected by the change, so that I usually advise a 
woman suffering from one, who is decidedly over forty and not 
in any present danger, to wait for the change of life before 
undergoing an operation; for at that time tumors of moderate 
size often disappear altogether, or at least shrink so as to make 
no further trouble. 

Cancer is a disease of old age, though in some forms it is 
occasionally seen in young people, or even in children. There is 
no doubt that it occurs more frequently between the ages of forty 
and sixty, but it has not on that account any real connection with 
change of life. With men it also occurs most frequently at that 
age. 

Nervous Disturbances. — The real troubles which are to 
be directly attributed to the change of life are those of the 
circulation which I have mentioned and which are all but 
universal — flooding, which, when it is severe, is almost if not 
quite always due to some diseased condition which can be 
removed by surgery; and some nervous disturbances of which 
I will now speak. Some women have nervous systems extremely 
sensitive to impressions, especially from the sexual organs. 
Such women are apt to be depressed and irritable during men- 
struation, and sometimes perhaps to have hysterical attacks at 
such times. They are extremely irritable and unreasonable 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 413 

during pregnancy, particularly towards its close, and such 
women are apt to suffer from nervous disorders during change 
of life. They are unreasonable and bad-tempered to such a 
degree that servants will not stay with them, and the family 
escape them as much as possible; or they are melancholy, sitting 
for hours brooding over petty annoyances hardly worth a second 
thought; or they suffer from a confusion of ideas, find it hard to 
fix their attention, lose confidence in themselves, and are often 
tormented by the fear of becoming insane. Very few, compar- 
atively speaking, do become insane, and of those few, unless it 
is hereditary, the insanity is usually curable. Suicide is not 
uncommon among this class of patients. 

Something may be done for these nervous disturbances by 
medical treatment. The bowels should be kept freely open, 
and a long warm bath, where the patient remains for an hour or 
more in the water, is an excellent sedative. Sleep should be 
secured at all hazards, even if it becomes necessary to give 
medicine for this purpose. Often change of air and scene and 
entire relief from household cares prove beneficial. In its begin- 
ning, in many of these cases, much may be done by the patient 
herself. This sensitiveness of the nervous system to the 
influence of other organs is a physical, not a mental condition. 
The impulse to speak the ill-natured word is strong, but is not, 
at least at first, irresistible. I have known cases of this nervous 
temperament combined with a strong will and sturdy common 
sense, where month by month and year by year the impulses 
were steadily fought down and the expression of them prevented, 
till at last the battle was permanently won. Unfortunately this 
combination is rare. 

Other Possible Disturbances. — There is another matter 
to be considered. This is, as I have said, a period of special 
strain and, when women are not in sound health, the evils lurking 
in the system are apt to come to the front. A woman with 
defective heart valves T%ill be apt to suffer from disturbed heart 
action, palpitations, fainting fits, etc. A woman whose stomach 
or liver is her weak point, is apt to suffer very much from digestive 
troubles. There is not often trouble with the lungs, for weak 
lungs are rather benefited than otherwise by the economy of 
blood gained by the suppression of the monthly flow, and the 
lungs do not react easily to nervous disturbances. If the bladder 
is irritable, it is apt to be troublesome. There will be difficulty 
in retaining the urine, and sometimes pain in passing it. These 
troubles are only indirectly owing to the change of life. They 
are the reaction of weak and sensitive organs to the disturbance 
of the whole system. 



4 I4 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

What can be done to pass this critical period with the least 
possible disturbance ? Plenty of gentle exercise should be taken, 
but also plenty of rest. One should not work to the point of 
great fatigue, bodily or mentally. The food should be bland and 
not stimulating — not very much meat, only weak tea and coffee, 
and that in moderate quantity, and absolutely no w T ine or beer. 
The bowels should be kept freely open, and the skin kept in the 
best possible condition by daily warm, not hot, baths. By this 
means much of the used-up matter in the system is carried off 
and the tension relieved. Excitement should be avoided and 
regular hours kept. 

It is very undesirable to marry at this time, particularly for 
women who have never been married before. The organs, 
already in a state of more or less disturbance, bear the unaccus- 
tomed stimulus of marriage very badly. 

Caution. — I have a word of caution to give in closing this 
subject. It is not safe for every woman above forty to take it 
for granted that every disturbance of the menses comes from 
the impending change. In that way diseased conditions, which 
might at first have been easily remedied, become much more 
serious by neglect. The increased flow and the dribbling of 
blood between the periods may be the result of a polypus, which 
a few twists of the forceps will remove; or of a cancer, for which 
the only hope is in an early operation; or of some other diseased 
condition which needs prompt treatment. The change to which 
the conditions are ascribed may yet be several }^ears distant. 

A few months after the flow has definitely ceased the 
woman's health begins to improve, very slowly at first, and at 
the same time, in a large number of cases, she begins to put on 
flesh. The improvement persists until at the end of the second 
year she has quite commonly better health than she has known 
for years. The Indian Summer of life has commenced for her, 
and more often than not long years of usefulness and peace are 
opening before her. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN. 



MENSTRUATION. 



In order properly to understand this subject, it is necessary 
first to give a 

Description of the Ovaries. — The ovaries are small, some- 
what elongated oval bodies about i % inches in length, % of an 
inch wide and Yz of an inch thick. They are situated one on 
each side of and a little distant from the uterus. They are 
attached to the uterus by ligaments and by the Fallopian tubes. 
They are a part of the reproductive organs of the female, and 
furnish the ovum, or egg, which passes through the Fallopian 
tubes into the uterus. They consist of a large number of small 
bodies called the Graafian vesicles, named after their discoverer. 
These small bodies are about T fo of an inch in diameter and are 
embedded in a framework of tissue. They contain the ovum, or 
egg, and both the vesicles and ovum are formed as follows: 

The ovaries are surrounded or enclosed with certain mem- 
branes, and, like all other tissues, these membranes are composed 
of little cells. After the age of puberty the cells constituting 
the inner layer are constantly changing. First, they gradually 
enlarge, then become detached or separated from the membrane, 
after which they are surrounded by another delicate membrane. 
The cell and its membrane constitutes a Graafian vesicle. The 
cell continues to undergo a series of changes until it is trans- 
formed into the ovum, or egg. Later, and at regular intervals, 
some of these eggs rupture the membranes which enclose them 
and pass through the Fallopian tubes into the uterus. 

The tubes which convey the eggs to the uterus are about four 
inches in length. They are considerably curved in their course; 
while the ovary is situated at the outer end of the tube, it is only 
about one inch distant from the uterus. The opening through these 
tubes is very small — perhaps large enough to admit the passage of 
a fine bristle. The tubes are composed of three coats. The inner 
coat is mucous membrane which is continuous with that lining 
the uterus; the middle is a muscular coat and is continuous from 

415 



41 6 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

the muscular walls of the uterus ; and the outer coat is formed of 
peritoneum, the same membrane which lines the abdominal 
cavity. The tubes join the uterus at the upper or superior 
angles, one on each side. Really the uterus, tubes and ovaries 
may be considered as one organ. The different parts are designed 
to discharge the various duties necessary for the fulfillment of 
its purpose in life. 

The Graafian vesicles and ovum are present in infancy, and 
even in fetal life. During the early years their blood supply is 
limited. They remain quiet until near the time of what is 
called puberty, when their blood supply is increased, and this 
excites a more active condition. They begin to enlarge, and 
continue to increase in size until one of them ruptures its 
membrane or capsule and escapes into the uterus as described. 
During the time these changes have been going on, the uterus 
has also received an increased blood suppty and the mucous 
membrane lining its cavity has become highly congested. When 
the egg drops into the uterus, the vessels of the membrane rup- 
ture, there is a flow of blood, and the egg is carried onward and 
may or may not escape from the body. When this condition 
becomes established, it occurs at regular intervals and constitutes 
what is called 

Menstruation. — This periodical condition or change natur- 
ally occurs once in twenty-eight days. However, from three to 
six weeks may be normal in exceptional cases. There is an 
increase in the blood pressure throughout the body, with special 
tendency toward the uterus and pelvic organs. During preg- 
nancy menstruation is absent, though occasionally it may con- 
tinue at the regular period for a few months, or in a light form 
throughout the term. It is also absent during the nursing period. 

Cause. — This is Nature's means or method of bringing about 
certain conditions necessary to the propagation of the human 
race. 

Symptoms. — When occurring normally, the symptoms are 
few and light. There may be a sense of fullness, heaviness and 
slight irritability about the pelvic organs. When occurring the 
first time, in exceptional cases there may be fever, restlessness, 
nervous phenomena, etc., but these all disappear with the begin- 
ning of the flow. When menstruation is painful, when it is 
excessive or when it is diminished, it is an indication of disease, 
either local or general. 

Menstruation Diminished. — This is a condition where 
the flow is diminished, but not entirely checked. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 417 

Cause. — It may result from exposure, wet feet, insufficient 
clothing or fright; or a chronic form may result from wasting 
diseases. 

Symptoms. — Occurring in the acute form, fever, constipation, 
headache, loss of appetite, etc. The symptoms may vary all the 
way from slight to more serious conditions, and even delirium be 
present. The symptoms of the chronic form are those of the 
conditions which produce it. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do. — In the acute form give Aconite, or such other 
remedies as are used in fevers, and active cathartics; place the 
feet in hot water, give hot drinks, and lay hot fomentations across 
the abdomen. This treatment relieves congestion by equalizing 
the circulation. If the case becomes serious, a physician should 
be called. 

A. If the patient is healthy, many physicians give no treat- 
ment where the flow is diminished or suppressed, but wait until 
the next regular period. It should be remembered that in some 
cases there may be considerable irregularity, even in a healthy 
subject, during the first year or so. Such cases need no special 
attention. 

In the chronic form the treatment should be directed to 
general improvement. 

AMENORRHEA. — Amenorrhea is absence or suppression 
of the menses. After the flow has been established it does not 
take place, or may be retained. 

Cause. — There are several conditions which tend to a lower- 
ing of the vital forces, and this contributes to amenorrhea, as: 
unhealthy surroundings, poor food, indigestion, too much hard 
work, worry, fright, anaemia, and wasting diseases, especially 
consumption. By stopping the loss of blood Nature tries to 
reserve the forces of the patient. Amenorrhea is present during 
pregnancy, and after the removal of the uterus or ovaries. 

Treatments. — 

A. What these cases usually require is that which is best 
calculated to restore bodily strength and vigor. Improve the 
hygienic surroundings, give tonics, plain, nourishing food, fresh 
air and sunshine. It is a mistake in these cases to give remedies 
merely for the purpose of producing a flow of the menses. Restore 
the general system. This will be the most certain to re-establish 
the menstrual period. 

There is a form of amenorrhea that is congenital — exists 
from birth. These cases may be due to the absence or lack of 

27 



4 i 8 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

development of the uterus or ovaries, or to an imperforate hymen 
— one without opening. If amenorrhea is accompanied by good 
health and a lively disposition, let the case alone. Such cases 
occur sometimes, and need no treatment whavever. 

B. I use Lloyd's I^eontin in 30-drop doses four times a day. 

-(30). 

C. Plethoric (full-blooded) subjects may take the following: 

Permanganate of Potash j 2 grains. 

Petroleum Jelly sufficient to fill 12 No. 2 cap- 
sules. 

Take one capsule before eating until all are taken, commen- 
cing two days before the time for the expected period. — (32). 

DYSMENORRHEA.— Dysmenorrhea indicates a difficult 
or painful menstruation. 

Causes. — There are several conditions which produce this 
trouble or disease, such as congestion, laceration or ulcers; it 
may be neuralgic or rheumatic in its nature; it may be due to 
anaemia; or there may be mechanical interference, such as dis- 
placement or stenosis. Stenosis in this case means a narrowing 
of the external opening. It may be membranous, i. e. y the lining 
membrane of the uterus may be cast off in shreds; or, in excep- 
tional cases the membrane may be expelled altogether, giving a 
complete cast of the uterus. In unmarried women the most 
frequent cause is stenosis. In this case the pain comes on a few 
hours or a day or two before the flow, and stops when the flow is 
established. In married women the most frequent cause is dis- 
placement and the inflammation which follows it. 

TREATMENTS . — 

A. In the case of young girls examination is not justifiable 
until other means have failed. Give cathartics if needed. If the 
patient is nervous before the periods give for a day or two 10-grain 
doses of Bromide of Soda together with 5 grains of Valerianate 
of Ammonia, every four hours. If there is much fever, give 
Aconite; if there is a history of rheumatism, give 20 grains of 
Salicylate of Soda four times a day, and keep the bowels active. 
If the patient is anaemic, give tonics, out-of-door exercise and 
nourishing diet. Morphine is seldom required. Any one of the 
Uterine Tonics given under Miscellaneous Medical Receipts 
(see Index) will be found a specific in many cases and of great 
benefit in others, when not due to mechanical interference. 
Stenosis, prolapses or other forms of displacement, require 
surgical interference. 

B. Put the patient to bed and apply hot water bag or hot 
poultice to lower part of abdomen. Give foot-bath in hot Mus- 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 419 

tard water. Evacuate the bowels as early as possible by giving 
5 grains of Calomel and by rectal injection of one quart of hot 
soapy water. 

The following combination will control pain and nervousness: 

Bromide of Potash 4 drachms. 

Chloral Hydrate 2^ " 

Chloroform Water 4 ounces. 

Give two teaspoonfuls in a little water every 
two or three hours. 

It is unwise to give laudanum or other opiates for the 
relief of this condition, because when they are once inaugurated 
the patient is very liable to acquire a drug habit — a condition far 
worse than the original disease. If these attacks are persistent 
and occur with each menstrual epoch, consult a good physician 
and allow him to dilate the uterine canal. — (49). 

C. Squaw Vine, Fluid Extract x /z ounce. 

Black Haw, " " 1 ounce. 

Dogwood, " " y z " 

Hyoscyamus, " " ]/ 2 " 

Codeine Sulphate 8 grains. 

Simple Elixir, enough to make 4 ounces. 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful three times a 
day for two or three days before the period 
commences. — ( 31 ) . 

D. Pulsatilla Tincture... 1 drop every half hour 

while the pain continues. — (41). 

E. Make a tea of Chamomile plant (see chapter 
on Herbs) and drink three or four times daily 
for six weeks. — (38). 

MENORRHAGIA. — Menorrhagia is a term applied to an 
excessive menstrual flow. 

Cause. — The cause may be inflammation of the uterus, tubes 
or ovaries; or inflammation of the pelvic organs outside the 
uterus may cause it. It may be caused by tumors in the uterus or 
ovaries; or it may be caused by erosion, by subinvolution or by 
hyperplasia (see Diseases of the Womb). 

Treatments. — 

A. Put the patient to bed and maintain absolute quiet. 
Give 1 teaspoonful Fluid Extract of Ergot every hour for two or 
three doses, or 20-drop doses of Tincture of Belladonna, or io- 
drop doses of Tincture of Iron. These remedies are valuable in 
the order given. If the case is urgent, raise the foot of the bed 
on two chairs and insert small pieces of cotton into the vagina. 
Excessive flow without any discernible cause may be cured by a 
long-continued use of Fluid Extract of Hydrastus in Y 2 teaspoon- 
ful doses four times a day. 



4 20 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

B. Fluid Extract Golden Seal i ounce 

Fluid Extract Ergot i " 

Mix> and take teaspoonf ul doses every three 
hours, more or less often, according to the 
severity of the case. — (31). 

C. Fluid Extract Ergot y 2 ounce. 

Simple Syrup enough to make 4 ounces. 

Take 1 teaspoonful every three hours, or 
oftener if needed. Rest in bed is absolutely 
necessary if flowing is very excessive. — (42). 

METORRHAGIA.— Metorrhagia is usually understood to 
mean an excessive uterine hemhorrage between the menstrual 
periods. 

Cause. — It may be caused by some of the conditions 
mentioned under Menorrhagia, by polypus, cancer, threatened 
abortion, retained part of the after-birth following labor, or 
placenta praevia, i. <?., where the placenta or after-birth grows 
directly over the external uterine opening. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment is the same as for Me?iorrhagia. In all cases 
where the hemorrhage is excessive or where pregnancy is 
suspected, send for a physician. 



GREEN SICKNESS— CHLOROSIS.— This is a term 
applied to a particular form of anaemia, often distinguished by a 
greenish-yellow coloration of the skin. It occurs in young 
persons, chiefly girls about puberty. It is an anaemic (see 
Anemia) condition of a pronounced type. 

Cause. — Disturbances of nutrition beginning with indigestion 
and constipation. 

Symptoms. — The skin assumes a pallid hue, the flesh becomes 
flabby, and the countenance after the menses, which are 
either scanty or suppressed, has a greenish-yellow cast. There 
is no loss of flesh, instead the patient sometimes takes on fat. The 
feet and legs have a tendency to swell, the patient tires easily, 
has palpitation on slight exertion, the appetite is usually 
depraved, the digestion impaired and constipation the rule. 
Gastric Ulcer (see Stomach, Ulcer of) may occur, and con- 
sumption, especially in those predisposed, is a common result. 

Treatments. — 

The treatment consists in nourishing diet and every atten- 
tion to the general health. Any of the following remedies may 
be taken to advantage: 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 421 

A. Tincture Chloride of Iron yi ounce. 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, add to 4 " 

Give 1 teaspoonful after meals and at bed- 
time. — (82). 

B. Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites 5 ounces. 
Maltine, or any good preparation 

of Extract of Malt 10 " 

Mix by shaking the bottle, and take a table- 
spoonful after meals and at bedtime — four doses 
a day. 

C. Fowler's Solution 2 drachms. 

Fluid Hydrastus 4 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, add to 4 " 

Mix. Take teaspoonful four times a day — 
after meals and at bedtime. 

D. Blaud's Pills — 5 grains each. Take 1 at meal time and 
at bedtime — four a day. 

E. Wyeth's Peptonate of Iron and Manganese. Dose on 
label 011 bottle. 

Tablespoonful dose of Kpsom Salts every morning.- — (7). 



CONFINEMENT, AND ATTENDANT DANGERS AND DISEASES. 



Pregnancy, Signs of. — The following are the signs of 
pregnancy: Cessation of menstruation; a uniform development 
of the uterus, the organ beginning to enlarge from the fourth to 
the sixth week; regular and gradual enlargement of the abdomi- 
nal cavity, beginning about the third month; morning vomiting, 
which commences about the fourth or fifth week and lasts for 
three months, more or less — this is sometimes absent, and some- 
times very persistent; gradual enlargement of the breasts, the 
change occurring about the second or third month — slight sore- 
ness may be present, also change of color about the nipples, the 
skin becoming darker; movement of the child. It should be 
remembered that any of these symptoms may occur without 
pregnancy, even imaginary movement of the child; but when 
occurring together, the case is certainly suspicious and undoubt- 
edly the condition of pregnancy exists. The only positive sign 
is hearing the fetal heart beat. Usually this can be heard about 
the fourth month. 

To Calculate Time of Confinement. — The usual method 
is to count nine months from the cessation of the last menstrual 
period and add one week. This is equivalent to 280 days. The 
limits are said to be from 250 to 300 days. Some authorities put 



422 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

it as high as 317 days. There is always a period of uncertainty 
of one or two weeks because the exact time of conception 
is seldom known. 

ABORTION— MISCARRIAGE.— In law and medicine 
Abortion is generally understood to mean the expulsion of the fetus 
from the uterus at any time before viability, or before the child is 
capable of maintaining life. By some abortion is applied to the 
expulsion of the fetus during the first three months of pregnancy. 
From the third to about the seventh month is called Miscarriage; 
from the seventh month to maturity or full term is called Prema- 
ture Labor, or Premature Delivery. With some the term abortion is 
associated with the idea of criminality, that is, that abortion is 
brought on intentionally ; hence the term has fallen somewhat 
into disuse and "miscarriage" has taken its place. 

Causes or Conditions that Produce Abortion. — Disease or 
injury of the fetus; disease or injury of the mother; disease 
of the placenta, or what is commonly called the after-birth; 
hemorrhage beneath and seperation of the placenta from its 
attachment to the uterus ; syphilis ; rupture of the membrane 
which encloses the fetus, either accidentally or intentionally; 
high temperature from some forms of fever; any conditions pro- 
ducing congestion and inflammation of the pelvic organs and 
uterus; and irritation of the uterus from tumor growth. Death 
of the fetus may or may not result in abortion. Severe mental 
shock is said to produce abortion in some cases. It is sometimes 
produced by drugs. Perhaps one of the most common causes 
of abortion is inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the 
uterus. This membrane is sometimes called the endometrium. 
For cause of such inflammation see Inflammation of the 
Uterus. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms are not unlike those of ordinary 
labor. The difference is governed somewhat by the age of the 
fetus. There is pain, which may be located in the back, in the 
front of the abdomen, in the groins, or may be most prominent 
in the uterus itself. These same variations often occur in regular 
labor. There is dilatation of the opening into the uterus. 
Hemorrhage is usually severe, because the placenta or after- 
birth is firmly attached to the walls of the uterus and is torn loose 
rather than separated naturally, as in the case of full term. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment in a case of abortion is the same as that fol- 
lowing regular labor (see IyABOR). 



DISBASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



423 



Dangers of Abortion. — During the early stages of preg- 
nancy the membranes which surround the fetus and the placenta 
are more delicate in structure than the mature growth. The 
placenta is firmly attached to the walls of the uterus, hence the 
danger of some parts being torn off and remaining adherent 
to the walls of the organ. Such remaining tissue would die, 
decompose, and the poisons from it absorbed into the circulation 
would produce what is called Puerperal Fever or Septicemia; in 
other words, blood poisoning would occur. Sometimes such 
remaining tissue is said to become organized, /. e. } surrounded 
and permeated by bands of new connective tissue fibers. L,ater, 
blood vessels are supplied, and the growth continues and results 
in what is called a Fibroid Tumor, meaning a tumor of hard tissue. 
In any case where parts of the after-birth remain, the uterus 
remains large and contains too much blood. This condition is 
described under Subinvolution. The inflammation resulting from 
retained parts of the after-birth may extend to the abdominal 
cavity and produce Peritonitis. The greatest danger exists from 
the third to the sixth month, because the placenta is most firmly 
adherent at this time. 

Another reason why abortion is more dangerous than labor 
at full term is that it is contrary to nature; and there are many 
ways, impossible to describe, in which the patient may suffer 
from some form of weakness or disease as a result of it. This is 
especially true in cases where abortion occurs more than once. 

To Prevent Abortion. — In case of threatened abortion the 
patient should lie down and remain absolutely quiet. The foot of 
the bed should be raised and placed on two chairs, and j£ grain 
of Morphine should be given with a hypodermic needle. Visitors 
should be kept out of the room, and all excitement avoided. 
These cases need the services of a physician. If a case has pro- 
gressed too far, or if the membranes have been ruptured, delivery 
cannot be prevented. There are other means of treatment recom- 
mended, but we have always adopted this plan with a reason- 
able degree of success. 

When Should Abortion, or Premature Labor, Be Pro- 
duced. — When the pelvis is so deformed that a full grown child 
cannot be delivered after the seventh month. At seven months 
the child may live. When the pelvis is deformed, some recom- 
mend allowing the case to go to full term, and then open the 
abdominal cavity and the uterus, remove the child and close up 
the wound. This is called Ccssarian section or Ccesatian operation, 
so-called because it is said Julius Caesar was thus delivered. Pre- 
mature labor is also advised by some in case of tumor growths in 
the abdominal cavity; when the kidneys become diseased and the 



424 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

urine contains a large amount of albumen; and when there is 
what is called placenta prcsvia y that is, where the placenta, or 
after-birth, grows directly over the opening into the uterus, 
and this condition is followed, after the sixth or seventh mcnth, 
with frequent profuse and dangerous hemorrhages; also advised 
in some cases of Puerperal Convulsions occurring before time for 
normal labor. 

PLACENTA PREVIA.— Placenta Previa means that 
the placenta, or a r ^er-birth, grows more or less directly over the 
opening in the lower part of the uterus. Normally, it grows 
near the top. In Placenta Previa there is usually more or less 
frequent and profuse hemorrhage after the sixth or seventh 
month; sometimes it occurs earlier. The later hemorrhage 
makes its appearance, the more favorable the case. Placenta 
PrcEvia does not often occur. Some authorities claim that the 
percentage is one to one thousand. Others claim that the per- 
centage is even less. 

Cause. — The placenta, being placed over the lower and 
smaller part of the uterus, it follows that, as the organ dilates to 
accommodate the growth of the child, and more especially since 
the growth of the placenta and enlargement of the uterus are 
unequal, the placenta is occasionally torn loose at some point; 
hence the hemorrhage. Placenta Previa is always considered a 
serious condition, because the uterus dilates with the approach 
of labor and the placenta is torn loose, as described. Hereto- 
fore the uterus has expanded or enlarged gradually, but now it 
dilates rapidly and the torn vessels are left wide open. As the 
blood is pouring from these, others are being constantly rup- 
tured, and the condition continues to grow worse until dilatation 
is complete; and even then the placenta is in the way of the 
child because it is below and the child is above. 

Symptoms. — Hemorrhage, more or less profuse, which may 
occur at any time, day or night. The hemorrhage differs from 
that in threatened abortion from the fact that there is no pain 
present. The pain produced in threatened abortion is due to 
contractions of the uterus; in hemorrhage from Placenta Previa 
there is no contraction. The hemorrhage is due to separation of 
the placenta, as stated above. 

While hemorrhage is a symptom of Placenta Prtzvia, it does 
not necessarily follow that this condition is present, and espe- 
cially if the hemorrhage occurs at what would have been the 
time for the regular monthly period. There are cases where the 
regular monthly flow occurs with more or less regularity during 
Ihe whole course of pregnancy. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 425 

Treatment. — 

In a case of labor with Placenta Pr&via, it is usually neces- 
sary to deliver the child as rapidly as possible. It is expected 
that there will be a good deal of hemorrhage, and the hope of a 
successful termination lies in the rapid delivery followed by con- 
traction of the uterus. The contraction closes the torn vessels 
and checks the hemorrhage. It is necessary to separate the 
placenta forcibly and rapidly. This must be done by mechanical 
means. If the head of the child is presenting, apply the forceps 
and deliver at once; or a foot may be grasped by the hand and 
delivered without delay. In these cases dilating the lower part 
of the uterus is sometimes difficult, because, following the growth 
of the after-birth at this point, the uterus has become thickened 
and rigid and dilates with difficulty. It is needless to say that 
these cases require a doctor from the first. The doctor should 
be composed and deliberate, and at the same time energetic and 
thorough. Having his mind made up regarding the dangers of 
the case, he should proceed with energy and determination. 
Cases of Placenta Prcsvia are reported where no hemorrhage 
occurs, not even during labor. If hemorrhage occurs early and 
is profuse and persistent, an abortion is sometimes recommended. 

LABOR. — Labor is the process whereby the child and its 
placental attachments are expelled from the uterus. What 
is called the first stage of labor consists of dilatation of the 
opening into the uterus. The second stage consists of the 
expulsion of the child, and the third stage, the expulsion of the 
placenta, or after-birth, and the contraction of the uterus. The 
first and second stages are largely theoretical. In the great 
majority of cases perhaps the attending physician does not know 
when one ceases and the other begins. In any event such 
division is unimportant and possesses no value whatever. 

Symptoms. — The first indications of approaching labor are said 
to occur about two weeks before it actually begins. At this time 
the uterus is said to change its position by settling lower down in 
the pelvic cavity. This is said to afford great relief from 
previous annoyances, and that walking, breathing, etc. , become 
easier. While the change in position probably occurs, as stated, 
it is our experience that such change is seldom noticed by the 
prospective mother. 

The pains are caused by the contraction of the uterus. At 
first the organ is unaided in its efforts, but later the muscles of 
the abdominal wall are brought into action and undoubtedly aid 
materially in the delivery. Sometimes light pains, and even 
those that are quite severe, occur with considerable regularity at 
times for several days before labor actually begins; sometimes 



426 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

they do not. Usually light pains are present more or less for 
perhaps twenty- four hours before actual labor commences. When 
the time comes that Nature has designed for the uterus to free 
itself, or for the child to be born, the pains become more regular 
and severe. At first they may vary from one-half hour to 
twenty minutes apart, and last perhaps for one-half to one minute. 
Gradually they become longer, harder and more frequent. 

During what is called the second stage the ' ' bearing down ' ' 
pains occur. During this time the patient is conscious of an 
effort to expel the child from the uterus, and unconsciously 
summons to her aid all her strength. This is generally satis- 
fying from the belief that she is going to succeed. The pains 
may be most severe in the back, in front, or may seem to be 
confined largely to the uterus. Sometimes even during the most 
severe part of the trial the patient will suddenly ask for a drink 
or something to eat. Such requests should always be granted. 

In most cases, under proper management, severe pains do not 
continue for more than one or two hours before the child is born. 
As soon as this event occurs and the child is found to be alive 
and normal in appearance, the cord should be tied with a strong 
thread about 2^ inches from the abdomen of the child. It 
should be tied a second time about 1 inch further distant, and cut 
between the knots with a pair of sharp scissors. The child 
should then be wrapped in a warm flannel blanket and placed in 
another room that has been well warmed and ventilated. 

After the event is over the mother experiences a great sense 
of relief, and sometimes desires to be let alone for a short time. 
In other cases there is no particular wish or desire. After 
waiting about twenty minutes, if the after-birth is not expelled 
and there are no pains indicating that it is going to be expelled, 
gentle manipulation should be made over the uterus, which can 
be plainly outlined. One hand, or better, perhaps, both hands, 
may make gradual and uniform pressure upon the organ. In a 
short time, usually a few minutes, this will stimulate further 
contraction with the result that the after-birth will be separated 
from the inner surface of the uterus and can be easily removed. 
The cord should not be used as a means of delivering the after- 
birth, and only slight traction should be made upon it. It is 
probably always safe to exert a force equal to lifting a one- 
pound weight. Following the expulsion of the after-birth, the 
manipulations of the uterus should be continued until it contracts 
to a reasonable size — perhaps the size of a cocoanut. Such 
manipulation not only eliminates the placenta, but also aids in 
eliminating any detached parts, blood clots, etc. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 427 

Reducing the size of the uterus not only prevents hemor- 
rhage, but renders the organ natural and places the mother 
beyond possible danger. 

Treatment. — 

In our experience with labor cases we have never given any 
particular attention to rules or theories of any kind. In caring 
for a large number of cases we have, with two exceptions, never 
spent more than two or three hours with any single case, and 
usually a much shorter time. We have never used the forceps — 
never have had occasion to do so. The following is our method 
of procedure : 

First, instruct the nurse to give a rectal injection and secure 
thorough action of the bowels. Also give a vaginal douche of 
warm water, containing a little Boric Acid. Next, by careful 
manipulation gradually dilate the opening into the uterus. This 
effort stimulates uterine contractions, usually within a few minutes, 
and the contractions aid in dilation. The child and more or less 
water are contained in a membrane forming a sac. The water is 
more freely movable than the child, hence with each contraction 
of the uterus the water is forced against the opening, rendering 
the membrane tense at that point. The membrane with its 
contained water produces pressure from within, which not only 
aids in dilating the uterus, but, the pressure being uniform, 
insures equal expansion. As soon as the opening is sufficiently 
large, rupture the membrane, allowing the water to escape. 
The way being clear and the contractions strong and active as a 
result of the foregoing, delivery follows rapidly. 

We understand that the claim might be made that such 
rapid delivery is dangerous because of its liability to rupture 
the external parts. However, in our experience rupture has 
occurred only two or three times, and then it was slight. When 
rupture occurs it should be repaired at once. 

There are, of course, cases where, as a result of some 
deformity, abnormal presentation or other cause, this or any 
other method of managing a case might prove disastrous. 

Note on Ergot. — We are aware that many physicians use 
Krgot in confinement cases, but we have never had a case where 
we thought it necessary to use this remedy. True, it may aid in 
the contraction of the uterus after the child is born, but if the 
organ has been freed from all parts of the after-birth, it will 
contract without it ; if it has not been so freed, it will not and 
should not close. Ergot may contract the circular fibers about 
the lower end or neck of the uterus and thus prevent proper 
drainage of blood clots or any remnants of the after- birth, and 
prove a most dangerous remedy. 



428 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

We were early taught to believe that Ergot was not only an 
important, but in many cases a necessary remedy in labor, but 
after a careful survey of the field and gathering all the informa- 
tion we could on the subject, we became convinced that it did 
more harm than good. By a study of its history we have been 
able to trace many cases of Child- Bed Fever to the use of Krgot; 
at least we were unable to detect any other cause. Certain it is 
that this trouble results oftenest in those cases where Krgot is 
used. 

Caution. — Too much cannot be said regarding careful 
attention to physical exercise following confinement. Several 
weeks — perhaps two months — are required for the uterus to 
regain its normal size and function. Perhaps one of the greatest 
reasons for chronic enlargement of the uterus, accompanied with 
the many associate symptoms and conditions, is the direct result 
of getting up too soon, or more especially of resuming active 
duties before the physical strength is able to meet the demands 
of such duties. This is more apt to be the case following 
abortion, because with many abortions are looked upon with less 
consideration of their importance; in fact, we have known many 
cases where, following abortion, the patient was up and in the 
discharge of her routine duties in a few days. This is contrary 
to all physical law, and those indulging in such practice are sure 
to bring on derangement and disease. 

FLOODING. — By flooding is meant hemorrhage from the 
uterus. 

Causes. — More or less hemorrhage may result from a polypus 
(see Tumors). Hemorrhage may result from Cancer, especially 
during the late stages. It more frequently results from Abortion 
(see Abortion), from Place?ita Prcsvia as explained under that 
head, or from failure of the uterus to contract after delivery of 
the child, as explained under Labor. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Place the patient on a 
bed, laying her on her back. Use no pillows under her head nor 
anything to raise it. Raise the foot of the bed by placing blocks, 
or something of the kind, under it. Get the doctor as quickly 
as possible. Have hot water on hand when he arrives. 

A. Following Confinement. — Where there is dangerous hemor- 
rhage following delivery, it may be almost instantly checked by 
making pressure on the abdominal aorta. It will be remembered 
that this is the large artery which comes from the heart. It 
passes down through the chest and abdominal cavities to about 
three-quarters of an inch below the umbilicus, or navel, and there 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 429 

divides into two branches. Pressure should be made just at or a 
little above the point of division. In many cases, by maintaining firm 
pressure at the point indicated for some time, the hemorrhage 
will not return. 

Another means of treating hemorrhage is by giving yj^ or T V 
of a grain of Atropine with a hypodermic needle. As stated many 
times before, this dilates the small vessels all over the body and 
allows the blood to drain away from any congested part. Mechan- 
ical pressure may be made, as stated, while the Atropine is being 
prepared, administered and taking effect. However, all this 
requires but a short time. 

Washing out the uterus with hot vinegar, packing it with 
ice, crowding tampons against the lower end of it and other 
methods are advised; but we have always used the first named, 
and have succeeded so well that we feel safest in recommend- 
ing that treatment. In all cases it is well to raise the foot of the 
bed, placing the posts on two chairs. 

B. When following confinement, administer one or two 
ounces of strong vinegar. Knead womb till contraction occurs 
and send for a doctor, keeping a firm hold on womb in the mean- 
time. Raise foot of bed a foot or two. — (60). 

C. Give hot salt water injections (tablespoonful of salt to 
quart of water) as hot as can be borne by the patient. Use large 
quantity. Repeat if the hemorrhage returns. Give patient 
Cinnamon tea to drink. Raise foot of bed to give the body 
slope towards the head. These means will control nearly every 
case by the time of arrival of the physician. — (15). 

CHILD -BED FEVER— PUERPERAL FEVER— 
SEPTICEMIA. — Cause. — This is caused by the retention and 
decomposition of the after-birth, or fragments of it, following labor. 
The poisons produced by the decomposing remains are absorbed 
into the circulation, and Septicemia, or Blood Poisoning, follows. 
When it occurs, it usually makes its appearance from two to 
four days after confinement. 

Symptoms. — There is a sense of chilliness or a severe chill, 
and high temperature, which develops rapidly and may increase to 
105 or 106, or even higher. The pulse ranges from 130 to 160. 
At first the face is flushed. There is no pain and the mind is 
clear. Among the early symptoms are soreness of the uterus 
and fetid odor produced by the discharges. I^ater the discharge 
is diminished and the secretions of the breasts are lessened. 

The uterus is partially covered with the peritoneum that 
lines the abdominal cavity, hence peritonitis may follow. In this 



430 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

case the temperature would be slight, and might even be sub- 
normal, though the pulse would be rapid. The abdomen would 
be more or less distended. Pain would be slight. 

Treatment. — 

First, clean out the uterus by mechanical means. Be sure 
that all placental remains and blood clots are removed, then 
wash out the organ with 2 quarts of warm water. Twenty or 
30 drops of Carbolic Acid may be added to the water, or 3 or 4 
drachms of Boric Acid. Repeat the douche in five or six hours; 
after this, perhaps once a day for a few days, although this part 
of the treatment should be governed by the temperature and by 
the odor of the eliminations. 

The foregoing is the all- important method in treating cases 
of this kind. Drug medication is absolutely without avail so 
long as the poisons contained in the uterus are being absorbed 
into the system. The bowels should be kept active, the most 
nourishing food should be given, and every attention paid to free 
ventilation. Stimulants and tonics should be given if needed. 

PUERPERAL CONVULSIONS.— This is a form of 
convulsions that occurs before, during or after labor. In appear- 
ance the convulsions sometimes resemble epilepsy. While they 
are the result of ursemic poisoning, they differ from ursemic con- 
vulsions at other times, and especially if occurring during labor, 
the time they most frequently occur. In uraemic convulsions 
occurring at other times, the temperature is below normal; 
occurring during labor, there is fever, and the convulsions may 
follow each other in rapid succession; or the first one may prove 
fatal, the patient never regaining consciousness. 

Cause. — The cause is the retention in the system of urea 
and other waste products usually eliminated by the kidneys. 
Mechanical interference from the enlarged uterus pressing upon 
the kidneys produces irritation and prevents their normal action 
with the result that they fail to eliminate the usual amount of 
waste material, and urea gradually accumulates in the system 
until convulsions occur. 

Symptoms. — If the urine of a suspected patient was exam- 
ined, albumen would be found present before there was any 
danger of convulsions. As a rule such examination is not made, 
and the first symptom of the trouble is the first convulsion or 
spasm. The body becomes rigid, the face blue, the eyes roll up 
in the head, there may be spasmodic twitching of the muscles of 
the face and hands, giving a ghastly appearance, and altogether 
death seems imminent. Or, the convulsions may come on gradu- 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



431 



ally. There may be a gradually increasing nervousness, accom- 
panied with spasmodic twitching of individual muscles, until 
suddenly the whole body is seized in one convulsive grasp. 

Treatment. — 

The only hope in these cases is elimination. The poison 
must be eliminated rapidly or death may result. 

These cases require the services of a physician from the first. 
Temporary relief should be given by the inhalation of Chloro- 
form. If labor has not terminated, it should be aided by mechan- 
ical interference and the child delivered as soon as possible. To 
control the convulsions any one of the following methods is 
recommended, and should be applied immediately after delivery, 
or sooner if the convulsions return. 

Give *A grain of Morphine with a hypodermic needle, and 
in thirty minutes give % grain additional, if needed ; or, give ^ 
grain of Veratrine in the same manner; or, give 40 grains of 
Chloral by the stomach, largely diluted. The Chloral may be 
repeated in one hour, if needed, or, if some improvement is 
noticed, % the amount — 20 grains additional — may be given. 

Some claim to control convulsions best by bleeding. This 
also aids in eliminating poison. At least one pint of blood should 
be taken. This treatment is justifiable in the strong and robust, 
but not in the weak and anaemic. It is understood, of course, 
that if bleeding is resorted to the Morphine, Veratrine or Chloral 
will not be given. 

As a means of elimination, give Yz grain of Pilocarpine with 
a hypodermic needle. Pilocarpine will produce profuse sweat- 
ing, and is one of the most rapid means of elimination. This dose 
of Pilocarpine is depressing, however, and, if used, stimulants 
should be added — Digitalis, or hot sling, or other suitable or con- 
venient stimulant. The sling will aid in sweating, the Digitalis 
will aid in elimination by the kidneys; either will stimulate the 
heart. Perhaps both may be needed. 

As an active cathartic, give 3 drops of Croton Oil in a little 
Glycerine or water, and place on the back of the tongue; or give 
from -J- to J grain of Klaterium. If these are not at hand, give a 
large dose of Castor Oil, or 20 grains of compound Jalap powder, 
or 20 grains of Scammony. Give rectal injections of hot soapy 
water to hasten the action of the bowels. 

MILK LEG. — In this disease the leg becomes swollen and 
light in color, and the flesh is firm and resistant to the touch. 

Cause. — It oftenest follows pregnancy, and is caused by the 
enlarged uterus pressing upon the veins and checking the return 
circulation. The trouble usually commences about ten days or 
two weeks after confinement. 



432 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Symptoms. — First, irregular chills, and malaise, meaning 
general bad feeling. This is followed by pain in the affected leg, 
and perhaps in the abdomen. The chills become more distinct. 
The limb begins to swell and there is fever, which is first remit- 
tent and later, intermittent. The limb becomes greatly swollen 
and the skin is hot, white and tense. Later the veins feel like 
cords beneath the finger, and an abscess may form in the course 
of a vein. The swelling is confined mostly to the layer of con- 
nective tissue just beneath the skin, hence the abscess would be 
near the surface and would break externally. The swelling may 
be so severe that gangrene results. This would cause Septicemia, 
or blood poisoning. Or blood clots may form and be converted 
into pus. The effects of these clots would be carried away by 
the circulation, and this would result in Pyemia, meaning pus in 
the blood. Recovery is slow and tedious, and the affected limb 
remains weak for some time. 

Treatment. — 

The patient should lie in bed and keep the limb elevated. 
Keep the bowels active. Apply Mercurial ointment and cover 
with a light bandage. This application should be repeated every 
second or third day. Internally, give i-drop doses of Tincture 
of Aconite or Fluid Extract of Veratrum every hour until the 
temperature is lower. Sustain the patient with a nourishing 
diet. Give stimulants and tonics as needed. After there is 
improvement, give some form of Iodine — Syrup of Hydriodic 
Acid, Iodide of Ammonia, Iodide of Arsenic, or some other prep- 
aration. This will need to be continued for some time — weeks, 
and perhaps months — in order to free the system of the products 
of inflammation. Such a case requires the attention of a doctor. 
Give Seidlitz Salts freely from the first. 



DISEASES OF BREASTS. 



INFLAMMATION OF — ABSCESS OF — MILK 
FEVER— "BROKEN BREASTS."— The mammary glands 
for the secretion of milk in the breasts consist of ducts, ten or 
twelve in number each, called lactiferous, meaning milk-bearing. 
These ducts terminate externally at the nipple ; internally, they 
branch into minute tubes like the roots of a tree. After delivery 
the increased nutrition that Nature had previously secreted in the 
uterus is diverted to the mammary glands for the sustenance of 
the child. 

Cause. — If it happens that there is an excess of secretion 
in the breasts, the milk tubes become choked and distended 
with it. This may result in an inflammation of the glands, and 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



433 



in some cases the patient is subject to a sharp febrile attack, 
called Milk Fever. Inflammation may also result from checking 
the flow of the milk too early, from exposure, from mental dis- 
turbance, as worry, fright or undue excitement ; also from 
external injury or pressure from too tight clothing. 

Symptoms. — Severe local pain, increased by pressure, is 
caused by the inflammation, and upon examination there will 
usually be discovered a hard swelling. The tendency is towards 
suppuration, the fever increasing with the formation of the 
Abscess. If the abscess breaks, the condition is spoken of as 
" Broken Breast." 

Treatments . — 

A. While hot poultices or heat in some form is most excel- 
lent treatment, always safe and the method usually employed, 
cold is also valuable if applied early. The first real evidence of 
inflammation of the breast is the presence of one or more small 
hard lumps. If a thin sack of ice is laid over the breast at this 
time and kept there, it will prove very effectual; in fact, applied 
early, it is the ideal treatment. There need be no fear about 
taking cold. Of course, the patient may catch an ordinary cold 
at this particular time, but she will not do so any more readily 
because of the ice pack over the breast. A laxative should be 
given early. — (82). 

Note. - Where there is evidence of inflammation of the breast and poul- 
ticing is decided upon, the applications must be thorough. Gradually 
increase the heat as long as can be borne. The poultices must be changed 
often, depending upon the size — once in five or ten minutes. This work 
requires the undivided attention of an intelligent nurse. 

If the case is seen early, the application of an ice bag, as recommended, 
will give most satisfactory results. 

B. Sometimes the child does not take all the milk, in which 
case inflammation may result, and, frequently, an abscess. Use 
a breast pump. As soon as the milk is drawn, relief follows. If 
an abscess forms, treat as described under Abscesses. 

C. Efficient support by bandage passing over opposite shoul- 
der. Moist heat applied by poultices or by large pancakes with a 
central hole for the nipple. Free opening and drainage in case 
of suppuration. — (60) . 

D. Apply a breast binder that will hold up breasts. Heal 
sore nipples as rapidly as possible. If they show signs of 
gathering, apply hot poultices all over the breast, except the 
nipple. If an abscess forms, open at once. — (13). 

NIPPLES. — The nipples during nursing are subject to 
excoriation, or cracking, making them extremely tender and 
causing much pain when the infant is nursing. These excoria- 

28 



434 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

tions are obstinate to heal from the fact that they are constantly- 
irritated, both by the clothing and by the action of the child in 
nursing. It sometimes occurs that the excoriations become 
ulcers if great care is not taken to protect the tender part. 

Treatments. — 

A. Where the ' ' cracks ' ' occur, there is always some 
swelling or distension, however slight — the cells constituting the 
outer layer of the skin do not protect the deeper layer or true 
skin, and it is the exposure of this true skin to the atmosphere 
that causes burning and smarting. In a word, this constitutes 
sore nipples. All that is needed is some unirritating substance 
to cover over until a new layer of cells has time to form. Sub- 
nitrate of Bismuth made into a paste with water is one of the 
best remedies that can be applied to these painful conditions. 
It is non-irritating, protects the deeper layer or true skin, and 
gives opportunity for the natural protection to form, i. e. t the 
new layer of cells. The Bismuth is not only harmless to the 
child, but it is a benefit to the mucous membrane of the mouth, 
offering the same protection here that it does to the nipples. 
Another advantage in using Bismuth is that it has no taste. 

B. In all cases of sore nipples the child's mouth should be 
washed several times a day with pure water, or, what is better, 
2 ounces of water containing x /i drachm of Boric Acid. Dust 
the irritated parts with Sub nitrate of Bismuth. — (82). 

C. Tablespoon heaping full of Catnip (use leaves and 
small sprigs only) and sweet cream enough to make paste. Mix 
and simmer for a day, then strain close and stir till cool. After 
nursing wash nipples with Castile soap and warm rain water and 
apply paste. — (14). 

D. Wash nipples with Borax water after each nursing, then 
cover them with Zinc Ointment and protect with soft cotton till 
next nursing time. If this makes them hard or cracks them, use 
Cosmoline or fresh mutton tallow every other time. Cleanse 
before nursing. Let babe nurse only every three hours, and only 
one breast at a time. If not better soon, get nipple shield for 
babe to nurse through. — (13). 

E. Tannic Acid 2 drachms. 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Mix, and apply locally every two to four 
hours. — (46). 

BREASTS OF INFANTS, MILK IN.-^Shortly after 
birth a secretion of milk-like fluid sometimes takes place in the 
breasts of infants of either sex. This occasions some inflam- 
mation and swelling, but it is a normal condition and does not 
require attention. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



435 



Treatments. — 

A. Let them alone absolutely. Avoid all rubbing, or any 
kind of application. Above all, do not allow any one to squeeze 
out the milk. They will give no trouble if let alone.— (13). 

B. I^et them alone. If swelled, hot or inflamed, apply a 
snug-fitting bandage of adhesive plaster. — (7). 



DISEASES OP THE WOMB. 



The uterus is subject to disease the same as other structures. 
Inflammation, tumor or cancer may attack this organ. Inflam- 
mation, which may be due to displacement or to other cause, is 
the most frequent affection. The treatment of any of these condi- 
tions cannot be successfully applied except by a physician. 



Retroflexion. 



Retroversion. 



Prolapse. 



Inversion. 



CONDITIONS RESULTING FROM DISPLACEMENT. 

The uterus is flexed or bent at a sharp 
angle. 

The uterus is slightly bent out of its 
natural position, usually backward. 

When the uterus is not maintained in 

its normal position, but is allowed to sink 

h lower- in the pelvic cavity by reason of 

weak ligaments ; or when the organ is 

enlarged and sinks from its own weight. 

As the name implies, the uterus is 
turned wrong side out. The inversion 
may be partial or complete. Inversion 
rarely occurs. 



Subinvolution. 



When the organ fails to contract to its 
natural size after labor, but remains large 
and contains much blood. 



Erosion. 

Hypertrophy or 

Hyperplasia. 

Atrophy. 



CONDITIONS RESULTING FROM INFLAMMATION. 

Inflammation and ulceration of the 
neck of the uterus. 

This is an increase in the size of the 
uterus. 

This is a decrease in the tissue of the 
uterus. 



436 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

TUMORS. 
(Tumors are named according to their location). 

Intramural $ Developed within the substance of the 

( uterus. 

Polypus I ^ tumor commencing just beneath the 

' { mucous membrane which lines the utei us. 

Subserous. «{ Just beneath the outer surface. 

displacements. 

The uterus is about 3 inches long, 2 inches wide and 
1 inch thick. It is shaped like a pear slightly flattened, with 
rather prominent rounded corners on either side toward the 
larger end. It is placed about the center of the pelvic cavity, 
and its natural position is nearly vertical, with the large end up. 
The lower or smaller end, called the neck, rests within the vagina, 
which aids in giving support. 

The abdominal cavity is lined with a thin membrane called 
the peritoneum, which has been mentioned before. The uterus 
is placed below the peritoneum, yet its upper part is covered by 
this membrane. Stand a pear on a table with its large end up, 
cover with a handkerchief and allow the handkerchief to drop 
around the sides of the pear and its lower borders to extend 
outward over the surface of the table, and it will represent the 
peritoneal covering of the uterus. At the sides, front and back, 
the peritoneum is thrown into folds. These folds include fibers 
of the surrounding connective tissue, also muscle fibers, which 
are continuous from the uterus. One end of the folds is attached 
to the uterus, and the other end to the sides, front and back of 
the pelvic cavity, and constitute the ligaments which support the 
uterus. It will be seen that the support is not rigid and that the 
uterus is subject to considerable free movement. For instance, 
in lifting or straining the uterus would be pressed downward; 
when such pressure ceases, it would resume its natural position. 
It may also be displaced backward by a full bladder. Such dis- 
placement is perfectly natural, causes no trouble and does not 
indicate disease. The displacements that do cause trouble and 
that indicate disease are Retroflexion, Retroversion, Prolapse and 
Inversion. 

RETROFLEXION.— When the upper end of the uterus 
is bent over backwards and the bend forms an angle at the 
junction and neck of the uterus, which corresponds to the body 
and neck of the pear, it is called Retroflexion. In this case the 
uterus is also rotated more or less on its long axis, so that while 
the upper and larger end is bent backward, the lower end 
projects forward. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 437 

Cause.— In most cases it is the result of a large uterus — one 
that did not contract properly after labor, or of getting up too 
early while it was still large — before the uterus had had time to 
contract. In such cases the ligaments mentioned are not able to 
give the support needed. Another cause is laceration of the 
lower end of the uterus during labor. The result is more 
or less enlargement, and this causes a relaxed condition of the 
ligaments. It may also be influenced by constipation or by tight 
lacing. It may be due to a generally relaxed condition 
where the body is poorly nourished. Sometimes the displace- 
ment is sudden, and is brought on by jumping out of a buggy, 
stepping down out of a chair, or sudden lifting or straining; but, 
of course, the conditions allowing such displacement existed 
before. 

Symptoms. — When occurring suddenly, there is a sharp 
pain, which extends to the back. There is an irritable bladder 
and general bad feeling, and the patient feels that there is some- 
thing wrong, but does not know what is the matter. When 
coming on more slowly, and in a chronic form, there is the same 
general bad feeling and sense of weight, dragging pain, pain in 
the back, headache and other symptoms given under the head of 
Inflammation of the Uterus. 

Treatment. - 

First of all, the organ must be replaced and maintained in 
its natural position. This requires the services of the doctor. 
The organ must be supported by tampons. If there is much 
inflammation and pain, this should be treated first and the organ 
replaced later. L,arge hot vaginal douches should be used twice 
a day. Saline laxatives, in the form of Seidlitz Salts or some 
other remedy of a like nature, should be given. The patient 
should avoid heavy work, lifting, straining, or anything that 
tends to bear down on the uterus. These cases generally need 
nourishing diet and attention to the general health to overcome 
the relaxed condition of the tissues. 

RETROVERSION. — Retroversion differs from Retro- 
flexion only in being a lesser displacement. There is no strictly 
dividing line between them. The symptoms correspond to the 
extent of the trouble. Undoubtedly retroversion occurs more 
frequently than other forms of displacement. It cannot be 
otherwise, because retroflexion, or any other serious displace- 
ment, must necessarily follow a milder condition. There are 
probably many cases of retroversion, or slight displacement, 
that pass unnoticed. When the condition becomes more serious, 
an examination reveals the true state. 



438 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

PROLAPSE. — When the uterus is not maintained in its 
normal position, but is allowed to sink lower in the pelvic cavity 
by reason of weak ligaments, it is called Prolapse. The prolapse 
may be partial or complete. When complete, the uterus is 
entirely expelled. This condition is called Procidentia. 

Cause. — The cause of prolapse is a large uterus and weak- 
ness of the ligaments. Weak ligaments may be the result of 
hard work, general debility, being too much on the feet, of 
disease or injury, or may follow labor where the patient has not 
made a complete recovery and where the uterus has remained 
large and heavy. This is called Subinvolution. Perhaps this is 
the most frequent cause. Prolapse may also be due to the 
increased weight caused by tumors. It is sometimes met in old 
women, being the result of a general relaxation of the system. 
Procidentia is caused by an exaggeration of the conditions named. 

Symptoms. — A sense of weight and pain in the pelvic cavity. 
Oftentimes the pain produces a dragging sensation, and there is a 
tired, worn-out feeling, a lack of ambition, pain in the back, 
headache, and other symptoms given under the various displace- 
ments, also those given under the head of Subinvolution. The 
symptoms vary according to the extent of the displacement. 

Treatment. — 

First, the patient should remain in bed. Take a hot douche 
twice a day while lying on the back, using two or three quarts 
of hot water each time. Dissolve % ounce of Boric Acid in the 
water each time. Support the uterus with tampons. If the 
organ is large, give % teaspoonful of Fluid Extract of Hydrastus 
four times a day. The bowels should be kept active, and daily 
baths should be given, followed by brisk rubbing, which should 
be continued until the surface is a bright red. Keeping the bowels 
active and the blood well brought out to the surface aids largely 
in equalizing the circulation, and thus in relieving the conges- 
tion, also inflammation if it is present. Attention should be 
given to food, ventilation, hygienic surroundings, etc. 

INVERSION. — Inversion is the term applied where the 
uterus is turned wrong side out. This may be partial or 
complete. 

Cause. — The uterus is large, and there is relaxation or a 
failure to contract at some particular point. The portion first 
involved is usually at the highest point of the organ. It may 
be caused by the pulling of the cord in the efforts to remove the 
after-birth; it may be caused by a short cord, where, following 
delivery of the child, the body of the uterus would be drawn 
inward. It may be caused by an adherent placenta <or after- 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



439 



birth. This may remain firmly attached at some point, and the 
efforts to remove it may cause the infolding of the uterus. As 
soon as the uterus begins to fold inward, the rest of the organ 
contracts upon this portion and tries to expel it, the same as it 
would a polypus, a blood clot, or any other foreign body. 

Symptoms* — The first symptom is a sharp, sudden pain, 
followed by more or less hemorrhage and a dragging sensation. 
If the infolding is slight, the symptoms will be slight. L,ater 
there is a discharge of mucus and pus, or pus and blood. The 
organ remains large. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment is mechanical. Give hot douches. Support 
the organ with tampons. The patient should remain in bed. 
Attention should be given to the bowels, also to the bladder, as 
spasm of this organ might follow. If inversion is complete, the 
uterus would appear externally. In this case grasp the organ 
with the hand, make firm pressure with a view of lessening its 
size, and try to replace it. If this is impossible, some recom- 
mend waiting a month or more and then renewing the attempt; 
others advocate removing the organ at once. If replacement is 
impossible, we advise the latter. 



SUBINVOLUTION.— This is the condition where the 
organ fails to contract to its natural size after labor — where it 
remains large and contains too much blood. 

Cause. — It may be caused by retained parts of the after-birth, 
by a lack of muscular power, or by temporary paralysis due 
to distension and pressure. The cause may be general weak- 
ness or exhaustion, or may be the result of fright where the 
patient has been left alone during confinement. The last would 
produce a paralyzing effect upon the nervous system. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms may be hemorrhage, more or less 
frequent and increased at the menstrual period. Examination 
shows the uterus to be abnormal in size. There is pain in the back, 
headache, and there may be palpitation of the heart and many other 
nervous symptoms. Constipation may be present, also more or 
less bloating of the abdominal cavity. There is a sense of weight 
in the pelvic cavity, which is made worse by the patient's being 
on her feet and trying to do active work. Following such 
efforts the symptoms mentioned will be increased until the 
patient may develop a seemingly unreasonable nervousness. 
Should the trouble become chronic, it may lead to Hypertrophy, 
or overgrowth. 



440 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment. — 

In this condition rest is of the first importance. The patient 
should lie down several hours each day, and should not attempt 
any active physical exercise or hard work; although light exer- 
cise or light work, not carried to the point of fatigue, would occupy 
the mind and doubtless be of advantage. Vaginal injections of 
hot water should be administered twice a day — night and morn- 
ing — using at least 2 quarts of water each time — 4 quarts would 
be still better. Internally take j4 teaspoonful of the Fluid 
Extract of Ergot, or the same amount of the Fluid Extract of 
Hydrastus, four times a day. These cases are usually accom- 
panied with a general loss of strength, hence the most nourish- 
ing diet should be secured, and some time should be spent in the 
open air each day. 

If due to retained parts of the after-birth, see Chiu>Bed 
Fever. 

INFLAMMATIONS. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE UTERUS.— Cause.— 
Inflammation of the uterus may be caused by displacement, 
or may follow labor or abortion where some part of the placental 
membranes or after-birth is allowed to remain. It may result 
from unhygienic habits and an unhealthy system. This means 
unhealthy secretions both in the uterus and along the vaginal 
tract. The secretions in the vaginal tract coming in contact with 
the cervix or lower part of the uterus may readily extend into 
the cavity of that organ and increase the inflammation. Inflam- 
mation of the lower part of the uterus may follow laceration caused 
by child-birth. It may also be caused by gonorrheal infection. 

Inflammation is usually confined to the mucous membrane 
which lines the cavity and is oftenest caused by displacement. 
In displacement the uterus is bent at a sharp angle. This causes 
irritation, congestion and inflammation. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms of acute inflammation are slight. 
There may be fever, headache, slight nausea, and a feeling of 
weight and soreness about the organ, which is some what enlarged. 
If at the menstrual period, menstruation is increased, there is 
pain in the back, the organ looks swollen and its color is a deep 
red. The extent of these symptoms depends upon the extent of 
the inflammation. 

One of the symptoms of chronic inflammation is painful 
menstruation. Blood clots are often present, and there is a chronic 
discharge accompanied with pain in the back, headache, disturb- 
ance of appetite and loss of strength and ambition. In such cases 
abortion follows pregnancy. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 441 

Treatment — Acute Inflammation. — 

If due to displacement, the organ should be replaced in its 
natural position. This, together with rest in bed for a few days, 
is usually all that is necessary in recent cases. 

Treatment — Chronic Inflammation. — 

Mix equal parts of Kurophen and Aristol to a creamy con- 
sistence with liquid Petroleum. Dissolve % ounce of Boric Acid 
in two or three quarts of water and with a fountain syringe 
thoroughly cleanse the vagina. Next warm and draw a little of 
the Europhen and Aristol mixture into a long-nozzled rubber 
syringe, exclude the air, by means of a bivalve speculum pass 
the nozzle of the syringe into the womb to the highest point, and 
inject carefully a few drops until the mixture oozes out below. 
This treatment should be applied every third day. This remedy 
cures by reason of its antiseptic properties, keeping the 
uterus clean and healthy. Hot douches morning and night 
should also be used. Use from 2 to 4 quarts of water as 
hot as can be borne. Dissolve % ounce of Boric Acid in the 
amount used for each injection. 

If the inflammation is the result of blood poisoning from 
retained membranes following labor, thoroughly cleanse the uterus 
and use the same injection of Boric Acid and hot water. Also 
give the general treatment under Child-Bed Fever. 

EROSION. — It is stated under the head of Displacements 
that the lower end of the uterus rests within the upper end of the 
vagina. The erosion occurs at this point, and the disease affects 
both the outer surface of the part projecting into the vagina and 
the mucous membrane which lines the lower part of the cavity. 
There is a gradual destruction and wearing away of tissue, and 
at the same time the part is enlarged because it is inflamed and 
swollen. Iyike all other organs, the uterus is composed of little 
particles called cells. The cells on the surface are destroyed and 
cast off so rapidly that the new cells cannot cover it. They are 
sufficient in number, but do not have time to develop. Also, the 
mucous membrane lining the uterus, like all other mucous 
membrane, contains numerous glands. Those occupying the 
diseased part become swollen and the secretions are greatly 
increased in quantity; they are also changed and thickened. 
Sometimes they contain pus, hence are sometimes spoken of as 
purulent. The mucous membrane becomes so swollen that it 
may dilate the lower part of the uterus and be exposed, or may 
roll outward and cover what naturally is a part of the outer 
surface. An examination reveals the mucous membrane as a 
red zone, varying in width and surrounding the opening into 



442 PA VORITB MEDICAL RBCBIPTS, 

the organ. Some of the glands mentioned may become clogged 
and, being filled with secretions, they dilate, forming cysts which 
vary in size. 

Cause. — It may result from unhealthy discharges from the 
uterus, from unhealthy secretions of the vagina which may extend 
into the uterus, may result from examination and the passing of 
instruments, from operations, or from attempts at abortion. The 
most frequent cause is laceration or tearing of the uterus during 
labor. 

Symptoms. — An abundant thick, light or yellowish discharge, 
pain in the uterus and vagina and extending more or less 
throughout the pelvic cavity, a general bad feeling, a feeling of 
weight, pains in the back and headache. All of the symptoms 
are usually made worse by active exercise. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment consists of using a douche of several quarts 
of hot water twice a day to keep the vaginal tract clean. A 
little Boric Acid may be dissolved in the water with advantage. 
The patient should take several hours' rest each day, etc. 

The uterus itself must also receive attention, but such treat- 
ment can only be applied by a doctor and by means of a 
speculum. There are several forms of treatment, but the follow- 
ing method has always proven satisfactory in our experience: 

Tincture Iodine 2 drachms. 

Fluid Extract Belladonna . . 1 ' ' 

Glycerine, add to 6 ounces. 

Mix by shaking the bottle. 

First thoroughly clean the lower part of the uterus with dry 
absorbent cotton wrapped around a small pair of forceps, and 
afterwards apply the solution by the same means. Pass both the 
dry cotton swab and that containing the solution up through the 
neck of the uterus. Afterwards saturate a tampon with the 
solution, press it up firmly against the uterus, and support it 
with a dry tampon. This treatment should be repeated every 
morning, and the tampons removed in the evening. In severe 
cases the tampons should be applied twice a day. 

The Iodine acts as a disinfectant; the Belladonna relieves 
spasmodic contraction and allays pain; the Glycerine absorbs the 
watery part of the blood from the inflamed uterus, the drainage 
relieving the distension and pressure: and the tampon gives 
support. 

Where laceration is present, an operation is needed. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 



443 



HYPERTROPHY, or HYPERPLASIA.— Enlargement 

of the uterus where the organ fails to contract after labor is 
described under Subinvolution. In subinvolution the channels, or 
sinuses, through which the blood flows are dilated, and the organ is 
swollen and enlarged. Hypertrophy consists of an enlargement of 
the uterus due to an increased growth of the muscle tissue of which 
it is formed. The lining mucous membrane is also increased in 
thickness. There is an increase of growth over waste, the same 
as the muscles of an arm would increase under certain physical 
exercise. 

Cause. — The increased growth is due to an increase in nour- 
ishment or blood supply It may be the result of chronic 
inflammation, may be influenced by the retention of the menses; 
or may result from tumor growth in the uterus, or in the pelvic 
cavity outside the uterus, because the increased blood supply 
necessary to support a tumor growth so near by would also increase 
the blood supply to the uterus. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms correspond to the conditions 
which produce the overgrowth. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment should be directed to the disease or conditions 
which produce it. 

ATROPHY. — This is a condition the opposite of Hyper- 
trophy, and indicates a shrinking or decrease in the normal size of 
the uterus. 

Symptoms. — Those of the conditions which produce it, unless 
surrounding structures are involved or adhesions form. The first 
might be followed by some form of chronic inflammation; and the 
second by a dragging or pulling sensation, with occasional 
twinges of pain, which become gradually less sharp and frequent 
and usually disappear altogether. 

Causes. — Wasting diseases, a lack of blood supply or nour- 
ishment, injuries during pregnancy or child-birth, or following 
child-bed fever. Any of these conditions may destroy the mucous 
membrane lining the uterus and portions of the adjoining uterine 
walls. Destruction of the mucous membrane by curetting 
(scraping out the inside of the uterus with a sharp instrument) 
would produce the same results. The use of the cautery, i. e., a 
hot iron or strong acids which are sometimes used in the treatment 
of certain diseases, will produce like results. The use of hot irons 
and caustics cannot be too strongly condemned. The same may 
be said regarding many cases of curetting. 

Treatment. — 

See under Hypertrophy above. 



444 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

TUMORS. 

As stated, among other diseases the uterus is subject to 
tumors. These are named according to their location. When 
occurring just beneath the mucous membrane which lines the 
uterus, they are called submucous; when occurring near or on the 
surface, and just beneath the peritoneum which covers the 
uterus, they are called subserous; occurring in the body of the 
organ, they are called intramural. These tumors are often called 
fibromas or myo7?ias. Fibroma means hard and fibrous; myoma 
means a tumor formed in muscle tissue. 

Cause. — The cause has never been given, yet we wish to 
state what seems to us to be a reasonable cause for these growths. 
The uterus, like the kidneys and brain, has a blood supply larger 
in proportion than other organs of the body. The arteries do 
not continue through the organ as through other structures, but 
the circulation is carried on through channels or sinuses in the 
uterine tissue. Whenever there is indigestion, lack of elimination, 
or disease from any cause, the blood contains irritating waste 
matter, and it is but reasonable to suppose that the morbid 
influence of this irritation will produce the greatest effect in 
those organs receiving the most blood, and more especially when 
brought into intimate relation with the tissues of the organ, as 
in the case of the uterus. The irritation is followed by conges- 
tion, unnoticed at first, but as the congestion increases to inflam- 
mation, the increased blood supply results in over-production of 
tissue. This is true of inflammation everywhere. It has been 
stated that tissue growth following inflammation is confined to 
the connective tissue framework. This is also true in over- 
growth in the uterus, and is the reason these tumors are so 
hard and fibrous. 

Symptoms. — Increased flow at the menstrual period, and 
enlargement of the organ. Examination shows a hard, lumpy 
growth. Many of these growths are small and give no symptoms. 

Treatment. — 

When a tumor is discovered, there should be a lessening of 
the blood supply of the uterus. For this purpose x / 2 teaspoonful 
of Fluid Extract of Ergot may be given four times a day, or the 
same amount of Fluid Extract of Hydrastus. It will be neces- 
sary to continue these remedies for some time. The patient 
should also keep as quiet as possible, and should lie down two 
or three hours every day. Tying one or more of the arteries 
which supply the uterus has been tried, but without satisfactory 
results. If the treatment fails and the growth continues, it 



DISBASBS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 445 

should be removed. In this case many advise the removal of the 
whole organ as it lessens the possibility of cancer, which might 
follow. 

POLYPUS. — When a tumor occurs just beneath the mucous 
membrane which lines the uterus, the growth is not hard, but 
soft. The reason is that the congestion, occurring so near the 
surface, causes the mucous membrane to bulge out at the point of 
least resistance or greatest pressure. This space is immediately 
rilled with blood. There is no overgrowth in this case. Nature 
tries to supply new tissue, but the effort succeeds but partially 
for the reason that the mucous membrane continues to bulge 
forward and the size of the cavity increases so rapidly that 
normal tissue cannot form fast enough to fill the space; hence it 
is more or less filled with a soft, gelatinous growth. These 
growths sometimes become very large, and the uterus enlarges 
the same as in pregnancy. The growths are called polypi. 
They may completely fill the organ, and the mucous membrane may 
bulge forward and downward until it protrudes from the uterus 
into the vagina. The stem or pedicle b3 r which they are attached 
shows the primary seat of origin. 

Symptoms. — The symptom of polypus is hemorrhage, either 
at or between the periods. As the growth becomes larger, the 
hemorrhages become more frequent and there is more or less 
pain. The pains are the result of contractions as the uterus 
tries to expel its contents. The polypus excites the same con- 
traction in the uterus that a clot of blood or any other foreign 
body does. In some cases there are no particular symptoms, 
except an increased flow at the menstrual period, until the 
polypus becomes large, when the hemorrhage becomes more 
frequent and there are painful contractions, as stated. Exami- 
nation shows the condition at once. In some cases the contrac- 
tions of the uterus are so strong that the growth is squeezed off 
— separated at the pedicle or point of attachment — and is dis- 
charged, either in parts or altogether. 

Treatment. — 

Where these growths are not expelled naturally, they should 
be removed. 

THE VAGINA. 



LEUCORRHEA. — The vagina is subject to inflammation, 
gonorrhea, tumors, cancer and leucorrhea. The last mentioned 
is caused by a relaxed condition of the surrounding tissues and 
of the mucous membrane, or it may result from inflammation of 
the uterus or other surrounding tissue. 



446 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatments. — 

A. Leucorrhea is a catarrhal condition and the treatment 
consists in cleanliness. This can best be maintained by injec- 
tions, using a large quantity of water each time — i gallon of 
water containing }4 ounce of Boric Acid. Astringents are often 
recommended for this trouble, such as the following: 

Sulphate of Zinc i drachm. 

Powdered Alum i " 

Water i gallon, 

Use all at one injection. 

The great object of the local treatment is to render the sur- 
face as clean as possible. The injection should be used often 
enough to maintain this condition — twice a day at least. These 
cases usually require general treatment in the way of nourishing 
food. Tonics may also be needed. The following one is recom- 
mended: 

Fowler's Solution 3 drachms. 

Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites.. 5 ounces. 
Maltine, or other good preparation 

of Extract of Malt 10 " 

Mix, and give one tablespoonful before or 
immediately after meals, and one at bedtime. 

For a gonorrheal discharge give the same large injections 
twice a day, but instead of the Zinc and Alum, add 2 drachms of 
Permanganate of Potash or 6 drachms of Boric Acid. 

If the discharge is due to inflammation of the uterus or other 
disease, the treatment should be directed to such cause. 

B. For almost all forms of disease of the vagina the hot 
douche is unequalled. Use every day from a quart to a gallon of 
hot water with a little salt dissolved in it. — (42). 

C. Use hot water douches with x / 2 teaspoonful of Sulphate of 
Zinc or Sugar of I^ead dissolved in four quarts of water, or Tinc- 
ture of Iodine used in the same way. — (26). 

D. Creolin — 20 drops in ^ gallon of warm water. Use as 
an injection into vagina morning and evening. — (23). 

E. Free irrigations (injections) with hot solutions of Borax 
— hot as can be borne. Use 2 drachms of Borax to pint of water 
once or twice daily. — (60). 

F. Wampole's Antiseptic Vaginal Cones. Introduce one at 
night and use injection of warm water in the morning on rising. 
-(9)- 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 447 

THE 0VARIE5. 



INFLAMMATION OF. — The ovaries (see description 
under Menstruation ) are subject to inflammation, abscess, 
atrophy, or shrinking, tumor, displacement and hernia. The 
last two do not often occur. Inflammation is by far the most 
common. 

Causes. — It may be caused by inflammation or abscess 
in the abdominal cavity, by appendicitis, blood poisoning, 
eruptive fevers, injury, or may result from tuberculosis, cancer 
or abortion. It most often occurs by extension from the 
uterus, passing along the Fallopian tubes, and perhaps the most 
frequent cause is gonorrheal infection. 

Symptoms. — The most prominent symptom is pain and sore- 
ness in the region of the ovaries. If it is an acute attack, there 
is fever and a rapid pulse. The pain may extend around the 
crest of the hip down the limb. It is made worse by exercise and 
by the approach of the menstrual period, and is made easier by 
the flow. In the early stages menstruation is increased. If it 
continues and becomes chronic, menstruation may be lessened, 
or may cease altogether. 

Treatment. — 

In most cases rest is of first importance. If it is an acute 
attack and seen early, cold packs may be used over the diseased 
organ; later, hot poultices. Vaginal injections of Boric Acid 
solution as hot as can be borne may be used once or twice a day. 
If there is much fever, give i-drop doses of Tincture of Aconite 
every hour, more or less often as needed. Keep the bowels 
regular. If seen early, give an active cathartic. The patient 
should remain quiet until the soreness and inflammation have 
disappeared. Attention should be given to the general health, 
ventilation, etc. With some there is a strong tendency to resort 
to the knife whenever there is disturbance of the general health 
with neuralgic pains in the region of the ovaries, or when accom- 
panied by some nervous phenomena. This practice cannot be too 
strongly condemned. A great surgeon said recently, "The ten- 
dency of the profession to appeal to the knife is the great error of 
the present century." Inflammation of the ovaries is no differ- 
ent from inflammation elsewhere. Inflammation of the ovaries 
does not often occur and, as already stated, when it does, it is 
usually the result of extension from surrounding structures. 
With some classes it most frequently results from gonorrheal 
infection. 



448 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

TUMORS OF. — Tumors of the ovaries do not often occur. 
The most usual form is what is called Ovatian Cysts. These are 
caused by the failure of the egg (see description) to rupture. 
Instead it continues to enlarge and becomes filled with fluid. 
These tumors sometimes reach enormous proportions. The only 
treatment is removal. Where an abscess is present, it should be 
opened and treated the same as abscess elsewhere. 



DISEASES OF CHILDREN. 



INFANT FEEDING. 



The Best Substitute for Mother's Milk.— If the mother 
is healthy, the best food for an infant is the mother's milk. 
When this cannot be had, cow's milk has been proved to be the 
best substitute, but cow's milk must be modified or changed so as 
to approximate human milk as nearly as possible. Mothers who 
are unable to nurse their infants should know how to feed them. 

Infant Foods. — The Public Health Journal, published in 
New York, says: "Nearly every form of infant food has been 
used in the New York Infant Asylums. The experience with 
them as foods — something for infants to thrive upon and gain 
weight on — has been, without exception, unsatisfactory. Many 
varieties are positively dangerous. Cow's milk, cream and sugar 
have been demonstrated to be the only reliable substitutes for 
mother's milk." 

Deficiency of Water. — Many disturbances of digestion are 
to be explained by deficiency of water — certainly more than are 
due to an excess of it. Many infants receive water only as they 
get it in their milk. An infant as well as a grown person can be 
thirsty without being hungry. Babies who are not given water 
receive it only in their food, hence they are obliged to eat to 
satisfy thirst, and they may still suffer thirst because they cannot 
eat more. This also causes them to eat too much and too often. 

Starch and Sugar. — Again, those having the care of babies 
should know that the infant's power to digest starch or cane 
(granulated) sugar is very slight at birth. If these are used, 
there is danger of setting up an acid fermentation, which may 
cause catarrh of the stomach and digestive tract and produce 
colicky pains. Cane sugar and starch cannot be digested by 
children under one year of age, therefore starchy foods, as bread, 
potatoes, etc., should not be given. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 449 

Preparation of Cow's Milk. — To render cow's milk like 
human milk, the appended tables may prove convenient. They 
also show the necessary change in the amount of ingredients 
which will harmonize with the child's age and growth. Very 
large and robust infants may require more, and weak ones less, 
than the amount indicated. 

Sterilizing Milk. — Some prefer to sterilize milk. This may 
be done by pouring the milk into a clean bottle or can and placing 
the same in a kettle or pan of water. The cork or top should be 
loosened and the water boiled for thirty minutes. The cork 
should then be replaced and the milk set in a cool place. Before 
using, the milk should be slightly warmed by placing the nursing 
bottle in warm water. 

Frequency of Nursings. — A healthy infant should not 
nurse more than fifteen or twenty minutes at one time. Very 
young infants should be allowed to nurse every two hours during 
the day, and the number of feedings in twenty- four hours should 
be ten. After the fourth or fifth week (some authorities put 
this as late as the third month) the infant should nurse at regular 
intervals of two and one-half hours during the day, and only 
once during the seven or eight hours during which the mother 
ought to sleep. From the beginning of the third month to the 
end of the nursing period, every three hours is often enough; 
after six months five to seven nursings are sufficient during the 
twenty-four hours, and night nursing, that is, between ten 
o'clock in the evening and six o'clock in the morning, should be 
given up. If necessary, water may be given during the night. 

Disease Caused by. — Cholera infantum, various forms of 
rash, convulsions, brain fever and many other diseases, are 
brought on by unhealthy surroundings, unhealthy food and over- 
feeding. The stomach of the new-born babe holds only from two 
to three tablespoonfuls. Cow's milk contains less sugar than 
human milk, and about four times as much caseine, or milk 
albumen. During extreme hot weather less milk and more water 
should be given. 

Time of Weaning". — Nursing babies should be weaned 
before they are one year old. It is better to wean them in cold 
weather, and when they are not cutting teeth. The mother with 
consumption, or very poor health from other cause, should not 
nurse a baby. 

Hot weather kills babies by spoiling their milk and other 
food. The heat also lowers their vitality, or power of resistance. 
About one- half of all deaths in cities are young children, and 
about two-thirds of this number are infants under one year of 
age. In nearly every case the primary cause of disease com- 
29 



450 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

mences in the digestive tract. Over one- third of the children 
and infants die during the months of July and August. The 
weather cannot be changed, but proper feeding, cleanliness and 
fresh air will do much to prolong the lives of children. 

Preparation of Bottled Milk. — 

From Birth to the Third or Fourth Month. 

Milk, fresh 8 tablespoonfuls. 

Lime Water, fresh (see note below).. 2 " 

Water, boiled (see note below) 30 " 

Milk Sugar, pure 9 even teaspoonfuls. 

From the Fourth to the Ninth Month. 

Milk, fresh 16 tablespoonfuls. 

Lime Water, fresh 2 " 

Water, boiled 22 " 

Milk Sugar 9 even teaspoonfuls. 

Amount to be Given. — Enough of either of these to last 
for the day should be placed in a clean bottle or fruit can — one 
that has been thoroughly scalded — the bottle or can placed 
upright in a vessel containing a few inches of water, and the 
water heated to the boiling point (see note below). The bottle 
or can should then be taken from the fire, cooled quickly and 
kept tightly corked in a cool place. The number of tablespoon- 
fuls of the mixture put into the feeding bottle should be as 
follows: 

For the first week 2 to 3 

Second to sixth week 3 " 7 

Sixth to twelfth week 8 " 9 

Third to sixth month 8 "12 

Sixth to ninth month 12 " 18 

Note.— See Index for Milk, scalded, Water, boiled and Lime Water, 
to make. 



CAPILLARY BRONCHITIS.— (See under Bronchitis 
in Department I ) . 

CHOLERA INFANTUM.— (See under Cholera in 
Department I ) . 

DEFORMITIES. — Many, in fact all but the more serious 
deformities, may be successfully treated by putting on light 
splints and keeping well bandaged. The treatment should com- 
mence as soon as the deformity is discovered. 

EYES, SORE AT BIRTH.— (See Purulent Conjunctivitis 
under Eye, Diseases of, in Department I ). 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 451 

FRACTURES. — Fractures in children differ in no way 
from fractures in adults, excepting that with children the bones 
fracture more easily and there is less destruction of the soft 
tissue and less swelling, hence these cases are more easily cared 
for. 

Causes. — Fractures may occur in utero, i. e. , during or before 
birth. Such fractures may be the result of pressure upon some 
of the pelvic bones during the development of the child, may 
result from some abnormal position during birth, or from pres- 
sure from the forceps. It is understood, of course, that fracture 
from the forceps is more liable to occur in a narrow pelvis, or in 
one that is deformed. Fractures occurring after birth are due to 
external violence or force, as falls, blows, etc. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment differs in no way from the treatment in the 
adult. In the case of a fractured limb in a child where there is 
little or no swelling, it is considered good practice for the doctor 
to put on a plaster paris bandage. This is sometimes called a 
plaster cast. This is allowed to remain until the fracture heals. 

HARELIP. — All cases of harelip should be treated by a 
surgeon. The operation should be performed during infancy. 

HERNIA, INGUINAL.— Under Hernia in Department 
I, it was stated that in foetal life the testicles occupied a position 
in the abdominal cavity, and that before birth they passed down 
into the scrotum; also that the openings through which they pass 
remain and are called the inguinal canals, meaning canals in the 
groin. We failed to state the purpose of these canals, which is 
the transmission of arteries, veins and nerves that supply the 
testicles. The canals also contain what are called the vasa def- 
erentia. These are two small tubes which lead from the testicles 
up through the inguinal canals, pass into the abdominal cavity 
behind and below the bladder and terminate in the urethral tract. 
We also stated that the canals were closed at their upper end by 
the peritoneum which lines the abdominal cavity, and compared 
the peritoneum to the film which surrounds an egg and lies 
beneath the shell. Sometimes in the child the abdominal open- 
ing into the canal is not properly closed, and this allows more or 
less free opportunity for some part of the bowel to communicate 
with it, the result being an Inguinal Hernia. 

Cause. — That already given. 

Symptoms. — A bulging or prominence in the form of a soft 
tumor along the course of the inguinal canal, which readily 
disappears when the child lies on its back, or which may be 
pressed back easily. 



452 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment. — 

The application of a properly fitting truss. These cases 
usually make a complete recovery later by the closure of the 
canal. 

HERNIA, UMBILICAL.— This consists of a protrusion of 
some of the abdominal viscera or contents through the navel ring, 
which in foetal life gave passage to the umbilical vessels that were 
contained in the cord. 

Cause. — Incomplete closure of the ring. This may be due to 
crying, straining, or other internal abdominal pressure ; or may 
result from a lack of nourishment where proper healing has not 
taken place. The outer covering of skin is usually complete. 



a 



Symptoms. — A protrusion, giving the form or appearance of 
small tumor, which is easily reduced by pressure. 



Treatment. — 

Take a piece of flat cork or button the proper size, cover it 
with soft cotton cloth, sew it in the center of a bandage, then 
place the cork or button directly over the tumor and secure the 
bandage around the body. Both the bandage and the tissues 
beneath should be kept thoroughly clean. Like all other forms 
of Infantile Hernia, this variety usually results in complete 
recovery. 

INCONTINENCE. — This means an involuntary evacua- 
tion of the bowel or bladder, although it is generally understood 
to mean inability to retain the urine during sleep. This is a 
disease of childhood and is overcome with age, but may also be 
relieved by treatment. 

Cause. — Phimosis (See Phimosis), adhesions of the prepuce, 
intestinal worms, or over-sensitiveness of the urethral tract. 
These and other causes are given, although in many cases there 
can be no cause discovered. When a disease or condition exists 
that is not well understood, various theories are advanced as being 
the cause. Sometimes these theories may be correct; sometimes 
they may not. We think this statement applies to incontinence. 
Personally we believe that many cases of incontinence are due 
to a lack of development of the nerve fibers which supply the 
neck of the bladder, hence the constrictory muscle is not under 
proper control. Or, another way of looking at it, this nerve sup- 
ply might be over-sensitive, hence the pressure resulting from a 
distended bladder would allow or cause an involuntary passage of 
the urine during sleep. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 453 

Treatment. — 

We have always relied upon Atropine in the treatment of 
this trouble and have always been successful. It is good prac- 
tice to give a dose of Santonine for one or two nights. If 
there are any worms present, it will remove them without trouble; 
if there are none present, it will do no harm. Again, Santonine 
is a remedy used by some for this trouble whether due to 
worms or not, and it is even claimed to be successful in some 
cases where Atropine fails. If Atropine is used, it should be 
given in several small doses frequently repeated, commencing 
two or three hours before the child goes to bed; or one large dose 
may be given. The small dose seems preferable because by that 
means there would be no danger of over-dosing. For a child 
from five to ten years old, give -^ of a grain every hour until 
the pupil of the eye is well dilated, or until the face is flushed, 
and give at bedtime 1 grain of Santonine and 1 grain of Calomel. 
In some cases it is necessary to repeat the Atropine for some 
days. If the two or three doses of Atropine do not produce 
the symptoms mentioned, begin the treatment earlier the second 
day and continue until effect. 

Retention of Urine. — In most cases with infants, retention 
of urine may be overcome by giving liberally of a tea made of 
pumpkin or watermelon seeds. Sometimes the urethral tract in 
the new-born male child is not complete, i. e. , does not reach the 
surface. Whenever this condition is present the doctor should 
make an artificial opening, being careful to have it meet the 
termination of the natural opening. 

Note. — This same defect sometimes occurs in the digestive tract. We 
are acquainted with one case of this kind where an external opening was 
made. The opening was continued for some 2 l / z inches into the bowel. 
The mucous membrane of the bowel was brought down and stitched to the 
skin, and the operation was a complete success. 

JAUNDICE PERNICIOUS. — This is a malignant and 
fatal disease of the new-born. It is a pernicious form of jaun- 
dice which differs entirely from the ordinary catarrhal variety. 
This form does not stain the whites of the eyes nor give other 
characteristic signs of jaundice. 

Cause. — It is caused by defective circulation in the liver. 
Among the primary or earlier causes is unhealthy blood, 
malformation, syphilis, inflammation of the umbilical cord, 
imperfect circulation in the lungs, or blood poisoning from any 
cause. Bad hygiene and improper nourishment before birth lie 
at the bottom of all. "Pernicious Jaundice" is a misnomer 
because there is no jaundice present, 



4^4 PA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment is largely symptomatic. Make the child as 
comfortable as possible. There is no known treatment that is of 
value. The patient may live for a few days or for a week or two. 

MOTHER'S MARK.— (See Birth Marks under description 
of Skin in Department I). 



DISEASES OF THE MOUTH. 



Cleanliness. — Babies cannot clear the mouth of food pro- 
ducts after eating like grown people do, and after nursing there 
frequently remain particles of milk in the form of curd, which 
may be lodged under the tongue, at the sides of the mouth, 
along the throat, or covering more or less the surface of the 
mucous membrane lining the mouth. These particles readily 
decompose and furnish an acid secretion which irritates and 
inflames the mucous membrane, and is probably the most common 
cause of sore mouth in infants. If the mouth is kept clean and 
free from the products of nursing, it will seldom get sore or give 
trouble. 

Treatments. — 

A. If the mouth is rinsed out with clear water two or three 
times a day, or night and morning, it will be all that is needed. 
This can best be done by using a soft cloth wrapped around the 
finger. 

B. Peroxide of Hydrogen 4 drachms. 

Distilled Water 4 ounces. 

Wash the mouth with some of this solution 
several times a day. — (29). 

APHTHiE— THRUSH— CANKER SORE MOUTH. 

— This is a disease of the mouth in which small vesicles appear. 
These vesicles may ulcerate. If ulceration takes place, it is 
called Aphthce, or Thtush; if ulceration does not take place, it is 
spoken of as Canker Sore Mouth. It is a disease of infancy and 
may follow a catarrhal condition of the stomach, or may result 
from a lack of cleanliness of the mouth, as described. 

Causes. — Those already given. It may also be caused or 
influenced by indigestion and an unhealthy condition of the 
bowels. Also said to be caused by teething. 

Symptoms. — The child may refuse to nurse, and small vesicles 
appear in the mouth — on the tongue, gums, lips and mucous 
membrane of the cheek. The vesicles are first of a light color. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 455 

If ulcers form, they are quite painful. There is no odor. The 
child may worry a good deal, and in some cases is very trouble- 
some. 

Treatments. — 

A. Regulate the stomach and bowels, give good ventilation, 
and wash the mouth with the following mixture: 

Borax, powdered 1 drachm. 

Lloyd's Hydrastus 4 drachms. 

Glycerine 2 " 

Water enough to make 2 ounces. 

Apply this with a soft cloth several times 
a day. The child's mouth should also be 
washed with a little warm water after nursing. 

To regulate the bowels, give the following mixture: 

Carbonate of Soda 1 drachm. 

Wine of Ipecac 1 " 

Fluid Hydrastus 6 drachms. 

Syrup of Rhubarb enough to make 4 ounces. 

Dose. — 10 drops to % teaspoonful twice a 
day, according to age. 

The above is applicable either to the ulcerated or simple 
form. 

B. Borax, powdered % teaspoonful 

Alum, powdered ^ " 

Tannin % " 

Mix together and pour on 16 tablespoonfuls 
of boiling water. Stir until dissolved, add 2 
ounces Glycerine and swab the mouth thor- 
oughly three times a day. Regulate the 
bowels. 

C. Bayberry Bark, pulverized 1 teaspoonful. 

Golden Seal, pulverized 1 " 

Red Raspberry leaves small handful. 

Put all into a dish, pour on boiling water, steep, sweeten 
with honey or loaf sugar, and swab the mouth thoroughly with 
the decoction, using a nice soft swab, three or four times a day. 
Be sure to brush well between the gums and cheeks and all 
around thoroughly. 

Also splendid for nursing sore mouth. 

D. Make a wash of a teaspoonful of Alum to a glass of 
water. Internally, one teaspoonful of Rochelle Salts every morn- 
ing, taken in a glass of water before breakfast. — (7). 

Note. — For infants, give Castoria (see Miscellaneous Medical 
Receipts) in place of Rochelle Salts. 



45 6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

E. Add Chlorate of Potash to water until some remains 
undissolved in the bottom of the glass. Hold in mouth as often 
and as long as possible. Swallow a teaspoonful occasionally. 

-(14)- 

Note. — For an infant, swab the mouth and allow none to be swallowed. 

F. "Yellow Root." Either chew the root, or make a strong 
tea and add equal parts of honey or Glycerine and a little Alum 
-(9). 

Note. — For an infant, swab the mouth. 

G. Gargle with solution of Chlorate of Potash — y? teaspoon- 
ful to a pint of water. — (n). 

Note. — For an infant, swab the mouth. 

H. Black wash composed of: 

Calomel 30 grains. 

Lime Water 6 ounces. 

Has proven very efficacious in some obstinate cases. — (60). 

I. Saturate a feather in Kerosene Oil and apply to sore, is a 
remedy recommended by an old nurse. 

J. Iodoform 1 drachm. 

Ether 2 " 

Mix. Apply with camel's hair pencil occa- 
sionally. 

CANCRUM ORIS, or GANGRENE OF THE 
MOUTH. — This disease usually affects children of about two 
years of age. 

Causes. — It generally follows some severe constitutional 
disease, such as scarlet fever or typhoid fever, dysentery, or bad 
surroundings where the child has gradually become enfeebled. 
The child has become so weak, the blood so unhealthy, the circu- 
lation so poor, and nutrition lacking to such an extent that the 
part dies. Bad hygiene is believed to be the real underlying 
cause of this disease. 

Symptoms. — About the first symptom may be one or more 
vesicles or blisters, which gradually turn dark. There is great 
swelling, but very little or no pain because the part is dead. 
The glands of the neck also become greatly swollen, and the cheek 
outside turns purplish over the diseased spot within, the skin 
blistering and peeling off. The gangrene spreads rapidly and 
affects the gums, teeth and jaw, the odor being very offensive. 
The disease runs a rapid course and usually ends fatally in from 
four to eight days. The immediate cause of death is blood 
poisoning from absorption of the products of the dead tissue. 
When recovery follows, there is more or less deformity by reason 
of the great destruction of tissue resulting from inflammation. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 45; 

Treatment. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Early and thorough 
removal of the dead tissue is of the first importance, and this can 
be accomplished only by a physician. In the meantime place the 
child in a well-ventilated room where he can have an abundance 
of fresh air, give an active cathartic, as 2 teaspoonfuls of Castor 
Oil, or Laxol (see Index), and wash the mouth thoroughly with 
a disinfectant — probably the disinfectant most likely to be at hand 
would be Carbolic Acid. Put 10 drops of Carbolic Acid into x / 2 
pint of water and wash the mouth thoroughly every thirty 
minutes, making the solution fresh each time. Formaldehyde is 
another disinfectant, 1 drachm of which may be used to 8 ounces 
of water. 

A better disinfectant, and one that ought to be used, 
especially if there is going to be any delay in getting the doctor, 
is the following: 

Chlorate of Potash 1 drachm. 

Muriatic Acid, pure iyi " 

Mix together and add 

Tincture of Chloride of Iron 2 drachms. 

Water, enough to make 4 ounces. 

Make a swab out of soft cloth or a small 
piece of cotton, and apply this directly to the 
diseased spot every hour. 

The value of this antiseptic is found in the large amount of 
free Chlorine which it contains. It is well known that Chlorine 
is a most powerful disinfectant. 

MUMPS.— (See Department I). 

NIGHT TERROR— NIGHTMARE. — Night Terror is 
the name given to a condition which usually affects children, 
producing bad dreams. The child awakes in a fright with a feel- 
ing of distress or suffocation. During sleep he is attended with 
hideous dreams and often with inability to move, although he 
may be conscious, or partly so. 

Cause. — In most cases the cause is the result of a too hearty 
supper followed by indigestion. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms are restlessness during sleep, and 
perhaps awaking in a state of fright or with a decided feeling of 
fear. 

Treatments. — 

A. These cases can always be controlled by attention to diet 
— eating light suppers, eating slowly and thoroughly masticating 
the food — and by keeping the bowels regular. 



458 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

B. Keep the stomach and liver in good condition and there 
will never be any trouble of this kind. — (30). 

PARALYSIS, INFANTILE.— This form of paralysis 
usually occurs between the ages of three months and three or 
four years. 

Cause. — This is a disease of the spinal cord. It should be 
remembered that the spinal cord is composed of large nerve cells 
and nerve fibers. The fibers are merely drawn-out processes of 
the cells. The cells are grey in color, while the fibers are light. 
The fibers are located on the surface, and surrounding all is a 
membrane which is continuous from that which covers the brain. 
The grey cells are situated in the center of the cord, and their 
outer surface is angular in form. If the cord should be cut in 
two and the reader should look down on the cut end, the grey 
matter, or cells, would be seen to form a cross somewhat like the 
letter (< X." In Infantile Paralysis the anterior projections of the 
grey cells are the ones first diseased, i. e. } the parts of the letter 
1 ' X " which point forward. First there is congestion, followed by 
inflammation, circulation and nutrition are lessened and, if the 
disease continues, the part of the cord mentioned dies and degen- 
erates. Following the destruction of the cells, their prolonga- 
tions, the nerve fibers, are also destroyed because their source of 
supply is cut off, just the same as a tree would die if the roots 
were cut off. It is plainly evident that the cause of this disease 
is primarily a lack of nutrition. This means dyspepsia and an 
unhealthy condition of the digestive tract. Following this con- 
dition the blood would contain many irritants and, if continued, 
the irritation would produce inflammation. This is the same 
condition that causes paralysis in adults. The reason that it 
occurs so suddenly in the infant or small child is because the 
child's powers of resistance are comparatively weak. 

Why does this condition produce paralysis in one child and 
tubercular meningitis or some other disease in another ? Because 
of their different powers to resist. The same is true in the adult. 
In some one organ or tissue is stronger and more resistant, and in 
others some other organ or tissue is stronger and more resistant. 

Symptoms. — First there is some fever, the appetite is poor, 
and there are all other symptoms that would indicate an 
unhealthy condition of the digestive tract. In a few days there 
is some improvement in this respect, and then it is discovered that 
paralysis exists. Paralysis may affect any one, any two, or all of 
the extremities. The paralyzed limb feels cold, its color is not 
natural but somewhat dark, or dark blue, showing poor circula- 
tion, and gradually there is a wasting of the muscles, due to the 
fact that the nerve supply has been destroyed. 



DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 459 

Treatments. — 

A. First clear the digestive tract with a dose of Castor Oil, 
or I^axol (see Index). Give from 1 to 3 grains of Salol four times 
a day, according to age. Give from 3 to 10 drops of Syrup of 
Hydriodic Acid three times a day between meals. Nourishing 
food, fresh air, sunshine, free elimination and antiseptics for the 
digestive tract are points to be remembered in the treatment of 
this disease. 

B. Take a small handful each of Witch Hazel bark, Wild 
Cherry bark and Skunk Cabbage, put into an iron kettle and 
cover with a quart of water. Boil until the strength is extracted, 
strain, and boil down to one pint. Sweeten this decoction and 
give a teaspoonful dose three to five times a day. 

There is Another Form of Paralysis in which there is a 
shrinkage of some of the muscles and enlargement of others, 
with partial paralysis of all; or this condition may follow Infantile 
Paralysis. 

Cause. — Those already given. 

Symptoms. — The child does not begin to walk until quite 
late, and then with much difficulty. Walking causes pain, the 
gait is unsteady, and the child cannot lie down nor get up. The 
muscles of the chest become shrunken, and this interferes with 
respiration. The unequal size of the muscles gives them a knotted 
appearance. L,ater there is an increase in the curvature of the 
spine. This disease lasts several years and usually ends fatally. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment is the same as for Infantile Pa?alysis. Good 
food and proper hygienic surroundings constitute the basis. 
Recovery is doubtful. Paralysis of infants ana small children is 
always a grave condition. 

Paralysis of the Face. — This sometimes results from injury 
done by forceps at the time of delivery. These cases usually 
recover in a few days. Paralysis of one or more of the individual 
muscles about the neck and back sometimes occurs. This form 
is also usually recovered from. 

PHIMOSIS. — Phimosis is a long prepuce or foreskin, rend- 
ering retraction of the skin difficult or impossible. It is usually 
congenital, that is, exists from birth. It may result from 
inflammation. 

Symptoms. — Phimosis causes retention of the sebaceous 
matter which is usually produced, and this may cause irritation 
and inflammation. As the result of inflammation the prepuce 
may grow fast to the glands. Great irritability of the bladder 
may be caused, also incontinence or inability to retain the urine, 



460 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

or in some cases inability to retain the faeces. Disturbance of 
sight, loss of sleep and great nervousness may result. Nervous 
symptoms may be so varied that it would be difficult to enumerate 
all. 

Treatment. — 

Some physicians dilate the foreskin, thoroughly cleanse the 
surface, and instruct this to be done several times a week, 
keeping the parts thoroughly clean. The majority, however, 
advise circumcision. 

SPASMS. — Nearly all cases of spasms or convulsions in 
children are the result of undigested food in the stomach. There 
is also usually an unhealthy condition of the digestive tract. 
Following such an experience greater attention should be paid 
to diet. See also Convulsions in Department I. 

Treatments. — 

What to Do.- — Give an emetic and place the child in a tub of 

warm water to which I or 2 tablespoonfuls of Mustard have 

been added. After the emetic operates and the spasm has been 

relieved, give a dose of Castor Oil or Iyaxol (see Index), wrap 

in a small woolen blanket and put to bed. If the child has a 

high fever, wrap in a wet blanket; if fever is not high, a dry 

blanket will do. 

Note. — If hot water is not at hand, give the emetic, and as soon as it 
operates, follow with the cathartic. The results will be the same although a 
little longer time may be required. 

A. Immerse the child in a tub of water as hot as can be 
borne until improvement, then wrap in a blanket and put to bed. 
An emetic, cathartic or both are usually needed. 

The inhalation of Chloroform dropped on a napkin will 
often stop the spasm, but does not remove the cause. — (20). 

B. Strip the child and put into a warm bath, and let it 
remain in the water about ten minutes. 

Also give Belladonna, third dilution — i-drop doses, in liquid 
or pill form, every thirty minutes till spasm is controlled. — (56). 
— Homeopathic. 

STOMACH AND BOWEL DIFFICULTIES OF 
CHILDREN. — The following remedy will be found to meet the 
requirements in more cases of bowel derangement of children 
than any other preparation: 

Carbonate of Soda 1 drachm. 

Wine of Ipecac 1 M 

Fluid Hydrastus 6 " 

Syrup of Rhubarb, add to 4 ounces. 

Mix. Dose. — From a few drops to I tea- 
spoonful, according to age. 



DISBASBS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 461 

TONGUE-TIE. — Where the frenum of the tongue is 
too short, snip carefully with a pair of scissors, cutting away 
from the base of the tongue and towards the under jaw. If 
done by a physician, there is neither pain nor danger. 

WORMS, ROUND.— These are the most common worm 
found in the digestive tract. They vary greatly in size and 
length. The average diameter is from -J to -J- of an inch. In 
length they vary from 2 to 20 inches, but the average is 6 inches. 
They reproduce rapidly. The female is said to contain several 
million eggs. 

Cause. — Taking the egg or the worm in minute size into the 
stomach with food or drink. There are a great army of para- 
sites, including worms, which are constantly being taken into 
the system, but usually they are destroyed by the digestive 
fluids. 

Symptoms. — Often there are no symptoms, even when the 
worms are present in large numbers. When symptoms are 
present, they are irritation in the stomach and bowels, occasional 
pains, and sometimes loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. 
There may be diarrhea. Light color about the mouth, red spots 
on the cheek, picking the nose and disturbance of sleep are 
thought by many to be positive signs of worms. This is not 
true, however, because any and all of these symptoms might 
and often do result from other causes. The only positive 
symptom is the elimination of worms. 

Treatments. — 

A. Santonine is the great remedy for worms, and is used more 
or less in nearly all worm remedies. Allow the child only a 
light supper, and give 1 or 2 grains of Santonine with an equal 
amount of Calomel. Next morning give a dose of Castor Oil or 
L,axol (see Index). If there are no results, repeat the treat- 
ment the next night. If no worms are present in the elimina- 
tions, it will be satisfactory proof that they do not inhabit the 
intestines of the child. 

B. Santonine — 1 to 3 grains — followed by a large dose of 
Castor Oil — 2 teaspoonfuls, more or less according to age. — (29). 

C. Santonine 1 grain. 

Calomel 1 " 

Soda Bicarbonate (baking soda)... 20 " 

Mix intimately and divide into 10 powders. 
Take 1 powder every hour until the 10 are 
taken, and follow with a dose of Castor Oil, 



462 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

D. Santonine 4j£ grains. 

Calomel 4j£ " 

Milk Sugar 6 

Oil of Anise I drop. 

Mix, divide into 4 powders, and take 1 at 
bedtime every third night. — (59). 

E. Get five cents worth of Pink root and Senna leaves, steep 
to make a tea, sweeten with a little sugar or Glycerine, and 
drink freely during the morning. If the results are not satis- 
factory, repeat. 

F. Tablets of the following: 

Santonine )/ 2 grain. 

Calomel yi 

Take 1 tablet at bedtime, and follow in the morning with a 
dose of Senna tea before breakfast. One tablet is not too large a 
dose for a child of two years, and is sufficient up to ten or twelve 

years.— (31). 

WORMS, THREAD or SEAT.— In appearance these 
look like small pieces of white thread. They inhabit the lower 
part of the bowel and lower rectum. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms of thread or seat worms are 
intense itching, and also their presence in the eliminations. 

Treatment . — 

The treatment is the same as for Round Worms. Also 
make a strong solution of Quassia in water and inject into the 
rectum once or twice a day. Quassia comes in chips. Put a 
few of these chips, or small pieces, into a tumbler of water and 
let stand over night. In the morning inject 1 or 2 tablespoon - 
fuls of the solution. The injection does not want to be carried 
high, but allowed to remain in the lower part of the tract. 
Follow in thirty minutes with an injection of water only — a 
sufficient amount to cause the bowels to move, or at least to wash 
out the lower part of the tract occupied by the previous injection. 
Or a solution of Quinine may be used. This is prepared by 
dissolving 5 grains of Quinine in y 2 teaspoonful of Alcohol; 
add 2 tablespoonfuls of water and use as directed for Quassia. 
Or, add 20 grains of Carbolic Acid to 1 ounce of Vaseline, and 
apply by introducing into the lower part of the tract. 



Department SIS 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 



The importance of a knowledge as to what to do immediately 
to prevent serious consequences from accidents and injuries, is 
now everywhere recognized. Keep cool, try to grasp the situa- 
tion, and act promptly. Where doubt exists as to the proper 
thing to do, it is best to do nothing but make the patient as 
comfortable as possible. 

Life often depends upon first treatment. A study of the 
suggestions given here will enable any intelligent person to 
determine what to do until the physician arrives. 

BANDAGES. 

Bandages are usually made from strips of soft cotton. They 
vary in width, and are rolled lengthwise, hence are sometimes 
called "roller" bandages. They are used for dressing fractures, 
wounds, etc. Their principal use is to hold dressings in place on 
an injured surface, but more especially to retain in position the 
ends of a fractured bone. 

To render their application more convenient and secure, 
bandages are sometimes split for some distance from each end, 
making four strips. In the application of this form of bandage 
the ends may be wrapped in opposite directions around the limb, 
or part, and fastened; or the end of a roller bandage may be split 
after it is applied, and the two ends passed in different directions 
around the limb and secured. This is very convenient when 
pins or needle and thread are wanting. In applying a bandage to 
a limb, always elevate the limb and commence the application at the 
extremity i as the hand or foot, and wind toward the body. This 
will lessen the amount of blood in the part and prevent swelling. 

In many cases bandages cannot be successfully applied 
except by one accustomed to their use. However, in emergency 
cases any one can apply a bandage to stop the flow of blood, or to 
prevent the grating of broken ends of bones, and this makes the 
patient more comfortable until the doctor can arrive. 

SPUNTS. 

In case of a broken bone, if it is necessary to move the 
patient some distance, some form of splint should be applied, and 

463 



464 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

an improvised bandage of some kind used to hold the splint in 
position. As stated under Fractures, splints may be made out 
of narrow, light strips of boards, pieces of shingles, small sticks, 
wisps of hay or grass, etc. 

ASPHYXIA, or SUFFOCATION FROM GAS.— This 

condition not infrequently occurs. The results, of course, depend 
upon the amount of gas inhaled. The victim is often found in 
an unconscious condition. The heart is weak, the pulse is feeble, 
respiration is shallow and the surface is cold. 

Treatment. — 

Fresh air is of the greatest importance in all cases of this 
kind. Stimulants and artificial heat — something to increase the 
vitality and physical power — are also needed. In some cases 
there is frequent and persistent vomiting, so that remedies 
given by the stomach may prove not only unsatisfactory, but 
very uncertain. Artificial heat, however, may be applied with 
benefit. Artificial respiration may also be needed, and may be 
applied the same as directed under Drowning. A rectal injec- 
tion of one quart of water as hot as can be borne is of benefit. If 
the condition of the stomach will tolerate, give hot drinks and 
stimulants. Remedies can be given with a hypodermic needle, 
but this part of the treatment falls upon the doctor. However, 
if a doctor is some distance away, the foregoing suggestions may 
not only revive the patient, but place him out of danger before the 
doctor arrives. 

BLEEDING FROM INJURY.— Hemorrhage is one of 
the most serious accidents that can occur. It is always a danger- 
ous and troublesome complication for the doctor, and as the 
sudden loss of a large amount of blood is liable to cause death, 
every one should have some knowledge of the most efficient 
means to prevent it. Hemorrhages may come from arteries, 
veins, from a cut or torn surface, from the nose, stomach or 
lungs. 

The controlling of hemorrhage may be largely aided by 
having the patient lie down and remain quiet, allowing the head 
and shoulders to rest a little lower than the feet and the rest of 
the body. In hemorrhage from a limb, keep the limb elevated. 
In all cases of severe accident or hemorrhage a doctor should be 
sent for at once. 

Bleeding from an Artery. — Hemorrhage from a large artery 
is always dangerous, and may be recognized by its bright red 
color and by its coming in spurts, although the flow does not 
entirely cease at any time. When arteries are cut or torn, they 





~""tg^ 





2 



'ACCIDENTS AND BMBRGBNCIBS. 465 

retract within the sheath which surrounds them, and this allows 
greater opportunity for the blood to clot in the surrounding 
tissues. The inner and middle coats also contract, and this aids 
in forming a clot within the vessel itself. This contraction and 
clotting is of little importance when large vessels are wounded. 
When an artery is cut or torn, immediate pressure should be 
made with the hands. If occurring in the arm above the elbow, 
pressure should be made a little to the inner side of the front of 
the arm along the inner border of the biceps muscle. This is the 
line of the large artery which supplies the arm and hand. If 
hemorrhage occurs below the elbow, pressure may be made along 
the same line, or directly in front of the arm in the center of the 
elbow. When hemorrhage occurs in the leg, if high up, it may 
be controlled by making deep pressure in the center of the groin. 
This will compress the large artery which supplies the leg. The 
artery extends from that point downward toward the inner side 
of the knee. Pressure may be made along this line. As it 
extends down the leg this large artery gradually winds backward, 
and at the knee joint is directly in the center of the back of the leg. 
This point, or just above the knee, is the best place for checking 
hemorrhage that may occur lower down in the leg or in the foot, 
because at the knee joint the artery divides into two large branches. 
Pressure is most satisfactorily controlled by tying a handkerchief 
or some cloth about the limb, bringing the knot over the line of the 
artery and twisting the bandage with a stick. This is the only 
way in which success may be attained from the groin to the knee, 
because the layers of muscles are so thick and the artery is placed 
so deep that ordinary pressure with the hands would be of little 
or no benefit. 

Recommended Treatments. — 

A. Perfect quiet, with constriction of the part by means of 
a rubber band or cord. — (7). 

B. Tie limb between body and injury and twist the ligature 
until hemorrhage is checked. If about body, apply compress 
soaked in Turpentine, and bandage firmly until skilled assistance 
arrives. — (60). 

C. Make out of cloth a pad larger than wound, place over 
wound, tie in place with handkerchief or strap, and with a stick 
twist till bleeding stops. Where no pad is handy, place knot of 
handkerchief over wound instead. 

Bleeding from the Nose.— Hemorrhage from the nose in 
the great majority of cases is not dangerous, and quite serious 
cases may be controlled by plugging the nose with cotton or a 
soft cloth, In the more serious forms, however, this will not 

30 



4 66 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

control the trouble. The very best means to control serious 
hemorrhage from the nose is by giving T -J~g- of a grain of Atropine. 
Repeat the dose in thirty minutes, and after that give once an 
hour. Whenever the face becomes flushed and the skin red, or 
should the pupil of the eye become widely dilated, this remedy 
should be stopped. We have treated several cases of severe 
hemorrhage from the nose and have never failed to control the 
trouble with Atropine. In some cases we have used Glonoin and 
Atropine together, giving T $- 7 of a grain of Glonoin with each 
dose of Atropine. 

Recommended Treatments. — 

A. Peroxide of Hydrogen i ounce. 

Water I 

Mix. Put in an atomizer and spray the 
nose, or snuff up the nose from the hand. — (48). 

B. From whatever cause this occurs, it may generally be 
stopped by putting a plug of lint into the nostrils. If this fails, 
apply a cold bandage to forehead, raise the head and clasp the 
hands underneath, so that the head will rest on both hands; 
moisten the plug slightly and again apply. Or you can try the 
simple remedies of snuffing salt and water or vinegar up the 
nostrils. 

C. Wear a bright silk ribbon ^ inch wide around the neck. 
The nose will never bleed so long as it is worn there. 

I have prescribed this for thirty years, and it has never failed 
to prevent nosebleed. — (30). 

D. Antipyrin 10 grains. 

Water 1 ounce. 

Make a solution and apply with a piece of cotton to bleeding 
surface. If case is chronic, use internally Fluid Extract of 
Ergot in 10-drop doses, diluted in a little water, every 3 hours. 

-(23). 

E. Take a piece of fat hog bacon just the size of the nostril, 
push it as far back as it can be pushed and let the patient hold a 
lump of ice in his mouth. The piece of bacon must be salty and 
three inches long. Have never known it to fail. — (20). 

F. Elevate arms over head until hands meet and hold them 
there. Head must be elevated. Do not stoop over. Cold to 
bridge of nose and cold to upper part of spine. — (35). 

Bleeding from Small Cuts or injuries may be stopped by 
cold water or ice, or pressure, until clot has had time to form. 
Or a bandage applied and kept wet with distilled Witch Hazel is 
excellent, 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 467 

Bleeding from the Teeth arising from extraction: Cut a 
piece of clean, dry sponge, cone-shaped; compress tightly and 
put into cavity left by tooth. 

Bleeding from the Lungs. — (See under Hemorrhage in 
Department I). 

Bleeding from the Stomach. — (See under Hemorrhage 
in Department I). 

Bleeding from the Bowels. — (See under Hemorrhage in 
Department I). 

BLOWS over heart or lungs, or any important organ, are 
serious. Where patient has fainted, administer brandy frequently 
in small doses; rub spine with liniment. 

BONES, BROKEN.— (See Fractures). 

BRUISE. — An injury to the flesh caused by violent contact 
with a hard surface, as from a blow. 
Treatments. — 

A. If a severe bruise, as from the blow of a hammer or a 

horse stepping on the foot, as soon as possible put the bruised 

part into cold water, notwithstanding it will cause an increase of 

pain. Keep it in the water for five or ten minutes, then 

take it out, dry, and put on freely any mild liniment for the 

same length of time. After a few minutes place it again in 

the water and repeat the application of liniment. The same 

treatment may be repeated three or four times during the first 

day; afterwards apply the liniment only. If the bruise is large 

and upon such parts as cannot be put into cold water, let cloths 

be wrung out of cold water and laid upon it, and from time to 

time apply freely a mild liniment. 

Note. — The object of applying the cold is to contract the small vessels 
and prevent inflammation. 

B. Cold water applied constantly. — (6). 

C. Dissolve a teaspoonful of Sugar of I^ead in a quart of 

distilled Witch Hazel and keep the bruised part wet with it. — (4). 

Note,— The advantage of applying Sugar of Lead and Witch Hazel 
lies in the fact that both are astringent, hence tend to contract the small 
vessels the same as the application of cold water, and perhaps to a greater 
extent. 

D. If the injury has resulted in breaking the skin and causing 

an open wound. — Steep Wormwood, wet cloths with the solution 

and lay over the bruised part; or apply the following ointment: 

Vaseline 1 ounce. 

Subnitrate of Bismuth 1 scruple. 

Carbolic Acid 10 drops. 

Mix well and rub over the bruise twice a 
day. 



468 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

BURNS AND SCALDS.— The danger arising from burns 
will depend much upon the extent of the surface burned and the 
depth of the injury — if very extensive and deep, the patient may 
never rally ; or if flame to any considerable extent has been 
drawn into the lungs, the probability is that the person cannot 
be saved. The teaching is that where a burn covers one-third of 
the surface, death is almost sure to follow. 

The great danger from large burns is blood poisoning. All 
the tissues destroyed soon commence to decompose and many 
poisons are produced. These poisons are rapidly absorbed into 
the circulation, and this produces a condition of blood poisoning 
that may result fatally. 

Treatments. — 

What To Do. — In the case of a severe burn or scald, if nothing 
else is at hand, apply cold water immediately and but little 
inflammation will follow. In the case of a child being burned at 
the table by spilling a cup of hot tea or coffee, do not wait to 
remove his clothing, but dash cold water on at once. This will 
prevent the hot clothing from burning deeper and protect the skin 
at the 'same time. Lift the clothing and pour on more water, then 
remove the clothing and apply cold water by wetting cloths and 
laying over the surface. The cloths applied must be kept wet 
without removing them. Cold milk is better than cold water, 
because it is thicker and offers better protection. 

To secure benefit from this treatment it must be applied 
almost immediately — quickly enough to arrest the heat before 
the skin has been destroyed. Otherwise it will not be so valua- 
ble as Lime Water and Linseed Oil, baking Soda and other 
recommended treatments. 

A. For pain following burns and scalds nothing gives 
greater relief than the application of cold sweet milk. This may 
be applied on a cloth frequently changed, or, when possible, by 
immersing the injured surface in a vessel containing the milk. 
The application should be continued until there is freedom from 
pain, and followed by dressings of some mild, soothing anti- 
septic. — (i). 

B. If burn is severe, cover surface with dry baking Soda 
and bind lightly with a soft cloth. 

C. Use equal parts of Lime Water and Linseed Oil. Apply 
by saturating small pieces of cloth and laying over the burn. 
Keep cloths wet by pouring on the solution. Do not take 
dressing off every day. If blisters form, open at base so as to let 
the fluid out. Do not make a large opening. After heat is out 
dry Boracic Acid makes a good application. — (53). 



ACCIDENTS AND BMBRGBNCIES. 469 

Note. — We have stated before that the smarting and burning were 
caused by the destruction of the outer layer of the skin and exposure of the 
deeper layer. The benefit derived from L,ime Water and Linseed Oil is pro- 
duced as follows : The lime contained in Lime Water has a soothing effect 
upon the deeper tissues, while the oil acts as a covering and excludes the 
air. 

D. Apply distilled Witch Hazel every few minutes. This 
will stop all smarting, even in the case of a burn from hot grease. 

E. Common washing Soda or cooking Soda, 3 tablespoon- 
fuls to a pint of water. Apply freely. — (7). 

F. If clothes stick to the flesh, do not tear them off, but flood 
the part with Olive Oil ; where clothes do not stick, apply cloths 
saturated with strong solution of baking Soda. 

G. Apply white of eggs. 

H. Lay on cloths wet in Olive Oil and Laudanum. Cloths 
wet in Lime Water are also good. To heal burns, apply an oint- 
ment made as follows: 

Vaseline 1 ounce. 

Oxide of Zinc 1 drachm. 

Mix thoroughly with caseknife, spread on 
linen cloths and place over them. 

I. In case of scalds, exclude the air at once with Soda and 
Flour, covering the parts and keeping them covered. — (33). 

CHOKING. — (See Foreign Bodies in Larynx, also 
Foreign Bodies in (Esophagus). 

COLLAPSE. — Collapse is an extreme and sudden prostra- 
tion of the vital forces. 

Symptoms. — Loss of consciousness, usually sudden, and 
complete relaxation of the system. Breathing may be deep or 
shallow. The pulse may be slow, full and strong, or rapid, 
small and weak. The pupils may be dilated or contracted, and 
the face may be flushed or pale. 

Causes. — These variations are produced by the various effects 
on the brain, and may result from an excessive use of intoxica- 
ting liquors, from opium, concussion, fractures of the skull, 
apoplexy, ursemic poisoning, etc. If a man is found in an 
unconscious condition, a distinction should be made if possible. 
The most frequent causes are severe accidents or following 
operations. 

Treatments.— 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — The treatment of these 
conditions consists of stimulants to overcome the weakened 
condition of the heart and lowered vitality of the patient. The 



470 PA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

sluggish circulation must be aroused. Drugs for this purpose, 
such as Digitalis, Strychnine, Glonoin, etc., would have to be 
administered by a physician, but if he is delayed in coming, and 
especially if he is some distance away, the following suggestions 
carried out may place the patient out of danger before he arrives. 

First place the patient in a comfortable position and give an 
abundance of fresh air. Apply artificial heat externally. Bottles 
or jugs filled with boiling water should be placed around him, 
and an abundance of covering should be used. This aids in 
bringing the blood to the surface and improves the circulation. 
Also inject into the rectum a pint of strong coffee as hot as can 
be borne. The foot of the bed should be raised so that the head 
and shoulders are lower than the hips. If the patient can 
swallow, give hot drinks. 

If the patient could be placed in a warm bath and the 
temperature gradually raised until the water was quite hot, it 
would relieve the necessity of much of the foregoing treatment. 

A. In almost all cases of collapse the surface is cold, the 
circulation is feeble and respiration is weak, and the treatment, 
almost without exception, is stimulants and artificial heat. 
In a state of collapse the patient may not always be able 
to swallow, but artificial heat can be applied with advantage in 
every case where the surface is cold. In collapse from sunstroke 
(see Sunstroke), the treatment is radically different. 

B. Apply Ammonia to nostrils on a handkerchief, so it will 
not be poured into nose by accident. Give a little brandy sling 
and apply artificial heat. As improvement occurs, give cup of 
hot beef tea or hot milk. — (14). 

C. Keep patient perfectly quiet. Apply warm flannel to 
extremities. If patient can swallow, give strong coffee. 

If due to hemorrhage, keep head low and stop flow of blood. 

-(13). 

Collapse may Occur from Various Causes, a number of 
which are enumerated below. It should be remembered that the 
symptoms of the various conditions are similar, and it is often 
extremely difficult to differentiate. However, in most cases the 
previous history of the patient will aid materially in clearing up 
the doubt. 

From Injury, or Intoxication. — Examine carefully for any 
injury. Alcohol is noticeable in the breath, yet a man may be 
stricken with apoplexy while drunk, or may fracture the skull 
by falling while under the influence of opium or alcohol. 
Again, one drink may give the smell of alcohol, but one drink 
will not produce collapse; so the smell of alcohol is uncertain. 
If it is alcoholic stupor, steady and firm pressure against the 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 471 

arched surface just beneath the eyebrows, to the nasal side 
(towards the nose) of the center, will arouse temporary 
consciousness. 

From Epilepsy, or Uraemia. — In coma following epilepsy, 
the temperature is normal and the patient can be aroused. In 
uraemic poisoning, the temperature is below normal at first, and 
there are usually convulsions, dropsy and albuminaria. Examine 
the urine if the conveniences are at hand. In uraemic stupor the 
breathing is sharp and the pupils dilated. See Epilepsy or 
Uremia. 

From Apoplexy. — The breathing is slow and noisy, pulse 
strong and slow, face flushed, the arteries of the neck are throb- 
bing, the pupils are uninfluenced by light, the paralyzed cheek is 
drawn to one side, and is usually drawn in and puffed out with 
each breath, and the temperature, which is at first below normal, 
rises later on. See treatment for Apoplexy. 

From Opium. — The pupils are contracted to a pin point, 
breathing is shallow, there is no paralysis, and unconsciousness 
comes on gradually. If enough opium has been taken to produce 
unconsciousness, it is an indication of opium poisoning. See 
treatment under Poisons, Antidotes and Treatments. It is 
sometimes impossible to distinguish between opium poisoning and 
apoplexy. 

From Concussion of the Brain. — There is complete 
muscular relaxation, the skin is pale and cold, the pulse quick 
and small, breathing is shallow and the temperature is below 
normal. Concussion sufficient to produce unconsciousness may 
be looked upon as serious as there is always liable to be more or 
less laceration of the brain substance. See treatment for 
Concussion of the Brain. 

From Compression of the Brain, as from a fractured skull, 
there is unconsciousness. The skin is hot, the breathing slow 
and noisy, both cheeks may be drawn in and puffed out with each 
respiration, the pulse is slow and full, and the pupils are dilated 
and do not respond to light. 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Place the patient in a 
comfortable position. If it is very hot, place him in the shade; 
if it is cold, place where warm. Send for a doctor. While 
waiting, hold Ammonia to the nose occasionally, bathe the face 
with a little Whiskey or Alcohol in water, and, if he can swallow, 
give hot drinks — sling, or something of the kind. 

From Hemorrhage. — In all cases maintain absolute quiet. 
If from an extremity, as a leg or arm, keep the limb elevated and 
proceed as directed under Bleeding from Injury; if the 
hemorrhage is from the body, stop the flow of blood by making 



472 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

pressure with a handkerchief or other soft cloth. If the patient 
grows weak, give stimulants, as hot Whisky sling; or even hot 
water will improve the strength and vitality. 

If the case is desperate, as following the loss of a large 
amount of blood, the doctor may give an injection of salt solution 
in the following manner: 

Add % teaspoonful of common salt to i pint of warm water. 
Place in a fountain syringe, attach a long hollow needle to the 
tube of the syringe, lift up the skin from the abdominal cavity, 
insert the needle and allow the salt solution to penetrate the 
tissues. The needle may be partially withdrawn occasionally 
and inserted in another direction. In this way more of the fluid 
can be used. In female patients the breast is the most successful 
place to inject the salt solution. This injection increases the 
blood pressure, and this calls for increased heart action; in a 
word, it is a heart stimulant. This is especially valuable where 
there has been much hemorrhage, as the salt solution takes the 
place of the blood that has been lost. It is well known that 
following severe hemorrhage the heart action can be temporarily 
maintained on a normal salt solution. Nature will not maintain 
her forces without a purpose. If a large amount of blood has 
been lost, the heart action is correspondingly weakened because 
there is little work for it to do. If the normal amount of fluid 
can be replaced, the heart action immediately improves to meet 
the extra demands made upon it, and for a time the artificial fluid 
injected is successful in maintaining vitality. More than i pint 
of salt solution can be injected. 

CONTUSIONS. — A contusion means a bruise. See 
Bruisks. 

CRUSHED LIMBS.— What to Do till the Doctor Conies.— 
Fingers and Toes should be carefully modeled into shape, laid on 
a small splint, and dressed with soft white cloth soaked in cold or 
hot water. 

Hands and Feet. — Wrap in something soft and warm. Use 
cold only when bleeding is profuse. I^ay the patient down and 
keep the injured member elevated. This is especially important 
if there is much bleeding. If there is no hemorrhage, keeping it 
elevated will tend to prevent swelling. 

Arms and Legs. — Treat as for hands or feet. Do not remove 
clothing except to cut away, and replace by warm covering. 

DISLOCATIONS. — Dislocation is abnormal displacement 
of one bone with another. It may be partial or complete. Dis- 
locations are generally the result of accident, but may result 
from disease where the ligaments and other structures are relaxed 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 473 

or destroyed. Where the skin remains unbroken, it is called 
Simple Dislocation; where the tissues are injured and the wound 
reaches the surface and breaks through the skin, it is called Com- 
pound Dislocation; when besides the dislocation there is fracture 
of a bone and rupture of an important artery, it is termed Com- 
plicated Dislocation. Dislocations are rare in infancy and in old 
age, because in infancy the bones are very flexible and yield to 
violence, and in old age they are more brittle and fracture easily. 
A dislocation may be mistaken for a fracture (see Fractures). 
Dislocations of the ankle or knee may be forward, backward, 
inward or outward. Dislocations of the hip may be upward and 
downward, upward and forward or upward and backward. Dis- 
locations of the elbow may include both bones of the fore- arm, or 
only one bone. The under iaw can only be displaced forward. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment for dislocation of the under jaw is to place the 
patient's head against the back of a chair, wrap your thumbs 
with a clean handkerchief or soft cloth, stand in front of him, 
place your thumbs on the lower double teeth, press quickly and 
firmly downward and backward, and at the same time raise his 
chin. This is usually effectual. 

In dislocation of the thumb or a finger, make a loop of soft 
cloth and pass over it. Pull in the same line as the thumb, or 
finger. The sensation as well as the sound will indicate when 
the bone has been replaced; also the natural appearance of the 
joint will indicate that the dislocation has been overcome. 

Dislocations of other joints always require the services of a 
doctor, hence will be spoken of only in a general way. They 
generally require extension by force until the contraction of the 
muscles are overcome, when the bone may be replaced in its 
proper position. While waiting for the doctor, make the patient 
as comfortable as possible, as directed under Fractures. 

DROWNING— Treatments — 

A. Loosen clothing, if any; wipe dry; wedge mouth open 
and keep open. Empty the body of water by laying it on its 
stomach and lifting by the middle, so that the head hangs down; 
also jerk the body a few times, and continue this treatment as 
long as water flows from the mouth. After water has been got 
rid of, turn patient on back, placing him on level ground, and 
keep mouth wedged as before. Now place the left forefinger 
on tongue to keep it in place, and with right hand press upon the 
abdomen, making the pressure toward the back and head of 
patient; press gently at first, but increase the pressure until as 
much air as possible has been forced out of the chest, and then 



474 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

withdraw the hand so that the lungs may fill. Repeat these 
movements, at first making them eight or ten times a minute, then 
increasing to twelve or fifteen a minute. This is Satterthwaite's 
method. Where there are several persons to assist, Sylvester's 
method may be used in addition. The arms should be pressed 
upon the chest at the same time that the abdomen is pressed upon, 
and when the hand is withdrawn from the abdomen the arms 
should be brought up by the side of the head. Do not give up. 
People have been saved after hours of patient effort. When 
breathing begins, wrap patient warmly, rub limbs and body 
briskly, and give warm drink, or brandy in small doses at first — 
teaspoonful at a time. 

B. If a barrel, keg or anything of that kind is at hand, lay 
the person on it, face downward, and roll him forwards and back- 
wards, keeping the head low to force out the water. If nothing 
of that kind is at hand, take him by the heels and hold him up, 
and give the body several light jerks. After the water is all out 
of the lungs, place the patient on his back and work the arms 
up by the side of the body, above the head and down again as if 
you were working a pump. When the arms are brought down, 
press the hands firmly against the chest to expel the air; when 
the arms are raised, the lungs are allowed to fill. Keep the 
patient in a horizontal position and repeat the movements reg- 
ularly and slowly — fifteen to eighteen times a minute. After he 
has rallied and is breathing, give a little hot Brandy sling, if he 
is able to swallow it. Also apply artificial heat, as this will bring 
the blood to the surface and aid in improving the circulation. 

C. Get patient out of water as soon as possible and turn him 
on face. Stand astride him with your face towards his head. Put 
your hands under middle of body and raise it up so his head will 
be down, so that the water will run out of his lungs. Hold him 
as long as water runs, then let him down and pick him up 
again. Shake him till all the water is out of' the lungs, then 
turn him on his back and go to his head. Seize his arms below 
the elbows, bring them out at right angles with his body and up 
over his head, and back again, working them back and forth in this 
way; and every time they are brought down, press firmly against 
the chest. These movements should be slow and regular. — (13). 

EAR, THINGS IN. — Seeds or grain, sand, a pea, bead, 
small button, and many other articles, may become lodged at the 
inner end of the canal which forms the external ear. In giving 
a description of this canal (see Ear and Its Diseases, Depart- 
ment I) it will be remembered that we stated it is not straight, 
but somewhat curved, and that the inner part extends downward. 
By taking hold of the external ear and lifting it upwards and a 



ACCIDBNTS AND EMERGENCIES. 475 

little backwards, the canal may be partially straightened and its 
termination be brought into view. While holding the ear in this 
position the objects mentioned, or various other articles which 
may have found their way into the canal, may often be grasped 
with a pair of tweezers or forceps and removed. Washing out 
the ear with warm water and a small syringe will often succeed 
in removing foreign bodies. If these means fail, the end of a 
match or toothpick may be covered with wax or a little glue, 
when by carefully pressing against the object it may adhere and 
be drawn out by this means. Sometimes it is necessary to 
secure the services of a doctor. 

EYEBALL, INJURIES TO. — Serious injury always 
requires the services of a doctor at once. Place a cold wet cloth 
over the eye till he comes. There are many slight injuries where 
the eyeball may become only slightly inflamed and a little sore. 
In these cases keep the eye from the light; if necessary, keep it 
bandaged for a few days, or wear colored glasses, and use any of 
the Eye Waters recommended (see Index). If a foreign body 
becomes lodged against the eyeball, see Foreign Bodies in the 
Eye. 

BLACK EYE. — A blow over or near the eye is liable to 
result in discoloration and swelling. For this condition various 
methods of treatment are used. Years ago it was customary to 
apply leeches, and perhaps that practice is still followed by some. 
Others recommend binding on a small piece of raw beefsteak. A 
good application, and one that can be quickly and easily applied, 
is to wet a small piece of cotton or a small piece of soft cloth with 
Listerine and apply over the injured surface, keeping the cloth 
wet with it. 

EYE, THINGS IN.— (See Foreign Bodies in the Eye). 

FAINTING— INSENSIBILITY.— Where patient is par- 
tially conscious, give stimulants. Ammonia or Cologne Water 
may be inhaled. Sprinkle cold water in face, loosen clothing, 
place in recumbent position and introduce fresh air into the room. 
No violent measures should be used to arouse a patient who may 
or may not be insensible. In all cases of apparent insensibility 
the attendants should be careful as to what they say within hear- 
ring, for while the patient can neither speak nor move, he may 
be perfectly conscious of what is passing around him, and the 
effort to speak may do him great injury; or unfavorable remarks 
from bystanders would naturally prove detrimental . 

See also Fainting in Department I. 



476 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

FALLS. — If one has had a severe fall and is wholly or par- 
tially conscious, move as little as possible in case of broken bones. 
Place in comfortable position, loosen clothes carefully and apply 
restoratives. If bones are broken, see Fractures. 

FIRE IN ONE'S CLOTHING.— Don't allow the victim 
out of doors or in draught. Roll him in carpet, rug, coat, 
cloak, quilt, or any convenient wrap. Leave only the head out 
for breathing. Prevent inhaling the flames. 

FOREIGN BODIES— Steel, etc., IN THE EYE.— 

When a small piece of steel, stone or other hard substance strikes 
the eyeball, it may and usually does become so firmly adherent 
that it is removed with difficulty. 

Treatment. — 

The best way to manage these cases is to dissolve from 2 to 
4 grains of Muriate of Cocaine in a drachm of water. Drop a 
little into the eye every two or three minutes until sensibility is 
relieved, and then with a sharp-pointed instrument dislodge the 
foreign body. It may be necessary to turn the lid upward in 
order to expose the cause of the trouble. To relieve the inflam- 
mation and soreness that is occasioned, mix the following: 

Sulphate of Zinc 1 grain. 

Morphine 2 " 

Boric Acid 20 " 

Water 1 ounce. 

Drop this into the eye from four to six times 
a day. 

If there is much swelling and inflammation, the patient 
should remain in the house and keep either hot or cold packs 
over the eye. Dissolve 2 drachms of Boric Acid in 8 ounces of 
water. Saturate a small cloth or piece of cotton, place it over 
the eye and keep it wet with this solution. 

Sometimes a small body may become lodged under the lid 
and it is impossible to discover it. Such cases may often be 
relieved in the following manner: Add a teaspoonful of whole 
clean Flaxseed to 1 ounce of water, stir frequently until a muci- 
lage is formed, raise the eyelid and drop in as much as the eye 
will hold, allowing it to float around under the lid. By reason 
of its density the mucilage in coming in contact with the foreign 
body carries it along with it, and eventually the eye is freed from 
it. Whole Flaxseed is sometimes placed under the lid and the 
result is the same. The seeds are so smooth and oily that they 
cause no friction or irritation, and in coming in contact with the 
foreign body they dislodge it. 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 



477 



As a rule dirt or a cinder may be seen and easily removed 
with a clean silk handkerchief wrapped around the end of a lead 
pencil. Or, close the eye for a few minutes, allow tears to accu- 
mulate, roll the eyeball inward, and blow the nose on that side. 
This is sometimes all that is necessary. 

FOREIGN BODIES IN THE LARYNX. — Foreign 
bodies, such as coins, buttons, small nails, pieces of bone or pieces 
of meat may become lodged in the larynx or windpipe. With chil- 
dren it is more apt to be peas, beans, cherry stones, small corks 
or carpet tacks. This makes little difference, however, as the 
result is the same in all cases. 

Symptoms. — Violent coughing, strangling, and a feeling of 
suffocation with cyanosis, that is, the face becoming blue. If the 
foreign body is large, the struggle is desperate. If not quickly 
dislodged, the symptoms may become less violent, but the suffer- 
ing is great, and unless the body is removed death soon results. 
Sometimes it is possible to locate the body from audible gurgling 
sounds, which correspond to the respiration. Where the body is 
not removed, inflammation followed by redness on the surface 
may point to its exact location. Should the substance be 
carried into the lungs, pneumonia might follow or an abscess 
result. If it was confined to the upper part of the air passage, 
adhesions might form with other surrounding structures; but 
unless the body is removed, death usually occurs before this has 
had time to take place. 

Treatment. — 

First give an active emetic. Ipecac — the powder, syrup or 
fluid extract of — is always safe for this purpose, and especially 
with children. When the patient vomits, the head should be 
placed low. While the treatment may seem a little severe, if 
during vomiting the patient was held by his feet with the head 
down, and given several light jerks, the probabilities of dislodg- 
ing the foreign body would be greatly increased. Inverting the 
patient as described and giving the body several jerks should be 
tried without the emetic, if the latter is not at hand. If these 
means fail, surgical interference will be called for. An opening 
should be made into the trachea, and, if possible, the body 
located and removed, and the wound closed. This operation is 
called tracheotomy. 

FOREIGN BODIES IN THE (ESOPHAGUS.— Coins, 
buttons, chicken bones, and other foreign bodies sometimes find 
their way into this tube, which leads from the throat into the 
stomach. The smallest part of the tube is at the beginning. The 



478 PA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

next smallest diameter is at its junction with the stomach. 
Foreign bodies which get into the oesophagus usually pass into 
the stomach without difficulty. Should they lodge, the symp- 
toms would correspond to the size and shape of the article, what- 
ever it might be. If it had sharp angles, there would be stinging 
pain; if it was large and smooth, there would be dull pain, less 
acute. If the body was large, it might cause difficulty in breath- 
ing, although this symptom would be limited. Besides interfer- 
ing with swallowing, the danger of a foreign body in the 
oesophagus would be its liability to set up inflammation. Inflam- 
mation might result in adhesion to the surrounding parts, and 
ulceration might penetrate into the trachea, or windpipe, into the 
pleural cavity, into the sac which surrounds the heart, or into 
the aorta, the large blood vessel which passes from the heart 
through the chest cavity. 

Treatment. — 

If a doctor is not immediately at hand, give an emetic. 
Vomiting is one of the safest, and in many cases one of the surest 
means of removing the trouble. A doctor may take a pair of 
long, smooth, curved forceps and endeavor to grasp the body and 
bring it out; or, if unable to draw it out, push it into the stom- 
ach. If all other means fail and the case becomes serious, the 
oesophagus must be opened, the body removed and the wound 
closed up. 

FRACTURES. — By fracture is meant the breaking of a 
bone. This is usually the result of external force. However, it 
may, and sometimes does result from muscular action. The 
term fracture is also applied to the breaking of cartilage or 
tendons. Fractures may be complete, i. e. } entirely through 
the bone, or incomplete. Iyong bones sometimes split lengthwise 
for a longer or a shorter distance. A Complicated Fracture includes 
injury to the surrounding tissues. It may extend to a joint, or 
important arteries or other structures may be included. Com- 
pound Fracture is so called when the broken ends of the bone 
project through the skin. Impacted Fracture is a term applied to 
fracture when the broken ends of the bones are driven into each 
other. This may happen in fracture of one of the bones of the 
leg from falling heavily and striking on the feet. When the bone 
is badly shattered or crushed, it is called comminuted. Bones may 
be fractured easily as a result of disease. 

Diagnosis. — A fracture may be distinguished from a disloca- 
tion by the free and unnatural movement. In dislocation the 
limb is fixed or rigid. In fracture the ends of the bone may 
usually be felt grating on each other; in dislocation they cannot. 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 479 

Try to rotate a fractured bone and only a part of it moves; in 
dislocation it moves as one piece. In fracture near the ends of 
the bones the head remains in position; in dislocation the head 
of the bone is out of the socket and appears in a new position. 
In many cases of fracture slight movement will cause the 
broken ends of the bones to produce a chucking sound which 
may be heard for some distance. There may be shortening from 
either dislocation or fracture, or fracture and dislocation may 
occur together. Fracture with impaction, i. e. , where the ends 
of the bone are driven together, is extremely difficult to diagnose. 
More or less swelling follows fracture, and when this becomes 
extensive, diagnosis may also be difficult. In a severe bruise 
the pain is diffused; in fracture it is largely confined to the point 
where the bone is broken. Many forms of injury may include 
injury to the nerve supplying the part to such an extent as to 
cause loss of motion, hence this symptom, i. e. y loss of power to 
move a limb, may be of little value in a case of suspected frac- 
ture. The collar bone is the one most frequently broken. Next 
come those of the arm or leg, the ribs and kneecap. 

Treatment. — 

What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — At the present day, 
even out in the country, the services of a doctor can be secured 
in a very short time — in an hour or two — and any efforts to 
relieve the patient are but temporary. 

Fracture of the Collar Bone. — In fracture of the collar 
bone the shoulder of the injured side is lower. It is also drawn 
forward and inward. When the bone is separated, the outer end 
of the inner fragment is drawn upward and overlaps the outer 
fragment. When not separated, the finger can detect some 
irregularity at the point of fracture. The pain is mostly located 
at the same point. The patient supports the arm of the injured 
side by the sound arm and hand as this relieves the pain. The 
head leans toward the injured shoulder as this relaxes the 
muscular tension and also aids in relieving pain. 

If out in the field or in the woods and the collar bone is 
broken, take whatever is most convenient for a sling. Place it 
beneath the elbow of the arm on the injured side, draw the 
shoulder well up and backwards and tie the support over the 
sound shoulder, allowing the palm of the hand on the injured 
side to rest upon the breast of the sound side. The patient can 
walk to the house. 

Fracture of the Ribs. — Place the patient in bed or on a 
couch and have a cuspidor within reach so that the expectora- 
tions may be noted by the physician. The object of this is tq 



4 8o FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

detect any blood that may be present in the sputum. Blood 
would indicate internal injuries. It would indicate that the 
lung had been perforated, and that blood had followed the wound 
into the air cells and tubes and was being eliminated by this 
route. Injury of this kind would, of course, indicate a serious 
condition. 

Fracture of the Arm. — If the arm is broken, secure some 
light material, such as a thin piece of board, a shingle, or a small 
stick with the two sides flattened, to use for a splint. In the 
absence of anything else ; tall grass or a handful of hay equally 
distributed over the inner side of the splint will answer for a 
temporary dressing, or the hay or grass may be used for a splint. 
Whatever is used should be bound on reasonably tight. Regard- 
ing the bandage, it is only necessary to say that whatever is most 
convenient should be used for this purpose. 

If the arm is broken below the elbow, after applying the 
bandage the arm should be flexed (bent) at the elbow joint and 
supported by a sling until the patient can reach home. 

Fracture of the Leg. — In the case of broken leg the same 
means should be used for bandaging, but in this case the patient 
cannot walk, hence some means of conveyance must be provided. 
The most convenient is a stretcher made by securing a blanket to 
two sticks and placing the patient thereon. The injured limb 
should be handled with care and maintained in a uniform position 
as nearly as possible. In nearly every case of this kind convey- 
ance can be made with a team and wagon, but a stretcher is 
preferable because there is less jolting and less pain. 

In cases of fracture with large swelling, neither tight band- 
aging nor cold should be applied for any length of time, as gangrene 
might result. 

Fracture of the Kneecap. — The kneecap is a small, flat- 
tened, triangular bone situated in the front of the knee joint. 
The outer surface is slightly oval, the inner surface is concave. 
It is enclosed in an expansion of the tendons of the muscles of the 
front of the thigh, that is, those extending from the hip to the 
knee. After enclosing the kneecap, the tendon continues down- 
ward and is attached to a small prominence on the tibia, or shin 
bone. The muscles mentioned are called the extensors because 
they are the ones called into action in extending the limb. 

Fracture of this bone is usually the result of external 
violence. It is said also to result sometimes from violent 
muscular action. Sometimes the tissues over the kneecap become 
swollen and the bursa (See Bursa, Enlarged) becomes consid- 
erably distended by an excess of fluid. This is called Housemaid' s 
Knee, so-called because this condition is most frequently met in 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 481 

women who work on their knees scrubbing floors, etc. The 
same condition over the bursa situated at the back of the elbow 
is sometimes called Miner' 's Elbow, and results from pressure of 
the elbow against the rocks while using the pick and shovel. 

Symptoms. — When the kneecap is fractured, the parts are 
widely separated and may be easily detected by the fingers. 
The symptoms of housemaid's knee are enlargement and swelling. 
In case of housemaid's knee an abscess may follow. The 
symptoms of abscess are those of abscess elsewhere. 

Treatment. — 

Fracture of the kneecap requires the services of a doctor. 
Where there is swelling and enlargement from pressure, as in the 
case of Housemaid 1 s Knee, it seems needless to state that the 
patient must keep off her knees. If an abscess forms, it should 
be opened at once. 

Fracture of the Spinal Column. — It will be remembered 
that the spinal cord is situated in a canal within the spinal 
column, therefore occupies a protected position and is seldom 
exposed or injured. The spinal column is composed of many 
small bones united together. They are arranged in three groups 
resembling three short columns, the neck, back, and small of the 
back including the portion between the hips. This renders the 
whole structure less liable to injury, because it requires greater 
force to fracture or dislocate a short column than a long one. 
Again, the layer of cartilage which is placed between the bones 
forming the spinal column acts as a cushion to aid in preventing 
jar or injury. If a man should fall some distance and his back 
should be doubled over some prominence, undoubtedly the 
spinal column would sustain either fracture or dislocation, 
although dislocation would be most liable to occur. In disloca- 
tion one bone is driven forward on another, and if such displace- 
ment was carried far enough, the spinal cord would be 
compressed between the two. 

That part of the spinal column most liable to iniury is at or 
just above the small of the back, because that is nearest the 
center. The second most frequent point liable to ir»jury would 
be the lower part of the neck where it joins the more fixed part 
of the spinal column between the shoulders. The v hird most 
frequent point would be at the junction of the neck and head, 
because the bones forming the spinal column situated r\ the neck 
are more freely movable. The upper ones, called the atlas and 
axis, are the most liable to injury or displacement f )m blows, 
applied to the head. 

31 



482 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment. — 

In case of fracture or dislocation of the spinal column we 
know of no form of treatment that insures satisfactory results. 
Perhaps the extension method is the best, but even that is liable 
to fail. 

FREEZING. — The part should be restored by rubbing with 
snow or cold water until the white color has been replaced by the 
natural color and pain is felt; then apply Olive Oil. For general 
freezing, rub with cold applications in a cold room that is 
gradually warmed. When patient is able to swallow, give stimu- 
lants and hot drinks, cover warmly and allow to rest. 

FROSTBITE.— (See Chii,bi,ains in Department I). 

HEAT-STROKE. — This is an exhaustion due to excess- 
ive heat. A subject of heat exhaustion usually becomes uncon- 
scious. This may occur suddenly and be accompanied with 
tremors or convulsions, but as a usual thing unconsciousness is 
preceded by dizziness or vertigo. The surface remains cool and 
the breathing is natural, but the pulse is so feeble as to be almost 
imperceptible. 

SUNSTROKE. — There is usually no warning in a case of 
sunstroke. The subject of it becomes immediately unconscious, 
falls in convulsions or is stricken with paralysis. The surface 
instead of being cool, as in a case of Heat-stroke \ is hot and flushed, 
the eyes are bloodshot, and the breathing either rapid and 
shallow or slow and heavy. 

The treatment in sunstroke as indicated by the above symp- 
toms differs greatly from what is proper in a case of Heat- stroke. 

Treatments . — 

Heat-Stroke. — What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Treat- 
ment should be prompt and administered on the spot, if possible; 
that is, time should not be wasted in carrying the patient any 
distance. Place him in a recumbent position, with the head low, 
loosen the clothing and keep bystanders away so that air may 
circulate freely about him. Give stimulants at once — whiskey 
or brandy in small doses, say a teaspoonful every fifteen minutes. 
If he is unable to swallow, inject two or three tablespoonfuls of 
brandy into the rectum. Bathe the temples in Camphor and 
apply Hartshorn to the nostrils. 

A. If surface is hot and burning, strip and sprinkle freely 
with cold water. If surface is cold and clammy and pulse weak, 
give stimulants and an enema of hot salt solution. — (60). 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 483 

Sunstroke. — What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Keep 
wrapped in sheets wet with cold water. Keep head elevated. 
Get a doctor as quickly as possible. 

A. Ice bags to the head, and even an ice pack for the whole 
body if the case is a very bad one. 

For internal treatment: 

Bromide of Potash 2 drachms. 

Fluid Extract Ergot 2 " 

Water 4 ounces. 

Dose. — Teaspoonful in % glass of water 
every three hours. 

B. Cold water and ice to the head. I^ow diet. Perfect 
quiet in a cool place. — (7). 

C. Horizontal position. Cool place. Sponge* with cool 
water. — (17). 

NOSE, THINGS IN. — Sometimes small children force 
buttons, peas, small corks or various other articles into one of 
the nasal cavities. They may be pressed so high up that their 
removal is difficult. In our experience in cases of this kind 
we have always succeeded by the following method: Make a 
short, sharp bend at the end of a small probe, insert the probe 
until it touches the foreign body, press the probe to one side and 
forcibly insert it past the body, then turn the probe so that the 
hook will be directed toward the center of the cavity, draw down 
on it, and the object will be brought down with it. 

SCALDS.— (See under Burns). 

SHOCK. — When from accident or other cause there is great 
prostration of the vital forces, the condition is often spoken of as 
shock. 

Cause. — Violent collision with other bodies, or the concussion 
caused by them. A sudden striking together, or against some- 
thing firm and resistant, would produce shock. It is well known 
that a blow over the ''pit" of the stomach may cause death 
without leaving any visible signs of injury. It is claimed that 
occasionally life is destroyed by sudden and powerful mental 
emotions, and we know personally that this may be true in those 
suffering with heart disease. The cause of all forms of shock is 
the sudden arrest of heart action due to violent disturbance of 
the nervous system. 

Symptoms. — If the shock is a severe one, the symptoms are 
extreme pallor, a cold, clammy skin, feeble pulse, pinched face, 
dilated pupils, and bewilderment or loss of the mental faculties. In 



484 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

the milder forms of shock the patient may only be bewildered 
and talk incoherently. Nausea and vomiting are frequently 
associated with shock. 

Treatments. — 

A. If a severe shock is due to injury, the shock must be 
treated first and the injury afterward. Artificial heat must be 
applied at once — to the whole body, if possible. Also the rectal 
injection of a quart of hot coffee, made stronger than for drinking 
purposes, is one of the best means of stimulating the vital powers. 
If the patient can swallow, stimulants should be given in small 
quantities at short intervals. 

B. If it results from loss of blood or from severe injury, place 
patient in reclining posture with head lower than feet. If in 
bed, raise the foot a little by placing bricks under bedposts. 
Inject into the rectum 2 quarts of hot water into which has been 
thrown 1 tablespoonful of common kitchen salt. Give two tea- 
spoonfuls of Whiskey at intervals of fifteen minutes. — (49) . 

C. Keep the patient quiet. Give Brandy or Whiskey. Put 
hot bottles to the feet and limbs. — (20). 

D. Give Whiskey — one or two doses of % ounce each. Put 
hot water bottles to feet and limbs. — (41). 

Electric Shock. — If insensible, strip off clothes, dash cold 
water on chest with some force, or proceed with artificial 
respiration as in drowning. 

SNAKE BITES. — According to the researches of the 
Smithsonian Institute it appears that only ten per cent of rattle- 
snake bites are fatal, one per cent of copperheads, and no fatal 
cases from moccasin bites. From this it would seem that snake 
bites are not so fatal as generally supposed. It is believed the 
results depend largely upon the condition of the blood of the 
patient bitten. It is also believed by those who have made 
observation and studied along this line that many deaths follow- 
ing snake bites are due directly to fright. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms of bites from all poisonous rep- 
tiles are about the same — rapid swelling and severe pain. The 
skin of the patient may assume a mottled appearance, and later 
there may be spasms, stupor or unconsciousness. 

Treatments. — 

A. The same as that given under Hydrophobia. If the 
bite is on an extremity, as the finger, hand or foot, apply a cord 
tightly about the limb in order to shut off the circulation. It 
would seem advisable to make several applications of this kind, 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 485 

and in removing the constrictions first to remove the one nearest 
the body, later the next one and so on. If there is prostration 
of the vital forces, give stimulants. Whether Whiskey or other 
popular remedies are used in these cases, it should be remembered 
that active elimination is all-important as this relieves the 
system of poison; hence the value of active cathartics and free 
elimination by the skin. 

Note. — As stated under BEE Stings, the small boy's application of black 
mud is believed by many to be the best treatment in those cases, and from 
our experience it is also equally valuable in snake bites. The following 
occurrence would serve to demonstrate its value in wounds of this kind, and 
also demonstrates the instinct of animals: 

At a certain place on the banks of Pine Creek, in Pennsylvania, is a 
ledge of rocks which contains, or a few years ago contained, an immense 
number of rattlesnakes. While hunting near this vicinity one day we sud- 
denly heard the yelp of our faithful dog "Tige." This was followed in rapid 
succession by a number of short, sharp barks. Hurrying to the scene we 
found the dog surrounded by a number of rattlesnakes which bit him in 
many places. Suddenly the dog disappeared and we were unable to find 
him for several hours. We finally discovered him on the bank of the creek 
nearly buried in soft mud. He suffered no inconvenience and gave no evi- 
dence whatever of his late exciting encounter with the rattlers. 

B. Echinacea given in full doses every one or two hours is 
said to be a positive cure for the bite and sting of all poisonous 
reptiles and insects. — (30). 

C. Suck the wound immediately, or cut it out. — (38). 

D. Put 5 drops Tincture of Iodine in 2 /i glass of water. 
Give a teaspoonf ul every quarter of an hour for three hours, then 
at longer intervals as seems necessary. — (43). — Homeopathic. 

SPRAINS. — A sprain is a sudden wrench caused by fall- 
ing, slipping or stepping upon some loose object with the result 
that a joint is injured or sprained. The ligaments which support 
the joint are stretched and torn, or may be broken. The nerve 
fibers and muscles are more or less injured. The muscles or 
tendons may be injured or displaced. A sprain may be the result 
of a self -reduced dislocation. The ankle, knee and elbow are the 
joints most often sprained. The free movement of the hip joint 
and shoulder joint renders them comparatively free from acci- 
dent. If a joint is badly sprained, it is more liable to injury 
afterwards; it does not regain its original strength for the reason 
that the torn and displaced structures cannot be arranged or 
replaced in their natural position. Ligaments may be torn loose 
or separated and fail to unite, and the joint will be weakened in 
proportion. 



486 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatments. — 

A. Sprains require immediate attention. The injured part 
should be wrapped in flannels wrung out of hot water and 
covered with a dry bandage. The limb should not be allowed to 
hang down, but kept elevated to prevent swelling. 

B. Sprains of the ankle or wrist, if seen immediately after 
the injury, can best be treated by a simple bandage to the joint, 
which is left in place 24 hours. After that the joint is supported 
by a basket strapping of adhesive plaster. — (40). 

C. Bathe parts well in hot water, afterwards bathe thor- 
oughly with the following solution : Salt, 1 or 2 tablespoonfuls, 
Vinegar, Alcohol and water of each enough to make one pint. 
-(64). 

D. Salt and the white of an egg applied forms a cast. — (37) 
— Homeopathic. 

E. Put the part at rest and apply hot applications. — (20). 

STINGS. — Sometimes the result of bee stings, or the sting 
of a single bee, is quite serious. However, death seldom follows 
unless the individual is stung many times. 

Symptoms. — In most cases the only symptom is a little 
swelling, redness and pain. We have known those stung 
several times to give no symptoms or evidence at all. There are 
cases, however, where the results are radically different. The 
symptoms in a well marked case are vomiting, purging, great 
prostration and unconsciousness. For some distance around the 
sting the skin becomes spotted. This condition may be present 
all over the surface of the body and extremities. A bee sting on 
the tongue may cause rapid and enormous swelling of that organ, 
and swelling of the glottis to such an extent that in some cases it 
is said to cause death. 

We were once called to treat the case of a little girl twelve 
years of age, who was stung only once. The bee lit on the little 
girl's hair and stung her on the top of the head. Hither from 
the result of the hair or from some other cause, the wound 
appeared to be very slight, yet the child fell to the ground 
unconscious, there was rapid swelling about the head, face 
and eyes, also the hands and feet, and the whole surface of the 
body became as spotted as an adder. We applied the treatment 
given under "A," and it proved most successful. The spots and 
swelling disappeared in a few hours. 

Treatments. — 

A. First remove the sting if it is present. The poison of a 
bee sting is said to be acid in its reaction, and it necessarily 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 487 

follows that any alkaline solution will neutralize the acid and 
destroy the poison, therefore, if necessary, make a slight open- 
ing in the skin with a sharp knife and apply Ammonia water or 
a strong solution of baking Soda in water. Aside from this the 
treatment would be largely symptomatic, i. e. y to treat whatever 
symptoms appear. An active cathartic might be of benefit in 
some cases. Stimulants might also be needed. 

It is claimed that the small boy's application of black mud 
for bee stings, insect and spider bites is the best treatment of 
all. Just how this acts we are unable to say, neither does it 
make any particular difference. It is results we are all after 
rather than quibbling over a scientific diagnosis or the action of 
remedies applied. See under Snake Bites. 

B. Apply Aqua Ammonia or strong Saleratus water. — (32). 

STRANGULATION.— See Foreign Bodies in Larynx, 
also Foreign Bodies in CEsophagus) . 

SUFFOCATION.— (See Asphyxia). 

SUNSTROKE.— (See under Heat-Stroke). 

THROAT, THINGS IN.— See Foreign Bodies in CEso- 
phagus). 

WINDPIPE, THINGS IN.— ( See Foreign Bodies in 

IyARYNX). 

WOUNDS. — Wounds are injuries due to external mechan- 
ical force. Wounds are divided as follows: 

Open Wounds: Those that are large on the surface. 

Subcutaneous Wounds: Those that are larger beneath and 
small on the surface. 

Incised Wounds: Those made with a sharp instrument where 
the tissues are cut clean and smooth. 

Penetrating Wounds: Those resulting from a stab, bullet, 
nail, etc. 

Contused Wounds: Where the parts are crushed, lacerated, 
or where the tissues are torn. 

Poisoned Wounds: Where poison is conveyed into the wound. 

Gunshot Wounds: If a bullet should strike some object and 
become flattened or misshapen and then enter the body, it might 
produce an open wound, a penetrating, contused or lacerated 
wound. Fragments of shell would do the same thing. 



488 PA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment. — 

If there is much hemorrhage, the first duty is to check the 
flow of blood. This may be done by making firm pressure with 
the hands or with a bandage or ligature, as described under 
Bleeding from Injury. Internal bleeding cannot be controlled 
without the services of a physician. Internal hemorrhage is 
always a grave and dangerous condition. To aid in checking 
the flow of blood the patient should remain perfectly quiet. 
Sometimes a bullet, nail or other blunt instrument may carry 
pieces of clothing into the wound. These should always be 
removed, but this, too, requires the services of a doctor. A 
bullet is more likely to push an artery aside and to cut it off. 
The same is sometimes true with tendons and ligaments. A bullet 
will sometimes glance when striking a bone. The contact may 
render the surface of the ball uneven or ragged, after which the 
wound would be much more severe if the ball should continue 
on its course. 

If a bullet becomes lodged in the chest or abdominal cavity 
and does not interfere with the healing of the wound, nor pro- 
duce paralysis, showing that it is not in contact with any plexis, 
or bundle of nerve fibers, it is better to allow it to remain. Con- 
tinual probing, or an exploratory operation hunting for a ball 
that is doing no harm may, and often does result disastrously to 
the patient. A bullet that becomes lodged in the tissues and 
does not interfere with arteries or nerves soon becomes encysted, 
i. e. , surrounded by a membrane of new tissue. Once encysted, 
it may remain throughout a lifetime and produce no bad results 
or inconveniences. 

The principal thing in caring for a wound is to maintain 
absolute cleanliness. Where the skin is broken or cut, the edges 
should be smoothed, if necessary, and then brought evenly 
together and stitched with clean silk. If about the face or neck, 
very fine thread or even horse hair may be used. This will pre- 
vent a scar. Wounds, especially bullet wounds, often produce 
great prostration of the vital forces, hence stimulants may be 
needed. 



Department IV, 



POISONS— SYMPTOMS, TREATMENTS 
AND ANTIDOTES. 



In this chapter is given a list of all poisons which are likely 
to be taken, together with the most obvious symptoms, and 
common antidotes and treatments. 

There is one general form of treatment that applies to any 
and all cases of accidental poisoning. The a?itidote should be given 
first, if at hand, as this removes the danger at once. Following 
this the patient should be given an active emetic to relieve the 
stomach of its contents. It is understood, of course, that if the 
antidote is not at hand, active vomiting should be instituted 
without delay. 

If a doctor is at hand and can apply treatment immediately, 
perhaps an antidote would not be needed. A hypodermic injec- 
tion of Apomorphine will produce vomiting usually in from three 
to five minutes. In this way the poison is removed before the 
antidote could be prepared and taken. 

It is also necessary to state that if treatment is not instituted 
until some time after the poison is taken — after it has been 
absorbed into the circulation , producing its full effect — emetics are 
not only useless, but will work injury to the patient by aiding in 
destroying vitality. Rather than to give emetics in such cases, 
it is better to treat the condition; in other words, to treat the 
symptoms as they appear. If stupor is present, stimulants may 
be needed, although these should be given in small quantities at 
first. 

The mineral acids are not so apt to produce dangerous or 
fatal effects as a result of their being taken into the circulation, 
but rather from their destruction of the walls of the stomach. 
Because of their caustic properties they are liable to penetrate the 
stomach walls; in other words, their effects are local. Strictly 
speaking, these acids are not poisons. The word ' ' poison ' ' applies 
only to such substances as produce their effect through the circu- 
lation. Carbolic Acid produces the same local effect, but destroys 
life by paralyzing the nervous system, particularly the heart. 

489 



4Q0 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Following corrosive poisons, such as Carbolic Acid, Cor- 
rosive Sublimate, or any of the mineral acids, some form of 
mucilage should be taken in considerable quantities; or the white 
of eggs or milk could be given with advantage. Mechanical 
protection is thus afforded the delicate mucous membrane of the 
mouth, throat and stomach, which has been more or less affected 
or destroyed by the action of the poison. By reason of such 
action the patient should receive only liquid food for some time. 

The stomach pump is sometimes used to wash out the 
stomach in some cases of poisoning. We wish to state, however, 
that it should never be used where poisons of a corrosive nature 
have been taken. This refers especially to strong acids, such as 
Carbolic Acid, Nitric Acid, Muriatic Acid, etc. Neither should 
it be used where strong alkalies have been taken, such as 
Ammonia, Soda or Potash. The reason is that the remedies 
mentioned are very destructive to the mucous membrane of the 
stomach, and in such cases forcing a tube into this organ would 
only increase the damage. 

Vegetable Poisons. — The poisonous principles in nearly 
all vegetable remedies, such as Aconite, Belladonna, Digitalis, 
etc., are neutralized or destroyed by Tannic Acid. This does 
not apply to Morphine. In the case of Morphine poisoning, Perman- 
ganate of Potash is claimed by some to neutralize the poison and 
act as a specific; this claim is denied by others. Tannic Acid 
will also neutralize some forms of chemical poisons, as Antimony, 
and others for which it is recommended. 

Mineral Poisons. — Regarding mineral poisons, many of 
these may also be neutralized and their effects immediately 
destroyed by giving the proper antidote. For instance, dialyzed 
Iron, which is a very common preparation and kept in all drug 
stores, will immediately neutralize or destroy Arsenic when 
taken in any form. The dialyzed Iron and Arsenic form an 
insoluble compound. The white of eggs will immediately 
neutralize and destroy the effects of Corrosive Sublimate. 

Acid Poisons. — When strong acids have been taken into 
the stomach they may be neutralized and their effects destroyed 
by alkalies, such as Soda or Potash, dissolved in water and taken 
in large quantities. The acid and the alkali, Soda or Potash, 
form a chemical compound. During their union, however, 
there is kept up a constant boiling process and a good deal of 
heat is produced. This heat may be so great as to injure the 
mucous membrane of the stomach and deeper tissues, hence it is 
believed to be a better plan to fill the stomach with pure water 
only. Have the patient drink i, 2, 3 or more pints. This 
dilutes the acid to such an extent as to destroy its effects or 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



49 1 



render it so mild that it will do no harm. If a little ground 
Mustard is added to the water before the patient drinks it, it will 
not only dilute the acid, but vomiting will be produced at the 
same time. 

Alkali Poisons. — In the case of poisoning from alkalies, 
the treatment should be the same. If it is desired to neutralize 
the alkali, it can readily be done by adding a liberal quantity of 
vinegar to the water; but the boiling and the heat would be the 
same as in the case of adding the alkali to the water taken for 
acid poisoning. 

In the case of small children who are unable to drink a 
quantity of water, perhaps it is better to take the alkali, the 
Soda or Potash, in the treatment of acid poisoning, and to give 
vinegar as strong as can be taken for the alkali poisoning. 

EMETICS. 

An emetic is something taken into the stomach to cause 
vomiting. Below are given the most common emetics, viz., 
Mustard, Ipecac, Sulphate of Zinc, Sulphate of Copper and 
Tartar Emetic, and the proper method of taking them. Warm 
water is also an emetic, and warm water, water and Mustard are 
almost always at hand; Ipecac also is more or less frequently 
kept. The others mentioned probably could not be had unless 
obtained from a drug store, and even then might possess no 
advantage over the more common remedies just named. The 
Sulphates and Tartar Emetic not only fail to possess advantage, 
but in some cases they might prove a disadvantage to a dangerous 
degree. Sulphate of Zinc is depressing; Sulphate of Copper is 
irritating to the stomach; Tartar Emetic is still more depressing 
than Sulphate of Zinc; hence it follows that if taken in cases 
where the patient is extremely low, an}^ of the three might aid 
in producing fatal effects. 

Mustard Seed, ground. — Take a tablespoonful in a glass of 
warn water. If vomiting is not caused in fifteen minutes, repeat 
the dose. 

Ipecac, Syi up or Fluid Extract of. — Take 1 teaspoonful in a 
little water or molasses. If vomiting is not caused in fifteen 
minutes, repeat the dose. 

Sulphate of Zinc (White Vitriol) . — Take ^ of a small tea- 
spoonful of the powder (from 10 to 15 grains) dissolved in a 
little water. Can be repeated in twenty to thirty minutes if 
vomiting has not occurred. 

Sulphate of Copper (Blue Vitriol). — Take a piece about the 
size of a common pea (3 to 5 grains) dissolved in a little water. 
Can be repeated in twenty to thirty minutes if vomiting has not 
occurred. 



492 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Tartar Einetic (Antimony). — Dissolve 6 or 8 grains in 8 
tablespoonfuls of water. The dose is a tablespoonful of the 
mixture every ten or fifteen minutes until vomiting is caused. 

MUCILAGES, OR MUCILAGINOUS DRINKS. 
(to follow corrosivk poisoning.) 

Flaxseed tea is a common and excellent thing. Or, Gum 
Arabic, Slippery Elm bark or Comfrey root, soaked in water 
until mucilage is extracted. 

Note. — Under the list of poisons a few articles are referred to others 
which are similar in their effects. 

ACETATE OF COPPER.— (See Blue Vitriol). 
ACETATE OF LEAD.— (See Sugar of Lead). 

ACONITE.— Monk's Hood. 

Symptoms. — Nausea, vomiting, pain in the stomach ; severe 
pain in the bowels with violent purging; cold sweats; rapid feeble 
pulse; color pale. 

Treatment. — 

Give Vz teaspoonful Tannin dissolved in water, and produce 
vomiting (if not already free enough) by drinking warm water, 
tickling the throat and giving emetics; give mucilages and stimu- 
lants, and apply external heat. Keep fiat on back. 

ALCOHOL. — Rum, Brandy, Whiskey, Gin, etc. — In large 
quantities a powerful narcotic poison. 

Symptoms.— Inability to walk or stand, dizziness, highly 
flushed or pale face, noisy breathing, confusion of thought and 
unconsciousness . 

Treatment. — 

Cause vomiting by large draughts of warm water and by 
tickling the throat, or 03^ emetics; pour cold water on the head 
and back of the neck; keep up motion; irritate the skin by brisk 
rubbing; give strong coffee. Use stomach pump. Artificial 
respiration may be needed. 

AMMONIA.— Spirits of Hartshorn. 

Symptoms. — Strong, burning taste in the mouth, heat in the 
throat and stomach, vomiting, cold clammy skin, small rapid 
pulse and great prostration. Death may occur in half an hour. 

Treatment. — 

Give vinegar and water, or any dilute vegetable acid; excite 
vomiting; give cathartics and opiates. 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 493 

ANTIMONY.— (See Tartar Emetic). 

AQUA FORTIS.— Nitric Acid. 

Symptoms. — Strangulation in swallowing; mouth, lips and 
throat a yellow color; skin, cold and clammy; pulse, quick and 
small; retching, and vomiting of dark-colored fluids. 

Treatment. — 

Carbonate of Magnesia, calcined Magnesia, chalk or whiting 
in water; plaster from the wall softened with water; soap and 
water; wood ashes and water; milk; whites of eggs; oil. Or, as 
stated under Acid Poisons in the foregoing, drink large quantities 
of warm water containing 1 or more tablespoonfuls of ground 
Mustard. 

ARSENIC. — Rough on Rats, Paris Green, White Arsenic, 
Fowler s Solzction, Black Oxide (fly powder). Has little or no 
taste, and may be taken accidentally. 

Symptoms. — Burning pain in the stomach, excessive thirst, 
vomiting, heat and tightness of trie throat, diarrhea, slow and 
intermittent pulse, faintness, lethargy, pals}', convulsions, etc. 
Death occurs, on the average, in about twenty- four hours. Four 
grains have destroyed adult life. 

Treatments. — 

A. Give 2 to 4 teaspoonfuls of dialyzed Iron; this forms 
an insoluble compound. Follow with tablespoonful of Syrup of 
Ipecac; or ground Mustard seed; or 3 to 5 grains of Sulphate of 
Copper; or 10 to 20 grains of Sulphate of Zinc. Give white of 
eggs; milk; Flaxseed tea; much warm water; or oil and L,ime 
Water. Use stomach pump. 

B. Give a good dose of iron rust, afterwards wash out the 

stomach and give freely of milk or cream. — (44). 

Note. — It might take some time to secure a dose of iron rust and, if a 
drug store is within reach, a better plan would be to get an ounce of dialyzed 
Iron and give from 2 to 4 teaspoonfuls immediately, afterwards washing 
out the stomach, etc. 

C. Empty the stomach as quickly as possible by thrusting 
finger down throat, or by giving warm Mustard water or salt 
water; then give milk or oil freely— Castor Oil, Iyinseed Oil or 
Sweet Oil, V 2 glass; or all the milk that can be taken. — (9). 

D. Dialyzed Iron in teaspoonful doses every 15 minutes. 
—(4). 

E. Give anything to cause speedy vomiting. — (17). 

F. Whites of 3 eggs, followed by copious draughts of warm 
water to produce free vomiting. — (19). 



494 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

BELLADONNA.— (See Deadly Nightshade). 

BISMUTH. — Oxide of Bismuth, Nitrate of Bismuth (a white 
powder sometimes used as a cosmetic) . Subnitrate of Bismuth is 
not a poison. 

Symptoms. — Metallic taste in the mouth, heat and dryness of 
the throat and severe burning heat in the stomach and bowels, 
violent vomiting, diarrhea, pulse small and rapid, skin cold, 
breathing difficult, fainting and convulsions. 

Treatment. — 

Large quantities of milk; whites of eggs; oil. Cause vomit- 
ing by drinking large quantities of warm water containing one 
tablespoonful ground Mustard, or other emetic. Use stomach 
pump. 

BLISTERING FLIES. — Spanish Flies, Tincture of Canth- 
arides. 

Symptoms. — Difficulty of swallowing and burning in the 
throat, violent pain in the stomach and bowels, vomiting, pain 
in the loins, and passage of bloody water with great pain. 

Treatment. — 

Produce vomiting by large draughts of warm water and 
tickling the throat with the finger or a feather; give milk or 
mucilaginous drinks. 

BLUE VITRIOL.— Sulphate of Copper, Blue Stone. 

Symptoms. — Strong metallic taste in the mouth, violent 
vomiting and purging, griping pains, frothing at the mouth, 
headache, dizziness, convulsions and insensibility. 

Treatment. — 

Have patient drink large quantities of water to wash out 
stomach, then give strong coffee, milk, whites of eggs, wheat 
flour and water, or mucilages. 

CAMPHOR. 

Symptoms. — Great excitement of nervous system, dizziness, 
vomiting, anxiety, small pulse, difficult breathing, fainting, 
cold skin, delirium and convulsions. 

Treatment. — 

Cause vomiting by drinking warm water or ground Mus- 
tard in warm water, and give mucilages, wine, and Opium or 
laudanum. 

CARBOLIC ACID.— This is a very frequent cause of 
poisoning as it is so easily obtained, and one that is generally 
fatal. 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 495 

Symptoms. — The mucous membrane of the lips, tongue and 
cheeks is white, wrinkled and hardened from the action of the 
acid. The odor of Carbolic Acid is easily detected in the breath. 
There is an intense burning pain in the mouth, throat and stom- 
ach. The pupils are contracted, the skin is cold and clammy, and 
the pulse becomes weaker and weaker. Coma precedes death, 
which is sometimes accompanied by convulsions. Death may 
occur within an hour. 

Treatment. — 

Oil is the best application to external burns, but should not 
be used internally. Flaxseed tea in quantity or Mustard water 
given immediately by the pint or quart to dilute the acid and 
thus arrest its corrosive action on the tender mucous membrane of 
the stomach; soapy water is valuable. Stimulants may be given 
to prevent collapse. 

CARBONATE OF LEAD.— (See White Lead). 

CARBONIC ACID GAS.— Found in cellars, wells and 
mines, and given off in burning charcoal and from stoves. 

Symptoms. — Face swelled and more or less discolored, feel- 
ing of great weight in the head, dizziness, drowsiness, difficulty 
in breathing, suffocation and insensibility. 

Treatment. — 

Admit fresh air; rub the patient, especially over the lungs ; 
cause artificial breathing (see Drowning). Keep the head and 
back of the neck wet with cold water; or if the body is cold, give a 
warm bath, also 15 drops Tincture of Belladonna. 

COBALT. — Often used as a fly poison. 

Symptoms. — Pain and heat in the stomach and throat, violent 
retching and vomiting, cold skin, small rapid pulse, breathing 
rapid and difficult, diarrhea. 

Treatment. — 

Give emetics; also give freely of milk, white of eggs, wheat 
flour and water, or mucilages. 

CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE. — Bichloride of Mercury. 
Sometimes carelessly used as a bed-bug poison. 

Symptoms. — Strong metallic or coppery taste in the mouth, 
burning heat in the throat, severe pain in the stomach and 
bowels, vomiting and purging, face flushed and swollen or 
anxious and pale, pulse small, irregular and rapid, skin clammy 
and cold, tongue white and shriveled, breathing difficult, faint- 
ing, convulsions and insensibility. 



496 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment. — 

First give the white of eggs and then cause vomiting as 
quickly as possible by drinking warm water containing i table- 
spoonful of ground Mustard; tickle the throat with the ringer or 
a feather to aid in inducing vomiting; give wheat flour and 
water or liquid starch. 

CREOSOTE.— (See On, of Tar). 

DEADLY NIGHTSHADE.— Belladonna. 

Symptoms. — Dryness of the throat, sickness at the stomach, 
dizziness, dimness of sight, pupils dilated, laughter, delirium, 
face, red and swollen, also a scarlet eruption is often observed on 
the skin, convulsions, paralysis and insensibility. 

Treatment. — 

The treatment is the same as for Henbane. See Henbane. 

DIGITALIS.— (See Foxglove). 

FISH (poisonous). — All kinds of fish, meats, etc., may 
become poisonous from disease or decay. 

Symptoms. — Great thirst, weight in the stomach, vomiting, 
dizziness, itching, and sometimes an eruption on the skin, pulse 
low, hands and feet cold, twitching of the tendons; convulsions. 

Treatment. — 

Cause vomiting by drinking warm water and tickling the 
throat with the finger; soothing drinks and acids; recumbent 
position. 

FOOL'S PARSLEY. — Taken by mistake for common 
parsley. 

Symptoms. — Burning in throat and thirst, sickness, vomit- 
ing and occasional purging, cold moist skin, small frequent pulse, 
headache, dizziness and delirium. 

Treatment. — 

Emetics, followed by warm water, milk, Flaxseed tea or 
Chamomile tea; purgatives; warm bath; stimulants and opiates. 

FOXGLOVE.— Digitalis. 

Symptoms. — Irregular pulse, dizziness, indistinct vision, 
nausea, vomiting, cold sweats, hiccough, delirium and convul- 
sions. 

Treatment. — 

One-third teaspoonful Tannic Acid, followed by emetics. 
Small doses of Opium or laudanum (5 to 20 drops of Laudanum) 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 49; 

may be needed to quiet the intense excitement of the nervous 
system. Strong coffee should also be given. Keep the patient 
quiet and the head low. 

HELLEBORE. — Indian Poke, Swamp Hellebore. 

Symptoms. — Violent purging and vomiting, bloody stools, 
great anxiety, dizziness, tremors, fainting, cold sweats, convul- 
sions. 

Treatment. — 

Cause vomiting quickly by large draughts of warm water, 
molasses and water, or other emetics; also give oil and mucilagi- 
nous drinks; oily purgatives; strong coffee, or other stimulant. 
Opium may be given in small quantities if necessary to quiet 
extreme nervous sensibility. 

Note. — Hellebore is sometimes used in poisonous quantities in dressing 
sores. In this case treatment by vomiting would be useless. 

HEMLOCK (poison). — The roots have sometimes been 
eaten by mistake for parsnip. 

Symptoms. — Dizziness, dimness of sight, delirium, and swell- 
ing of the abdomen, with pain, vomiting and purging. 

Treatment. — 

Give Vi teaspoonful Tannin dissolved in water, and follow 
with an emetic. Give warm water, Flaxseed tea, Chamomile 
tea, or milk; bathe the head with water and give stimulants. 
Use stomach pump. 

HENBANE. — Hyoscyamus. 

Symptoms. — Sickness, dilatation of the pupils, dimness of 
sight, dryness of mouth and throat, delirium, appearance of intox- 
ication and insensibility. 

Treatment. — 

Give Yz teaspoonful of Tannin dissolved in water, and fol- 
low with strong Mustard water to produce vomiting; cold to the 
head; heat to the feet; strong coffee. Give stimulants as needed. 
Hypodermic injections of Pilocarpine may be given by a doctor. 

LAUDANUM.— (See Opium). 

LAUREL, MOUNTAIN.— Honey made from its flowers 
is poisonous, also birds that feed upon its buds in winter. 

Symptoms. — Violent flushings of heat and cold, dizziness, 
sickness at the stomach, vomiting and purging, delirium, weak, 
rapid pulse, sweating, convulsions. 

32 



498 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Treatment. — 

Emetics, as warm water or molasses and water, and tickling 
the throat with the finger to produce vomiting; purgatives; 
strong stimulants, such as Ammonia and coffee. Use stomach 
pump. 

LIMB. — Quick Lime. 

Symptoms. — Burning in the throat and stomach, vomiting, 
violent colic and diarrhea; sometimes constipation. 

Treatment. — 

Drink vinegar, lemon juice or any vegetable acid freely; 
follow with an emetic; give mucilaginous drinks; opiates if 
needed, warm baths, etc. 

LUNAR CAUSTIC— Nitrate of Silver. 

Symptoms. — Burning pain in the stomach, sickness at the 
stomach, retching and vomiting; sometimes extreme purging; 
cold skin, quick, irregular pulse, difficult breathing, fainting and 
convulsions. 

Treatment. — 

Drink freely of common salt in water; also drink large quan- 
tities of warm water and tickle the throat to produce vomiting ; 
or give other emetics ; also warm bath ; purgatives and mucil- 
aginous drinks. 

MONK'S HOOD.— (See Aconite). 

MORPHINE.— (See Opium). 

MURIATIC ACID.— Hydrochloric Acid. 

Symptoms. — Burning and sense of strangulation in the throat, 
retching, vomiting, swelling of the throat and difficulty in 
breathing; skin cold with clammy sweat; pulse quick and small. 

Treatment. — 

Give large quantities of water containing Mustard, Carbonate 
of Magnesia Calcined Magnesia, chalk or whiting, in water; soap 
and water; wood ashes and water; white of eggs, milk, oil, etc. 
Plaster from the wall may be beaten down to a paste with water 
and given, or washing soda with barley water; mucilaginous 
drinks. 

MUSHROOMS (poisonous). — Eaten by mistake for the 
ordinary mushroom. 






POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



499 



Symptoms. — Pain and sickness at the stomach, vomiting and 
purging; great thirst, colicky pains, cramps, dizziness, convul- 
sions and delirium. 

Treatment . — 

Give emetics, purgatives, mucilages, acid drinks, and stimu- 
lants such as Whiskey, Brandy, Ammonia, etc. 

NITRE. — Nitrate of Potash, Saltpetre. 

Symptoms. — Great pain in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, 
purging, severe colic in the lower part of the bowels, difficult 
breathing, great prostration, fainting and convulsions. One 
ounce has destroyed life in three hours. 

Treatment. — 

Barley water, Flaxseed tea, warm water or molasses and 
water, and tickling the throat to produce vomiting ; or other 
emetics; opiates, as 5 to 10 drops of Laudanum; stimulants, 
such as Brandy, Whiskey, Ether, etc. 

NITRATE OF SILVER.— (See Lunar Caustic). 

NITRIC ACID.— (See Aqua Fortis). 

NUX VOMICA.— (See Strychnine). 

OIL OF ALMONDS.— (See Prussic Acid). 

OIL OF CEDAR.— 

Symptoms. — Heat in the stomach, immediately followed by 
convulsions with frothing at the mouth. Death has occurred in 
half an hour. 

Treatment. — 

Cause vomiting as quickly as possible by large draughts of 
warm water and other nauseating drinks, or by a large dose of 
ground Mustard seed in water. Stimulants as needed. 

OIL OF RUE.— 

Symptoms. — Dryness of mouth and throat, heat and pain in 
the stomach and bowels, thirst, headache and delirium. 

Treatment. — 

Kxcite vomiting as quickly as possible by large drinks of 
warm water containing ground Mustard seed, or other emetics. 

OIL OF SAVIN. — May be taken by young women to 
induce menstruation — a very dangerous proceeding. 



500 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Symptoms. — Headache, delirium, general excitement, sharp 
pain in the stomach and bowels, nausea, vomiting and purging, 
convulsions. 

Treatment. — 

Cause vomiting by large drinks of warm water containing 
Mustard and tickling the throat; or give an emetic of Sulphate 
of Zinc. Follow with acid drinks and mucilages. 

OIL OF TANSY.— May be taken as noted in Oil of Savin. 
Symptoms. — Heat in the stomach, immediately followed by 
convulsions and frothing at the mouth; feeble pulse. 

Treatment. — 

Cause vomiting by large draughts of warm water containing 
Mustard; give acid drinks and mucilages. 

OIL OF TAR. — Containing Creosote as its essential 
principle. 

Symptoms, — Speedy insensibility, labored rattling breathing, 
cold hands and feet, watering eyes, feeble pulse. 

Treatment. — 

Cause vomiting instantly by drinking water containing 
Mustard, or by other emetics. 

OIL OF VITRIOL— Sulphuric Acid. 

Sy?nptoms. — Pain and burning in the throat and difficulty in 
swallowing, vomiting dark-colored fluids and shreds of membrane 
from the stomach, swelling of the throat, cold skin, and quick, 
small pulse. The lining membrane of the mouth and throat is 
partly destroyed and of a dark color. 

Treatment. — 

Carbonate of Magnesia, Calcined Magnesia, chalk or whiting, 
mixed with large quantities of water; or soap or wood ashes and 
water; or lime from the plastered wall made into a paste with 
water. The foregoing are all alkalies, and the object in giving 
any one of them is to neutralize the acid. Or water by the pint 
containing Mustard. Follow with white of eggs, milk or oils. 

OPIUM. — Gum Opium,, Laudanum, Morphine. 

Symptoms. — Dizziness, stupor, drowsiness, insensibility; 
pulse quick and irregular at first and breathing hurried; later the 
breathing is slow and noisy, face flushed, pupils contracted, and 
the pulse slow and full. In favorable cases there is early nausea 
and vomiting. Death occurs in from two to twenty-four hours. 



POISONS AND ANTIDO TES. 501 

Treatments. — 

A. Cause instant vomiting by copious drinks of warm water 
containing a large quantity of ground Mustard. Keep cold 
water on the head and back of the neck; rub the surface with 
coarse towel, and keep the person moving. Give strong stimu- 
lants, as Brandy, Whiskey, Ammonia to nostrils, 15 drops Tinc- 
ture of Belladonna, or strong tea and coffee. Use stomach pump. 
The stomach pump is particularly valuable in Opium poisoning, 
as the system may be so paralyzed that vomiting cannot be 
induced by emetics. 

B* Give an emetic of Mustard and warm water. After the 
stomach is emptied make the patient drink hot strong coffee and 
watch the breathings. — (20). 

C. Warm water by the tumblerful with Mustard in it until 
the patient vomits, then give strong coffee. If in a stupor, keep 
patient walking. Call for doctor at once. — (35.) 

D« Permanganate of Potash is considered by some a safe and 
sure antidote for Morphine poisoning. If the case is discovered 
early, give the remedy by the stomach; if not, inject under the 
skin with a hypodermic needle. — (51). 

OXALIC ACID. — May be taken accidentally from its 
resemblance to Epsom Salts. 

Symptoms: — Hot burning taste in the swallowing and imme- 
diate vomiting, the matter thrown up bein?- a greenish or brown 
color; sometimes severe pain; pulse small and irregular; numbness 
and spasms. 

Treatment. — 

Carbonate of Magnesia, Calcined Magnesia, chalk or whiting 
made into a cream with water and given freely; emetics; Lime 
Water with oil; mucilages. 

PARIS GREEN.— (See Arsenic). 

PHOSPHORUS — 

Symptoms. — Hot taste of onions or garlic in the mouth, 
violent pains in the stomach, nausea and vomiting, convulsions. 

Treatment. — 

Fill up the stomach with Magnesia and water; give emetics, 
warm water, etc. , to keep up the vomiting. Copper Sulphate in 
small doses. No oils should be used, though old Oil of Turpen- 
tine is recommended given in emulsion, from 10 drops to 1 tea- 
spoonful. 

POTASH, HYDRATE OK— Caustic Potash, 



502 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Symptoms. — Burning taste in the mouth, pain in the stomach 
and vomiting; cold skin, small frequent pulse and great 
prostration. 

Treatment. — 

Give large amount of water containing ground Mustard, or 
Vinegar, lemon juice or other vegetable acids; rub the skin; give 
Oils and mucilaginous drinks. 

PRUSSIC ACID. — Hydrocyanic Acid, the poisonous prin- 
ciple of the Oil of Bitter Almonds. 

Symptoms. — Instant sensation of weight and pain in the 
head, nausea and quick pulse. In larger doses, instant insensi- 
bility, convulsions, loss of pulse and slow breathing, death 
occuring in from two minutes to half an hour. 

Treatment. — 

Application of strong Ammonia to the nostrils; stimulating 
liniments to the chest. Apply cold water to the head and spine. 
Mix i part Ammonia with 6 parts water and give freely. 

ROUGH ON RATS. -(See Arsenic). 

STRAMONIUM.— (See Thorn Appi<e). 

STRYCHNINE.— Nux Vomica. 

Symptoms. — Kxtremely bitter taste in the mouth, muscular 
spasms, limbs fixed, stretched out and rigid, jaws spasmodically 
shut. If the symptoms continue, there is nausea, vomiting, and 
difficulty in breathing. Or, instead of the rigidity described the 
various groups of voluntary muscles may act spasmodically and 
the arms and lower limbs fly in all directions. 
Treatment. — 

Give i teaspoon ful of Tannic Acid in water, if at hand. 
This will form an insoluble compound with the Strychnine. Then 
give emetics to produce vomiting; also give freely any fatty matter, 
such as Sweet Oil, lard, etc., a pint at a time, and have it vomited 
each time by passing the finger down the throat. To control the 
spasms, give, for an adult, 30 grains Chloral Hydrate or 60 grains 
Bromide of Potash, or Morphine or Chloroform. In severe cases 
larger doses of the Chloral or Potash may be necessary. Or perhaps 
spasmodic action can be best and most quickly controlled by the 
hypodermic injection of Apomorphia. These remedies would 
require the services of a doctor. 

SUGAR OF LEAD.— Acetate of Lead. 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 503 

Symptoms. — A burning, prickling feeling in the throat, 
with dryness and thirst, pain in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, 
constipation, cold skin, weak irregular pulse, loss of strength, 
cramps, numbness, dizziness, insensibility. 

Treatment. — 

Sulphuric Acid forms an insoluble compound with lead, and 
is best given in the form of Sulphate of Magnesia or Epsom 
Salts. Large amounts should be given. If necessary, Morphine 
may be added to relieve the spasms and pain. Give emetics, 
followed by mucilages, milk, white of eggs, or wheat flour with 
water. 

SULPHATE OF COPPER.— (See Bi.uk Vitriol). 

SULPHATE OF ZINC— (See White Vitriol). 

SULPHURIC ACID.— (See On. of Vitriol). 

TARTAR EMETIC— Antimony. 

Symptoms. — Nausea, severe vomiting, hiccough, burning 
pain in the stomach due to inflammation, colic pains and violent 
purging, small quick pulse, cramps, dizziness and great 
prostration. 

Treatment. — 

Tannic Acid forms an insoluble compound with Antimony 
and should be given in a little water. Afterwards wash out 
stomach by drinking large quantity of water, and give strong tea, 
mucilages and warm drinks. Stimulants will be necessary. 

THORN APPLE.— Stramonium. 

Symptoms and treatment are the same as given under 
Henbane. 

TOBACCO.— 

Symptoms. — Severe nausea, headache, vomiting, sudden 
weakness, cold sweats and convulsions. 

Treatment. — 

Emetics; large draughts of warm water; purgatives; acid 
drinks; stimulants, such as strong coffee, Brandy, Whiskey, etc., 
and external heat. 

VERDIGRIS.— (See Bute Vitriol). 

WHITE LEAD.— (See Sugar of Lead). 

WHITE VITRIOL.— Sulphate of Zinc. 



504 



FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



Symptoms, — Bitter taste in the mouth with sensation of 
choking, severe vomiting, pain in the stomach and bowels, 
difficult breathing, cold hands and feet and quick, small pulse. 

Treatment. — 

Give strong alkaline drinks, as baking Soda. Follow with 
white of eggs; wheat flour and water; plenty of milk; emetics if 
needed, that is, if vomiting has not already taken place; purga- 
tives; opiates and stimulants. 

WOLF'S BANE.— (See Aconite). 

Poison Ivy. — This plant by contact, and upon many with- 
out contact, produces a violent erysipelatous inflammation, 
particularly of the face. The symptoms are itching, redness, 
burning, swelling, watery blisters and subsequent peeling of 
the skin. These effects are experienced soon after exposure, 
and usually begin to decline within a week. 

Treatment. — 

Carbolic Acid i teaspoonful. 

Water 7 

Mix, apply thoroughly for a few minutes 
and wash off with water. One thorough appli- 
cation of this kind will completely eradicate 
the poison. 

Poison Dogwood. — The symptoms and treatment are 
similar to those of Poison Ivy. 




FOXGLOVE. 

(See Description.) 

This herb is useful in Dropsy of the Chest, Pleurisy and 
Inflammatory Affections. (To be used with cautionj 



Department V, 



HERB REMEDIES. 



Materia Medica is the science that treats of the substances 
employed in the prevention, alleviation and cure of disease; among 
these plant life holds the foremost place. More remedies are 
obtained from plants than from all other remedial sources com- 
bined, and it is the aim of this volume to give the most complete 
chapter on medicinal plants that has ever been introduced into 
any work of like character. 

It has been stated by medical authority that if families would 
familiarize themselves with herbs and their medicinal properties 
and uses, many doctors' bills would be saved. Why not? Nature 
was the Indian's sole apothecary shop — his drugs, the plant with 
its leaves and flowers, the shrub with its berries and the tree 
with its bark. The same natural remedies, so highly esteemed 
by the aborigines, are in use to-day in an artificial form, labelled 
and placed in rows on the shelves of drug stores. We call a 
physician to prescribe the proper drugs. We pay the physician 
for his knowledge; we pay the druggist for his drugs, and in so 
doing we pay the chemist who compounded them and all the 
agencies that have been instrumental in reducing them from their 
natural to their artificial state. 

Native plants are fully described. If there are any of these 
that do not grow in your vicinity, you can obtain extracts or 
other preparations of most of them at drug stores. Medicinal 
plants not growing in this country also native plants whose 
medicinal properties have recently been discovered and are being 
manufactured into various preparations, have not been described 
as to appearance, but the medicinal properties and uses of their 
products are fully stated. 

There are several ways in which the medicinal properties of 
herbs are extracted, i. e. } extracts, tinctures, infusions, decoc- 
tions, bitters, etc. For domestic practice, the most common 
methods are infusion and decoction. 

Note. — While teas, decoctions or infusions are often most convenient, 
and are comparatively inexpensive, we have given in an appended Chapter 
on Medicines the more modern method of drug medication. The chapter 
is written in plain, simple language, and fully explains, not only the later 
forms of preparing medicines, but also explains in detail the action of each 

505 



506 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

remedy, including the dose, when it should be taken, and when discon- 
tinued. This is easily understood by noting the symptoms or effects pro- 
duced. Such symptoms and effects are fully described, and those adminis- 
tering the drng can do so with intelligence and satisfaction. In the Chapter 
on Medicines no attempt has been made to describe all of the remedies 
mentioned in this chapter, but only the more important ones. 

INFUSIONS. 

These are made by steeping, as tea, and are commonly called 
"teas." An excellent method of preparing them is to put the 
plant or root into a teapot (an earthen one is the better), pour on 
boiling water and let the pot stand for a short time where it will 
keep hot. Infusions are mostly made for immediate use and 
cannot be kept for any length of time. The strength of the 
plant is sometimes extracted in cold water. An infusion made in 
this way will keep longer than one made by steeping. An infu- 
sion may be sweetened and milk added, if desired, to make it 
more agreeable to the taste. 

decoctions. 

Decoctions are made by boiling substances in water for a con- 
siderable time. Vegetables or roots designed for decoction should 
be bruised or cut into slices so that their strength may be more 
easily extracted. 

Decoctions may be made into syrups by boiling or simmering 
until the strength of the herb is extracted and a goodly portion of 
the water evaporated, then straining, adding a sufficient quantity 
of sugar to prevent fermentation, and heating until the sugar is 
all dissolved. Syrups to keep nicely should be bottled when hot, 
and carefully corked or sealed. The addition of one or two table- 
spoonfuls of Glycerine to each pint of syrup helps to preserve it 
and does not interfere with it in taste or otherwise. 

FOMENTATIONS. 

Fomentations are herbs in decoction or infusion applied 
locally. An excellent manner of making fomentations is to place 
the leaves, or portion of the herb to be used, in a bag made the 
proper size to cover the part desired, steep, wring the bag out of 
the liquid and apply hot. A bag of herbs will keep hot longer 
than cloths. Two bags may be made and used alternately. 

ointments. 

Ointments, salves and cerates are practically the same. They 
are composed of about eighty per cent of lard or Vaseline. The 
other twenty per cent is made up of some remedy. The Vase- 



HERB REMEDIES. 507 

line is merely a vehicle — a convenient method of applying the 
contained remedy. Like plasters, ointments, salves and cerates 
are named according to the remedies they contain. Thus we have 
Iodine ointment, Arnica salve, Resin cerate, etc. Ointments are 
designed for local application as palliative treatment. The nature 
of the drug or drugs contained in them may be astringent, stimu- 
lating or anodyne in effect. 

piasters. 

Plasters are semi-solid substances, spread upon cloth or some 
other flexible material for application upon the external surface 
of the body. L,ike ointments, plasters are given different names 
according to the medicinal ingredients they contain, as Arnica, 
Belladonna, Capsicum, Cantharides or blister plaster. Plaster 
Paris is used for making a firm and immovable dressing for 
sprains, fractures, etc. Plaster Paris is so-called because it was 
first discovered near the city of Paris. Plaster of Paris bandages 
when wet with water and applied soon harden, become firm, and 
support the injured parts against accident or injury. The basis 
of all porous plasters is Gum Galbanum, found in Asia. Galba- 
num is stimulating and antispasmodic. Taken internally it 
produces about the same effect as Asafetida. The benefit of 
porous plasters is largely from their mechanical support. 

POUI/TICES. 

Poultices are made from various soft substances, such as 
ground Kim bark, ground Flaxseed, corn meal, bread and milk, 
etc. They are usually applied hot. They are merely a means of 
applying moist heat. Poultices are used to relieve pain and 
bring the blood to the surface, and thus aid in relieving conges- 
tion. When pus is present, they hasten the formation of the 
abscess and thus hasten resolution. 

powders 

Powder is any substance composed of minute free particles 
in a dry state. There are many powders used for toilet purposes, 
such as tooth powders and the almost endless line of face 
powders. Used in medicine, different powders are often mixed 
together and divided into separate doses. In this case the powder 
is composed of or contains medicinal substances designed for the 
treatment and cure of the various diseases for which it is used. 

TINCTURES. 

Take the fresh or dried herb, chop and pound to a pulp, 
weigh, and to every ounce of the herb add two ounces of water 
and two ounces of Alcohol. Place the drug in a large-necked 
bottle, add the Alcohol and water and allow to stand from eight 



5 o8 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

to fourteen days in a dark, cool place. At the end of this time 
the liquid should be turned off, being careful not to roil the 
dregs, and should be bottled. A teaspoonful of Glycerine to each 
four ounces of liquid will prove a valuable addition. This should 
be added when mixing the herb and Alcohol. Tinctures may also 
be made with wines or other spirituous liquors, but the principle 
and process remain the same. 

HANDY TABLES. 

60 drops make 1 fluid drachm, or 1 small teaspoonful. 

8 fluid, drachms make... 1 fluid ounce, or 2 tablespoonfuls. 

16 fluid ounces make 1 pint. 

1 pint equals 1 pound in weight. 

(There are a few exceptions regarding weight, as Glycerine, Ether, Chloro- 
form, Sulphuric Acid etc. These vary from the standard, which is 
distillled water at 6o°F. ) 

1 Tablespoonful equals 4 teaspoonfuls. 

1 Teacup equals 4 fluid ounces. 

1 Coffee Cup equals 6 fluid ounces . 

1 Wineglass equals from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls. 

1 drop equals 1 grain. 

20 grains make i scruple, equal to y z teaspoonful. 

3 scruples make 1 drachm, equal to 1 teaspoonful. 

8 drachms make 1 ounce, equal to 2 tablespoonfuls. 

For Consumption, Lung and Liver Affections, Scrofulous Com- 
plaints, Boils 

ABSCESS ROOT — Polemonium Reptans, called also 
Greek Valerian, Bi/je Beixs, Sweat Root, etc. — Roots 
are fibrous, all growing from one head. Flowers are small, blue, 
appear early in the season and produce small seeds. Several 
stems often arise from the same root. Grows in damp woods to 
the height of one or two feet. 

Employed in consumption and all affections of the lungs and 
liver, also in chronic complaints of a scrofulous character. The 
Indians used it in fevers and pleurisies to produce copious perspi- 
ration. Used in decoction, a small handful of the crushed root 
to three pints of boiling water, steeped down one-half. Dose, % 
teacupful every four hours. A tincture made in Whiskey, of 
which the dose is V 2 wineglassful three times a da} T , will cleanse 
the system and blood, and is valuable to persons afflicted with 
boils. 

ACONITE. — (See A Chapter on Medicines). 

For Vomiting, Dyspepsia, Debility of the Digestive Organs. 

ADRUE. 

Native of the Tropics. 



HERB REMEDIES. 509 

Properties. — This remedy is of surprising worth in checking 
vomiting, whether it is that of pregnancy, yellow fever or indi- 
gestion. It is also a pleasant and efficient remedy in dyspepsia 
arising from debility of the dgestive organs. 

Dose. — To check vomiting, from 20 to 30 drops of the fluid 
extract in a little water, repeated every 10 or 15 minutes until 
vomiting has ceased; for dyspepsia, the same amount given three 
times a day. 

For Coughs, Bowel Complaints, Leucorrhea, Gonorrhea, Scrofula, 

Gravel. 

AGRIMONY — Agrimonia Eupatoria, called also Cockxe- 
bur, Stickwort, etc. — This plant grows from one to two feet 
high and has a rounded, hairy stem which seldom branches. 
The leaves are oblong, pointed at both ends, and their margin is 
deeply and unequally notched. The flowers grow in slender 
spikes at the ends of the stems. 

It is useful in coughs and bowel complaints, and may also 
be given in diarrhea, dysentery, relaxed bowels, leucorrhea and 
gonorrhea. The best way to take it is in a strong decoction, 
which may be made either of the root or the plant, and may be 
sweetened if desired. The dose is 4 teacupfuls every day. A 
tea of this plant, together with Alum and honey, is used as a 
remedy for tapeworm. It is also beneficial in jaundice, and, 
taken for a long time, is of great benefit in scrofula and gravel. 
The roots and whole plant are boiled in milk and used for diabetes 
and incontinence (involuntary evacuations) of urine. 

For Neuralgia,, Worms. 

ALLIGATOR PEAR. 

Native of the West Indies and Tropical America. 

Properties. — Recommended highly by the residents of 
Southern Mexico in intercostal neuralgia. For this affliction rub 
chest and back with a dry towel until the part is well stimulated , 
then apply from 1^ to 2 ounces of the fluid extract, rubbing it in 
gently, and cover the part with a dry flannel to protect clothing 
from stain. 

It is also highly recommended as a vermifuge, especially in 
the case of tapeworm. Dr. Henry Froehling, of California, 
reports a case in which a tapeworm with a head attached was 
expelled from a man within five hours. For this purpose it is 
given in three separate doses of a fluid drachm (teaspoonful) each 
in the space of one hour, and followed with a dose of Castor Oil. 

Dose. — % to 1 teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 



510 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Tickling Coughs, Hoarseness, Scalding of Urine, Diseases of 
the Kidneys. 

ALMOND. 

Native of Mediterranean region and western Asia. 

Properties. — The oil of Sweet Almonds is very serviceable 
in tickling coughs, hoarseness, etc. It acts beneficially upon the 
urinary organs in the scalding of urine. It is very useful, 
combined with other remedies, in diseases of the kidneys. It is 
also much used externally, in combination with other articles, 
especially in preparations to whiten and soften the skin. 

Dose. — Of the oil of Sweet Almonds, from i to 8 drachms. The oil of 
Bitter Almonds is poisonous. 

ALOES. — (See A Chapter on Medicines.) 
For Ulcers, Sores, Piles. 

ALUM ROOT — Henchetia Aceiifolia, called also Spirit 
Rock, Cuff Weed, Ground Mapi,e. — Has a crooked, hori- 
zontal root of a yellowish color and very small flesh- colored 
flowers set on a stalk. Found in the mountainous regions of the 
Middle Atlantic and east Central States. 

The root is used, but is seldom taken internally on account 
of its great astringency. Finely powdered, it is applied to ulcers 
and sores in a state of discharge. Mixed with lard, it forms a 
good ointment for piles, etc. 

For External use on Ca?icerous and Ulcerous Growths. 

ALVELOZ. 

Native of Brazil. 

Properties. — Alveloz is used as an external application in 
the case of cancers and ulcerous growths. The action is irritating, 
producing a spreading inflammation of the skin without much 
pain, resulting in the destruction of the morbid tissue, which is 
replaced by healthy tissue. 

In the northern part of Brazil the natives used to burn the 
wound with the juice running from a piece of broken or cut 
stem, after having washed it with a decoction of leaves of tobacco. 
M. Landowsky, in a communication to the Grenoble Congress, 
stated that, after applying Alveloz he places over it a dressing of 
Vaseline and Borax. 

Preparation. — Alveloz Milk. 

Use. — Apply externally as above. 



HERB REMEDIES. 5II 

For Rheumatism, Coughs, Fevers, Scurvy, Ague. 

AMERICAN ARBOR VIT JE.— This evergreen attains 
a height of from twenty to fifty feet, and a diameter of ten to 
twenty feet through the greatest breadth of foliage. The branchlets 
are very flat and spreading. It is a beautiful tree, found in the 
northern part of this country and Canada, and often forms what 
are commonly known as cedar swamps. It grows along the 
rocky banks of rivers and in low swampy spots. It blossoms 
from May until June and matures its fruit in autumn. It 
assumes a conical form with such true lines as to appear 
" clipped," thus making a valuable high hedge tree. 

An ointment made of the branchlets and pressed fruit is 
excellent for rheumatism. A poultice of the cones in powder 
with milk removes the worst rheumatic pains. A decoction of 
the roots or branchlets is useful in coughs, fevers, scurvy, 
ague, etc. 

For Coughs, Debility. 

AMERICAN BALM-OF-GILEAD — Populus Balsami- 
fera, called also Balsam Poplar, etc. — This well known tree is 
extensively cultivated for its shade. Its buds, which possess 
valuable medical qualities, should be gathered in the fall of the 
year. They are filled with a rich balsam gum, and are good in 
coughs and debility. To an ounce of the bruised buds i pint of 
fourth proof spirits may be added, the dose of which is from a tea- 
spoonful to a tablespoonf ul three or four times a day in sweetened 
water. This tincture may be applied externally to cuts and 
wounds. 

For Appetite, Worms, Menses. 

AMERICAN CENTAURY— Sabbatia Angularis, called 
also Rose Pink, Wild Succory and Bitter Bloom. — Found 
in low meadows in the Middle and Southern States. Has a 
fibrous root, grows from one to two feet in height, and has clus- 
ters of delicate, rose-colored flowers which blossom in July and 
August. 

Two ounces of the leaves and flowers and i ounce of orange 
peel should be infused in 2 quarts of Brandy for two weeks. 
One tablespoonful of this tincture taken before breakfast and 
dinner will create an appetite; for children having worms, 2 
teaspoonfuls or more every morning. To restore the menses, 
pour 2 quarts of water on 2 ounces of tops, steep for half an 
hour, strain, add a pint of Rum, and take of this a teacupful 
four times a day, at the same time making hot local applications. 



512 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Indigestion, Debility, Jaundice. 

AMERICAN COLUMBO— Frasera Carolinensis , called 
also Pyramid Flower. — Grows in the Western States, attains 
sometimes to the height of ten feet, and bears a large pyramid of 
crowded yellowish-white flowers sometimes three or four feet 
long. 

Extensively used in cases requiring mild tonics, as diseases 
of the stomach, debility, fevers, indigestion, jaundice, etc. 
Infusion, i ounce of the bruised root to a pint of boiling water, 
of which the dose is a wineglassful. 

For Nervous Headaches, Hysterical Disorders, Suppressed Men- 
struations, Colics, Indigestion. 

AMERICAN DITTANY— Cunila Mariana, called also 
Mountain Dittany, Stone Mint, Wild Basil, etc. — This 
plant is peculiar to America. It has a fragrant odor, resembling 
that of the Marjoram. The flowers are of a reddish-blue color 
and blossom from July to September. It grows on mountains 
and hillsides, but is unknown in plains. 

Dittany tea (warm infusion) is a popular remedy for colds, 
headaches, and for inciting general perspiration. It relieves 
nervous headaches and hysterical disorders. Also beneficial in 
suppressed menstruations, colics and indigestion. The infusion 
may be drank freely. The Indians smoked and chewed the 
leaves as a substitute for tobacco. The plant is also employed 
externally for bruises and sprains. 

For Impurities of the Blood, Syphilitic Complaints, Chronic Rheuma- 
tism, Scrofula , etc. 

AMERICAN SARSAPARILLA — Aralia Nudicaulis, 
called also Small Spikenard, Wild Licorice, Wild Sarsapa- 
rilla, etc. — This plant grows in deep woods and shady places. The 
root is creeping, twisted and many feet long. The stem is leafless, 
with clusters of from twelve to thirty small yellowish flowers at 
the end. The blossoms are followed by clusters of berries which 
somewhat resemble the common Elderberry. 

The root of this plant may be given in syrup or infusion, 
and is useful in all diseases of the blood, syphilitic complaints, 
chronic rheumatism, scrofula, etc. Also useful in coughs, 
catarrhs and pains in the breast. The bruised root is used in 
poultices for wounds and ulcers, and also makes a useful applica- 
tion for erysipelas, ringworm and other skin affections. 



HBRB RBMBDIBS. 5 1 3 

For Cathartic Uses, 

AMERICAN SENNA — Cassia Marilandica, called also 
Wii*d Sknna, Locust Pi, ant, etc. — The root of this plant is irreg- 
ular, woody, black and fibrous. The stems are many, and grow 
from three to six feet high. The flowers are of a bright yellow. 
The fruits or pods are flat, blackish and a little hairy. They 
grow from two to five inches long, and hold from twelve to 
twenty seeds or small brown beans. It grows principally in rich 
soils near streams. 

The Sennas are cathartics. The American Senna operates 
with mildness and certainty. Both the leaves and pods are used 
in decoction — what would lay on a tablespoon added to % pint of 
hot water, drank as needed. With mothers who are nursing 
babes, the cathartic principle of the Sennas passes into the 
mother's milk. Infants are often accidentally or purposely purged 
by the mother's use of Senna. 

AMERICAN WHITE HELLEBORE.— (See Veratrum 
Viride in A Chaptkr on M^dicinks) . 

For Debility of the Stomach and Digestive Organs ', Nervous Disor- 
ders^ Inflammatory Tumors. 

ANGELICA — Angelica Atropurpurea, called also Common 
Angelica. — Found from Canada to the Carolinas, growing in 
meadows and marshy grounds and blooming in June and July. 
It has a strong odor and a warm, spicy taste. 

The infusion or tea may be taken with advantage in all 
disorders arising from flatulence and debility of the stomach and 
digestive organs. It raises the spirits, strengthens the stomach 
and creates an appetite. Also recommended in nervous headache 
pains, in chlorosis, hysteria and other nervous disorders. The 
root may be taken in powder in doses of ^2 to 1 teaspoonful, or 
the seeds and roots may be infused gently in water or spirits. 
The green root bruised and laid on inflammatory tumors will 
tend to disperse them. The roots when fresh are poisonous and 
should not be used in infusion, but after drying they lose their 
poisonous properties. 

For Tapeworms. 

ARECA NUT. 
Native of Tropical Asia. 

Properties. — It is an astringent and vermifuge, and is suc- 
cessfully used for the expulsion of tapeworms, the bowels first 
being cleansed by fasting and Castor Oil. 

33 



5 14 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Dose. — As a vermifuge, 2 teaspoonfuls of the fluid extract, 
and upwards. 

For Dropsies, Kidney Affections, Gi'avel and Sto?ie, Heart. 

AS PARAGU S. — Asparagus Officinalis. — A well known 
garden vegetable. The root and seeds are used in medicine, and 
sometimes a syrup is made of the young shoots. It is a native of 
the south of Europe, but has become naturalized in different 
sections of this country. 

An infusion of the root, drank freely, is good in dropsy and 
kidney affections, particularly in stone or gravel in the kidneys 
or bladder. To make this infusion, keep the roots in hot, but 
not boiling, water for two hours, then strain. A syrup is made 
of the juice of the young shoots, of which the dose is from 4 to 8 
tablespoonfuls. The young shoots eaten as a food have a power- 
ful effect upon the kidneys and a sedative influence over the 
heart. 

For Diarrhea, Obstructions of the U?ine, Indigestion, laintness at 
the Stomach, Consumption, Worms. 

ASPEN — Populus Tremuloides, called also White Poplar, 
Quaking Aspen, Quiver Leaf, etc. — Common in most parts of 
the country. The lightest breath of air keeps the leaves in 
motion, hence the popular names that have been given to it. 

The bark of this tree affords one of the finest of tonics. It 
may be combined with other tonics. It is used in powder, decoc- 
tion or tincture, and is useful in diarrhea, obstruction of the 
urine, indigestion, faintness at the stomach, consumption and 
worms. It should be taken in quantities according to its effect. 

For Intermittent and Remittent Fevers, recent Colds. 

AUSTRALIAN FEVER BARK— Alstonia Constricta. 
Native of Australia. 

Properties. — The action of this remedy resembles in many 
respects the combined action of Quinine and Nux Vomica. In a 
large majority of the cases of intermittent and remittent fevers it 
is a superior remedy. The system should be prepared for its use 
by the administration of the proper sedative, then Alstonia 
seldom fails. When Quinine fails in chronic cases, Alstonia 
often effects a speedy cure. In recent colds, or coryza, it is an 
excellent remedy. 

At the beginning of an attack of this annoying trouble, 2- 
grain doses every two hours £ive prompt relief. The whole sys- 
tem is soon reinvigorated, the secretions and excretions which 



HERB REM B DIES. 515 

have been more or less suppressed are reestablished, and the 
patient feels well again. Without such aid the cold often hangs 
on for days and even weeks; in other words, the vital forces 
remain depressed and the patient feels weak and mean. 

Dose. — Of the powder, from ^ to 2 grains every one to four 
hours, but in cases of periodical attacks, as much as 6-grain doses 
may be given with good results. If the dose is too large, 
headache with nervousness will be produced. 

Of the fluid extract, from 2 to 6 drops. 

For Dysentery, Chronic Diarrhea, Colic, Debility, Asthma, Sore 
Throat, Leucorrhea, Hemorrhage. 

AVENS — Geum Virginianum, called also Aven's Root, 
Kvan Root, Chocolate Root, Throat Root, etc. — This plant 
grows about two feet high. The roots are small, brittle, brown 
and crooked. The flowers, which are few in number, are of a 
white color and grow on the ends of the stems. The fruit is a 
small berry, oval-shaped, brown and smooth. A decoction of Avens 
with sugar and milk resembles chocolate or coffee and makes a 
very pleasant drink. 

It is useful in dysentery, chronic diarrhea, colic, debility, 
asthma, sore throat, leucorrhea, hemorrhage from the womb and 
also from the stomach. Given in weak decoction, about a pint a 
day may be taken, divided into three doses; or 20 grains (Yz tea- 
spoonful) of the powder may be taken three times daily. The 
roots are sometimes put into Ale and taken as a stomach tonic. 

For Liver Complaint, Jaundice, Costiveness, Dyspepsia and General 
Debility. 

BALMONY — Chelone Glabra, called also Bitter Herb, 
Snake Head, Fish Mouth, Turtle Bloom, etc.— This plant 
is found in moist ground. It has four-cornered stems that rise 
from three to five feet high and are occasionally branched near 
the top. The leaves are five or six inches long, tapering, sharply 
pointed, edged with sharp teeth, and are set opposite each other. 
The flowers are white, and in some instances are tinged with a 
delicate shade of red. They form clusters, and do not bloom 
until late in the autumn. They are remarkable for their resem- 
blance to a snake head, hence one of the common names. The 
herb should be collected in clear, dry weather, and as soon as it 
is in bloom, as the leaves frequently become mildewed after that 
time. It should be dried in the sun or in a warm, dry place. 

This herb has tonic, stimulant and anti-bilious properties. 
It is a valuable medicine in disorders of the liver, and in jaundice 
will remove the yellow color from the skin and eyes. It is 



4 1 6 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

employed in costiveness, dyspepsia, loss of appetite and general 
languor and debility. A weak infusion of the plant may be drank 
freely. 

For Catarrhal Conditions of the Lungs and Urinary Tract, 
BALSAM OF COPAIVA, or COPAIBA. 
Native of South America. 

Properties. — The most important use of Copaiva is in 
catarrhal conditions of the mucous membrane of the lungs and 
urinary tract, but while it is undoubtedly a remedy of much 
value, its odor is so unpleasant that it is seldom used. At one 
time it was a popular remedy in the treatment of gonorrhea, but 
for whatever purpose it is taken internally it is eliminated par- 
tially by the lungs, hence is conveyed by the breath. As stated, 
this objection has practically driven it out of use. Again, it has 
been learned that for the venereal disease mentioned other reme- 
dies applied directly to the seat of trouble are equally as valuable. 

Preparation. — Internally it is taken either in emulsion or 
capsule. 

Dose. — From 10 to 20 drops. 
For Disinfectant and Stimulating Purposes. 

BALSAM FI R — Terebinthi7ia Canadensis. — Native of 
United States and Canada. The principal source of supply for the 
United States is North and South Carolina. There are several 
species of this balsam and all forms contain a volatile oil. After 
the oil is distilled by means of heat the remaining substance 
constitutes the common resin of commerce. When first obtained 
from the plant or tree it is in a crude, oleoresinous state. It is 
then placed in a large still, heat applied, and the distilled product 
constitutes common turpentine, and the remaining drug, common 
resin, as stated. 

The uses of Turpentine and Resin are too common and well 
known to need description. Turpentine is sometimes used inter- 
nally in capillary bronchitis and in typhoid fever. It is a powerful 
disinfectant and stimulant. The dose extends all the way from 
10 drops to 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls given in the form of emulsion. 

For External Application, especially to Chronic Ulcers, and Internal 
Use in Chronic Bronchitis, Dysentery a?id Eczema. 

BALSAM OF PERU — Balsamum Peruvia?ium. 
Native of Brazil, and near the west coast of South America. 
Properties. — Balsam Peru is a general stimulant, exerting 
its influence mostly upon mucous membrane, hence is sometimes 



HERB RBMBDIBS. 517 

used as a stimulating expectorant in chronic bronchitis, dysen- 
tery, chilblains and chronic forms of eczema. Its principal use, 
however, is in dressing wounds, especially chronic ulcers and 
other conditions where healing does not take place readily. Its 
principal value in these cases lies both in its antiseptic and stim- 
ulating properties. 

Preparation. — When used internally the balsam is added to 
other ingredients forming the mixture, whether a cough syrup, 
a remedy for diarrhea, or other internal remedies. 

Dose. — The dose internally is from 10 to 20 drops. When 
used for dressing wounds, it may constitute from ten to fifty per 
cent of the application. 

For Chronic Bronchitis, Dysentery and Eczema. 

BALSAM TOLU — Balsamum Tolutanum. 

Native of Venezuela. 

Properties. — The properties of Balsam Tolu resemble those 
of Balsam Peru. It is a stimulating expectorant. Its flavor and 
taste render it more valuable for internal use. It is used for 
chronic inflammation and, like Peru, its favorable effect is on 
mucous membrane. 

Preparation. — The best form for internal use is Syrup of 
Tolu, although at the present time there is a preparation called 
Fluid Tolu which will readily mix with water, and this is some- 
times used instead of the syrup. 

Dose. — From x / 2 to 1 teaspoonful. 
For Goitre. 

BANANA ROOT. 

Native of the Tropics. 

Properties. — It is given internally for goitre, or bronchocele. 

Dose. — From 10 to 15 drops of the fluid extract every three 
hours. 

For Jaundice , Diarrhea, Dysentery, Fluxes, Malignant Fevers. 

BARBERRY — Berber is Vulgaris. — A shrub rising from four 
to~eight feet in height, with long, bending branches and many 
small thorns. L,eaves, an egg shape inverted and bristly- toothed; 
flowers, yellow and many on a stalk; berries, oblong and red, 
and hanging in loose bunches. 

The bark of the stem and root is highly esteemed in jaun- 
dice. For this purpose it is infused in hard cider and sweetened. 



518 FAVORITE MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

A syrup of the berries is also given in diarrhea, dysentery, fluxes 
and malignant fevers, and this syrup diluted makes an excellent 
drink for quenching thirst, abating heat and raising the strength, 
especially in bilious fevers. Of the infusion in hard cider for 
jaundice the dose is a fluid ounce (2 tablespoonfuls) four or 
five times a day. If the powdered bark is taken as a tonic, 
small doses are recommended; taken as a cathartic, a teaspoonful 
every two or three hours until it operates. For fluxes, diarrhea, 
dysentery, etc., the syrup, infusion or decoction may be taken as 
the stomach will bear. A jam of the berries is also made for 
table use. 

Fo? Headache, Vertigo, Epilepsy, Spasmodic Cough, etc. 

BASSWOOD— Tilia Glabra, called also Tiwa Tree, Lin- 
den Tree, Lime Tree, etc. — This is a forest tree, very large 
and beautiful, which attains to a great size and has broad leaves 
and yellowish- white flowers. The wood is white and soft, and 
when dry will swim on the water like cork. 

The leaves and bark of this tree are used as poultices, and 
the flowers are employed in infusion for headache, vertigo, 
epilepsy, spasmodic cough and other complaints. The infusion 
should be drank in quantities according to its effect. 

For Cankers, Scrofulous Tumors, etc. 

B A Y B E R R Y — Myrica Cerifera, called also Candle 
Berry, Wax Berry, Wax Myrtle, etc. — This plant is found 
growing more abundantly near large bodies of water, as, for 
instance, near the seashore or the Great Lakes. The flowers 
produce one-seeded nuts about the size of a pea, which are blackish 
and covered with a white waxy incrustation. 

It is an invaluable remedy for removing canker from the 
system in all chronic cases. It is also useful in poultices for old 
sores, scrofulous tumors, etc. A constant drink of Bayberry and 
Sumach bark is excellent for scrofula in almost any stage. The 
bark in infusion or decoction may be taken freely internally, and 
is used externally in poultices. 

For Diabetes, Inco?itinence of l/tine, Ulcers, Scrofulous Diseases, 
Dyspeptic Affections. 

BEECH — Fagus Ferruginea, called also Red BEECH, etc. 
— A decoction of the bark is used in diabetes, also for chil- 
dren's cases of incontinence of urine at night. A decoction of 
the leaves may be used with success in obstinate ulcers, skin 



HERB REM ED IES. 5 1 9 

diseases, and dyspeptic affections accompanied with weakness, 
headache, and low spirits. A dose of the decoction is a wine- 
glassful. 

For Ulcerous and Cancerous Affections ', Hemorrhage of the Bowels. 

BEECH DROPS — Epiphegus Virginianus, called also Can- 
cer Root, etc. — This plant is a parasite found growing upon 
the roots of the beech tree. It is of a yellowish white or brown 
color, and has a naked, sickly appearance. The root is bulbous 
and of a yellow color. The stem is from eight to fifteen inches 
high, has many branches, but in place of leaves is beset with 
short, scattering scales. It has numerous flowers, growing all 
along the branches just above the scales. It must be gathered 
before the frost touches it. 

Beech drops are astringent, and are used in ulcerous and 
cancerous affections. The roots and tops may be powdered and 
the powder sprinkled on the ulcer after the use of caustics, or a 
tea may be made and used as a wash. They are also combined 
with Crowfoot and Cherry bark as a remedy in hemorrhages 
of the bowels. This combination also makes an excellent gargle 
for ulcers of the mouth. 

BELLADONNA.— (See A Chapter on Medicines). 

For Wounds, Sores, Poisonous Bites, Sore Throat, Inflamed Eyes, 
Erysipelas. 

BELL WORT — Uvularia Perfoliata, called also Mohawk 
Weed. — The stalk rises from one-half to one and one-half feet 
high, and is usually divided into two equal branches at the top, 
on one of which is a triangular-shaped seed vessel. It has yellow 
flowers that come out in May. The roots are white and possess 
but little taste or smell. When the plant is young, it somewhat 
resembles the Solomon's Seal. It grows in rich soil and is found 
in nearly all the Western States. 

The Indians used it for wounds and sores and for the bites 
of rattlesnakes and other reptiles. It is also useful in sore mouth, 
in inflammation of the gums or larynx, and for inflamed eyes. 
When chewed and the juice swallowed, it is considered a cure for 
sore throat. The root in decoction may be taken freely, or 
powdered and made into an ointment or poultice for outward 
application. Also used in erysipelas. 

For Cholera Infantum, Diarrhea, Dvsenlerv, Affections of the 
Urinary Passages. 

BENE-BENNI, or BENNE — Sesamum Indicum, called 
also Oii,y Grain, etc. — This plant is a native of Egypt, but is 



520 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

cultivated in this country. It has a branching stem, four or five 
feet in height. The leaves vary in shape. The flowers are of a 
reddish white color. The fruit is an oblong capsule, containing 
small, oval, yellowish seeds. 

The leaves stirred into water make a fine mucilage, and this 
drink is much employed in cholera infantum, diarrhea, dysentery 
and affections of the urinary passages. One or two of the leaves 
stirred into half a pint of water make it sufficiently mucilagi- 
nous. 

For Syphilitic and Scrofulous Complaints, Salt Rheum, Acne, 
Eczema, etc. 

BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM. 

Native of Western United States. 

Properties. — This is one of the most important of the 
newly discovered remedies now in use. It is a powerful altera- 
tive, and at the same time is a tonic. In constitutional syphilis 
and in scrofulous complaints its use is attended with remarkably 
good results. In the case of syphilitic ulcerations it should be 
combined with suitable local treatment. In such case it improves 
the general tone of the system with a like favorable change in 
the condition of the ulcer. Salt rheum, acne, eczema, scrofula 
and other skin diseases yields to its influence. It is also useful 
in " liver complaint," Bright' s disease, pulmonary consumption, 
coughs, etc. It is also used in uterine troubles, and is combined 
with Cascara Sagrada in constipation. 

Dose. — From 2 to 6 drops of the fluid extract. 

For Hemorrhages, Lung Diseases, Asthma, Cough, Leucorrhea, 
Ulcers, Carbuncles, Snake Bites, after Confinement. 

BETHROOT — Trillium Purpureum, called also Birth 
Root, Ground Iyii,Y, I^amb's Quarter, Indian Bai<m, Three- 
Leaved Nightshade, etc. — This plant rises about a foot in 
height, and has three leaves, nearly as broad as long, at the top 
of the stem, from between which springs a single, bell-shaped 
flower, purple or white in color and of a fishy odor. It grows in 
damp, shady places, blossoming in the Southern States in April, 
and farther north, in May. See illustration. 

It is taken internally for hemorrhages — where the urine 
voided contains blood, hemorrhage of the womb or immoderate 
menstrual evacuations, spitting of blood, etc. — for lung diseases, 
asthma, cough. Also employed in leucorrhea. An infusion is 
made by adding a pint of boiling water to a tablespoonful of the 
powder, and may be drank freely; or the powdered root may be 



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HBRB REM ED IBS. 5 2 1 

given in doses of ^ to 1 teaspoonful. In checking hemorrhages 
the powder may be added to Raspberry leaf tea instead of water, 
and the infusion made strong. Of this from 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls 
may be given at a dose and increased gradually if necessary. 
Externally it is used as a poultice for tumors, ulcers, car- 
buncles and mortifications, and for this purpose is often 
combined with blood root. Combined with blood root as a tonic 
and given after a cathartic, it is said to be a certain cure for 
inflamed carbuncles and ulcers. It is also claimed that chewing 
the root and swallowing the juice will cure the bite of a rattle- 
snake, either in men or cattle. The infusion was much used by 
Indian women after confinement. In the case of leucorrhea it 
should be used in injections as well as taken internally. 

For Dyspepsia, Costiveness, Liver Complaint, Gravel, Dropsy, 
Consumptive Coughs, Asthma, Whooping Cough. 

BINDWEED — Convolvulus Panduratus, called also Man 
Root, Man-in-the- Ground, Wild Scammony, Wild Potato, 
Wild Rhubarb. — A trailing vine that grows all over the United 
States in loose, sandy soils. The root is milky inside and runs 
deep into the earth. The flowers are funnel-form, large and 
white with a purple tinge. The leaves are pointed, heart-shaped, 
and sometimes contracted near the middle, making them some- 
what resemble a fiddle. 

A celebrated Indian remedy. The root powdered, in doses 
of from 10 to 12 grains, or taken in decoction, is employed in 
dyspepsia, costiveness, liver complaints, gravel and dropsy. 
Made into a syrup with Balm of Gilead buds and Skunk Cabbage, 
it is very beneficial in consumptive coughs, asthma and 
whooping cough. 

For Hemorrhage, Diarrhea, Chronic Dysentery, Leucorrhea, Gleet, 
Spongy Gums, Discharging Ulcers. 

BISTORT — Polygonum Bistorta, called also Great 
Bistort, Snake Weed, Patience Dock, etc. — This is a 
troublesome weed found in meadows. The root is creeping, 
woody and crooked and about the thickness of the finger, reddish 
within and surrounded with slender fibers of a brownish black 
color on the outside. The single stem rises to a height of from 
twelve to eighteen inches. The leaves are egg-shaped, of a 
bright green color, and on the under side are covered with a fine 
white powder, which easily rubs off. The stem ends in a spike 
of rose-colored flowers. The root, which is the part used in 
medicine, is without odor, but is very astringent to the taste. 

The powdered root in doses of ^ to 1 teaspoonful is found 
useful in hemorrhage, diarrhea and chronic dysentery. The 



522 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

decoction is also employed as an astringent injection in leucorrhea 
and gleet, as a gargle in spongy gums and sore throat, and as a 
wash for discharging ulcers. The decoction is also taken intern- 
ally, the dose being from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls three or four 
times a day. 

For Blood Purification and Bilious Diseases. 

BITTER DOCK — Rumex Obtusifolius , called also Broad- 
Leaved Dock and Blunt- Leaved Dock. — This plant is similar 
in growth to the yellow or narrow-leaved dock. The leaves are 
broad, and spring from the stem one in a place, the same as the 
narrow-leaved variety. The root is thick and branching, brown 
on the outside and yellow within. It flowers a month later than 
the yellow dock. It grows about two feet in height. 

It is used similar to the Yellow Dock. 

For Use as a Tonic. 

BITTER ROOT — Apocynum Cannabinum, called also 
American Ipecac, Black Indian Hemp, Indian Physic, etc. 
This plant is a native of the United States. It grows in meadows 
and low, moist woods. The stems are of a reddish color and 
grow about two feet in height. The leaves are numerous and 
hang on foot-stalks. The flowers form a loose, long cluster at 
the ends of the stems. They are whitish, similar to Buckwheat, 
and terminate in pods resembling cucumbers. The root is a 
branching tuber. 

The plant is emetic, cathartic, tonic and diuretic. It is a 
safe and effective emetic given in doses of 30 grains of the 
powder; given in smaller doses, of from 3 to 4 grains at a time, it 
acts as a tonic — gives tone to the stomach and is useful in 
dyspepsia. It is also given in small doses in dropsy, in which 
disease it will often cause large discharges of water and copious 
perspiration. Its principal use, however, is as a tonic, for which 
purpose it may be combined with other herbs that have tonic 
properties. 

For Scrofula and Skin Diseases, Tumors, Ulcers \ Liver Complaint. 

BITTERSWEET — Solanum Dulcamara, called also 
Woody Nightshade and Bittersweet Nightshade. — This 
is an undershrub or vine, woody at the base, with soft stem, 
leaves in bunches at the joints, and purple flowers that blossom in 
June and July and are followed by scarlet berries. Usually 
found in moist situations, especially on rise of ground in swampy 
localities. See illustration. 

This herb is not taken internal^ to any great extent unless 
combined with other remedies. Used in combination with 




BITTERSWEET. 

(See Description.) 

This herb is used in Scrofulous aud Skin Diseases, in Livei 
Comtiiamt, and for Tumors and Ulcers. 



HERB REMEDIES. 523 

Yellow Dock, equal parts of each, a decoction or syrup may be 
made of the twigs and leaves which is very beneficial in scrofu- 
lous diseases, skin diseases, hard tumors, ill-conditioned ulcers 
and liver complaints. The decoction also makes an excellent 
wash for ulcerous sores and skin diseases. 

For Intermittent and Bilious Fevers, Debility, Dropsies, Gangrene, 
Pulmonary Affections, Bleeding Piles, Worms. 

BLACK ALDER — Prinos Verticillatus , called also Fever 
Bush, Winterberry, etc. — Commonly grows in bunches six or 
eight feet in height, and is usually found in thickets on the edge 
of pools and marshy places. It has small white flowers, growing 
in tufts and appearing with the leaves. These are followed by 
bunches of berries of a bright red color, about the size of a pea 
and bitter and unpleasant to the taste. The bark is moderately 
bitter. 

This plant has been very successfully used in intermittent 
and bilious fevers. It is a good tonic in cases of debility, also in 
dropsies, and gangrene in the early stages. A decoction or 
infuson may be taken in doses from ^ to a full teacupful. 
The decoction is made by boiling 2 ounces of the bark in 3 pints 
of water down to a quart. It also makes a useful wash in 
obstinate skin diseases. The berries infused in Brandy are used 
in pulmonary affections and bleeding piles, and in simple infusion 
or decoction are given to children for worms. 

Fot Chronic Diarrhea, Dysentery, Cholera Infantum, Summer 
Complaint, Cholera Morbus. 

BLACKBERRY — Rubus Occidentalis, called also Thimble- 
berry, etc. — The bark of the root of this plant made into a 
syrup is exceedingly valuable in chronic diarrhea, dysentery, 
cholera infantum, summer complaint and cholera morbus. In 
these diseases it often proves a sovereign remedy when all other 
preparations fail. Combined with Black Cohosh, it makes an 
excellent injection in leucorrhea and falling of the womb. 

The bark of the root of this plant may be given in powder, 
infusion, decoction or syrup. The most common, and perhaps 
the best way to take it, is in decoction, which is made by adding 
1 ounce of the bruised root to a pint of water. Dose, from 2 to 
4 tablespoonfuls three or four times a day. 

Fot Bowel Complaints and Digestion. 

BLACK BIRCH— Betula Lenta, called also SwEET Birch, 
Spicy Birch, Cherry Birch, etc. — This tree, which rises from 
twenty to forty feet in height, grows in low, swampy woods. 



524 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

The bark in decoction is tonic and astringent, and is useful 
in all complaints of the bowels and cases of diarrhea. Made 
into a syrup with Peach meats, or Cherry-stone meats, it is an 
excellent remedy to promote digestion and to use as a gentle 
restorative. 

For Confinement, Disorders of Me?istruation, Rheumatism, Inflam- 
mations, Whooping Cough. 

BLACK COHOS H — Cimicifuga Racemosa, called also 
Squaw Root, Black Snake Root, Richweed, Rattleweed, 
etc. — This plant is found growing all over the eastern half of the 
United States and in Canada, and was made use of by all the 
Indian tribes. It is generally found in open woods and rich 
soils, and grows to a height of from three to eight feet. It is not 
common in rocky and stony places, and is very scarce in moist 
and swampy soils. It has a thick, brownish root with long 
fibers. It has but few leaves. Its flowers are scattered along 
stems which are from one to three feet long, and are followed 
by a blackish capsule which contains many seeds. See illustra- 
tion. 

It was largely used by the Indians for rheumatism, and by 
the Indian women in confinement, hence the name of Squaw 
Root. Also used by them for disorders of menstruation. A 
strong decoction of this plant, combined with Slippery Kim bark, 
forms a good poultice for every kind of inflammation. A syrup 
of the root is a valuable remedy for coughs. It is an astringent, 
and useful for bowel complaints, especially those of children. As 
an astringent, a strong tea or infusion should be taken. This 
infusion may also be used as a gargle. Cohosh is also employed 
as a remedy for whooping cough. For this purpose it is usually 
given in tincture. For a child one year old, the dose is from 5 
to 10 drops four or five times a day; three to four years old, from 
15 to 20 drops in a little sweetened water. The tincture is 
prepared by adding a pint of spirits to 2 ounces of the pulverized 
root. The plant may also be used in decoction. 

For Uterine Tonic. 

BLACK HAW — Vibernum Pruni folium. 

Native of Eastern United States. 

Properties. — Held in high esteem as a uterine tonic and 
sedative. It is especially valuable in threatened abortion and as 
a corrective of the chronic disposition to miscarry. In the latter 
class of cases it should be given continuously in moderate doses 
for at least a month prior to the usual time at which the miscar- 
riage takes place. In dysmenorrhea due to almost every cause 
it may be prescribed with benefit, commencing its administration 




BLOOD ROOT. 

(See Description.) 
This herb is used internally as a Tonic or Emetic, and is applied 
externally to Ulcers, Ringworm and Ill-conditioned Sores. 



HERB REMEDIES. 525 

some days before the menstrual crisis. In after-pains and uterine 
hemorrhages it is also valuable. It is a most useful drug in 
menorrhagia or metorrhagia. The most common form of admin- 
istering it is the fluid extract in % to 1 teaspoonful doses. The 
principal objection to this form is its disagreeable taste, but that 
can be disguised in a great measure by giving it in Cinnamon 
water. The amount of Valerianic Acid which the fluid extract 
contains renders it more of a sedative than the solid extract. 
Where the disagreeable taste is objectionable, the solid extract 
may be given in doses varying from 3 to 8 grains. It is well to 
begin its use, in cases of menorrhagia, several days preceding the 
flow, and continue its administration through its duration and 
after its cessation. 

Dose. — ^ to 1 fluidrachm (teaspoonful) Fluid Extract Black 
Haw several times a day. 

For Tonic and Emetic Purposes , and to Cause Sweating. 

BLESSED THISTLE — Centaurea Benedicta, called also 
Holy Thistle, Spotted Thistle, Spotted Cardus, etc. — 
This plant grows spontaneously in the southern countries of 
Europe, but has become naturalized in this country. It was 
formerly held in such high repute that it obtained the name of 
"Blessed Thistle" and was given for the plague, worms, and 
various other diseases; also in cases of obstinate ulcers and even 
cancers. It is now but little employed, but is a useful medicine. 

A strong decoction or infusion of this plant will induce 
vomiting. An infusion not so strong, taken warm, produces 
perspiration, while 6 drachms (teaspoonfuls) of the leaves added 
to a pint of cold water makes a very beneficial tonic in loss of 
appetite and dyspepsia. It answers about the same purpose as 
Chamomile, which is now usually given in place of it. 

The dose of the powder as a tonic is from ^ to 1 teaspoon- 
Ail; of the infusion, 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls. 

For External Application to Ulcers, Ringworms and Ill-co?iditioned 
Sores; for Internal Use as a Tonic or Emetic. 

BLOOD ROOT — Sanguinaria Ca?iadensis, called also Red 
Puccoon, Red Root, etc. — This plant is found growing in low 
grounds among rocks, in meadows, etc. The root is a tuber 
about the size of the finger. It is reddish externally, and when 
cut a juice of a reddish orange color is discharged. See illustra- 
tion. 

This plant is capable of producing tonic, stimulant and 
emetic effects, according to the dose and form in which it is 
administered. In doses of from 8 to 20 grains it causes nausea 



526 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

and vomiting, and in doses not sufficient to cause nausea it acts 
as a stimulant and tonic. It may be applied externally, either 
as a powder or as a wash, to ill-conditioned ulcers, ringworm 
and other eruptive diseases. The powder will also remove fun- 
gous growths, and even soft polypus. It should not be given to 
pregnant women. A Wine tincture, made by adding i ounce of 
the pulverized root to a quart of Wine, and taken in doses of a 
wineglassful three times a day, is beneficial in eruptions and 
impurities of the blood. In malignant scarlet fever add from % 
to i teaspoonful to i quart of boiling water, strain the infusion 
and sweeten with honey. For a child of from two to four years 
old the dose is a teaspoonful, repeated every hour through the 
day if the child can bear it. If the surface gets broken and 
becomes ulcerated, wash the parts with the same infusion. 

For Dropsy, Venereal Diseases. 

BLUE CARDINAL FLOWER— Lo&elia Syphilitica.— Is 
of the same genus as the Iyobelia. Grows in moist places from 
eighteen inches to three feet in height, bears a long, spiked blue 
flower, and yields a milky juice with a rank odor. The root, 
consisting of white fibers, is generally used in decoction, of 
which the dose is from ^ to i wineglassful three times a day. 

Used by the Indians with great success in the cure of vene- 
real diseases. It is said the Indians combined this plant with the 
roots of the Mandrake and the bark of Wild Cherry in making a 
decoction for syphilis, and at the same time dusted the ulcers 
with the powdered bark of New Jersey tea. Also valuable in 
dropsy. 

Fot Confinement and Female Complai7tts, Neivous Excitement ', Hys- 
terical Affections, Epilepsy, Dropsy, Rheumatism. 

BLUE COHOSH — Caulophyllum Thalictroides , called 
also Papoose Root, Squaw Root, Bum Bkrry, etc. — Grows 
from one to three feet high, and has a hard, knobby, branched 
root that is brown outside and yellow inside. The stem divides 
at the top into three branches, each of which has three leaves; 
the flower stem springs from the same joint as the leaf stems. 
The flowers are small and of a yellowish or purplish green, 
and produce a berry of deep blue color, something like sour 
grapes. It grows throughout the United States, but is usually 
found on low, rich ground near streams, in swamps, or on 
islands that have been overflowed with water. 

An exceedingly valuable remedy in female complaints. The 
Indian women make a tea or infusion of the root which they 
drink for two or three weeks before confinement, the effect, it is 
said, being to make delivery rapid and comparatively painless. 



HERB REMEDIES. 527 

It is used in suppression of the menses, leucorrhea and similar 
diseases, nervous excitement and epilepsy, hysterical affections 
and dropsy. Usually taken in infusion or decoction, and may be 
drank freely. It is also made use of in rheumatism, for which a 
preparation is made of 2 ounces of the Cohosh root to 1 ounce of 
Blood Root infused in proof spirits and taken in wineglassful 
doses three times a day. 

For Dropsy r , Liver Complaint, Sore Mouth, Ulcers , Worms, Felon. 

BLUE FLAG — his Versicolor, called also Flower de 
Luce, Flag Lily, Snake Lily, Liver Lily, etc. — Found 
throughout the United States in the borders of swamps and in 
wet meadows. Flowers in June. 

The fresh dried root given in doses of 6 to 8 grains, night 
and morning, proves gently laxative and eradicates the most 
inveterate taint of the system. Given as a cathartic, the dose is 
about 20 grains. The root in decoction is good in dropsy, liver 
complaint, sore mouth and ulcers. The leaves in infusion, or a 
syrup made from the blossoms, is a good medicine for worms in 
children and for loosening the bowels. An obstinate case of 
dropsy was cured by an infusion of equal quantities of Blue Flag 
and Male Fern root taken three times a day, taking occasionally 
with it a little white wine. The fresh root pounded to a pulp 
makes one of the best poultices that can be applied to a felon. 

Fot the Eruptive Diseases, Coughs, Sore Throat and Constipation of 
Children. 

BLUE VIOLET — Viola Cucullata. — This is a well-known 
little plant that grows on rich, moist land, has blossoms of a blue- 
violet color and a small root about an inch in length. 

A decoction of this plant is given to children in eruptive 
diseases, and a syrup made of the petals may be given them for 
cough, sore throat and constipation. 

For Fevers, Influenza, Rheumatism, Dropsy. 

BONESET — Eupatorium Perfoliatum. — Called also Thor- 

OUGHWORT, FEVERWORT, SWEATING PLANT, CROSSWORT, 

Indian Sage, Ague Weed, Vegetable Antimony, etc. — 
Boneset grows most commonly in meadows and swamps near 
streams. It is easily recognized by its leaves, which are joined 
together around the stem, giving the effect of being perforated by 
the stem. The whole plant has a grayish-green color, and the 
flowers are of a pale white. The leaves are woolly beneath and 
rough above, and taper from where they are joined down to a 



528 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

sharp point, being from three to eight inches long. The seeds 
are black and oblong. The plant possesses little smell, but is 
exceedingly bitter to the taste. 

Boneset is particularly valuable in fevers — intermittent, 
remittent and continued fevers. A cold infusion or decoction 
may be given as a tonic. A warm infusion ma}' be given as an 
emetic, or to assist the action of other emetics. It is also recom- 
mended for influenza, and may be given with advantage in 
rheumatism and dropsy. It may be taken freely, a teacupful 
at a time. 

For Bilious Disorders, Jaundice, Low Spirits, Intermittent Fevers. 

BOXWOOD, or DOGWOOD— Cornus Florida.— This tree 
is found throughout the United States, but more plentifully in 
the Middle and Southern States. In the months of April, 
May and June, according to its latitude, it is covered with a 
profusion of large, elegant white flowers. 

The bark of the root, stems and smaller branches is used 
(that of the root is best) and is a valuable remedy in bilious 
disorders, jaundice and low spirits. In the case of intermittent 
fevers the dose is from Ys to i teaspoonful of the dried bark, 
which is greatly preferable to the fresh bark as the fresh 
disagrees with the stomach, repeating so that from i to 2 table- 
spoonfuls may be taken between the attacks. For the infu- 
sion, take 1 ounce of the bark to a pint of boiling water. The 
ripe fruit infused in spirits makes an excellent tonic bitters. 

For Consumption, Menses, Scurvy. 

BROOK-LIME — Veronica Beccabunga, called also Becca- 
bunga. — Found in ditches. Grows to the height of nine to 
eighteen inches. Has blue flowers, no odor, and is insipid to the 
taste. 

The herb in infusion is used in scurvy and to purify the 
blood, without much regard as to dose. The fresh plant may 
be eaten as food, or the juice may be taken in large quantities 
with advantage for these complaints. It is a valuable remedy 
for indigestion and consumption, and in the form of bitters is 
good to regulate the menses. 

For Urinary Complaints, Rheumatism, Dyspepsia, etc. 

BUCHU. 

Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 

Properties. — The value of this plant as a medicine was first 
learned from the Hottentots. The leaves are used principally in 
urinary complaints, as gravel, chronic catarrh of the bladder, 



HERB REMEDIES. 529 

etc. They are also recommended in chronic rheumatism, dys- 
pepsia and skin affections. They may be given in powder, infu- 
sion or tincture. 

Dose. — Of the powder, from 20 to 30 grains two or three 
times a day; of the infusion, made by adding an ounce of the 
leaves to a pint of boiling water, from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls. 

For Scurvy, Hypochondria, Rheumatism, Ague, Shingles, as a 
Tonic. 

BUCKBEAN — Me?iyanthes Trifoliata, called also Bitter- 
worm, Marsh Trefoil and Water Shamrock. — Grows from 
six to twelve inches high in swamps and stagnant waters all 
over the northern part of the country. It blossoms in May and 
June and bears many white flowers, which are tipped externally 
with red and fringed with white filaments within. 

It is a tonic, good in scurvy, hypochondria, rheumatism, 
ague, also in shingles and other eruptions of a herpetic (ring- 
worm) nature. An infusion is made of the dried leaves, 1 ounce 
of the leaves to a pint of boiling water, of which from 2 to 4 
tablespoonfuls may be taken two or three times a day. 

For Coughs, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Soreness of the Stomach and 
Bowels. 

BUCKTHORN BRAKE— Osmunda Regalis.—^hSs is 
found in meadows and low, moist grounds. The main root is 
about two inches long, and somewhat in the shape of a horn. The 
stems are smooth, slender and brownish, and grow about three 
feet high. The flowers grow in a cluster at the top of the stem, 
and are succeeded by numerous seed vessels which are at first 
green and subsequently of a brownish color. The roots should 
be collected in August, or about the first of April, and should be 
dried with care, as otherwise there is danger of their becoming 
mouldy. 

A mucilage is obtained from the roots by steeping them in 
hot water, and this, with the addition of loaf sugar, Ginger, 
Brandy, etc., makes an excellent jelly, which is useful in coughs, 
diarrhea, dysentery, and soreness of the stomach and bowels; 
also beneficial in convalescence from any sickness. The ordinary 
dose is ^2 wineglassful, which may be frequently repeated. 
The mucilage mixed with Brandy is also used as an external 
application for sprains and weakness of the back. 

For Coughs, Consumption, III- Conditioned Sores. 

BUGLE WEED — Lycopus Virginicus, called also Water 
Horehound, Water Bugle, Gypsy wort, etc. — Found grow- 
34 



530 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

ing near water — in ditches, creeks, swamps, etc. It has white 
flowers that blossom from July to September. The leaves grow 
opposite each other on the stem, two in a place. 

The leaves and stems are used in infusion, which may be 
drank freely. Useful in coughs, in bleeding of the lungs, and in 
consumption in its incipient state (the beginning of). It is also 
a good drink and wash for patients having ill-conditioned sores. 

For Kidney Diseases , Salt Rheum, Herpes, Ulcers, Skin Diseases, 
Rheumatism. 

BURDOCK — Arctium Lappa. — This plant has been natu- 
ralized in this country, and grows abundantly along the sides of 
roads, etc., to the height of about three feet. It is well known 
by the burrs or heads which adhere to the clothes. 

A decoction made by boiling 2 ounces of the fresh root in 3 
pints of water down to 2 pints, may be given in diseases of the 
kidneys and obstruction of the urine, and especially for dropsy, 
1 pint to be taken in the course of twenty-four hours. It is also 
given in decoction in salt rheum, herpes, ulcers, rheumatism, and 
all diseases of the skin. The leaves bruised with a roller and 
moistened with hot drops form an excellent application for 
sprains, bruises and other external injuries. In gouty affections 
where the feet are swelled, the same application is of benefit. 

For Poisoning by Ivy, Inflammation of the Bladder, and Kidney 
Diseases. 

BUSH HONEYSUCKLE— DierviUa Canadensis, called 
also Gravel Weed. — Bears a yellow flower and is common all 
over the Northern States. 

A few applications in the case of poisoning by ivy will 
relieve the itching and check the inflammation and swelling. A 
cold infusion of the leaves and twigs drank freely is a useful 
remedy in inflammation of the bladder with gravelly deposits, 
hence the name of Gravel Weed. 

For Cathartic Purposes. 

BUTTERNUT — Juglans Cinetia, called also White 
Walnut. — This is a common, well-known tree in the United 
States. An extract of the inner bark in doses of from 15 to 30 
grains operates as an active cathartic without causing heat or 
irritation, and is not so liable to leave the bowels in a costive 
state as many other cathartics. The bark for making the 
extract should be procured in May or June. 



HERB REMEDIES. 5 3 1 

For Affections of the Urinary Organs and Snake Bites. 

BUTTON SNAKE ROOT— Liatns Spicata, called also 
Gay Feather, Corn Snake Root, etc. — This is a native of 
our Western prairies. It has a round stalk, sometimes growing 
two feet high, with leaves scattered along it, and growing from 
the top a ball as large as a musket ball, thickly covered with white 
bloom. The root consists of a knob an inch long, and appears 
as if decayed or rotted off. In taste it resembles the Black 
Snake Root. 

In large doses it acts upon the urinary organs, promoting 
the secretion and discharge of urine. Also beneficial in chronic 
inflammation of the urinary organs attended with mucous 
discharges. For this purpose it is best given in decoction, made 
by boiling an ounce of the root in 1^ pints of water until 
reduced to a pint, which is to be drank in the course of twenty- 
four hours. Taken in smaller doses, it is a stimulant and tonic, 
but for this purpose it is better made into a tincture, prepared by 
adding 2 ounces of the bruised root to a pint of Wine or diluted 
Alcohol, the dose of which is a tablespoonful three times a day. 
The root, chewed and laid on the wound, is said to be an 
infallible cure for the bite of venomous reptiles. If this can be 
done when first bitten, it prevents the parts from swelling. A 
decoction of the plant in milk should be taken internally at the 
same time. 

For Dropsy, Intestinal Worms , Obstructed Menstruation, Bites of 
Serpents. 

CAINCA ROOT. 
Native of Brazil. 

Properties. — Cainca is mainly employed in the treatment 
of dropsies, for which purpose it has been found very useful. 
It is also recommended in the treatment of intestinal worms and 
in obstructed menstruation. It is much used by the natives for 
the bites of poisonous serpents and in rheumatic pains. 

Dose. — From 1 to 3 teaspoon fuls a day of a decoction of the 
root. 

For Nervous Diseases, Bowel Complaints, Neuralgia, etc. 

CALIFORNIA L A U R E L— Umbellula? ia Californica, 
called also California Olive, Cajeput Tree, Spice Bush, 
Spice Tree, Pepperwood Tree, Mountain Laurel, Balm 
of Heaven, California Sassafras and Bay Tree. 

Native of California. 



532 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Properties. — Will be found useful in nervous headache by 
inhaling the odor from the pressed leaves, care being taken not 
to continue it after relieved. Also much used in cerebro-spinal 
meningitis. It is useful as a stimulant, and used in bowel 
troubles, especially when resulting from constitutional debility. 
Also used in muscular cramps, chills and fever, rheumatism, 
neuralgia, and is very useful in stopping earache or toothache, 
a pledget of cotton being saturated with the fluid extract, or oil, 
and applied. 

Dose. — 10 to 20 drops of the fluid extract. 
CALISAYA. — (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
Fot Netvous Affections. 

CAMPHOR— Camphora. 

Native of Sumatra, China and Japan. 

Properties.— Camphor in small doses is a mild stimulant, 
and may aid sometimes in relieving nervousness and excitement 
by increasing the physical powers. In the same way it some- 
times aids in relieving headache, palpitation and hiccough. At 
one time it enjoyed some reputation as a remedy in epilepsy and 
typhoid conditions, also in cholera during the early stages, but it 
is not now much used internally. Given in large doses, it is 
depressing. It is eliminated rapidly, hence its effects are 
transient. Its principal use is in liniments and in the well-known 
Spirits of Camphor. In the form of liniment it is sometimes used 
in neuralgic pains. Applied in strong solution it is a counter- 
irritant, and is often added to other strong counter-irritants to 
produce blistering. When Spirits of Camphor is inhaled it 
seems to produce the same effect as when taken internally. 

Dose. — Taken internally, from 1 to 3 grains of the Camphor 
"gum." 

For Flatulencv, Colic. 

CARAWAY — Carum Carui. — Has a spindle-shaped root, 
a stalk rising to the height of about two feet, and numerous 
white or pale flesh-colored flowers. Cultivated in gardens. 

Caraway seeds generally afford a considerable relief to per- 
sons afflicted with flatulency or liable to colic. Of the seeds in 
substance, the dose is from ^ to 1 teaspoonful. The infusion is 
made of 2 teaspoonfuls to a pint of boiling water. Of the oil the 
dose is from 1 to 10 drops. 



HERB REMEDIES. 533 

For Wind Colic and Indigestion. 

CARDAMON- — Ellettaria Cardamomum. 
Native of Malabar, Ceylon and the West Indies. 

Properties. — The seeds of this plant are pleasant to the 
taste, and are warming and stimulating to the stomach, aiding in 
digestion and acting as a nervine as well. Also valuable in wind 
colic. 

Dose. — Of the powdered seeds, from 5 to 10 grains; of the 
tincture, from 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls. 

For Syphilis and Syphilitic Ulcers. 

CAROBA — Jacaranda Procera. 

Native of Brazil. 

Properties. — Is a valuable and effective cure for syphilis. 
May be combined advantageously with Iodide of Potassium in 
cases where there are pains in the limbs. Its principal use, how- 
ever, is external application to obstinate syphilitic ulcers. The 
leaves were used by the Indians for wounds and skin diseases, 
and were also used by the Portuguese for this purpose. 

Dose. — % to 1 teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 

For Kidney and Bladder Complaints — Obstructed Menses — Dysen- 
tery — Chronic Coughs — Hiccoughs — Flatulent Disorders — 
Ulcers and Fissures. 

CARROT — Daucus Carota. — Called also Bird's Nest, 
Bee's Nest, etc. — Wild carrot is a common weed in this coun- 
try, growing by waysides and in old fields. It is similar to gar- 
den carrot except that the stalks are whiter and rougher. See 
illustration. 

Given in strong decoction it is very useful in gravel com- 
plaints and in the passage of stone from the kidneys and 
bladder. Also used in cancerous ulcers and fissures of the 
nipples. The seeds are useful in flatulent disorders, obstructed 
menses, hiccough, chronic coughs and dysentery. The dose of 
the bruised seeds is from % to yi teaspoonful or more; or a strong 
tea or decoction of the seeds may be drank freely warm. 

Of the cultivated carrot the root only is used, and, freshly 
scraped, is an excellent application to sloughing and cancerous 
ulcers. 

CASCARA SAGRADA.— (See A Chapter on Medi- 
cines) . 



534 FA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

For Debility of the Stomach and Bowels. 

CASCARILLA. 

Native of Bahama Islands in West Indies. 

Properties. — The bark of this plant is a pleasant and stimu- 
lant stomachic, used in dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea, dysentery 
flatulent colic, and other cases of debility of the stomach 
and bowels. It is often combined with the more powerful bitters 
and used for the same purposes. 

Dose. — Given in powder, the dose is from *A to }4 teaspoon- 
ful or more, and may be taken several times a day. 

Fo? Cathartic Purposes. 

CASTOR BEAN — Ricinus Communis. 

Native of East Indies and Northern Africa. 

Properties. — The seeds of the Castor Bean are expressed 
and yield an oil termed Castor Oil. Castor Oil is one of the most 
common cathartics in use, and, being mild and certain in its 
action, is largely used. It is excellent in relieving obstinate 
constipation, colic, strangulated hernia and piles on account of 
the mildness of its action. Taken in minute doses the oil often 
cures obstinate coughs. This plant is now extensively cultivated 
in the United States. 

Dose. — For infants and small children, i teaspoonful of Cas- 
tor Oil; for adults, i tablespoonful. 

Note. — A preparation of Castor Oil that is now much used is Laxol (see 
Index). In this preparation, which is ninety-nine per cent Castor Oil, the 
nauseating and unpleasant taste of the oil is disguised. 

For Hysterical and Nervous Affections. 

CATNIP — Nepeta Cata?ia, called also Catmint, Cat- 
wort, etc. — Catnip is too common a plant to need description, 
either as to appearance or use. " Catnip tea " is given in colds 
and to produce perspiration, and makes a very valuable drink in 
hysterical and nervous affections, as well as in all diseases of the 
womb except inflammation. It is much given to infants to 
relieve flatulency and colicky pains. It is also much used exter- 
nally in poultices. 

Fo? Stimulating Digestion, Checking Vomiting of Drunkards t 
Delirium Tremens a?id Local Application. 

CAYENNE PEPPER, or CAPSICUM — Capsicum 
Annuum. 

Native of South and Central America, Africa and Europe. 



HERB REMEDIES. 535 

Properties. — Capsicum is an irritant and local stimulant. 
When taken internally in moderate doses, it produces a sense of 
warmth, increases the secretions of the stomach and thus aids 
digestion. It is often used to check the vomiting of drunkards 
and the condition present following an attack of delirium tre- 
mens. There are various forms for its administration. A very- 
good one for the conditions just mentioned is to add a consider- 
able quantity to some form of soup. It is recommended by some 
as one of the few remedies to stimulate the nervous system in 
those who are trying to break off the habit of alcoholic liquors. 
Its continuous local application is said to be strong enough to 
cause blistering. The Tincture of Capsicum is frequently used 
in liniments for rheumatism, neuralgia, headache, flatulent colic, 
etc. The powder is also much used to sprinkle over the surface 
of plasters applied externally. 

Dose. — From 5 drops to % teaspoonful of Tincture of Cap- 
sicum, well diluted. 

For Poisonous Bites , Hydrophobia, Dyspeptic Affections, Cholera 
Morbus, Neuralgia and Gout. 

CEDRON SEED — Simaruba Cedron. 

Native of South America. 

Properties. — Reputed of value as a remedy for bites of 
insects and serpents; for hydrophobia; and of service in inter- 
mittent fever, spasm of the bowels and stomach, dyspeptic affec- 
tions, cholera morbus, neuralgia of the face and gout. For 
serpent bites it is recommended to administer the fluid extract in 
6-drop doses and to dress the bite with the fluid extract. It is 
rarely necessary to repeat the dose. 

Dose. — From 1 to 8 drops of the fluid extract. 

For Warts, Ringworm and Old Ulcers. 

CELANDIN E — Chelidonium Majus. — Grows in marshy 
places, stands two to three feet high, and has round, green, watery 
stalks with large joints, very brittle and transparent. The leaves 
are large, notched around the edges and very tender. The 
flowers are yellow and consist of four petals. After these come 
long pods which when pressed by the fingers instantly fly into 
pieces. 

The juice of this plant rubbed on warts will remove them. 
It is also useful in curing ringworm and for cleansing old ulcers. 
The roots, boiled in hog's lard, make a valuable ointment for 
piles and salt rheum. At the same time a tincture of the Celan- 
dine should be taken. This is prepared by digesting 1 ounce of 
the plant in a pint of spirits (see Tinctures) . 



536 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Pulmonary Consumption, Hysterics, Colics, Gout, Vomiting in 
Confinement, etc. 

CHAMOMILE — Anthemis Nobilis, called also Roman 
Chamomile. — This plant is not a native of this country, but 
is cultivated here for medical purposes. It grows nearly a foot 
in height, and has slender, trailing, hairy stems. The flowers 
are yellow in the center, surrounded by a ray of white petals. 
See illustration. 

The flowers have a strong, spicy smell, and a bitter, 
nauseous taste. They are useful in pulmonary consumption, 
hysteria, spasmodic and flatulent colics, in gout, intermittent and 
typhus fevers, and in vomiting of women in pregnancy. For 
derangement of the stomach and digestive organs no better bitter 
can be given. They may be given in warm infusion, or in cases 
of debility may be made into a tincture with Wine. Boiled in 
milk or vinegar, they may be applied as a fomentation to painful 
swellings of the glands in any portion of the body. 

For Bronchitis, Winter Cough, etc. 

CHEKAN — Eugenia Cheken. 

Native of Chili. 

Properties. — Introduced from Chili as a remedy in chronic 
catarrhal inflammation of the mucous lining of the respiratory 
organs. Dr. Murrell, of London, especially commends it in 
winter cough, that annoying and obstinate affection of elderly 
people. Dr. Dessaur, of the German hospital of Valparaiso, 
speaks highly of its effects in the purulent form of bronchitis, 
and others who have tested its virtues recommend it as a valu- 
able addition to the list of remedies in chronic bronchitis. 

Dose. — From i to 3 teaspoonfuls of the fluid extract. 

For External Application to Inflammatory Swellings. 

CHICKWEED — Cerastium Vulgatmn. — This is a common 
plant that springs up spontaneously and has to be weeded out of 
gardens. 

It is principally used as an ointment for application to inflam- 
matory swellings. Combined with Klecampane, the Germans 
consider it a specific for hydrophobia. 

For Stomach Tonic and Bowel Complaints, a?id to disguise the taste 
and smell of other remedies. 

CINNAMON — Cinnamomum. 
Native of Island of Ceylon. 

Properties. — Cinnamon is a very pleasant and grateful 
aromatic. It is stimulating and warming to the stomach, and 




CHAMOMILE. 

(See Description.) 
This herb is useful in Pulmonary Consumption, Hysteria, Colics, 
Gout, Vomiting in Confinement, etc. 



HERB REMEDIES. 53; 

also produces a tonic effect. It is very useful in bowel com- 
plaints. It is much used in conjunction with other remedies 
to disguise their taste and smell, and is also commonly used as a 
flavoring extract. 

Dose. — Given in powder in small ^-of-a-teaspoonful doses. 

For Kidney and Bladder Troubles, Scurvy, Shitting of Blood, 
Tumors. 

CLEAVER S — Galium Aparine, called also CuvKRS, 
Catch Wbkd, Goosk Grass, etc. — Grows in moist places to a 
height of from three to eight feet, and creeps upon bushes and 
fences. L,eaves small; flowers small and white. 

This is an excellent remedy in gravelly disorders and inflam- 
matory affections of the kidneys and bladder. It is taken in 
infusion, which should be made in cold water, 4 ounces to 1 quart 
of water, and drank freely and often. This infusion has also 
been found beneficial in the cure of scurvy and spitting of blood. 
The expressed juice of the plant mixed with oatmeal to the con- 
sistence of a poultice and applied cold over indolent (painless) 
tumors, keeping the bowels open in the meantime with Castor 
Oil and taking a tablespoonful of the juice every morning, will 
often disperse them in a short time. 

For Nausea, Vomiting, Cholera Morbus, Toothache. 

CLOVES — Caryophyllus. 

Native of Kast and West Indies. 

Properties. — A decoction of cloves is sometimes used to 
allay nausea and check vomiting. It will also relieve wind colic. 
It is made by boiling 2 or 3 teaspoonfuls of the ground cloves in 
% pint of sweet milk. This may be given in tablespoonful 
doses, as hot as can be borne, every fifteen to thirty minutes. 
This decoction is also valuable in cholera morbus. The Oil of 
Cloves may be given in place of the powder, and is also used in 
the cure of toothache, a little of the oil being put on batting and 
introduced into the cavity. 

Dose. — Of the decoction, as above; of the oil, from 1 to 2 
drops. 

For Nervous Headache, General Debility, Typhoid Conditions. 

COCA — Erythroxylon Coca, 

Native of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia. 

Properties. — Coca is fully represented by its well-known 
active principle, Cocaine. Cocaine is both a stimulant and a 
narcotic. Taken in small doses it first stimulates the heart 
action and respiration; if the dose is increased, it produces 



538 FA V0R1TB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

unconsciousness and dangerous symptoms. The continued use 
of cocaine produces sleeplessness, decay both of the mental and 
moral powers and, later, emaciation and death. 

Applied locally, it is a powerful anesthetic to a limited area, 
hence is valuable in many forms of minor surgery. Combined 
with Carbolic Acid, it forms the well-known remedy for s ' pain- 
less extraction of teeth. ' ' 

For Rheumatism, Sudden Colds, Nervous Debility, Dizziness, Head- 
ache, Pains of the Stomach and Bowels, Irregularity of the 
Menses. 

COCASH — Aster Puniceus, called also Meadow Scabish, 
Frostweed, Red-stacked Aster, etc. — The Cocash grows in 
wet grounds. The stem is from two to three feet high, of a 
reddish color, covered with short, stiff bristles, is thickly branched 
at the top and easily broken. The leaves are rough on the 
margin and upper surface, tapering at both ends, and are bor- 
dered with teeth not set very close together. The flowers are of 
a light blue, and grow in spreading clusters at the tops of the 
stems and branches. They blossom about the first of September 
and remain in bloom until late in the autumn. 

This plant is an agreeable stimulant and promotes perspira- 
tion. It is perfectly harmless and may be taken without regard 
to quantity. The infusion is prepared by steeping the fresh 
bruised roots and leaves in hot water, and is useful in rheuma- 
tism, sudden colds, nervous debility, dizziness, headache, pains 
of the stomach and bowels and irregularity of the menstrual 
discharges. 

For Bronchitis ana Pulmonary Co?isumption. 

COCILLANA— Guarea. 
Native of Bolivia. 

Properties. — Expectorant, tonic, laxative. This is a new 
remedy that acts on the respiratory organs in a manner similar to 
Ipecac, but said to be "superior in certain diseases of the air 
passages in which the latter is often used." Besides its excel- 
lence as an expectorant, it exerts a tonic influence upon the 
appetite and reduces the night sweats of chronic bronchitis and 
pulmonary consumption. Cocillana also gives promise of useful- 
ness as a laxative. 

Dose. — From 10 to 20 drops of the fluid extract. 

For Ulceration of the Lungs. 

COLTS-FOOT— TussUago Farfara, called also Buu/S 
Foot, Flower Velure, etc. — This is a common and very 



HERB REMEDIES. 5 39 

troublesome weed. The root is very long, frequently penetrating 
to a depth of several feet. The flower stem appears before the 
leaves. It is round, woolly, six to eight inches long, and 
covered with scales. Several stems generally rise from the same 
root, each stem supporting a single flower about one inch in diam- 
eter and of a bright yellow color. The seeds of the plant are 
provided with a feathery growth (something like the dandelion) 
which is carried by the wind and springs up wherever fitting soil 
is exposed. 

It is usually taken in decoction, a handful of the leaves being 
boiled in a quart of water down to a pint, strained and sweet- 
ened with honey or coarse sugar. The dose is a teacupful. It is 
a pectoral, and sweetened with honey is recommended in ulcera- 
tion of the lungs. 

For Dyspepsia. 

COLUMBO (Imported)— Radix Columbo. 
Native of Island of Ceylon. 

Properties. — This articles is found very useful, when admin- 
istered in proper doses, in strengthening the digestive tract and 
giving tone to the stomach. In cases of dyspepsia it produces its 
best effects. If administered in too large doses, however, it is 
apt to nauseate. It is also sometimes combined with Ipecacu- 
anha — 10 grains of Columbo to 2 of Ipecacuanha — and adminis- 
tered in cases of dyspepsia. 

Dose. — Of the powder, from 15 to 30 grains ; or an infusion 
may be made by adding from 2 to 4 tablespoonf uls of the powder to 
a pint of boiling water and taken in three doses during the day. 

See also American Columbo. 

For Consumption , Colds, Coughs, Diseases oj the Bowels and Urin- 
ary Organs, Female Weaknesses. 

COMFREY — Symphytum Officinale, called also Healing 
Herb, Gum Plant, etc. — Grows in gardens and meadows, blos- 
soms in May and June and bears spikes of white or rose-colored 
flowers at the extremities of the branches. The root is large, 
blackish on the outside and white inside. 

A decoction of from ^ to 1 ounce in a quart of water or 
milk is useful in diarrheas, dysentery, consumption, colds and 
coughs, female weaknesses and diseases of the urinary organs, 
owing to its mucilaginous properties. It may be drank freely. 
The fresh leaves, bruised and applied externally, are beneficial to 
sprains, wounds and ulcers. The fresh root makes an excellent 
poultice for white swelling. 



540 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Gtavelly Complaints, Gonorrhea, Suppression of Urine, Affec- 
tions of the Liver, Dyspepsia. 

COOLWORT— Mitella Cordifolia, called also Mitre 
Wort, etc. — This plant is found in shady places where the ground 
is not very wet. The leaves are heart-shaped, are hairy on both 
sides and bordered with roundish teeth, and have the taste and 
smell of cucumbers. The flowers are white and grow in spikes 
about an inch long on the top of a naked stem. The leaves are 
used as medicine, and should be gathered in July or about the 
first of August and dried without exposure to damp atmosphere. 

An infusion of the leaves, which is prepared by steeping a 
handful in a quart of boiling water, may be employed freely as a 
drink, and is given with benefit in gravelly complaints, gonor- 
rhea and suppression of urine. In all cases where the urine is 
acrid, or thick and highly colored, it may be used with advan- 
tage. Also in burning and scalding of the urine it rarely fails to 
afford relief in two or three hours. It is also taken with advan- 
tage in affections of the liver, in dyspepsia and sourness of the 
stomach. Women who are troubled with strangury soon after 
confinement will derive great benefit from the use of this plant. 

COPAIBA.— (See Balsam of Copaiba). 

For Cramps, Spasms. 

CRANBERRY, HIGH — Viburnum Oxycoccus, called also 
Cramp Bark. — Grows in swamps to the height of eight or ten 
feet. The leaves resemble a goose's foot, the flowers are white 
and in clusters, and the berries, which resemble the common 
cranberry, are red, have a pleasant acid flavor and make a good 
drink. 

The bark of the root possesses tonic and nervine properties 
and seldom fails to relax spasms or cramps of any kind. It may 
be taken in decoction, or a tincture may be made by putting an 
ounce of the pulverized bark into a quart of Wine, the dose being 
a wineglassful twice a day. 

For Fevers, Pleurisy, etc. 

CRAWLEY — Corallorhiza Odontorhiza, called also Drag- 
on's Claw, Coral Teeth, Fever Root, Chicken's Toes, 
etc. — This curious plant has no leaves nor anything green about 
it. The root is a collection of small, jointed, irregular fleshy 
bulbs, branching like a piece of coral. From these rises a smooth, 
fleshy, striped flower-stalk to the height of ten inches, bearing a 
spike of from twelve to twenty brownish-green flowers which 




CROWFOOT. 

(See Description ) 
This herb is a Stomach and Bowel tonic, useful in Dysentery, Diarrhea and 
Cholera Infantum ; also used externally as a wash for Wounds, Ulcers, etc. 



HERB REMEDIES. 54 1 

bloom in July and August. The fruit is a large, strong-ribbed 
box or capsule. It should be looked for in old woods, or where 
there is much decaying herbage. 

This plant produces a gentle and copious perspiration, and is 
an excellent remedy in various kinds of fevers, pleurisy and 
similar diseases. An emetic should first be given, after which 
Crawley may be taken as a hot infusion, or teaspoonful doses of 
the powdered root can be given in warm tea. In some cases the 
powdered root is mixed with equal quantities of Pleurisy Root 
and given for the same purpose. 

For Cathartic Purposes. 

CROTON PLANT— Croton Tiglium. 
Native of Java and Ceylon. 

Properties. — The oil of this plant is a powerful and speedy 
purgative and is generally employed in cases of obstinate consti- 
pation. It is usually found successful when all other means 
fail. It acts with great rapidity, and will usually operate on a 
patient even in a comatose state, on which account it is some- 
times given in apoplexy, or coma from other cause. Also used in 
dropsy and mania. 

Dose. — From 1 to 2 drops. This may be placed on the back 
of the tongue, may be made into pills with bread crumbs, or 
administered in emulsion or capsule. 

For Immoderate Discharges, Intestinal Putrefaction, Dysentery, 
Diarrhea, Cholera Infantum. 

CROWFOOT — Geranium Maculatum, called also Spotted 
Cranesbiix, Tormentix, Storkbiix, etc. — This is a very 
pretty plant, blossoming from May to July. The root is thick, 
knobby, brownish in color and spotted with greenish-white 
inside. It is very brittle when dried. The branches come out 
in pairs, and the leaves and stems are hairy. It has purple 
flowers, and the fruit is a capsule in five sections, containing one 
seed each. The most suitable time for collecting it is in the fall. 
See illustration. 

The general effect of this plant on the system is to give tone 
to the stomach and bowels, to arrest immoderate discharges 
and to prevent intestinal putrefaction. It is given in the 
secondary stages of dysentery, diarrhea and cholera infantum.. 
It should not be given in the first stages of these diseases. The usual 
form of giving it is in decoction with milk. The Indians used 
it for wounds, gonorrhea, ulcers of the legs, diabetes, bloody 
urine, involuntary discharges of urine, immoderate menstruation, 



542 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

etc. In cases of severe bleeding from the womb the fresh root 
bruised in cold water and applied will arrest the hemorrhage. 
The decoction is also useful as a gargle in quinsy and apthous 
sores of the mouth and throat. A dose of the powdered root is 
from 15 to 25 grains; of the decoction, made by boiling from an 
ounce to 1 j4 ounces of the root in a pint of water, the dose is 1 
to 2 tablespoonfuls. 

Fot Inflammation oj the Bladder and Urinary Passages, Incon- 
tinence of Urine and Discharges from the Genital Organs. 

CUBEBS — Cubeba Officinalis. 

Native of Japan. 

Properties. — Their chief use is to relieve inflammation of 
the urinary passages. Also useful in incontinence of urine. 
They were long used in the treatment of gonorrhea, but have 
now been superseded by local treatment. Also used in 
leucorrhea, acute colds and catarrhal conditions of the air pas- 
sages. 

Dose. — From 10 grains upwards. 

F01 Hysterical Diseases, EMlepsv, St. Vitus Dance, Spasmodic 
Asthma. 

CUCKOO-FLOWER — Cardamine Pratensis, called also 
Field Water Cress, I^ady's Smock, etc. — This plant grows in 
damp situations all over the country. The flowers are a pale 
pink or flesh color. They have a slightly spicy odor, a biting, 
bitter taste, and are the part used in medicine. 

The dried flowers are used in epilepsy, hysterical diseases, 
St. Vitus dance and spasmodic asthma. They are a very popular 
remedy for epilepsy in children. The dose is 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls 
of the powder several times a day; or it may be combined with 
English Valerian. 

For Dyspepsia, Chronic Rheumatism, General Debility, Suppressed 
Menstruation. 

CUCUMBER TREE— Magnolia Acuminata .—This is a 
common forest tree growing on rich hillsides and river bottoms. 
It is commonly called Cucumber Tree from the resemblance of 
the shape of its fruit to that of the garden cucumber. The fruit, 
or cucumber, has long been a domestic remedy in dyspepsia. 
Both the bark of the root and fruit have been used with success 
in that complaint, also with benefit in chronic rheumatism. 
They have tonic qualities, and may be given in general debility 
and in obstinate cases of suppressed menstruation. A dose of 



HERB REMEDIES. 543 

the recently dried bark in powder is from % to 1 teaspoonful. A 
better preparation is a tincture made by putting the cones into 
diluted Alcohol or Brandy. 

For Bilious Fevers, TorUd Liver, Dropsy. 

CULVER'S ROOT — Leptandria Virginica, called also 
Black Root, Culver's Physic, Tall Veronica, etc. — Found 
throughout this country growing in dry and open situations. 
Grows from three to seven feet in height, leaves being in whorls 
(growing in a bunch) along the stem, and stem ending in a spike 
of white flowers. 

The root, which is used, is strong, bitter and nauseous, and 
a weak cold infusion is said to be the safest and best method of 
taking it. Or a heaping teaspoonful of the powder may be added 
to x /2 gill of boiling water, sweetened, and the dose repeated in 
three hours if it does not operate before. It is an efficient 
cathartic without producing debility or prostration. In typhus 
and bilious fevers it is said to remove the black and morbid 
matter from the intestines, is given with great advantage in 
dyspepsia connected with torpidity of the liver and digestive 
organs, is a valuable agent in purifying the blood, and is of 
utility in dropsies. 

For Impotency. 

DAMIANA—Turnera Diffusa. 

Native of California and Mexico. 

Properties. — It has a local reputation as a stimulant tonic 
of the sexual organs among the natives of its habitat, and has 
been widely advertised as a remedy for sexual impotence. 
Medical dispensatories do not credit it with this property, and 
besides it has a tendency to derange the digestive organs. 

Dose. — The average dose is ^ to ^ teaspoonful. 

For Chronic Inflammation of the Liver and Spleen, and Drobsical 
Affections of the Organs of the Abdomen. 

DANDELION — Leontodon Taraxacum, called also Monks- 
head, etc. — The dandelion needs no description. A full grown 
fresh root is frequently more than a foot long, is as thick as the 
little finger, and is full of a milky, bitterish juice. 

The dandelion has a direct action upon the liver and 
kidneys, and is valuable in derangement of the digestive organs 
generally. In chronic inflammation of the liver and spleen and 
abdominal dropsy it is very beneficial. The best form of giving 
it is an extract of the juice, from 10 drops to ^ teaspoonful taken 
before meals. 



544 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Fot Appetite, Stomach Complaints , Diseases of the Digestive Organs, 
Nausea and Vomiting, Weakness of the Generative Organs. 

DEVIL'S BIT — Helonias Dioica, called also Drooping 
Starwort, Unicorn Plant, Blazing Star, etc. — The proper 
botanical name for this plant is Helonias but through the 
common names that have been given to it, it is often confounded 
with the Aletris Farinosa (see Starwort). They are some- 
what similar in growth and appearance, but as their medicinal 
properties are very different, it is important not to make a 
mistake in their use. 

The DeviV s Bit, or Helonias, has a tapering, fibrous root 
about one inch long. It is furrowed, and ends abruptly as if it 
had been bitten off. A pretty story is told concerning its name: 
The Indians believed it to have been, originally, a cure-all, but 
that the evil spirit in a fit of anger bit it off and thus destroyed a 
portion of its power. The root and leaves continue green all 
winter, and spread upon the ground in the form of a star. They 
are four or five inches long and taper at the end. The plant ends 
in a long, graceful spike of flowers of a dirty white color. 

The root of this plant improves the appetite and is beneficial 
in all stomach complaints and diseases of the digestive organs. 
It will check nausea and vomiting and, chewed and the juice 
swallowed, will relieve coughing. The Indian women believed it 
would prevent miscarriages, and its tonic qualities are considered 
especially applicable in debility of the generative organs of either 
sex. The root may be given in powder in doses of x / 2 teaspoon- 
ful, or may be chewed and the juice swallowed. 

DIGITALIS.— (See Foxglove). 

For Dyspepsia, Flatulency. 

DILL — Anethum Graveolens, called also Garden Dili, or 
Dilly. — Cultivated in gardens. A smooth plant that rises to the 
height of two or three feet. Plant and seeds have a powerful, 
spicy odor and a moderately warm and pungent (biting) taste. 

An infusion of the seeds in boiling water makes an excellent 
stomachic, good in dyspepsia and flatulency, and a grateful drink 
for women immediately after confinement. 

For General Debility, Chronic Diarrhea a?id Dysentery. 

DITA BARK— Alstonia Scholaris. 

Native of India, Malay Archipelago, tropical Australia. 

Properties. — Valuable in chronic diarrhea and in the 
advanced stages of dysentery. It is also prescribed during con- 
valescence from fevers, etc. , and generally as a bitter tonic. 

Dose. — 2 to 8 drops of the fluid extract before meals. 



HERB REMEDIES. 545 

For Hysterics , Gout, Fevers, Dropsies, Bloody Urine. 

DOUBLE TANSY.— Tansy may be cultivated in any 
common soil. The root is perennial, so that when a "tansy bed" 
is once started it will last for years. The stems of the plant are 
six-sided, striped, and grow to a height sometimes of two or three 
feet. The leaves spring from the stem one above the other on 
opposite sides, and are subdivided into deeply notched leaflets. 
The flowers are yellow and form flat- topped bunches. The 
seeds are small and oblong-shaped and covered with down. The 
whole shrub above the ground is used in medicine, and should 
be gathered when in bloom. 

This is a powerful bitter and is used in the form of infusion 
to bring on menstruation; also used in hysteria, and as a pre- 
ventive of gout when the paroxysms are coming on. Tansy tea 
is also a popular domestic remedy in fevers, dropsies and bloody 
urine, and a poultice of the leaves makes an excellent application 
for sprains and bruises. The infusion is made by adding an ounce 
of the plant to a pint of boiling water, of which the dose is a 
wineglassful two or three times a day. 

For Fevers, Pleurisies, biHammatory Affections, Headache, Asthma, 
Hysteria, Nervous Derangements. 

DROPSY PLANT— Melissa Officinalis, called also Lemon 
Balm and Cure- All. — This plant is cultivated in gardens. It 
grows about two feet high, and has spreading, egg-shaped leaves 
of a bright green color, deeply notched at the edges. The flowers 
are white. It has an agreeable smell, somewhat similar to that 
of the lemon. 

A warm infusion of this plant may be drank freely, and is 
useful in fevers, pleurisies and other inflammatory affections; also 
in headache, asthma, hysteria and nervous derangements. 

For Dropsy, Suppression of Urine, Piles. 

DWARF ELDER — Aralia Hispida, called also Bristly- 
stem Sarsaparilla. — Grows on hemlock- timbered land. From 
each root rises a single stalk, which is thickly set with short 
thorns or prickles near the ground, grows from eighteen to thirty 
inches in height, and has many branches, terminating in a cluster 
of blossoms in July and August. The berries, which are ripe in 
September, are of a black color and are disagreeable to the taste. 

Very valuable in dropsy, for which take the dried root, boil 

to a strong decoction and take a gill morning and night, or 

oftener if the stomach will bear it. An ounce of the inner bark 

and one of the roots in decoction may be taken in teacupful 

SB 



546 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

doses three times a day. Also valuable where there is suppres- 
sion of urine. The extract of the inner bark is good in piles as 
well as in dropsy. 

For Dropsical Diseases. 

DYER'S BROOM— Genista Tinctoria, called also Dyer's 
Weed, Greenweed, Woadwaxen, etc. — This plant is not a 
native of this country, but is cultivated here in gardens. The 
flowering tops are employed to dye a bright yellow color, hence 
its name. It is a shrub that has numerous rush-like green 
twigs like brooms. Both the tops and seeds are employed in 
medicine, and are given freely in infusion in dropsical diseases. 

For Blood, Erysipelas, Fevers, Rheumatism, Gout, Pleurisy, Chronic 
Cough, Eruptions, Bowel Complaints, Bruises. 

ELDER — Sambucus Canadensis, called also SwEET Elder 
and Black-berried Elder. — A common shrub, with a branched 
stem growing eight or ten feet high and containing a large, 
spongy pith. The leaves are of a dark, glistening green; the 
flowers are white and in clusters, and are succeeded by berries of 
a dark purple color. 

The young leaves and buds are too strong for safe use, but a 
tea of the flowers or berries makes an excellent blood purifier, and 
is very useful in erysipelas, fevers, rheumatism, gout, pleurisy, 
chronic cough and eruptions, especially the eruptions to which 
children are subject. They make a good poultice for bruises, 
etc. They also impart a fine flavor to vinegar or wine. A syrup 
made of the berries is highly esteemed in bowel complaints. The 
bark of the roots may be used when the berries and flowers can- 
not be obtained. Also the bark and leaves given to sheep will 
cure the rot. 

For Chronic Bronchitis, Dvspepsia, Catarrh of the Bladder, Sup- 
pressed Menstruation, Skin Eruptions. 

ELECAMPANE — Inula Helenium. — This is a very com- 
mon plant growing in meadows and by roadsides. It has a large, 
fibrous root, brown externally and white internally. The stem 
grows from four to six feet high, is branched toward the top and 
covered with a whitish down. The flowers are yellow and situ- 
ated at the extremity of the branches. The root has a spicy 
smell, and the taste, bitter at first, afterwards becomes sharp and 
camphorated; it contains camphorated oil. 

Inula (Elecampane) was one of the most famous of ancient 
medicines. It had a special reputation in all pulmonary affec- 
tions, and as an external application in sciatica, gout, gravel, 
facial neuralgia, etc. It is now used in chronic bronchitis, 



HERB REMEDIES. 547 

dyspepsia, catarrh of the bladder, suppressed menstruation and 
other menstrual disorders, also in chronic eruptions of the skin. 
It is generally given in decoction, made by boiling from % to 1 
ounce of the crushed root in a pint of water. 

For Malaria and Septic (poisonous) Conditions. 
EUCALYPTUS— Globulus. 
Native of Australia. 

Properties. — Eucalyptus is a powerful antiseptic and anti- 
malarial remedy. It is extensively used in the treatment of inter- 
mittent fevers, especially in those chronic varieties in which 
Quinine has failed; also in septic conditions, as consumption, or 
any lingering disease where fever is present. It may be given 
internally in all cases of ulcer of the stomach or bowels, typhoid 
fever, scarlatina, blood poisoning, fetid bronchitis, etc. It is 
employed in the treatment of fetid breath, ulcers (syphilitic or 
otherwise), purulent catarrhal affections of the bladder, urethra 
and vagina, spongy and bleeding gums, etc. Properly diluted 
and used in a steam atomizer, the inhalation from the spray is 
a valuable aid in the treatment of diphtheria, and also as a pallia- 
tive in purulent bronchitis, catarrh and consumption. 

Applied externally in the proportion of 2 tablespoonf uls to 
a pint of warm water, it is a stimulant and disinfectant in the case 
of chronic ill-conditioned ulcers, removing the odor of the dis- 
charge and improving the character of the secretion. A mixture 
of half this strength may be used with excellent results as an 
injection in vaginal leucorrhea. 

Dose. — From 5 to 20 drops of the oil. 
For Colds, Coughs, Bronchial Affections. 
EUPHORBIA— Pilulifera. 
Native of Australia, West Indies, etc. 

Properties. — This herb is becoming a favorite domestic 
remedy in Australia, where it is a common roadside weed. It is 
regarded as an infallible remedy for colds, coughs, bronchial 
affections, in short all diseases of the respiratory tract; but it is 
more especialty esteemed for the prompt and complete relief it is 
said to give to sufferers from asthma. 

Formula for Infusion of Euphorbia Pilulifera: 

Fluid Extract Euphorbia Pilu- 
lifera 1 fluid ounce. 

Hot Water 15 " " 

Dose. — One tablespoonful. 



548 "PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Affections of the Eyes. 

EYE-BRIGHT — Euphrasia Officinalis. — This plant grows 
in sterile soil. It flowers in June and produces white blossoms. 
It has no odor, but is of a bitterish, astringent taste. 

It is employed in decoction as a wash to weak and inflamed 
eyes. 

For Liver Complaints, Contracted Sinews, Sores, Ulcers, Swellings. 

FALSE BITTERSWEET— Celastrus Scandens, called 
also Staff Trek, Fevkr Twig, etc. — A woody vine, sometimes 
attaining to a considerable height. The blossoms are of a 
greenish-yellow color and very fragrant, and the berries grow 
in clusters and remain on the vines all winter. 

The bark of the root may be given in decoction in doses of a 
gill three times a day in liver complaints and as a blood purifier. 
The bark and berries also make an excellent ointment for con- 
tracted sinews, sores, ulcers, and swellings of every description. 

For Dropsy and Heart Disease. 

FALSE HELLEBORE— Adonis Vernalis. 
Native of Southern Europe. 

Properties. — It is employed in dropsy and heart disease. In 
action it resembles digitalis, but digitalis is not admissible in 
cases where the kidneys are affected, while this remedy has a good 
effect in cases where the heart disease is of a secondary nature, 
following chronic Bright' s disease, etc. 

Dose. — From i to 2 drops of the fluid extract three or four 
times a day; or an infusion may be made of ^ to 1 teaspoonful 
in 8 tablespoonfuls of water, of which the dose is a table- 
spoonful every one, two or three hours, according to effect. 

For Dyspepsia, Disorders of Digestion, Colic in Children. 

FENNEL — Anethum Fczniculum. — This plant is raised in 
gardens in this country. It grows about four feet in height and 
has a long root about the size of the finger. It blossoms in June 
and July and the fruit ripens in September. 

Fennel seeds are given for dyspepsia, difficult digestion, 
flatulency, colic in children. Made into an infusion or tea, it 
may be given freely through the day; of the seeds pulverized, 
from Yz to 1 teaspoonful is a dose. 

Fo? Hystetia, Suppressed Menstruation, Worms, and in Sudden 
Attacks of Disease. 

FEVERFEW — Chrysanthemum Parthe?iium, called also 
Fkathkr-Few, etc. — Found along roadsides, also cultivated in 



HERB RBMBDIBS. 549 

gardens. Grows from six inches to a foot in height, has numer- 
ous leaves of a yellowish green color, deeply cut into lobes or 
divisions and bordered with sharp teeth. Each of the branches 
end in a single flower which consists of a yellow center with a 
white border. 

The flowers and leaves in infusion are given to strengthen 
the stomach, expel wind, promote the menses and destroy 
worms. The warm infusion is also an excellent remedy in colds, 
sudden attacks of disease, hysterical complaints and lowness of 
spirits. It should be prepared by steeping the leaves and 
flowers, or either, fresh or dry, in hot water. It is harmless and 
may be taken in almost any quantity. For the decoction, pour 
two quarts of boiling water on two handf uls of the leaves, of which 
a teacupful may be taken three or four times a day. The green 
herb in the form of a poultice is used externally for severe pains 
or swellings of the bowels. 

For Fevers. 

FEVER WEED — Gerardia Pedicularia, called also I/duse- 
worT. — This plant, which is found only on barren, hilly or pine 
ridges, grows about two feet high, and resembles large bunches 
of 1,0 Delia except that its branches are more numerous. The 
leaves are small with deeply cut edges. The stalks and leaves 
are like tobacco. The blossoms are yellow and about the size of 
the pink. 

This plant given in infusion will produce a flow of perspi- 
ration in a very short time, and is a very popular remedy in 
fevers and inflammations of all kinds. The bowels should be 
evacuated before the infusion is taken. 

For Sore Eyes, Epilepsy, Convulsions. 

FIT ROOT — Monotropa Uniflora, called also Pipe Plant, 
Indian Pipe, Bird's Nest, Ice Plant, etc. — The juice of the 
fresh herb of this plant, mixed with water, is good for sore eyes. 
The plant also possesses nervine properties, and the pulverized 
root in teaspoonful doses is used in epilepsy and convulsions of 
children. 

For Fevers, Fluxes and Excessive Menstruation. 

FIVE FINGER — Potentilla Canadensis, called also Cinque- 
foil, etc.— This is grass, the stalks of which trail along the 
ground something after the manner of strawberries. Each stem 
has five leaves of unequal size, notched around the edges. The 
flowers are yellow and the root is small. It grows by roadsides. 

It is taken in decoction, which may be made with milk. It is 
very beneficial in fevers, particularly when there is great weak- 



5 50 FA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

ness and night sweats. It is also serviceable in checking immod- 
erate flow of the menses and flux. The decoction may be taken 
in wineglassful doses. 

For Dysentery, Colic, Hemorrhage. 

FLEABANE — Erigeron Canadense, called also Canada 
Fleabane, Prideweed, Blood-Stanch, Mark's Tail, Colt's 
Tail, Fireweed, etc. — This plant grows freely throughout all 
Canada and the northern and middle sections of the United 
States. It rises from two to six feet in height, is covered with 
stiff hairs and divided into numerous branches. It has narrow, 
lance-shaped leaves, and the flowers are small and white and 
grow in long clusters at the ends of the stems. For medicinal 
purposes the plant should be collected while in bloom — in July or 
August. It has an acrid, bitterish taste. 

This plant possesses a high reputation as a remedy for 
dysentery. For this purpose it is steeped in hot water and a 
teacupful taken every hour or two until a cure is effected. It 
generally affords speedy relief in colic; for this purpose a teacup- 
ful may be given every fifteen to thirty minutes, and in obstinate 
cases an injection of the infusion may be given. The oil of this 
plant in doses of from 5 to 10 drops is a valuble remedy in 
hemorrhage. 

For Dropsy of the Chest, Pleurisy, Inflammation of the Lungs, 
Inflammatory Affections. 

FOXGLOVE, or DIGITALIS— Digitalis Purpurea, called 
also Purple Foxglove, Fairy's Glove, etc. — The stem of the 
Foxglove is straight and hairy, and grows from two to three feet 
high. The leaves are very large, oval, whitish, and hairy on 
both sides. The flowers are a deep reddish purple. It is culti- 
vated in America for its medicinal properties. See illustration. 

It is a very valuable remedy in dropsy of the chest, pleurisy, 
inflammation of the lungs and all inflammatory affections, but is 
a poison and narcotic and should be administered with extreme 
caution. It is hardly safe to give it without a thorough under- 
standing of its physiological effects, and the reader is therefore 
referred to Digitalis in A Chapter on Medicine. 

For Scrofula and Scrofulous Tumors. 

FROSTWORT — Cistus Canadensis, called also Rock 
Rose. — This plant grows from six to twelve inches high and 
derives its name from its leaves, which are whitish like frost, 
and grow on small purple stalks. In early winter the bark near 
the root splits. The flowers are of a pale color and terminate in 
a pod containing very small seeds. 



ffBRB REMBDWS. 55 1 

An infusion of this plant is very valuable in the cure of 
scrofula. It should be made by using 4 ounces of the dried 
leaves to a quart of boiling water, of which the patient may 
drink freely three times a day; scrofula sores should also be washed 
with it. Another external application for scrofulous tumors is 
made of a handful of the dried leaves to a tablespoonful of black 
Pepper and a quart of Rum. Simmer this for two hours, strain, 
add a handful or two more of the leaves, and again simmer for 
half an hour; then thicken by stirring in 2 ounces of the 
powdered leaves and apply as a poultice twice a day. 

For Obstructions of the Liver, Eruptive Skin Diseases, Scurvy. 

FUMITORY — Fumaria Officinalis. — This plant is culti- 
vated for medicinal purposes. 

In large doses it is laxative, but as ordinarily given is a 
tonic. It is a valuable remedy for obstructions of the liver, erup- 
tive diseases of the skin and scurvy. 

A decoction of the leaves, either fresh or dry, may be taken 
freely. 

For Dropsy.. 

GAMBOGE— Cambogia. 

Native of Siam, Cambodia and Cochin China. 

Properties. — It is chiefly used as a cathartic in dropsical 
affections because of its power to produce large discharges of 
water from the intestines, and also because it stimulates the 
kidneys to increased action. It is sometimes given for consti- 
pation, but is not commonly used for general cathartic purposes 
because it produces such drastic effects. It should be taken 
only in small doses, and is more frequently combined with other 
remedies. 

Dose. — A convenient formula is the following: 

Gamboge, powdered 10 grains. 

Carbonate of Potash. 1 drachm. 

Cinnamon Water 2 ounces. 

Mix, and take 30 drops three times a day in 
water. 

For Poulticing, Colds, Coughs, Asthma, Croup. 

GARLIC — Allium Sativum. — Well known by its strong, 
disagreeable taste and odor. It is of the same genus as the 
onion, but much stronger and more powerful. 

The bulbs roasted may be applied with advantage externally 
over the seat of almost any pain. They are often applied to the 
feet in inflammatory diseases, and to quiet and produce sleep in 
children. A syrup combined with honey is very serviceable in 



552 FAVORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

colds, coughs, asthma and croup, and in croup a poultice of 
garlic applied to the chest is one of the best things that can be 
used; also applied over the region of the bladder in retention of 
urine. A dose of the juice, to which sugar may be added, is 
from yi to% teaspoonful. 

For Stomach and Bowel Debility. 

GENTIAN (Blue) — Gentiana Catesbei, called also Samson 
Snake Root, Flux Root, etc. — This plant has a branching 
root, yellowish and fleshy, with a simple stem rising from one to 
two feet in height, and blue flowers. It is of the same genus as 
the yellow variety. 

It is a tonic in cases of stomach and general debility, and is 
considered to have great value in affections of the bowels, as 
fluxes and severe diarrhea. The root and tops are used in 
infusion with Chamomile flowers, to which a little Brandy may 
be added. The dose is a tablespoonful, which may be increased 
as the stomach will bear it. 

For Dyspepsia , Gout, Jaundice ', Weakness of the Digestive Organs, 
Debility. 

GENTIAN (Yellow)— Gentiana Lutea— The root of the 
Yellow Gentian is long, wrinkled and twisted, and has numerous 
branches. It is brownish on the outside and yellowish and 
spongy on the inside. The flowers are handsome, showy, and 
grow in large clusters. See illustration. 

Gentian root is a pure and simple bitter. In moderate doses 
it excites the appetite and strengthens the digestion, and does 
not constipate, therefore is of value in weakness of the digestive 
organs and debility attendant upon chronic diseases, in dyspepsia, 
gout, jaundice, etc. Of the powder the dose is about Ys tea- 
spoonful. A better way of taking it is in an infusion made as 
follows: To % ounce of the root add i teaspoonful of Orange 
peel, Y teaspoonful of Coriander, 2 ounces of Alcohol and 1 pint 
of water, of which the dose is from a teaspoonful to a table- 
spoonful three times a day before meals. 

For Diarrhea, Colic, Cholera Morbus, etc. 

GINGER — Zingiber Officinale. 

Native of East Indies. 

Properties. — Ginger is a useful remedy in diarrhea, dysen- 
tery, flatulent colic, cholera morbus, etc., and may be given in 
powder or tincture. The powder is mixed with hot water, but 
the tincture is preferable. Fomentations of Ginger are also 
applied externally to relieve colic, muscular rheumatism, 




YELLOW GENTIAN. 

(See Description.) 
This herb is a valuable tonic, useful in Dyspepsia, Gout, Jaundice, Weakness 
el the Digestive Organs and Debility attendant upon Chronic Diseases. 



HERB REMEDIES. 5 5 3 

neuralgia, headache, toothache, etc., and the infusion is useful 
in recent cases of relaxed condition of the uvula (the part 
pendant from the soft palate), or loss of voice from a similar 
condition of the larynx. 

Dose. — Of the powdered Ginger, well diluted, what would 
lay on a 5 -cent piece; of the tincture, from 10 drops to % tea- 
spoonful, also well diluted. 

For Tonic, Nervine, Gravel. 

GINSENG — Panax Quinquefolium , called also Red Berry, 
Five Fingers, Ninsin, etc. — Scattered all over the Northern 
and Western States from Canada to Missouri and Alabama; also 
in the Alleghany mountains as far as the Carolinas. The plant 
grows about a foot high, has five leaves to a main stem, and 
bears small white flowers which are followed by red berries. 
The root is white and fleshy. 

The berries of this plant are not good to eat. The root, 
tinctured in old Jamaica spirits, may be taken three times a day 
on an empty stomach. It is found useful in gravel, general 
debility //weakness from excessive venery, pain in the bones from 
colds; and is a fine restorative medicine, strengthening the 
stomach, invigorating the system and improving the appetite. 
The decoction may be used in doses of a teacupful several times 
a day as a nervine or tonic; or the powdered root taken in tea- 
spoonful doses. The leaves make a grateful tea. The Ginseng 
is greatly esteemed by the Chinese. 

For Nausea, Pains in the Stomach a?id Bowels. 

GOLDEN ROD — Solidago Odor a, called also SwEET- 
SCENTED GoivDEN Rod, etc. — There are a great many species of 
the Golden Rod, but the medicinal plant may be identified by the 
taste of the flowers and leaves, which is similar to that of Fennel 
or Anise, and has been distinguished by the name of sweet- 
scented Golden Rod. 

Given freely in warm infusion (which should not be boiled) , 
it produces perspiration, and is useful to allay nausea, and pains 
in the stomach and bowels occasioned by gas. 

For Stomach and Liver Troubles, Sores, Ulceus, Proud Flesh, Piles. 

GOLDEN SEAL — Hydrastis Canadensis, called also 
Orange Root, Yeixow Puccoon, etc. — This plant is found in 
rich soils in shady locations. It blossoms in March and April. 
The flowers are of a flesh or rose color, and the petals fall off 
about as soon as the blossoms come out. The fruit is a red, oval 
berry. The root is of a bright yellow color, is knotted and 
wrinkled, and has many long fibers. 



554 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Golden Seal is an excellent tonic, and at the same time is 
laxative, which makes it a very appropriate remedy in dyspeptic 
disorders. For diseases of the stomach and liver it is given in 
infusion and tincture. A half ounce of the pulverized dried 
root is enough to infuse in a quart of spirits. It is also used as 
a wash for sore eyes, but should be used with caution. Also 
used as a wash for old sores and ulcers, and the dry powder may 
be applied externally to fungous growths or proud flesh. A dose 
of the powder, taken internally, is from 10 to 12 grains. It is 
one of the best correctives in piles and bilious habits that can be 
given. 

For Stomach Tonic, Ulcers of the Mouth. 

GOLD THREAD— CopHs Trifolia, called also Mouth 
Root, Vkgetabi^ Gold, etc. — This plant grows only in the 
northermost part of this country and Canada. It is found in 
mossy swamps and bogs and in evergreen woods. The root is of 
a bright yellow color and the flowers are yellow; the leaves are 
evergreen. 

The roots only are used and should be collected in summer. 
They are easily dried, but are difficult to pulverize. They are a 
valuable tonic, particularly for the stomach, promoting digestion. 
They are useful in dyspepsia, debility, and in convalescence from 
fevers. The root is commonly given in infusion, sweetened with 
honey. The infusion also makes a good gargle in ulcers of the 
mouth. Of the powder, from 10 to 20 grains may be given three 
times a day; of the tincture, made by adding an ounce of the 
root to a pint of diluted Alcohol, the dose is a teaspoonful three 
times a day. 

Fot Gravel or Stone, Dropsy. 

GRAVEL PLANT— Epigcea Repens, called also Trail- 
ing Arbutus, etc. — This is a small, creeping plant, found grow- 
ing on shady rocks and in stony woods. Its flowers are white, 
tinged with red, and are very fragrant. 

It incites the secretion and discharge of urine, and taken in 
decoction is a very beneficial remedy for gravel, stone in the 
bladder and kidneys, and dropsy. The dose is from 1 to 2 tea- 
spoonfuls, which may be increased or diminished according to 
the strength of the decoction and the effect produced. 

For Asthma , Bronchitis, Hay -Fever, etc. 

GRINDELIA robusta. 

Native of California. 

Properties. — A useful remedy in asthma, and is recom- 
mended in bronchitis, pneumonia, hay-fever and coughs gen- 
erally. It may also be applied locally in inflammation of the 



HERB REMEDIES. 5 5 5 

eyes. For this purpose keep cloths wet with a solution of the 
fluid extract — one tablespoonful of the extract to 4 tablespoon- 
fuls of water. It is also given internally and used externally, 
diluted with water as above, on ulcers, etc. It is sometimes 
prescribed in dropsical conditions. 

Dose. — From % to 1 teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 

GRINDELIA SQUARROSA. 

Native of Mexico and West Coast of United States. 

Properties. — This is the Spanish-American remedy for 
intermittent fevers, especially chronic cases of fever and ague, to 
check the lapsing chills. It has a very beneficial action upon the 
liver and spleen and glandular system. Also useful in inflam- 
mation of the bladder, and, combined with Yerba Santa, is used 
for that form of dropsy known as anasarca, or general dropsy. 
Also useful in chronic rheumatic affections. 

Dose. — Should not exceed from 20 to 30 drops of the fluid 
extract. 

For Stomach Tonic. 

GROUND FLOWER— Polygala Polygama, called also 
BiTTKR Poi,ygai,a. — This plant derives its name from its manner 
of flowering — an imperfect flower of a purple color grows close 
to, and in some instances under the surface of the ground. It is 
found in dry, sandy and gravelly soils. The stems are numerous 
and the leaves scattered. 

An infusion of the dry plant imparts tone to the stomach; 
taken in large doses, it proves laxative. 

For Catarrhal Headaches, Inflammation of the Eyes, yaundice, 
Asthma, Coughs, Chronic Pulmonary and Urinatv Affec- 
tions. 

GROUND IVY — Glechoma Hederacea, called also Giu,- 
go-over-thk-ground, Ale Hoof, Catfoot, etc. — Grows wild 
along garden fences. The flowers are on short stems, grow 
in whorls, and are of a bluish color. 

The powdered leaves of this plant are used as a snuff, which 
is very beneficial in catarrhal headaches. An ointment made of 
this herb is also used for chronic inflammation of the eyes. 
Taken internally, it is an excellent blood purifier, also an expec- 
torant, and is much used in chronic affections of the lungs and 
urinary organs. It is a valuable remedy in jaundice and 
asthmatic coughs. 



556 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Painful Swellings. 

GROUNDSEL — Senedo Vulgaris. — This is an European 
plant which has been introduced into this country and grows in 
cultivated grounds. The whole plant is used, and should be 
gathered while in flower. When rubbed, it has a peculiar, 
unpleasant odor, and its taste is disagreeable and bitterish. 

It is applied externally to painful swellings. It is not much 
given internally, but in large doses- acts as an emetic. 

For Rheumatism. 

GUACO. 

Native of Mexico. 

Properties. — In Mexico the root of this plant is regarded as 
a specific in rheumatic affections. One part of the fluid extract 
to four parts of Whiskey, or two parts Alcohol, may be applied 
freely over the affected surface, which should then be well cov- 
ered. This application is best made at bedtime and the parts 
kept covered all night. 

Dose. — Taken internally, % to ^ teaspoonful. 

For Thtoat Troubles and Uterine Tonic. 

GUAIAC — Guaici Resina. 

Native of West Indies and the Northern Coast of South 
America. 

Properties. — At one time it was much used as a remedy in 
syphilis, chronic muscular rheumatism and diphtheria. Its use now 
is largely confined to throat troubles, for which it is given in the 
form of lozenges. It has had some reputation in the treatment of 
consumption. It is a uterine tonic and used to increase the 
menstrual flow. 

Dose — From 10 to 30 drops of the tincture. 
For Headache ', Asthma, Bronchitis, Diarrhea, Dysentery. 

GUARANA, or BRAZILIAN COCOA.— Paulinia Sor- 
bins. 

Native of Brazil. 

Properties. — This remedy is used with almost unvarying 
success in sick headache, especially of nervous origin. A 
dose taken on the intimation of an attack is usually sufficient 
to abort it. It is beneficial in diarrhea and dysentery, also 
in asthma and bronchitis, the Wine of Guarana being espe- 
cially beneficial in the capillary bronchitis of children. This 



HERB REM B DIBS. 557 

remedy is also used both internally and in injections for leucor- 
rhea, and has been employed with advantage in gonorrhea. 

Dose. — From 5 drops to x /t, teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 

For Inflamed Conditions of the Throat and Stomach, etc. 

GUM ARABIC — Acacice Gummi. 

Native of West Indies. 

Properties. — Gum Arabic is most frequently used as a 
vehicle for the administration of other remedies. It is a ready 
means of forming an emulsion for the administration of oils, prin- 
cipally Cod Liver Oil. Dissolved in water it serves as a protec- 
tion to of the throat and stomach when in an inflamed condition. 
It is sometimes used in the preparation of lozenges containing 
certain remedies designed to be dissolved in the mouth and 
produce their effects along the mucous membrane of the throat. 

For Chronic Coughs, Hoarseness, Ulceration of Mouth and Throat. 

HEDGE MUSTARD — Sisymbrium Officinalis. — Grows 
from one to three feet high. The taste is somewhat sour and 
biting, especially of the tops and flower spikes, but not so biting 
as the regular Mustard. 

A syrup is made by mixing an equal quantity of the juice of 
the plant with honey and sugar, and is very beneficial in chronic 
coughs and hoarseness; also in ulceration of the mouth and 
throat; or the seeds may be taken in substance. 

For Dropsy, Epilepsy ', Obstructed Menses. 

HELLEBORE (Black)— Helleborus Niger, called also Christ- 
mas Rose. — This is a perennial plant, blossoming in winter or early 
spring. The root, which is the part used in medicine, is of the 
length and size of the little finger and of a blackish color externally. 
The stem, which springs from the root, grows horizontally under 
ground, the leaves appearing to grow out of the ground. The 
flower stalk bears from one to two flowers, consisting of five large 
round pinkish petals sometimes edged with purple. It is a poison- 
ous plant and we do not recommend its use, excepting as it may be 
given in some reliable formula or under a doctor's direction. 

For Urcemic Convulsions, also sometimes used in Epilepsy, Gout, 
and Acute Rheumatism. 

HELLEBORE ("White)— Veratrum Viride, called also Itch- 
weed, Indian Poke, etc. — This is a poisonous, active plant, and 
is now made use of largely in the form of its active principle, 
11 Veratrine," for the uses of which see n Veratrum Viride" in A 
Chapter on Medicines. 



558 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Falling of the Bowels and Womb } Rheumatic Affections, Sciatica, 
Lumbago, Rheumatism. 

HEMLOCK TREE — Pinus Canadensis, called also Hem- 
lock Spruce, etc. — This tree, when full grown, is often seventy 
or eighty feet high, with a trunk two or three feet in diameter. 

The bark in decoction makes an excellent wash for falling of 
the bowels and womb. The oil applied externally is valuable in 
rheumatic affections. The pith of the Hemlock dried makes an 
excellent plaster for lumbago, sciatica and rheumatism. The 
bark is never given internally alone as it is too astringent. 

JFot Fistulas, Boils, Swellings of the Breast, Ulcers, Tumors, 
Inflamed Eyes, Cramps, Deep-Seated Inflammations. 

HENBANE — Hyoscyamus Niger, called also Black Hen- 
bane, Fetid Nightshade, Poison Tobacco, etc. — Cultivated 
in this country for medicinal purposes. It rises from one to two 
feet in height and has funnel-shaped flowers of a dingy yellow 
with bright purple streaks. It is a strong narcotic, very poison- 
ous, and often proves fatal when taken by mistake. See illus- 
tration. 

Applied externally, either as a poultice or by cloths wrung 
out of the hot decoction, it is useful in all cases of painful and 
obstinate inflammations, such as fistulas, boils, swellings of the 
breast, scrofulous ulcers, painless tumors, inflamed eyes and 
cramps in the bowels. In deep-seated inflammations the poultice 
is also very useful. It should be used with caution. Its action 
internally is the same as Belladonna. See A Chapter on Medi- 
cines. 

For Paralysis. 

HOANG-NAN — Strychnos Malaccensis. 

Native of Malacca and Cambodia. 

Properties. — For leprosy, venereal and chronic diseases, 
serpent bites, hydrophobia, epilepsy, convulsions and paralysis. 
The most important use for which it is employed is in the treat- 
ment of paralysis. Where the paralysis is recent it is peculiarly 
efficacious. Also in rheumatism or syphilitic paralysis it achieves 
important results. 

Dose. — From 3 to 10 drops of the Tincture of Hoang-Nan, 
concentrated. (This is a poison and should be carefully labeled) . 

For Inflammation of Mucous Surfaces, also Leucorrhea. 

HOLLYHOCK— Althcza Rosea. — This is a showy, well- 
known plant. It is a native of Spain, and cultivated in this 
country for ornamental purposes and because of its medicinal 
qualities. 




HENBANE. 

(See Description.) 

Applied externally on Boils, Fistulas, Swellings of the Breast 
Ulcers, Tumors, Inflamed Eyes, etc. 



HERB REMEDIES. 5 59 

A tea made of the flowers is employed in inflammation of 
mucous surfaces, as the lining membrane of the throat, stomach, 
bowels, urinary passages, etc. Also useful in leucorrhea. The 
tea may be drank freely. 

For Syphilitic Affections. 

HONDURAS BARK— Cascara Amarga. 

Native of Mexico and Honduras. 

Properties. — Is an alterative, and is very useful in chronic 
cases of syphilitic eruptions, syphilitic tubercles, chronic eczema 
and gummy tumors. Especially recommended in the treatment 
of syphilis. 

Dose. — From V 2 to 1 teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 

For Nervous Affections, Inflammatory Fevers, Pleurisy, Jaundice, 
Indigestion, Consumption, Hypochondria, Venereal Com- 
plaints, Worms. 

HOPS — Humulus Lupulus. — Hops are cultivated in this 
country. The plant is climbing and ornamental. The stems 
twine around poles and reach to a great height. The flowers 
are of a greenish color. 

A bag filled with warm hops and placed under the head is a 
popular remedy to quiet nervous irritation and produce sleep. 
They are also much used in fomentation to afford relief in inflam- 
matory fevers, especially in pleurisies. They may be given 
internally in tincture, decoction or infusion. As a tonic, the 
infusion is the best preparation, of which a wineglassful may be 
taken at a time. It is given internally in jaundice, indigestion, 
consumption, hypochondria, venereal complaints, worms, in 
diseases attended with nervous irritation, and is very useful to 
give tone to the stomach and bowels. It is also given in the 
advanced stages of typhoid fever, where nervous tremors and 
twitching of the tendons of the muscles exist. It is also a useful 
drink in alcoholism and delirium tremens. 

For Colds, Coughs, Affections of the Lungs. 

HOREHOUND — Marrubium Vulgare, called also White 
Horehound. — This plant is found along fences and roadsides. 
It grows about a foot high. The leaves are deeply notched at 
the edges, are wrinkled and hoary, and stand in pairs upon long, 
thick, broad foot-stalks. The flowers are white. The plant has 
a musklike odor. 

Horehound is usually given in the form of syrup or infusion, 
and is an excellent remedy in colds, coughs, and all affections 
of the lungs. The pure Horehound candy is very useful in 
troublesome coughs. 



560 PA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Piles, Rheumatism, Catarrh, Gangrene. 

HORSE CHESTNUT— ^Esculus Hippocastanum.— -This 
is a magnificent tree, too well known to need description. 

A strong decoction of the bark is recommended as a wash in 
gangrene. For rheumatism and piles, a decoction of the nuts is 
highly esteemed, also an ointment of the powdered nut and lard 
for local application. Some people carry horse chestnuts in 
their pockets, believing they will ward off these diseases. In 
case of catarrh, a pinch of the powdered root or nut applied to 
the nostrils at night is said to clear the head nicely in the 
morning. A decoction of the bark may also be employed in 
intermittent fevers. The decoction is made of i % ounces of the 
bark to a pint of water, of which the dose is a wineglassful three 
times a day. The usual dose of the powder is from }i to }4 tea- 
spoonful every four hours. 

For Urinary Disorders. 

HORSE MINT — Monarda Punctata, called also Origanum, 
Dotted Monarda, etc. — This plant is of the same genus as the 
Oswego Tea. It grows from two to three feet in height, has 
lance-shaped leaves and flowers in clusters. 

A strong decoction, given warm and freely, is very beneficial 
in case of suppression of urine, difficulty in evacuating the same, 
or gravel. 

For Dropsy, Rheumatism, Neuralgia. 

HORSERADISH — Cochlearia Atmoracia. — This plant is 
cultivated, or grows spontaneously in gardens, and is too well 
known to need description. 

Externally, it produces irritation, and may be used in 
place of Mustard. A warm infusion of this plant, drank in 
sufficient quantity to produce perspiration, is an exceedingly 
valuable remedy in dropsy, also beneficial in rheumatism, 
neuralgia, etc. An infusion may be made by adding ^ to i 
ounce of the root to a quart of water. 

HYOSCYAMUS.— (See Hknbank). 

For Colds, Coughs, Pulmonary Catarrh, Phthisis and Lung Affec- 
tions Generally. 

HYSSOP — Hyssopus Officinalis. — This plant is a native of 
the south of France, but is cultivated in gardens in this country. 
It grows about one foot high, and has flowers of a blue or pink 
color. 

It is very beneficial in colds, coughs, pulmonary catanhs 
and all affections of the lungs. Infuse a handful of the 



HBRB RBMBDIBS. 561 

herb . in 2 quarts of boiling water and drink freely, or 
according to circumstances. It is also boiled with Figs and used 
as a gargle for sore mouth and quinsy. 

HYST^ERIOI^ICK—Haplopappus Baylahuen. 

Native of Chili. 

Properties. — This plant has balsamic properties and is 
useful in the treatment of acute and chronic affections of the 
lungs and bronchial tubes, in flatulent colic and the diarrhea 
accompanying some forms of digestive troubles, in dysentery, 
and in diseases of the genital and urinary organs accompanied 
with purulent discharges. Also applied locally to wounds. 

Dose. — From 5 to 15 drops of the fluid extract. 

ICELAND MOSS— Cetrarza — This lichen is plentiful in 
Iceland, whence its name is derived. It is found throughout 
British America, and also grows as far south as the mountainous 
regions of North Carolina. It grows from two to four inches 
high and is irregularly branched. The upper surface is of a 
greenish-grey or olive brown, and the lower surf ace is whitish with 
depressed spots. Near the base it is reddish. Boiled with 20 
parts water, it yields a liquid which on cooling forms a bitter 
jelly. 

This plant increases the appetite, promotes digestion and 
improves nutrition. It does not excite the circulation nor 
constipate, but in large doses may occasion nausea or diarrhea. 
It is chiefly employed as a remedy for chronic pulmonary affec- 
tions attended with cough and profuse expectoration and other 
symptoms belonging to consumption. It may be made in 
infusion by adding 3 ounces of the bruised plant to ij4 pints of 
water, steeping down to % the quantity and adding 1 drachm 
(teaspoonful) of the extract of Licorice. Of this preparation 
2 tablespoonf uls may be taken every three or four hours if the 
cough is urgent. 

For Tonic, Laxative or Cathartic Uses. 

INDIAN PHYSIC— Gillenia Ttifoliata, called also West- 
ern Dropwort, Bowman's Root, etc. — The root of this plant 
is branching. The head of the root is a tuber from which 
proceeds numerous long, slender, brown branches, several stems 
rising from the same root and growing two or three feet high. 
They are of a reddish color and have large leaves. The flowers 
are small and white. It grows generally in hilly regions and 
sandy or gravelly soils. 

The bark of the root is used as a medicine. Powdered and 
taken in doses of 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls, which may be repeated 

36 



562 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

every twenty minutes until it operates, it acts as a mild emetic ( pro- 
ducing vomiting) and also as a purgative at the same time. 
Taken in small doses, 5 to 10 grains, it acts as a laxative in cases 
of habitual costiveness. In somewhat smaller doses it acts as a 
tonic in dyspepsia arising from debility of the digestive organs. 
It may be given in decoction, but is preferable in the form of 
powder. Given in large doses it acts violently and brings on 
debility. A decoction of this plant is sometimes given to horses 
and cattle as a tonic. 

For Coughs, Co?isumption, Asthma, Colic, Pains in the Bowels. 

INDIAN TURNIP — Arum Triphyllum, called also Wild 
Turnip, Wakk Robin, Dragon Root, etc. — This plant has a 
tuberous root, which sends up in the spring a large colored spathe 
(an envelope-shaped or sheath-like leaf) that is flattened and 
bent at the top like a hood. The spathe or sheath has within it 
a fleshy spike of variegated flowers, round at the top, and sur- 
rounded at the base by stamens. The spathe and the spike of 
flowers enclosed in it is later converted into a bunch of scarlet 
berries. The leaves stand on long sheathing foot-stalks. There 
are several varieties of this genus, known by the different color 
of the spathe, which in one is white, in another dark purple, and 
in a third, green. It grows in swamps, along ditches, and in 
shady places. The root is the only part used. It loses its med- 
icinal properties when old, but may be preserved fresh for a year 
by burying in dry earth or sand. See illustration. 

In its fresh state it is a powerful stimulant of the secretions 
of the lungs and skin, and its expectorant properties are beneficial in 
coughs, consumption of the lungs and asthma. It is also an 
excellent remedy for colic and pains in the bowels. The root 
should be dried, pulverized and given in honey, or made into a 
paste with syrup. The syrup is also good for aphthous sore 
mouth and throat. Dose, from 10 to 15 grains. 

IPECAC — Ipecacuanha. — (See A Chapter on Medicines). 

For Intermittent Fevers, Neuralgic Affections, Dyspepsia, Scrofula, 
etc. 

IRON WOOD — Astrya Virginica. — This tree, which grows 
from ten to forty feet in height, is a native of the eastern United 
States. The bark of the tree is of a dark gray color, and the 
heart, which is the part used in medicine, is veiy dense and hard. 

This remedy is used in intermittent fevers, neuralgic affec- 
tions, dyspepsia, scrofula, etc. It may be taken in infusion made 
from chips of the tree, or in fluid extract, the dose of which is 
from y 2 to 1 teaspoonful three times a day before meals. 




INDIAN TURNIP. 

(See Description.) 
This herb is used in Coughs, Consumption and Asthma, also in 
V-olic and Pains in the Bowels. 



HERB REMEDIES. 563 

JABORANDL— (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
For Affections of the Bladde? . 

JACOB'S LADDER — Smilax Peduncularis . — This plant 
consists of a single smooth, vine-like stalk, four or five feet high, 
which sends off branches that cling to shrubbery, fences, or any- 
thing within reach. It grows among bushes on rich soils. The 
root has many circular depressions in its sides like that of the 
Solomon's Seal. 

An infusion of this plant, drank freely, is very useful in 
affections of the bladder; it is said to have the property of dissolv- 
ing stone or gravel. 

JALAP. — (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
For Neuralgia, Whooping Cough, Muscular Rheumatism, etc. 

JAMAICA DOGWOOD— Piscidia Ervthrina. 

Native of West Indies. 

Properties. — The Jamaica Dogwood resembles Opium in its 
physiological properties, but is less intense and without unpleas- 
ant after-effects. It relaxes the system, causes profuse sweating 
and a flow of saliva, and affords relief in neuralgia, whooping 
cough, nervous headache, muscular rheumatism, and other affec- 
tions of a like nature. It is also sometimes used externally to 
allay the pain of burns. 

Dose. — From Yz to % teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 

For Diabetes. 

J AMBUL — Eugenia Jambolana. 

Native of East Indies. 

Properties. — Useful in diabetes to arrest the formation of 
sugar. 

Dose. — From 5 to 10 drops of the fluid extract. 
For Worms, Asthma, Coughs, Suppressed Menstruatio7i. 

JERUSALEM O KYL—Chenopodium Botrys.— Grows all 
over the United States by roadsides and in neglected fields, stands 
about a foot high, bears many small green flowers, and has an 
odor something like Wormseed, but not so strong and more fra- 
grant. It is of the same genus as Wormseed. 

It is used in infusion for worms, asthma, consumption, con- 
vulsive coughs, difficult breathing, etc., and is also useful in 
suppressed menses. The dose is 2 tablespoonfuls, repeated as 
necessary. 



564 M VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Use Externally on Wounds, Sores, Swellings, Ulcers, Tumots; 
Internally, for Diarrhea, Menorrhagia, Nervous Diseases. 

JOHNSWORT — Hypericum Perforatum, called also St. 
Johnswort. — This plant grows in meadows and flowers during 
the early part of June. It rises about two feet high, has round, 
hard, upright stalks with spreading branches, and small leaves of a 
deep green color . The flowers are y ello w and five-leafed , with many 
yellow threads in the middle, which, when bruised, yield a juice like 
blood, and produce small round heads, containing seeds. The 
seeds are black and smell like resin. The root is hard, of a 
brownish color, and has many fibers. 

The tops and blossoms make a good ointment for wounds, 
sores, swellings, ulcers, tumors and rough skins. A tea of the 
leaves produces perspiration, and is beneficial in diseases of the 
lungs. It promotes the excretion of urine and is likewise useful 
for diarrhea, menorrhagia and nervous diseases. A syrup of 
Johnswort combined with Sage is a specific for coughs. The 
dose for a child twelve months old is ^ to 1 teaspoonful; for one 
six months old, y 2 tablespoonful. An ointment made of Johns- 
wort, Bittersweet, Elder bark and Stramonium, is valuable in 
hard, indolent tumors of the breast. For diarrhea or flux, put 2 
ounces of the flowers into a quart of good Brandy, of which the 
patient may take a wineglassful night and morning, after first 
taking a good cathartic. 

For Dropsical Complaints. 

JUNIPER — -funit>erus Commtinis. — This shrub rises to a 
height of about four feet. The leaves are long, sharp, pointed, 
of a dark green color, and stand three together without foot- 
stalks. The fruit consists of berries about the size of a pin, 
containing two or three small, triangular seeds. It flowers in 
June, and the berries, which are the part used, are ripe in August. 

They are gently stimulant and diuretic, and are chiefly used 
in dropsical complaints. They have also been recommended in 
skin diseases, scurvy, etc. They may be given in infusion, pre- 
pared by steeping an ounce of the bruised berries in a pint of 
boiling water, the whole of which may be taken in the course of 
twenty-four hours. 

Fen Worms, Itch, Herpes. 

KAMALA — Mallotus Philippinensis . 

Native of Southern Asia and Abyssinia. 

Properties. — This remedy is used externally in various 
affections of the skin, particularly in itch and herpes, but its 
principal importance is its power to expel tapeworms. For this 






HERB REMEDIES. 565 

purpose it requires no preparatory treatment. In case the first 
dose fails to operate on the bowels, it may be repeated in four 
hours followed by a dose of Castor Oil. 

Dose. — From 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls of the fluid extract. 

Fot Gonorrhea. 

KAVA KAVA—Piper Methysticum. 

Native of South America and South Sea Islands. 

Properties. — Kava Kava increases the secretion and dis- 
charge of urine, is a stimulant of the nervous system and a seda- 
tive of genital excitement. Taken in large doses it produces 
intoxication, which differs from that of alcohol in being without 
excitement, but rather of a quiet and sleepy nature. In smaller 
and moderate doses it resembles Coca in its action in allaying 
fatigue One of its principal uses is in the treatment of gonor- 
rhea, and many experiments have been made with it along this 
line. As a remedy for this disease two or three doses should be 
taken during the day, each accompanied with a full glass of 
water. The gonorrheal discharge is at first increased, and an 
abundant and painless discharge of urine is usually produced by 
the first dose. 

Dose. — From 2 to 4 grains of the solid extract. 

For Colic, Tenesmus, Spasms. 

KNOT GRASS — Polygonum Aviculare. — This is a pale 
green plant which usually grows where the ground has been 
made hard by being trampled. It has many branches spreading 
on the ground, so that the thrifty plant sometimes reaches a foot 
or more each way from the center. The leaves are short and 
small. 

It is beneficial in colic and wind on the stomach, tenesmus 
(a straining of the bowels without effecting evacuation) and 
spasms in any part of the body. It is given in infusion in doses 
of about 1 cupful as often as appears necessary. 

For Whooping Cou^h, Dysentery, Skin Diseases. 

LABRADOR TEA — Ledum Latifolium. — This plant grows 
in damp places in the Northern part of this country and Canada. 
The leaves are broad, oblong, somewhat heart-shaped at the base, 
dark green and smooth above and rusty woolly beneath. They 
have an agreeable odor and taste and possess expectorant and 
tonic properties. 

The leaves in infusion are useful in whooping cough, in 
dysentery, and may also be taken in cases of skin disease. It 
may be drank freely. 



566 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Nervous Diseases, Hyste?ical Affectio?is, Epilepsy, Tremors. 

LADIES' SLIPPER — Cypripedium Pubescens, called also 
American Valerian, Yellow Umbel, Nerve Root, Moc- 
casin Flower, etc. — This plant is common in hills and 
swamps. It grows from twelve to eighteen inches high, and the 
flower is in the form of a purse or round bag with a small open- 
ing near where it joins the stalk. It somewhat resembles a 
moccasin or slipper, hence its name. The roots are fibrous and 
thickly matted together. 

It is a nervine and anti-spasmodic, and is used in nervous 
diseases and hysterical affections to allay pain, quiet the nerves 
and promote sleep; it is beneficial in nervous headache, epilepsy, 
tremors, etc. A dose of the powdered root is a teaspoonful 
diluted in water. It may also be made in decoction. 

For Use Externally in Ringworm, Itch a?id Other Ski?i Affections. 

LAUREL — Kalmia Lati folia, called also Mountain Laurel, 
Calico Bush, Spoon-wood, etc. — This is a shrub growing 
from four to ten feet high. The leaves are evergreen, of an oval 
lance-shape, pointed at both ends, and have a bitterish taste. The 
flowers, which are very beautiful, are of a rose color and shaped 
something like a cup. It grows on mountains and hills. The 
wood is soft when fresh, but becomes very hard and dense when 
cut and dried. 

It is used externally rather than given internally. The 
powdered leaves made into an ointment with lard are an excel- 
lent application for ringworm and other eruptions of this nature. 
A decoction of it is used as a wash in itch and other skin affec- 
tions. The powdered leaves are used as a snuff for catarrh. 
Taken internally, it is a powerful and dangerous medicine. 

Fo7 Flatulence, Fai?iti?ig, Nervous Affections. 

LAVENDER — Lavendula Spica, called also Broad-Leaf 
Lavender, etc. — This plant is cultivated for medicinal purposes. 
The stem is whitish and woody. The leaves are lance-shaped and 
pointed. The flowers are bluish and grow in spikes at the ends 
of the branches. 

It is employed with advantage in flatulence, fainting and 
nervous affections. It is taken in the form of infusion or 
powder. Of the powder, a dose is from Yz to % teaspoonful. 

Fof External Use in Inflammations. 

LEEK, or HOUSE-LEEK — SempervivumTectorum , called 
also Hen-and-Chickens, Live-Forever, Sengreen, etc. — 
This singular plant is very well known bv the name of " Hen- 
and Chickens." 



HERB RBMBDIBS. 567 

The fresh plant is applied as a cold application to ulcers, 
stings of insects, etc. The juice, mixed with cream, is good 
as an application for inflammations, especially of the eyes 
and those of an erysipelatous character, also for burns. It is 
very beneficial taken internally for diseases of an inflammatory 
nature, also beneficial in dysentery. After cleansing the stomach 
and bowels with a good cathartic, give a tablespoonful of the syrup 
of this plant every two hours until the symptoms subside. To 
make the syrup, bruise the green leaves, press out the juice, and 
add to it its weight of white or loaf sugar. 

For Scurvy, Colds, etc. 

LEMON — Citrus Limonum. 

Native of Asia. 

Properties. — The juice of the lemon taken in small doses 
stimulates the stomach and facilitates digestion. The juice of 
one lemon in 1 pint of water, sweetened with sugar, is excellent 
for allaying thirst and, taken hot, is valuable for colds. 

The lemon possesses slight antispasmodic properties. At one 
time it enjoyed some reputation in rheumatism and was recom- 
mended as a remedy in malarial fevers; but these claims and a 
number of others proved to be without foundation. It is of 
undoubted value in scurvy, and when that disease existed was 
used with most excellent results. Wonderful curative properties 
have been in some instances ascribed to it, but later investiga- 
tions have proven these claims to be without foundation. 

For Nervous Diseases, Chronic Rheumatism, Colic, Diarrhea, 
Coughs. 

LETTUCE — Lactuca Saliva. — This plant is valuable as an 
article of diet in many diseases, as hypochondria, nervous com- 
plaints, etc., as it has sedative properties and conduces to sleep. 
Like Wild Lettuce, it contains a quantity of milky juice which is 
of a dark color and has in some degree the odor and taste of 
Opium. Lactucarium is a preparation made from the juice of 
the Lettuce, also sometimes called " Lettuce Opium." The dose 
is from 3 to 5 grains. Lettuce is also employed with advantage 
in allaying the pain of chronic rheumatism and colic, checking 
the frequent stools attending diarrhea, and in relieving coughs. 

For Colds, Coughs, etc. 

LICORICE — Glycyrrhiza Glabra. 
Native of Mediterranean Region and Western Asia. 
Properties. — Licorice promotes the secretions of the con- 
gested mucous membrane of the air passages, and is a valuable 



568 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

remedy in the cure of colds, coughs, etc. Equal parts of this 
root, Lungwort and Iceland Moss, made into a strong decoction 
and sweetened with rock candy, of which as much may be drank 
as the stomach will bear, is said to cure colds bordering on 
consumption. It is also very valuable in pneumonia, and as a 
palliative in the cough of consumptives. Licorice root is also 
largely used in sweetening syrups, and in pharmacy to cover pills 
and give them a proper consistence. 

Dose. — Of the powdered root, from 12 grains to 1 teaspoon- 
ful; of the extract, from ^ to 1 ounce. 

For Disorders of Menstruation. 

LIFE ROOT — Senecio Gracilis, called alsoUNCUM, Natqua, 
Mequot, etc. — This is a native plant growing on the banks of 
creeks and low, marshy grounds in the northern and western 
parts of this country. The root is about the size of a common 
wheat straw, and has many short fibers. The flower stem rises 
from twelve to eighteen inches high and bears yellow flowers. 

It is highly valued in lung affections attended with debility, 
especially the incipient (beginning) stages of consumption. One 
of its most important uses, however, is in cases of suppressed 
menstruation. It is said to be capable of restoring the secretion 
when suppressed, or restraining it if too profuse, and is known to 
many by the name of " Female Regulator." For this purpose it 
is given in the form of decoction, made by adding x / 2 ounce to a 
pint of water, the whole to be taken through the course of the 
day in divided doses. This treatment should be commenced five 
or six days before the expected time of menstruation, and if its 
purpose is not accomplished the first time, it should be repeated 
before the next expected period. In lung diseases, hemorrhages, 
etc. , it is prepared by simmering a suitable quantity of the roots 
in a closely covered vessel until their strength is extracted and 
adding equal parts of honey and loaf sugar to form a syrup, to 
every pint of which may be added y^ gill of the best quality of 
Jamaica Spirits. 

For Liver Complaint, bidigestion, Hypochondria, etc. 

LIVERWORT— Hepatica Triloba, called also Liver Leaf, 
Noble Liverwort, etc. — The leaves of this plant, which some- 
what resemble a clover leaf, live through the winter, and the 
flowers appear early in the spring, sometimes when the snow is 
yet falling. They are small and white, and drooping at first, but 
spread out as they unfold. See illustration. 

This plant has no smell and very little taste, but it is much 
employed in liver complaints, indigestion, hypochondria, etc. It 




LOBELIA. 

(See Description.) 
This herb is exceedingly valuable in Asthma, Croup, Whooping Cough 
and Pulmonary Diseases generally, and is also used as an emetic. 



HERB RBMBDIBS. 569 

is given in the form of infusion, either warm or cold, and may be 
drank freely without regard to quantity. 

For Poultice to Inflamed and Sore Surfaces. 

LIZARD'S TAIL — Saururus Cernuus, called also Swamp 
L,ii,y, etc. — The fresh root is applied in the form of poultices to 
inflamed and swelled surfaces. Roasted and applied as a poul- 
tice, it is very beneficial in lumbago, pains in the breast, sore 
nipples, etc. 

For Asthma, Croup, Whooping Cough, Pulmonary Diseases Gen- 
erally, as an Emetic. 

LOBELIA — Lobelia Fiflata, called also Emetic Herb, 
Indian Tobacco, Wild Tobacco, Puke Weed and Asthma 
Weed. — Grows in dry open places all over the United States, 
from one to two feet in height, and blosfoms from June to 
October, bearing a small blue flower growing out of a capsule. 
The capsule contains two cells, and is very full of small black 
seeds. See Illustration. 

Exceedingly valuable in asthma, croup, whooping cough 
and pulmonary diseases generally. The leaves, seeds and 
inflated capsules may be given in the form of powders or 
tincture. A dose of the powder is 1 to 5 grains; of the tincture, 
10 to 20 drops. In asthma the dose should be repeated in about 
half an hour if the paroxysm continues. For croup, teaspoonful 
doses of the tincture are recommended to be taken in connection 
with warm drinks of some simple herb tea until vomiting occurs. 

For Hysteria and Nervous Disorders, E?uptions. 

LOVAGE — Ligusticu?n Levisticum, called also Smellage 
and IyAvosE. — Has small oblong seeds, strongly ribbed and of a 
yellowish brown color. 

The seeds may be given in powder, of which the dose is 10 
to 20 grains, or infusion, and are considered valuable in hysteria 
and nervous disorders and to bring out the rash in eruptive fevers. 

For Dysentery, Strangury, Urinary Affections. 

LOW MALLOW— Malva Rotundifolia, called also Cheese 
Plant. — This is a very common, creeping plant, that bears a 
fruit popularly called "cheeses." 

It is useful in decoction for dysentery, strangury and all 
urinary difficulties and complaints, also for injections. It makes 
a soothing poultice applied warm. 



570 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Pulmonary Affections. 

LUNG W O R T — Pulmonaria Officinalis. — This is an 
European plant, but there are native allied plants, such as the 
Virginia lungwort . It is an expectorant and used as an ingre- 
dient in cough mixtures. It is beneficial in the various pulmo- 
nary affections. 

For Coughs, Hoarseness, Asthma , Tickling of the Throat, Pleurisy. 

MAIDEN HAIR — Adiantum Pedatum, called also Rock 
Fern. — This fern has a large brown root, which sends up a 
compound of tinted leaves and stem about a foot in height. The 
branches are of a shining chestnut color, forked upward, and 
each subdivided into from four to seven small ones. The color 
of the leaves is a pale green. It grows in rich soil and deep 
woods, and may be collected at any time. It may be given 
freely in decoction, or in syrup, and is useful in coughs and 
hoarseness; also in asthma and tickling of the throat, in pleurisies 
and all disorders of the bronchial tubes, larynx and breast. A 
decoction is prepared by pouring a pint of boiling water on an 
ounce of the plant, straining when cold and adding sufficient 
sugar to sweeten. 

F07 Tapeworm. 

MALE FERN — Aspidium Filix Mas, called also Shield 
Fern. — This plant grows in shady pine forests. The proper 
time for collecting it is during the summer. The dried root is 
externally of a brown color and internally of a yellowish white or 
reddish. 

It is much used as a vermifuge in cases of tapeworm. A 
dose of the powdered root is from 2 to 3 drachms. Two hours 
after taking a purgative must be taken in order to expel the 
worm. Another form of giving it is the Oleoresin in doses of from 30 
to 50 drops, half to be taken, at night and the other half in the 
morning; to be followed in about an hour by 1% ounces of 
Castor Oil. 

For Venereal, Scrofulous and Dyspeptic Complaints, Dropsy, hicon- 
tinence of Urine. 

MANDRAKE— Podophyllum Peltatum, called also May 
Apple, Indian Apple, etc. — The Mandrake has a jointed, 
running root, half the size of the finger. The stem of the plant 
grows about a foot high and is enveloped at its base by the 
sheaths which covered it when in bud. It divides at the top 
into two stems from three to six inches long, each one supporting 




MARSHMALLOW. 

(See Description.) 

This herb is used externally as a poultice on Inflammatory 
Tumors and Swellings, and to prevent threatened Mortification. 



HERB REM BD IBS. 5 7 1 

a large leaf which resembles the hand spread out. In the fork 
of the stem is a large white flower. The fruit is of a yellowish 
color, and somewhat resembles a small apple. 

The dried root of the Mandrake is easily reduced to powder. 
It is given internally, and is very valuable in chronic diseases, 
such as venereal, scrofulous, bilious and dyspeptic complaints, 
also in dropsy. It is also of the greatest service in incontinence 
of urine. For a cathartic, give from 15 to 20 grains of the 
powdered root; as an alterative, in chronic cases, from 1 to 3 
grains twice a day. The resin of the Mandrake, called Podo- 
phyllin, may be substituted for the powdered root and given in 
grain doses. Podophyllin pills may be obtained at any drug 
store. 

For Low Forms of Fevers, Scrofula, Jaundice, Suppressed Menstrua- 
tion. 

MARIGOLD — Calendula Officinalis. — This plant is well 
known in ornamental gardens. It has a peculiar, rather disa- 
greeable odor, which is lost by drying. The taste is rough, 
bitter and salty. 

The flowers are made into an infusion and daily given in 
low forms of fevers, scrofula, jaundice and suppressed menstrua- 
tion. Also given in scarlet fever, measles, etc., to bring out the 
rash. 

For External Application to Inflammatory Tumors and Swellings, 
especially those that threaten to run into a gangrenous state. 

MARSHMALLOW—Althtz Officinalis, called also Morti- 
fication Root. — This plant grows plentifully along banks and 
rivers and in marshy places. The root is fleshy, about the size 
of the finger, and is of a white color. The plant rises from three 
to four feet in height, has smooth, downy, heart-shaped leaves, 
and large, single, light rose flowers. See illustration. 

The most important use of the Marshmallow is in the form 
of a poultice, the application of which will subdue inflammation, 
and prevent mortification when threatened. Also applied to 
inflammatory tumors and swellings of every kind. For this 
purpose the root should be cut into small pieces, bruised as finely 
as possible and boiled in sweet milk, to which a small quantity 
of powdered Kim bark may be added from time to time until it 
becomes sufficiently thick. It should be applied as warm as can 
be borne, and renewed as often as it becomes dry. It is so 
valuable in inflammations that threaten to run into a gangrenous 
state that the name of " Mortification Root" is often given to it. 
It is made into an ointment and used in herpetic (See Herpes) 
affections to allay itching and burning. Take ^2 ounce of the 



572 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

dried roots and boil in 2 pints of water down to 1 pint. This 
makes a valuable wash for canker of the mouth. It is given 
internally freely in the form of decoction, and is beneficial in 
diseases of the urinary organs, dysentery, gonorrhea and bron- 
chitis. 

For Relaxed Conditions, as of the Bowels, Falling of the Womb, 
Leucorrhea, Gonorrhea, etc., a?id Ulcerous Conditions, espe- 
cially of the Mouth and Throat. 

MARSH ROSEMARY— Statice Limonium, called also 
Seaside Thrift, Ska Lavkndkr and Ink Root. — Is of the 
same genus as Thrift, elsewhere described, and grows in the 
salt marshes along our seacoast. The root is large, fleshy and 
branched, and of a purplish brown color. The flowers are blue. 

The root is a tonic and a powerful astringent. Used as a 
gargle in ulcerous sore throat, in connection with a little Capsi- 
cum, it is considered a certain cure. Used also as a gargle in 
thrush of the malignant variety and all ulcerous conditions of the 
mouth and throat. Also used as a wash or injection in leucorrhea, 
gonorrhea, gleet and immoderate flow of the menses. It may be 
taken internally in the form of decoction, infusion or syrup in 
small, repeated doses, and is useful in hemorrhage, cholera infan- 
tum, chronic dysentery, and any relaxed condition of the bowels, 
falling of the womb, etc. Also much used in the putrid sore throat 
accompanying scarlet fever. A good way to make the decoction 
is with milk, an ounce of the root to a pint of milk, the dose in 
severe cases being a tablespoonful every hour. Or a tincture of 
2 ounces of the root to ^ ounce of Cinnamon bark, to which is 
added 1 pint of Brandy, the dose being from 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls. 
The powdered root makes a good dust for old sores. 

For Hemorrhages. 

MATICO — Piper Augustifolium . 

Native of Tropical America from Mexico as far south as 
Brazil and Peru. 

Properties. — It is absorbed into the blood and appears to 
produce a constriction of the minute blood vessels, making it a 
valuable remedy in hemorrhages, as of the lungs, stomach, 
bowels, etc. In its native home the green leaves are applied 
direct to bleeding surfaces. This remedy has also been used in 
the treatment of bronchitis, leucorrhea, gonorrhea and various 
other diseases, but its chief use, as above stated, is in checking 
hemorrhages. 

Dose. — Of the powder, from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls several times 
a day; of the extract, from ^ to 1 teaspoonful. 



HERB REMEDIES. 573 

For Rheumatism, Hysterical Affections, Epilepsy, Drobsy, Asthma, 
Scrofula, etc. 

MAYWEED — Anthemis Cotula, called also Wild Chamo- 
mile, Dog's Fennel, etc. — This plant is found in open fields 
everywhere; it never grows in the shade. The root is crooked 
and fibrous. The stem is from one to two feet high and very 
much branched, and both the stems and leaves are covered with 
short, woolly hairs. 

The properties of Mayweed are similar to those of Chamo- 
mile, for which it may be substituted. It is weaker, however, 
and less pleasant to the taste. It is extensively used for rheum- 
atism, hysterics, epilepsy, dropsy, asthma, scrofula and other 
complaints, both internally and externally. For rheumatism, 
hysterical fits, suffocations, swellings, pains and contusions, it is 
used externally in warm baths. Internally, the flowering tops 
are given in decoction or infusion for colds, fevers, rheumatism, 
asthma, etc. If given too strong, it produces vomiting, and even 
a weak infusion may nauseate the stomach. In small doses it is 
a gentle tonic. It produces a copious perspiration. 

For Vitiated Blood and Eruptions of the Skin. 

MEADOW FERN— Myrica Gale, called also Sweet 
Gale, Bog Myrtle, Dutch Myrtle, etc. — This grows in beds 
or patches in wet meadows and about the edges of ponds and 
streams. The stem grows from two to five feet high, is much 
branched and covered with reddish bark. The leaves are narrow 
at the base, but increase in width toward the end. The flowers 
are succeeded by small green burrs or seed vessels, which grow 
in clusters on the branches. These burrs attain their full size 
about the middle of August, when they should be collected and 
carefully dried. This fern grows more abundantly in the New 
England States than others. It makes a valuable ointment for 
external application in itch and all troublesome humors or 
eruptions of the skin. A decoction of the burr, sweetened 
with honey and taken in the quantity of a teacupful three times 
a day, is beneficial in the above complaints to purify the blood 
and restore the skin to a healthy tone, and is sometimes used as 
an injection into the urethra in gonorrhea and gleet. 

For Syphilis, Chronic Rheumatism and Skin Diseases. 

MEZEREON — Daphne Mezereum. — This is a low shrub 
that grows in woods and shady places. Found plentifully in the 
vicinity of the Ohio River. It is also cultivated in gardens. The 
whole plant is so corrosive that six of its berries are said to kill a 
wolf. The bark of the root when chewed for some time causes 
great burning in the mouth and throat. 



574 FAVORITE, MEDICAL RECEIPTS, 

It is given in the form of decoction, as follows: 2 drachms of 
the bark with x / 2 ounce of Licorice Root, boiled in 3 pints of water 
down to 2 pints, of which a wineglassful may be given four times 
a day. It is principally used in syphilis; also used in chronic 
rheumatism and skin diseases. 

For Dropsy, Catarrh, Scrofulous and Rheumatic Disorders, Worms. 

MILKWEED — Asclepias Syriaca, called also Silk weed. — 
This is a common and well known plant, growing in sandy places 
along roadsides. The stem grows from three to five feet high 
and has oblong, lance-shaped leaves which are downy on the 
under surface. The flowers are large, of a pale purple and sweet- 
scented. The pod is covered with short prickles, and contains a 
large quantity of silky down. 

This plant is a valuable remedy in dropsy, and is also bene- 
ficial in catarrh, scrofulous and rheumatic disorders, disordered 
condition of the system generally and worms in children. A 
decoction is made by boiling 8 ounces of the dried root in 
3 quarts of water, of which the dose for dropsy is a gill taken 
four times a day, the dose to be increased according to its effect. 
For other complaints a larger dose may be taken. A tincture of 
the root in Gin is also used in dropsy and gravelly disorders. 

For Epilepsy. 

MISTLETOE — Viscum Verticillatum. — This plant is found 
growing on various trees, usually on Oak. It has clusters of 
smooth white berries that remain on throughout the winter, each 
berry containing a single fleshy seed. It should be separated 
from the Oak about the last of November, carefully dried, 
ground into a fine powder and put into a well-stoppered bottle; 
it should not be left exposed to the air. 

It is used as a remedy for epilepsy. To begin with the dose 
may be a teaspoonful four times a day taken in Valerian tea 
and increased to 2 or 3 teaspoonfuls, according to its effect. 

For Nervous Affections of Women. 

MOTHER WO R T — Leonurus Cardiaca — This valuable 
plant has a strong stalk, square and brownish, rising from two to 
four feet high and spreading into many branches. The leaves are 
broad and long, two at every joint, and notched about the edge. 
The flowers grow around the branches from about the middle to 
the top. They are of a red or purple color, and grow out of 
prickly husks or burrs. 

This plant is a tonic and antispasmodic. It relieves hysteri- 
cal symptoms, produces sleep, abates delirium and allays spasms 
of the womb. It is very beneficial to females who suffer from 



HERB REMEDIES. 575 

tenderness about the lower bowels and loins. It will also bring 
on the menses. It may be given in powder, a tablespoonful at a 
dose; or the expressed juice, y^ tablespoonful; or in infusion or 
decoction, which may be drank freely. The decoction may be 
made by adding 2 ounces of the dried herb to a quart of water 
and boiling down to 1 pint. The dose is from 1 to 2 tablespoon- 
fuls every two hours during the day. 

For Paralysis, Muscular Rheumatism, Nervous Affections. 

MOUNTAIN ARNICA— Arnica Montana, called also 
I^EOpard's Bane. — This plant has a woody, brownish root, 
which ends rather abruptly and sends forth slender fibers of the 
same color. It has a hairy stem, about a foot high, which ends 
in two or three flower stalks that bear a single large flower of a 
fine orange yellow color. The flowers, leaves and root are all 
employed as medicine, but the flowers are preferred. 

It acts with great energy on the brain and nervous system, 
and may be given with advantage in paralysis, muscular rheuma- 
tism and nervous affections. It is given in substance or infusion. 
A dose of the powder is from 5 to 10 grains, frequently repeated. 
The infusion may be made by adding an ounce of the flowers to 
a pint of water, of which from 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls may be given 
every two or three hours. The infusion should always be strained 
through linen as otherwise the fine fibers of the plant might irri- 
tate the throat. 

For Tonic Purposes, especially in Fevers. 

MOUNTAIN ASH — Sorbus Americana, called also Ser- 
vice Tea. — This is a small tree, reaching to the height of ten to 
twenty feet. It bears a fruit in the shape of a bright scarlet 
berry about the size of a pea. 

The bark, which is the part used in medicine, smells and 
tastes like Cherry bark, but is more astringent. It is a fine tonic, 
and also possesses antiseptic properties, making it a valuable 
remedy in fevers. It is used in infusion, and may be drank 
freely, or according to its effects. The berries are used as a 
remedy in scurvy. 

For Periodic Fevers, Rheumatism, Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria. 

M O UN TA I N SAG E— Sierra Salvia, called also Sage 
Bush. — This plant is found in territory adjoining the eastern 
slope of the Rocky Mountains. There is a large variety of the 
genus known as Sage Bush found all over the western part of 
this country. 

It is a valuable remedy in the treatment of periodic fevers, 
as remittent, intermittent, etc., for which purpose a teaspoonfu) 



576 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

of the fluid extract may be given in a glass of hot lemonade about 
an hour before the expected chill, and repeated in thirty minutes 
if sweating has not been produced. In rheumatism, scarlet 
fever, diphtheria, etc., it is also given hot, as above, and repeated 
every thirty minutes until sweating and free urination take place. 
Dose. — From i to 2 teaspoonfuls of the fluid extract. 

For Diarrhea, Colics, Scalding- Urine, Consumption, Piles, Scalds, 
Wounds, Swellings, Sprains, Inflammation, Sores, Weak 
Eyes. 

MULLEIN — Verbascum Thapsus. — Grows plentifully along 
roads and in old fields. Too common to need description. 

An infusion of the leaves and flowers combined is given 
with advantage in looseness of the bowels and diarrhea, in colics 
and scalding urine, and is also useful in consumption. It may be 
drank freely. Also makes a good wash for piles, scalds, and 
wounds in cattle. In the form of a poultice the leaves and pith 
of the stalk are useful in white swellings, sprains and inflamma- 
tions. The leaves boiled in vinegar are applied with advantage 
to offensive sores, swellings and contracted sinews. The blossoms 
saturated with rose water make an excellent wash for weak eyes. 

For External Application to allay Pain. 

MUSTARD— Sinapis Alba.— The flowers of this plant are 
small, yellow, and disposed in a terminal cluster. See illustra- 
tion. 

Ground Mustard seed makes an excellent external applica- 
tion in all cases of pain. It is used in the form of plasters, 
spread on cloth, and is excellent to relieve inflammation, to arouse 
the system in apoplectic conditions, in the last stages of low 
typhus fever, and to prevent the return of convulsions in adults 
and children it should never be omitted. It is also used in the 
treatment of cholera, cholera infantum, etc., applied in poultices 
to the abdomen. To make a Mustard plaster so it will not blister, 
beat the white of an egg, add a little flour, then enough of the 
Mustard to make a soft paste; it should not be stirred thick. 
Spread it on a cloth — a piece of old cotton or linen — large enough 
to fold back over it, apply, and la}' several thicknesses of cloth 
above it to prevent soiling clothing. Mustard foot baths are given 
to induce sweating and to draw the blood away from the brain or 
other organs when in a congested state. 

For Tonic, Gargle, Application to Ulcers arid Sores. 

NANNY BUSH — Viburnum Lentago. — A shrub growing 
from eight to fifteen feet high, usually in damp, rich soils. 



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HERB REMEDIES. 577 

The bark is dark gray and rough, and the berries, which are 
black, hang in clusters from the end of the limbs. Their taste 
is sweet. 

An infusion of the bark of the root taken in tablespoonful 
doses makes an excellent tonic; and a decoction of the same 
makes a valuable wash for old ulcers and sores, and is particu- 
larly good as a gargle for the throat. 

For Gravel ', Hemorrhage, Diarrhea. 

NETTLE — Urtica Dioica. — This common plant needs no 
description. The juice is astringent, and is good in gravelly 
complaints, internal hemorrhage and spitting of blood. The 
decoction is beneficial for those who make bloody urine and for 
consumption in its early stages. Also, sweetened with sugar, is 
much used in diarrhea and dysentery. 

The better way to prepare it is to make a strong syrup of 
the Nettle, bark of the Wild Cherry and Blackberry root. 
These articles should be boiled and the liquid strained off, to 
each pint of which should be added from ^ to 1 pound of loaf 
sugar and a gill of good Brandy, together with a little Cinna- 
mon, Allspice or Nutmeg. The dose for a child from one to 
two years old is a teaspoonful, often repeated; for an adult, from 
^ to 1 wineglassful five or six times daily. Before giving this 
preparation a laxative should be given, as, for instance, Rhubarb. 
This is an effectual treatment in all bowel complaints, and is a 
valuable preparation in the summer complaints of children. 

For Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Epilepsy, Asthma, Bronchitis, Coughs, 
Diseases of the Lmigs. 

NEW JERSEY TEA — Ceanothus Americanus, called also 
Red Root, Wild Snowbaix, Bohba, etc. — A shrub, bearing 
small white flowers" in clusters. Found in New Jersey, Penn- 
sylvania, New York and the Western States. The bark of the 
root has the smell and taste of Peach leaves and imparts a red 
color to water. 

Given in decoction, it is esteemed a useful remedy in syphi- 
litic complaints, in gonorrheal discharges, in epilepsy, asthma, 
chronic bronchitis, consumption and all diseases of the lungs. 
As an expectorant it is very valuable in coughs where there is 
no inflammation. The bark of the root may be employed 
in tincture in doses of from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful 
three or four times a day; or the stems, leaves and seeds may be 
used in decoction or strong infusion, drank cold, about a pint in 
the course of the day, 

37 



578 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Heart Troubles, Drot>sy, Threatened Apoplexy and Rheumatism. 

NIGHT-BLOOMING CEREUS— Cactus Grandiftorus. 
Native of West Indies. 

Properties. — Especially useful in functional diseases of the 
heart attended with much irregularity of action, relieving or 
removing the symptoms — frequently giving prompt relief. It 
has been found serviceable in palpitation, angina pectoris and 
other affections of the heart, in rheumatism, dropsy and threat- 
ened apoplexy. 

Dose. — From 10 to 20 drops of the fluid extract. 

For Asthma, Colds, Fevers and Bowel Complaints. 

NINE BARK — Spircea Opulifolia, called also Snowball, 
Hardhack, etc. — This is a shrub with white flowers found in 
wet places. It grows from three to five feet in height. There 
are many shrubs called by this name, but are not the true Nine 
Bark. 

It is used principally as an external application, either in 
fomentation or poultice, in burns, mortifications, swellings, etc. 
It is taken internally in warm infusion for asthma, colds, fevers 
and bowel complaints. 

NUX VOMICA.— (See A Chapter on Medicines). 

For Gall-Stones, to Prevent Lead Poisoning, etc. 

OLIVE— Oleum Oliv<z. 

Native of the Mediterranean Region. 

Properties. — Olive Oil in the dose of 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls 
acts as a mild laxative, sometimes given to infants in teaspoonful 
doses for this purpose. It is extensively used by workmen in 
white lead factories to keep the bowels free and prevent lead 
poisoning. It is taken in large doses, say from 6 to 12 table- 
spoonfuls, in case of gall-stones. Large doses have also been 
known to kill and expel tapeworms. It is applied locally to the 
bites and stings of insects, also to wounds, burns, and, warmed, 
to bruises and sprains. It is employed as an article of food, and 
is put to many other uses. 

Dose. — As above. 

Note. — Most of the so-called Olive Oil on the market is Cotton-Seed 
Oil. Cotton-Seed Oil is comparatively inexpensive, and the public is 
unable to detect the difference. There may be many instances where this 
substitution offers no serious objection, but for internal use there should be 
some way of detecting the difference. This, however, is a difficult matter, 
and there are no simple means of accomplishing it. 



HERB REMEDIES. 579 

For Poulticing, Colds and Croup in Children, Dropsies, Suppression 
of Urine, Gravel, etc. 

ONION — Allium Cepa. — Roasted and split, onions are 
applied to boils and tumors in which pus is forming. They ease 
the pain and hasten the formation of the pus. The juice pressed 
out and made into a syrup with sugar is given to children for 
colds, croup, etc. As a food they are recommended in dropsies, 
suppression of urine, gravel, etc. 

OPIUM. — (See A Chapter on Medicinks). 

For Debility after Sickness, Scalding Urine, Rheumatism, Colic, 
Paralysis, Piles. 

OSWEGO TEA — Monarda Didyma, called also Moun- 
tain Bai,m, Square Stalk, Rkd Balm, etc. — Has many heads 
of flowers of a bright scarlet, and is a very handsome plant. It 
is of the same genus as Horsemint. 

Much esteemed in protracted illness where stimulants are 
required for a long time. Said to be valuable in piles, scalding 
urine, rheumatism, colic and paralysis. Given in infusion freely. 

For Diarrhea, Dysentery, Cholera Morbus, Colic, Night Sweats. 

PARACOTO, or COTO, BARK. 

Native of Bolivia and Brazil. 

Properties. — This remedy is used in diarrhea, dysentery, 
cholera morbus and colic, its chief use being to check chronic 
diarrhea attended with general debility. It has also been success- 
fully used to check night sweats. 

Preparations. — Cotoin and Paracotoin. 

Dose. — Of Cotoin, from 1 to 2 or 3 grains three times a day, 
taken well diluted in water; of Paracotoin, from 2 to 3 or 4 
grains, also well diluted. 

For Dropsy, Bladder and Kidney Affections, Gravel, Obstructions 
of the Liver, faundice. 

PARSLEY — Angelica Petroselinum, called also Rock 
Parsi/Ey. — A very common plant, rising about two feet in height 
and bearing small yellow flowers. 

The whole plant may be used in infusion, or a decoction 
made of the roots and seeds, either of which may be drank freely. 
It is used in dropsy, affections of the bladder and kidneys, gravel, 
obstructions of the liver and jaundice. The bruised leaves make 
a good poultice. 



5 8o FAVORITE, MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Kidneys and Bladder. 

PARSLEY P1ERT— Aphanes Arvensis, called also 
Breakstone. — Found in the Southern States, particularly in 
Maryland. 

A valuable remedy in gravel and all diseases of the kidneys 
and bladder. Take an ounce of the plant and pour on i pint of 
boiling water; steep, but not boil. 

Dose. — A gill three times a day. 
For Confinement, Dropsy, Gout, Suppression of Urine. 

PARTRIDGE BERRY— Mitchella Repens, called also 
Squaw Vine, Checkerberry, One-Berry, Winter Clover. 
— A small evergreen vine, running along the ground, usually 
found among hemlock timber in swampy places. It has small, 
round green leaves, a white flower and a bright scarlet berry. 

Famous among the Indians for lessening the labor of child- 
birth, the squaws drinking it for two or three weeks previous to 
and during delivery. It may be advantageously used in dropsy, 
gout and suppression of urine. It may be taken freely in infusion 
or made an ingredient in syrups. The herb and the berries are 
both used. 

For Tonic Purposes. 

PEACH TRE E — Amygdalus Persica. — The dried fruit, 
stewed with sugar, is laxative, and is very wholesome for inva- 
lids who are troubled with costiveness. The kernel of the pit 
has a bitter, yet pleasant taste, and makes a very valuable medi- 
cine. 

A syrup or cordial of the kernels is very useful to improve 
the tone of the stomach and bowels and invigorate the digestive 
powers. A tincture made of the kernels makes a powerful tonic, 
which is used in fever and ague, debility, etc., and is a valuable 
remedy in the treatment of leucorrhea. The dose of the tincture 
is a teaspoonful three times a day. An ounce of the flowers and 
kernels in equal proportions boiled in a pint of water, to which is 
added ^ pound of sugar, is excellent, taken in teaspoonful doses, 
for children teething and suffering from worms. 

For Suppression of Urine or Menses. 

PENNYROYAL — Hedeoma Pulegioides. — This plant grows 
all over the United States and Canada in dry woods and plains. 
The root is small and yellowish. The leaves are small and of an 
oblong lance-shape. The flowers are a pale blue with purplish 
spots. 



HBRB RBMBD1BS. 5 8 1 

It is a popular remedy for suppressed urine and menses. For 
this purpose it is taken in infusion, which brings on a general 
perspiration. It should be made into a strong tea and taken 
warm freely and frequently. 

For Nausea, Vomiting, Heartburn, Flatulent Colic, Bowel Complaints. 

PEPPERMINT-/^A Piperita.— The Peppermint 
grows from one to two feet high and bears spikes of purple 
flowers. It has a well known odor. 

It is given in powder, infusion, essence or oil. Of the 
essence the dose is from 5 to 10 drops. The infusion is made by 
adding an ounce of the herb to a quart of boiling water, and 
may be taken freely. It is a very valuable remedy in complaints 
of the stomach. It is excellent to allay vomiting, sickness at the 
stomach, heartburn, flatulent colic, bowel complaint, cholera 
morbus, etc. The fresh herb, bruised and applied to the pit of 
the stomach, will cure nausea. 

For Diarrhea, Chronic Dysentery, Hemorrhage of the Womb. 

PERSIMMON — Diospyrus Virginiana, called also Seeded 
Plum. — The Persimmon tree is a native of the Southern States. 
It often grows to a height of sixty feet, and has a trunk eighteen 
or twenty inches in diameter. The farther north it grows, the 
smaller it becomes. An old tree is covered with a furrowed, 
blackish bark. It bears flowers of a pale orange color, and 
berries which are of a dark yellow color when perfectly ripe and 
contain numerous seeds in a soft yellow pulp. The flowers 
appear in May and June, but the fruit is not ripe until the middle 
of autumn. In a green state the fruit is excessively astringent, 
but after being touched by the frost it becomes sweet and 
pleasant to the taste. 

The unripe fruit is used in infusion or syrup, prepared in the 
proportion of about 1 ounce of the bruised fruit to 4 tablespoon- 
fuls of liquid, and given in the dose of a teaspoonful or more for 
infants, and a taMespoonful for adults, for diarrhea, chronic dys- 
entery, and hemorrhage of the womb. The bark is employed in 
the form of a gargle in ulcerated sore throat. 

PERUVIAN BARK.— (See A Chapter on Medicines). 

For Diseases of the Bladder and Kidneys. 

PHILADELPHIA FLEABANE— Erigeron Philadelphi- 
cum, called also Scabious. — This plant is generally called Scab- 
ious. It has a branching, yellowish root, and from one to five 
stems, which rise two or three feet in height and are much 
branched at the top. The whole plant is covered with short 



582 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

hairs. The lower leaves are supported on long foot-stalks; the 
upper are narrow, oblong, somewhat wedge-shaped, and slightly 
embrace the stem. The flowers are numerous. 

This plant is of the same genus as the Scabious, elsewhere 
described, and is useful in dropsical and kidney affections, 
especially in irritability of the bladder. It is usually given in 
decoction made of an ounce of the herb to a pint of water, all of 
which may be taken within twenty-four hours. 

For Hydrophobia , Old Ulcers. 

PIMPERNEL — Anagallis Arvensis, called also Red 
Chickweed. — Has square stalks, lying on the ground, and the 
flowers, which are of a pale red color, stand singly. The root is 
fibrous. 

The Germans esteem it infallible in hydrophobia, the dose 
being half a teaspoonful of the powdered herb repeated in eight 
hours. The decoction makes a useful wash for cleansing old 
ulcers. Applied as a poultice, it draws out thorns and other 
foreign substances from the flesh. 

For Erysipelas *, Tetter, Salt Rheum, Snake Bites and other Poisonous 
Wounds, Leucorrhea, Piles, Salt Rheum. 

PLANTAIN — Plantago Majoi, called also Large Plan- 
tain, Round-Leaved Plantain, etc. — Common in all parts of 
the country * Needs no description. 

The leaves make an excellent ointment for erysipelas, tetter 
or salt rheum. Also remarkably effectual in poisons of all kinds. 
For snake bites take the expressed (pressed out) juice of Plantain 
and of Horehound, equal parts, in tablespoonful doses as often 
as the stomach will bear. If the fresh plant is not at hand, the 
dried leaves may be used, prepared by boiling in milk. It will be 
found useful in the treatment of wounds, leucorrhea and piles. 

For Pleurisy, Pains in the Chest, Low Stages of Feb? He and Inflam- 
matory Diseases. 

PLEURISY ROOT, or WHITE ROOT — Asclepias 
Tuberosa, called also Butterfly Weed, Orange Swallowwort, 
etc. — Grows in poor and gravelly soils in open situations; it is 
rarely met in rich soils. The root is large, fleshy, of a white 
color, and when dried is brittle and may be easily reduced to 
powder. The stems are round, hairy, and may be either green 
or red. The leaves are very hairy and pale beneath. The 
flowers are of a bright orange color, giving the plant a brilliant 
appearance. The seeds are contained in long, slender pods, to 
which is attached a kind of silk. 







POKE WEED. 

(See Description.) 
This herb is used externally on Abscesses. Cancers and Ulcers, and is 
Sjiven internally in Chronic and Syphilitic Rheumatism. 



HERB REMEDIES. 5 8 3 

This plant produces perspiration, and will relieve the difficult 
breathing of patients who are laboring under attacks of pleurisy, 
hence one of its popular names. It relieves difficulty of breath- 
ing in general, together with pains in the chest, and in low 
stages of febrile and inflammatory diseases it has been known to 
excite perspiration when other sudorifics (sweating medicines) 
had failed. It is given to infants who are teething, also in 
cholera infantum. It is used with advantage in affections of the 
lungs, also in acute rheumatism, in dysentery, colic and similar 
affections. It may be given in infusion or powder, a dose of the 
latter being from ^ to ^ teaspoonful three times a day. A 
strong infusion of this plant may be given in chronic dysentery 
with great success. 

For Cancerous Tumors, Epilepsy, Convulsions, Lockjaw, Hydro- 
phobia. 

POISON HEMLOCK— Conium Macula turn.— The stalks 
of this plant grow from six to seven feet in height, are branched 
near the top and furrowed near the bottom, and covered with a 
bluish exudation appearing like a fine powder. The roots grow 
about eight inches long and are of the size of the finger. It 
grows in New England and the North Central States, and is 
found in waste places and along streams. The lower leaves are 
about a foot long; the upper leaves are smaller. They are the 
part used in medicine, and should be gathered when the plant is 
in full bloom or when the fruit begins to form. In a fresh state 
they are of a dull dark green color, but on drying they become a 
grayish green and have a characteristic odor which has been 
compared to the urine of mice. It is a very poisonous plant, but 
is not dangerous in small doses often repeated and gradually 
increased. 

The leaves are much applied externally to cancerous tumors. 
They are also given internally in affections such as epilepsy, 
neuralgia, convulsions, lockjaw and hydrophobia, and are said to 
relieve whooping cough, asthma and spasmodic laryngitis. Dose 
of the extract, from 3 to 5 grains twice a day; of the powdered 
leaves, from 2 to 3 grains. A fomentation may be made by 
adding an ounce of the leaves to a pint of boiling water. A 
plaster for application to tumors is made by taking 2 ounces 
each of Hemlock, Wax and Resin and 1 ounce of Olive Oil, melt- 
ing and spreading on leather. 

For External Application to Abscesses, Cancers and Ulcers, and 
Internal Use in Syphilitic Rheumatism. 

POKE WEED — Phytolacca Decandria, called also Garget, 
Coakum, Pigeon Berry, etc. — This plant has a very large root, 



584 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

often five or six inches in diameter, and is usually divided into 
three or four branches, which are whitish within and brownish 
outside. The stems of the plant grow to a height of six or 
eight feet. They are of a green color when young, but turn pur- 
ple after the berries have ripened. The leaves are large. The 
flowers, which grow along the stem, something after the manner 
of grapes, are succeeded by dark purple berries. Bach berry is 
divided into ten cells, and each cell contains one seed. It grows 
abundantly in all parts of the United States, flourishing along 
fences and by the borders of woods, and in appearance is a very 
Striking plant. See illustration. 

The root of this plant is covered with tow, roasted, and 
applied to scrofulous and hard abscesses to disperse them, and is 
very valuable for this purpose; or a poultice for the same purpose 
is made of the powdered and dried root mixed with Slippery 
Elm. The pulverized root is also combined with Blood Root as a 
snuff and used for polypus of the nose. The young shoots and 
leaves of the plant are eaten like asparagus and spinach, but the 
old leaves are not good to eat in this way. The juice of the plant 
is alterative, and beneficial in chronic and syphilitic rheumatism, 
1 tablespoonful to be taken every four hours. A strong decoction 
of equal parts of this root, Blood Root and Sumach bark or 
berries makes a good injection for cancers and ulcers of the 
womb. 

For Diseases of the Liver, Lungs and Skin. 

POLYPODY — Polypodium Vulgare. — This is a well known 
fern, growing in large beds on the sides of rocks and shady hills. 
The root is about the size of a goose quill, is creeping, rough and 
irregular. The fronds or leaves are six or eight inches in length. 

It is a valuable medicine. It appears to exercise a curative 
influence in diseases of the liver, both acute and chronic; also to 
relieve difficulty of breathing, tightness of the chest, and coughs 
either dry or loose, also dyspeptic symptoms; and is beneficial in 
diseases of the skin, such as salt rheum, erysipelas, and erup- 
tions of a red color. 

An infusion may be prepared by adding a teaspoon ful of the 
powdered root or leaves to a pint of boiling water, sweetening 
with loaf sugar and taking in the course of twenty-four hours. 

For Expulsion of Tapeworm. 

POMEGRANATE— Pumica Granatum. 
Native of Southwestern Asia. 

Properties. — The principal use to which this remedy is put 
is the expulsion of tapeworm. For this purpose it may be taken 



HERB REMEDIES. 585 

in decoction made as follows : Take 2 ounces of the bark (the 
fresh is better than the dried), cut into small pieces, add 1% 
pints of water and let stand over night, then boil gently down to 
1 pint. Turn off the liquor, pressing out the grounds, and give 
it lukewarm in three doses at intervals of an hour, the patient 
not to take food. If the first dose is vomited, the other two may 
be given just the same and will usually be retained by the stom- 
ach. Two tablespoonfuls of Castor Oil may be given as soon as 
colic pains begin to take place. 

Pelletierine, the active principle of Pomegranate, may be 
given for the same purpose, as directed under Tapeworm. 

For Chronic Rheumatism , Malignant Ulcers. 

PRICKLY ASH — Xanthoxylum Fraxineum, called also 
Toothache Tree. — This tree is a native of the Southern States, 
but grows plentifully in the Middle States. It is found in low, 
moist ground. The bark, which is thin, is grayish outside and a 
yellowish white inside. Held in the mouth, it excites a flow of 
saliva. 

The bark and berries are chiefly used in medicine, ^but the 
fresh leaves are also valuable. It is a remedy for chronic rheum- 
atism, and is used both internally and externally. In cases of 
malignant ulcers it is a powerful blood purifier. The powder 
may be given in doses of from 10 to 20, or even 30, grains. Of 
the decoction, which is prepared by boiling an ounce of the bark 
in a quart of water until it is reduced one- third, the dose is from 
4 to 6 tablespoonfuls in as many hours. A tincture made of the 
bark and capsules is a popular remedy in chronic rheumatism. 

For Chronic Rhetimatism, Gout, Sciatica and Gravel. 

PRINCE'S PINE — Chimaphila Umbellata, called also Pip- 
sisseway, Ground Hou<y, Rheumatism Weed, etc. — This is 
an evergreen plant that grows on land thinly timbered with 
Chestnut, Oak and Pine. It rises from six to eight inches from 
the ground, where a number of thick, deep green leaves, notched 
about the edges, surround the stalk. On some of the plants the 
stem rises for five inches above the leaves, bearing on its top a 
loose cluster of blossoms which are succeeded by seed vessels like 
flaxbowls. The root is long, slender, white, and frequently sup- 
ports a number of plants. 

It is highly recommended for curing chronic rheumatism, 

gout, sciatica and similar affections. For this purpose a tincture 

should be made as follows: Put 1 pound of the dried herbs into a 

gallon of spirits, cover tightly, let stand in a dark place from 

. eight to fourteen days and then turn off the top. Taken in 



586 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

decoction, it is very useful in curing gravel and gravelly obstruc- 
tions of the urine, and for purifying the blood. Its use should 
be long continued. 

For Uterine Tonic. 

PULSATILLA— Anemone Pulsatilla. 

Native of Europe and Siberia. 

Properties.— The principal use of Pulsatilla is to relieve 
uterine pains and increase the flow at the menstrual period. For 
this purpose it should be taken a few days before the time. 

Dose. — Of the tincture, 5 drops; of Anemonin, its active prin- 
ciple, T fo of a grain every three hours. 

For Urinary Difficulties. 

PUMPKIN — Curcubila Pepo. — Pumpkin seed tea is aremedy 
for tapeworm. (See Tapeworm). Also a valuable diuretic, 
relieving spasm of the urinary passages and scalding of urine! 
Pumpkin seed tea is one of the very best remedies for suppressing 
urine in infants. 

For Diarrhea and Chronic Dysentery. 

PURPLE WILLOW HERB— Lythrum Salicana, called 
also Loose Stripe, Mii,k Wiixow Herb, etc. — Found in 
meadows, swamps and along the banks of streams, growing from 
two to three feet high. The stem is soft and downy, and the 
leaves are downy on the under surface. It has showy purple 
flowers, and the fruit is a small capsule. 

It is a popular remedy for diarrhea and chronic dysentery, 
but is to be administered after the proper cathartics have 
operated. The dose of the powdered herb is from j4 to 1 tea- 
spoonful two or three times a day. The root may be taken in 
decoction in doses of from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls. 

For Affections of the Urinary Organs, Scrofula , Gonorrhea. 

PURSLANE — Portulacea Oleracea, called also Garden 
Purslane, etc. — This plant grows spontaneously in gardens and 
is often used as greens, boiling it with other vegetables and 
meat. The leaves are thick and fleshy. The stalk is long and 
fine, is a foot or more in length, and has a smooth, reddish, 
brittle stem. 

The plant may be taken freely in decoction, and is recom- 
mended for all affections of the urinary organs, scrofula and 
gonorrhea. 



HERB REMEDIES. 5 87 

For Tonic Purposes. 

QUASSIA — Picrcena Excelsa. 

Native of West Indies. 

Properties. — Ouassia is one of the most valuable of bitter 
tonics. It owes its effects to Quassin, its active principle. It 
increases the activity of the glands of the stomach and thus 
increases the amount of digestive fluid, aids in digestion, stimu- 
lates the appetite and makes a valuable remedy. It may be 
given in all forms of dyspepsia, and is especially valuable when 
there is loss of appetite, nausea, eructations and pain. It is a 
valuable remedy after protracted fevers or low physical condi- 
tions from any cause. Its use often relieves headache when due to 
digestive disturbances. During some forms of chronic dyspepsia, 
whether resulting from the prolonged use of alcohol or from 
other causes where the stomach contains a large amount of 
mucus, quassia, or its active principle, quassin, by its power to 
stimulate the normal secretions is a valuable aid in clearing up 
the mucous membrane, relieving the feeling of nausea and 
depression, improving digestion and giving tone to the stomach; 
in a word, restoring normal conditions. Quassia is usually 
obtained in the form of small chips. A few small pieces placed 
in a glass of water and allowed to stand several hours will 
yield the bitter principle, and the remedy may be taken in 
this way. The active principle, quassin, comes in small pills 
and may be taken without taste. 

Dose. — Of the tincture, from J^ to % teaspoonful; of 
quassin, the active principle, ^ of a grain. This may be 
increased or diminished as needed. The infusion may be made 
as described above, is a convenient method, and costs compara- 
tively nothing. Taken in this way, }£ tumblerful, more or less, 
may be drank before meals. 

For Obstructions of the Kidneys and Urinary Passages. 

QUEEN OF THE MEADOW — Eupatorium Purpureum, 
called also Purpi/e Boneset, Graved Root, etc. — This plant 
grows in swamps and other low ground, flowering in August and 
September. It is five or six feet high, has a hollow stem of a 
purple color and purple flowers. 

An infusion of the plant may be drank freely in gravel, 
stone in the bladder, and all obstructions of the kidneys and 
urinary passages. 

For Rheumatism, Gravel, Diseases of the Kidneys, Gonorrhea, etc. 

RED CEDAR — -Juniperus Virginiana. — The wood of this 
tree is of a reddish color, and is highly valued on account 



588 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

of its great durabilty. It is a species of Juniper and seldom 
attains to a very large size. The leaves and tops are the parts 
used in medicine. 

Given in infusion in wineglassful doses, they are useful in 
rheumatism, gravel, diseases of the kidneys, scalding of urine in 
gonorrhea, etc. The oil is used externally and also given inter- 
nally in doses of 3 to 5 or 10 drops twice a day. The pulverized 
leaves may be given in doses of from 10 to 12 grains. 

For Purifying the Blood, Correcting Acidity of the Stomach. 

RED CLOVER — Trifolium Pratense. — This is the common 
variety growing in meadows. The roots in infusion, drank freely, 
will correct acidity of the stomach, and are valuable for purifying 
the blood. This infusion also makes a good wash for foul sores 
and ulcers. The blossoms boiled in water, which is then strained 
and simmered down to a thick syrup, makes a useful plaster for 
old sores, scrofulous tumors, sore lips, etc. 

For Sore Mouths, Ulcers, Sores, Scalds, Burns, etc. 

RED RASPBERRY — Rubus Strigosus.— The leaves of 
this shrub dried and made into a tea are good to remove canker 
from the mouth, throat, stomach, bowels, etc. The tea, thick- 
ened with Kim bark, pounded crackers or white bread, is often 
used as a poultice to remove canker and proud flesh. It makes 
an excellent gargle for children with sore mouths, and a good 
wash for ulcers, sores, scalds, burns, etc. In giving it to 
children it may be sweetened and milk added to make it pleasant 
to the taste. 

RHUBARB.— (See A Chapter on Medicines). 

For Leucorrhea, Menses, Vomiting in Pregnancy , Gleet. 

ROSE WILLOW — Cornus Sericea, called also Red rose 
Willow, Red Osier, Red Rod, Swamp Dogwood, etc. — About 
the size of a small apple tree, covered with a greenish bark and 
very red within. Flowers resemble a bunch of roses. 

A powerful astringent that is very beneficial in leucorrhea, 
immoderate flow of the menses, etc., at the same time having a 
tonic and strengthening effect upon the system. It is also an 
excellent remedy for vomiting, particularly where it arises from 
pregnancy or diseased uterus. Mostly administered in the form 
of infusion. Or, a strong decoction may be made of 1 pound of the 
bark boiled to 3 quarts, to which is added 3 pints of Port Wine and 
4 ounces of loaf sugar, the dose being a teacupful three times a 
day. Also useful in gleet, using the pure decoction (that is, 
without the wine and sugar) as an enema. 



HERB REMEDIES. 589 

For Tonic Purposes, Hysterical Affections, Wind Colic. 

RUE — Ruta Graveolens. — This plant is cultivated in gar- 
dens. The leaves, which are used for medicinal purposes, have a 
strong, disagreeable odor, especially when rubbed, and a hot, 
bitter taste. 

Rue is a stimulant and appears to have a tendency to act 
upon the uterus. In moderate doses it promotes the menstrual 
discharge, and in larger doses it produces a degree of irritation 
in that organ which sometimes causes miscarriage. Taken in 
very large quantities it acts as an acrid, narcotic poison. It is 
also sometimes used in hysterical affections, wind colic and 
worms, but should be given with caution. A dose of the powder 
is from 10 to 20 grains two or three times a day. It is also given 
in infusion. 

For B?inging out the Rash in Eruptive Diseases, Chlorosis, Hysteria, 
Me?ises, Spasms. 

SAFFRON — Crocus Sativus, called also True Saffron, 
Spanish Saffron, etc. — The root is a small bulb standing upon 
a larger, with a multitude of fibers growing from the base. Four 
or five leaves rise from the root, dark green, narrow and grassy 
and about five inches long, and from the same root rises a stalk 
four inches high, sustaining a single flower that resembles a 
crocus. The orange colored, fleshy capillaments of this flower 
contain the medicinal properties of the plant. 

The flowers in infusion are very valuable in bringing out the 
rash in measles, small-pox, scarlet fever and other eruptive dis- 
eases. It is useful to allay the lumbar pains which accompany 
menstruation in some females. It is useful also in chlorosis, in 
hysteria, and to promote the secretion of urine. It gives tone to 
the stomach and is an antispasmodic, i. e. , is given to relieve 
spasms. 

Note. — There is another plant, called Fai.se Saffron, the Carthamus 
Tinciorius, or Saffeowfr, that is used for the same purposes as the 
so-called "True" Saffron. 

For Languor, Nervous Affections, Fevers, Colds and Coughs, Thtush, 
Quinsy. 

SAGE — Salvia Officinalis. — Too well known to need descrip- 
tion. An infusion of the leaves, or "sage tea," is good in 
languor, in nervous affections and fevers. Also used in summer 
complaints and worms in children. It produces perspiration, 
and is a popular remedy for colds and coughs. It is an excellent 
gargle in thrush or quinsy. In any disease where it is desirable 
to produce perspiration, Sage is a valuable remedy. 



590 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Leucorrhea, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Dysentery, Snake Bites. 

SANICLE — Sanicula Marilandica, called also Black 
Snake Root. — Grows from two to three feet in height in forests, 
oak- timbered land and uncultivated fields. The blossoms are 
white, appear in June, and are succeeded by a small burr at the 
top of the stalk. The root consists of a number of small black 
fibers. 

A decoction of the root, or whole plant, is useful in leucor- 
rhea, gonorrhea, syphilis and dysentery. The root in poultice 
form makes an excellent application for snake bites and other 
poisonous wounds. 

For Diseases of the Blood, Syphilitic Complaints, Chronic Rheuma- 
tism, Scrofula, Skin Affections, etc. 

SARSAPARILLA (wild)-Aralia Nudicaulis.—Vox 
description of this plant, see illustration. 

The roots in poultice are used for all kinds of wounds and 
ulcers, also for skin affections, erysipelas and ringworm. An 
infusion or decoction of the plant makes a good substitute for the 
foreign Sarsaparilla in all diseases of the blood, syphilitic com- 
plaints, chronic rheumatism, local pains, scrofula, skin affections, 
etc. Made into syrups and cordials it is useful in coughs, 
catarrhs and pains in the breast. 

Note. — The root of the Smilax Officinalis, from which the Sarsaparilla 
of commerce is obtained, is a native of tropical America from the swampy 
forests of Mexico as far south as the northern part of Brazil. It is highly 
prized as a blood purifier. 

For Rheumatic Complaints and Eruptive Diseases. 

SASSAFRAS — Laurus Sassafras. — In the Northern States 
the Sassafras is shrubby, but in the Southern States it grows 
from 30 to 40 feet in height. The leaves, which are of various 
shapes, are green on the upper surface and whitish on the under. 
It has small yellow flowers. It grows in forests and along the 
borders of swamps. The dried root, which can be purchased at 
stores, is of a yellowish color, has a strong spicy smell and sweet- 
ish taste at first. 

An infusion of the bark of the root is good in rheumatic 
complaints and eruptive diseases. It is made by infusing 1 or 2 
ounces of the bark of the root in a quart of boiling water. This 
may be drank freely, according to circumstances. In cases of 
rheumatism, it must be continued for a long time to effect a cure. 
The pith of Sassafras put into rain water makes a very valuable 
eye water for inflammations of the eye. 



HBRB RBMBDIBS. 5 9 1 

For Menstrual Irregularities, Chronic Rheumatism. 

SAVINHL—funiperus Sabina. — The stem of this plant rises 
from four to fifteen feet in height. Its branches are very large, 
and subdivided. The bark of the young branches is a light 
green; that of the trunk, reddish brown and rough. The fruit is 
a blackish purple berry, containing three seeds. The ends of 
the branches and the leaves are collected for medicinal use in the 
spring. They fade in color when dried. 

It is a powerful and active medicine and heats and stimulates 
the whole system. It is held in high repute to produce determi- 
nation of blood to the uterus and promote the menstrual dis- 
charges. It is also spoken highly of in chronic rheumatism 
where there exists a coldness of the surface, and especially of the 
lower extremities. Given in substance, the dose is from 2 to 5 
grains three times a day. A decoction is prepared by boiling 1 
ounce of the leaves in a pint of water down to half a pint and 
adding 2 ounces of syrup, of which the dose is a wineglassful 
three times a day. 

For Wash in Eruptive and Skin Affections. 

SCABISH — Oenothera Biennis, called also Tree Primrose. 
— This plant is found in fields and along fences. It rises from 
two to five feet in height. The leaves are lance-shaped, quite 
broad at the base, and are minutely toothed and hairy. The blos- 
soms are yellow and appear in July and August. They unfold at 
night and close in the daytime. 

A decoction of the dried herb is used as a wash in tetter and 
other eruptive and skin affections. 

For Cathartic Purposes. 

S C AMMON Y — Scammonium Convolvulacece. 

Native of Syria, Asia Minor and Greece. 

Properties. — The properties of Scammony are identical with 
Jalap (see A Chapter on Medicines) with the exception that 
it is a little more irritating in its effects. 

For Dropsy. 

SCOTCH BROOM— Spartium Scoparium. — This plant is 
also cultivated in gardens. It grows from three to eight feet 
high, has very flexible branches and small, downy leaves. The 
flowers are of a golden yellow color, large and showy. The plant 
has a bitter, nauseous taste and, when bruised, a strong, peculiar 
odor. The tops of the branches and the seeds are used for medi- 
cinal purposes. 



592 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

The Scotch Broom is employed to the best advantage in 
dropsical complaints. It is given in the form of decoction, made 
by boiling y 2 ounce of the fresh tops in a pint of water down to 
X A, pint, of which 2 tablespoonfuls may be given every hour until 
it operates, either by stool or urine; or the seeds may be given in 
powder in the dose of from 10 to 15 grains. 

For Tumors, Ulcers, Piles, Scrofulous Eruptions. 

SCROFULA PLANT— Sctophtdaria Nodosa, called also 
Figwort. — This herb grows to a height of from three to seven 
feet. The leaves are opposite each other, are heart-shaped and 
notched at the edges. The flowers are small and of a dull pur- 
plish green or brown color. It has a very rank odor and a bitter 
taste. 

The bruised leaves are highly esteemed as an application to 
painful tumors, ulcers, piles, skin eruptions, swollen breasts, etc. 
This plant has narcotic properties, but taken internally it pro- 
duces nausea and vomiting before it becomes perniciously nar- 
cotic. The green leaves should be used when they can be 
obtained, or the leaves and roots may be dried and preserved and 
prepared for use by moistening them with warm water and bruis- 
ing them. An ointment for external application is made by 
simmering the leaves in lard until they become crisp. 

For Scurvy. 

SCURVY GRAS S—Cochlearia Officinalis.— -This plant 
grows on the bank of streams. It reaches a height of about a 
foot, and has numerous tufts of flowers of a snow-white color. It 
has a warm, biting taste, and a rather unpleasant smell when 
bruised. 

As the name indicates, it is a remedy for scurvy, for which 
purpose the expressed juice of the plant should be taken in the 
quantity of ^ to 1 pint a day, or the smaller leaves daily eaten as 
a salad. 

SEAWEED. — (See Iodine in A Chapter on Mkdicines). 

For Adva?iced Stages of Chronic Bronchitis and Pneumonia, Later 
Stages of Croup and Bronchitis in Children, Protracted 
Whooping Cough. 

SENECA SNAKE ROOT— Pofygla Senega, called also 
Mountain Flax, Milkwort, etc. — This plant is found growing 
in all the states of the Union. It rises to a height of from 
eight to ten inches. The leaves grow directly from the main 
Stem, are long and narrow and of a light green color. The 




SENECA SNAKE ROOT. 

(See .Description.) 
This herb is a valuable remedy in advanced stages of Chronic 
Bronchitis and Pneumonia ; also in protracted Whooping Cough and 
the latter stages of Croup and Bronchitis in infants and children 



HERB REMEDIES. 



593 



flowers are small, and grow in spikes at the top of the plant. 
The taste is sweet at first, but afterwards bitter, and provokes 
coughing and saliva. See illustration. 

The Seneca Root is an energetic stimulant to the lungs, also 
an expectorant, and is a very valuable remedy in the advanced 
stages of chronic bronchitis, also in protracted whooping cough 
and the later stages of croup and bronchitis in infants and chil- 
dren. A dose of the pulverized root is from 5 to 10 grains. A 
decoction is made by adding an ounce of the bruised root to a 
pint of boiling water and simmering it in a closed vessel until 
the liquid is reduced to x /z of its original quantity, of which the 
dose is x /t, wineglassful. 

SENNA. — (See A Chapter on Medicines). 

For Scurvy, Tumors, Wens, Boils, Inflammations. 

SHEEP SORREL — Rumex Acetosa. — A common, well 
known plant, usually found in old pastures and fields. 

A decoction of it, freely used, is useful in scurvy and all 
inflammatory diseases. Poultices are also made of the leaves 
wrapped up and roasted, and these applied to tumors, wens, boils, 
inflammations, etc., will hasten the formation of pus. The leaves 
of the plant are often eaten for scurvy. 

For Tonic and Nervine Uses. 

SIDE-SADDLE PLAN T — Sarracenia Purpurea, called 
also Eve's Cup, Water Cup, Pitcher Plant, etc. — This plant 
generally grows in cold swamps where the ground is very wet 
and thickly covered with swamp moss. The leaves are oblong 
sacks which taper down to a short foot-stalk that connects them 
with the root. There are usually eight or ten of these leaves, and 
from the center of them a smooth stalk runs eight or ten inches 
in height and bears on its top a nodding purple flower. 

The root, which is the part containing medicinal properties, is 
of a light red color and not so large around as the finger. It has 
both nervine and tonic properties. Given in infusion, the dose is 
from 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls. It has astringent properties and 
should not be taken in large doses. 

For St. Vitus' s Dance, Convulsions, Tremors, Nervous Affections. 

SKULLCA P — Scutellaria Lateriflora, called also Mad 
Weed, Hoodwort, Blue Pimpernel, etc. — This plant is found 
growing near water all over the United States. It has very little 
smell and a slightly bitterish taste. The root is yellow and 
fibrous. The stem grows from one to three feet high. The 
flowers are of a pale blue color and grow in long spikes. 

88 



594 FAVORITE MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

The infusion is considered a valuable remedy in St. Vitus' s 
dance, and is very useful in convulsions, tremors and nervous 
affections; also in lockjaw. The infusion may be drank freely. 

For Asthma, Coughs, Catarrh. 

SKUNK CABBAGE— Idodes Fcetida, called also 
Meadow Cabbage, Swamp Cabbage, Fetid Hellebore, etc. 
— Grows in boggy woods, swamps and other moist places through- 
out the United States. Its flowers are among the first that 
appear in the spring. It is stemless and somewhat resembles a 
cabbage head. See illustration. 

A very useful remedy in asthma, especially in spasmodic 
asthma, in coughs, catarrhs, consumption, etc., also in the cough 
of old people. A dose of the powdered root is from 5 to 10 
grains. A tincture or syrup may likewise be made from the root 
and seeds. 

For Poultices, Drinks. 

SLIPPERY 'ElM.— Ulmus Fulva.—A native tree of North 
America. 

As an external application, the bark in the form of a poul- 
tice is an excellent remedy for ulcers, tumors, gunshot wounds, 
chilblains, burns, skin diseases, erysipelas, felons, etc., and in 
sore mouth or thrush should be used as a wash. It makes a 
nutritious drink for consumptive patients and those who are 
recovering from illness. 

For Suppressed Menstruation. 

SMART W E E D — Polygonum Punctatum , called also 
Biting Knot Weed, Water Pepper, etc. — This is a very com- 
mon plant, known in every section of the country. It grows 
from one to two feet in height, is slender, smooth, branching and 
erect. The flowers are disposed in spikes, and are of a pale pink 
or white color. The plant itself is of a pale green. 

This plant is used particularly in case of suppressed mens- 
truation. It is a very successful remedy for such cases, it sel- 
dom being necessary to continue its use for more than six or seven 
days. It may be given in cold infusion. The plant should never 
be scalded, and long keeping also injures it. It is a perfectly 
safe medicine and may be taken freely until the desired effect is 
produced. Taken in the form of tincture, the dose is a teaspoon - 
ful two or three times daily; in the form of extract, from 5 to 8 
grains may be given at a dose. 




SNAKE HEAD. 

(See Description.) 
This herb is a remedy for Costiveness, Dyspepsia, Loss of Appetite, 
General Languor and Disorders of the Liver. 



HERB REMEDIES. 



595 



Fot Costiveness, Dyspepsia, Loss of Appetite, General Languor, 
Disorders of the Liver. 

SNAKE HEAD— Chebne Glabra, called also Bitter Herb, 
Balmony, Fish Mouth, Turtle Bloom, etc. — This plant is 
found near the borders of streams or where the ground is wet. 
See illustration. 

It is employed in costiveness, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, 
general languor or debility. It is a valuable medicine in dis- 
orders of the liver, and in jaundice it tends to remove the yellow 
tinge from the skin and eyes. A weak infusion of the leaves 
may be drank freely. 

For Headache, Fresh Colds, etc. 

SNEEZE WORT — Helenium Autumnale, called also False 
Sunflower, Sneezeweed, etc. — This is a native plant growing 
all over the country in moist locations. Its several stems rise 
from three to seven feet high, and both the stems and leaves are 
covered with short, dense growths of hair. The leaves are very 
much like cabbage leaves and are dotted by small pits. The 
flowers are of a golden yellow and are one or two inches in 
diameter. The disk or center is a greenish yellow, and the ray 
surrounding it bears from five to twenty leaves. 

The whole plant may be reduced to a powder. The central 
parts of the flowers particularly are used as an errhine (snuff), a 
very small pinch of the powder causing prolonged sneezing. 

It is used to relieve headache, the catarrhal condition of 
fresh colds, etc. 

For Venereal and Scrofulous Affections and Skin Eruptions. 

SOAPWORT — Saponatia Officinalis, called also Bouncing 
Bet. — This plant grows to a height of one or two feet, has smooth, 
lance-shaped leaves, and clusters of whitish or slightly purplish 
flowers which appear in July and August. The roots and leaves, 
which are the part employed as medicine, impart to water the 
property of forming a lather, the same as soap, which has given 
the plant its name. 

It acts as an alterative, and is considered a valuable remedy 
in venereal and scrofulous affections and skin eruptions. The 
juice of the plant given in the quantity of Y 2 ounce in the course 
of a day is said to cure gonorrhea in about two weeks without 
any other remedy. It is also given in the form of decoction, 
made in the proportion of an ounce of the root to a pint of 
water, which may be taken freely. 



596 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Female Weakness, Consumption , General Debility, Piles, 
Inflammations . 

SOLOMON'S SEAL— Convollaria Multiflora.— Rises six or 
seven inches in height, has lance-shaped leaves of a dark green 
color, and flowers in clusters hanging to the sides of the stalks 
and producing red berries. Grows on the side of mountains and 
high banks. 

The roots have an astringent property and are very useful 
in all cases of female weakness resulting in leucorrhea or immod- 
erate flow of the menses. A syrup or cordial may be made of 
the roots of the Solomon's Seal and Comfrey combined which is 
very valuable in consumption and general debility. A poultice 
of the bruised roots is used for inflammations and piles. 

For Worms, Skin Eruptions, Old Tumors, To promote Growth of 
Hair. 

SOUTHERN WOOD — Artemisia Abrotanum, called also 
Old Man. — This plant is cultivated in gardens. It grows about 
three feet high and has small flowers of a grayish color which 
grow in close spikes, mixed with leaves, at the ends of the stems. 

It is a species of wormwood, and is given to destroy worms, 
the dose being from i to 2 teaspoonfuls of the powder, given in 
molasses, morning and evening. It is also applied externally in 
ointment and fomentations for eruptions of the skin and hard 
tumors. Also to prevent hair from falling out and to cause it to 
grow. It may also be given in decoction and infusion. 

For Dropsy. 

SPANISH BROOM — Spartium Junceum. — Cultivated 
in gardens as an ornamental plant. The flowers are large, 
yellow, and have an agreeable odor. 

The seeds of this plant may be used advantageously in 
dropsy. The dose for this purpose is from 10 to 15 grains, taken 
three times a day. They may also be given in tincture. 

For Nausea, Vomiting, Gravel, Suppression of Urine. 

SPEARMINT— Mentha Viridis.—The Spearmint is very 
similar to Peppermint in appearance and resembles it in its action. 
It is excellent to allay nausea and vomiting, and is also a valu- 
able remedy in gravel and suppression of urine. 

An infusion of this plant is made by bruising a handful of 
the herb in a quart of boiling water, and is useful to allay nausea 
and vomiting. A tincture may be made by bruising the green 
plant and adding Holland Gin. The dose of this preparation is 
a wineglassful, drank as often as the stomach will bear, and is a 



HERB REMEDIES. 597 

valuable remedy for gravelly affections, suppression of urine, 
etc. Cotton, saturated with this tincture and applied to piles, 
affords immediate relief. 

For Tonic Purposes. 

SPICE BUSH — Lautus Benzoin. — Grows from four to ten 
feet in height and is usually found in river bottoms and rich soils. 
The flowers, which are in clusters, appear before the leaves. Its 
berries are of an oval shape and are a shiny crimson color when 
ripe. All parts of the shrub have a spicy, agreeable flavor, 
particularly the bark and berries. 

This plant makes a very pleasant tonic. It is given in 
fevers in the form of decoction, and is especially useful in inter- 
mittent fevers. The berries have been highly recommended as a 
stimulant in rheumatism. The dose as a tonic is from y 2 to 1 
teacupful of the infusion. 

For Colds, Coughs, Asthma, Diseases of the Blood, Syphilis, Rheum- 
atism, Dropsy. 

SPIKENARD — Aralia Racemosa, called also Spignet, 
Pettymorrel, Pigeon- Weed, etc. — Grows from two to five 
feet in height. Has a large root and a thick bark that is whitish 
on the inside. The main stalk is about the size of the thumb, is 
jointed and purplish. It has small, bluish flowers, and produces 
berries resembling elder berries. 

An infusion or decoction of the roots and berries may be 
used in diseases of the blood, in syphilis, chronic rheumatism, 
etc. Made into a syrup by adding sugar, it is good in coughs, 
catarrh, pains in the chest and kindred complaints. Another 
manner of preparing it is to pour a pint of Brandy on the fresh 
berries, let them stand in a heated place for a week, and then 
add a pint of water and strain, of which the dose is a wineglass- 
ful three times a day. This makes an excellent remedy for 
languor, female debility and all pains in the stomach. A valu- 
able poultice for the feet in general dropsy is made from the 
root combined with horseradish. 

For Asthma, Incipient Consumption, Bronchitis. 

SPINDLE BUSH — Euonymus Atropurpureus, called also 
Indian Arrow- Wood. — A shrub growing from four to seven 
feet in height, having clusters of deep purple flowers, also bearing 
fruit in clusters of a bright red color about the size of a cherry 
which remains on the shrub nearly all winter. 

It is beneficially used in diseases of the chest and lungs, in 
asthma, chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes and incipient 



598 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

consumption. A strong decoction may be used, taken freely as 
the stomach will bear, or just sufficient to maintain moderate 
perspiration. Or a syrup may be made by boiling }4 pound of 
the bark of the root in a gallon of water down to a quart, 
straining and adding 2 pounds of sugar. Of the syrup the dose 
for an adult is from j4 to a wineglassf ul three or four times a 
day; and for children in proportion to their age. 

SQUILLS. — (See A Chapter on Medicines) . 

For Stomach Tonic, Female Complaints. 

STARWORT — Aletris Fa?inosa, called also Blazing 
Star, False Aloe, Unicorn Root, etc. — Grows in open fields 
and poor soils all over the United States. The root is a tuber 
lying nearly horizontal in the ground, with numerous fibers 
springing from its lower surface, and is of a very bitter taste. 
From six to twelve leaves of unequal lengths spring directly from 
the root and spread over the ground in the form of a star. The 
stem rises from one to two feet high and ends in a spike of small 
white flowers which blossom in June or July. 

The root of this plant acts particularly as a tonic to the 
stomach, relieves colic, and is also very valuable in female com- 
plaints when attended with general debility — chlorosis, painful or 
suppressed menstruation, falling of the womb, etc. It is taken 
in small doses only, a tonic dose being from 4 to 15 grains. The 
root may be combined with Capsicum and orange peel in a Wine 
tincture; or another and perhaps better tincture is made by com- 
pounding it with Golden Seal, Prickly Ash and Seneca Snake 
Root. These tinctures should be given in small doses, about 
what the stomach will bear without producing nausea, dizziness 
or other unpleasant effects. An infusion of the root alone may 
be taken in the same way. (See Devil's Bit). 

For Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Gleet, Scrofula, Chronic Diseases oj the 
Liver, Kidneys and Skin. 

STILLINGIA — Stillingia Sylvatica, called also Cock-up- 
Hat, Queen's Delight, Yaw Root, etc. — This plant is usually 
found growing in dry, open woods. It has a large, thick, woody 
root and a light colored stem, which rises from two to three feet 
high. The leaves are oblong, taper somewhat at both ends, and 
are bordered with minute teeth. It bears a spike of yellow 
flowers. The plant when broken discharges a milky juice. 

The bark of the fresh root is a valuable tonic, alterative and 
diuretic. Given in large doses it acts as a cathartic. It is much 
used in syphilis, gonorrhea, gleet, affections of the kidreys, 
scrofula, and chronic diseases of the liver and skin. Given in 









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HERB RBMBDIBS. 



599 



infusion or decoction, it should be combined with mucilaginous 
substances, as, for instance, Slippery Elm bark. A tincture may 
be prepared by macerating two ounces of the bark of the bruised 
root in a pint of Alcohol, the dose of which is a teaspoonful or 
more two or three times a day. 

For Wounds, Sores, Cramps, Colic, Headache, Indigestion. 

STONE ROOT — Collinsonia Canadensis, called also Horse 
Balm, Rich Weed, Knob Root, etc. — Found from Canada to 
Virginia. Grows from one to three feet in height. The root is 
hard and stonelike. Has numerous pale yellow flowers of a 
lemon scent. It habits rich woods. 

It is used as a poultice and wash for wounds, sores, etc., and 
an infusion of the root is used in headaches, indigestion, cramps 
and colic, particularly in the colic that occurs after childbirth. 
Also highly spoken of in dropsy. In making the infusion, the 
root should be steeped in a covered dish. 

For Diseases of the Bladder and Kidneys. 

STRAWBERRY-ir^m Vesca.— The Strawberry has 
many valuable medicinal properties. It is useful in diseases of 
the bladder and kidneys. Persons who suffer from any of these 
complaints should eat the fruit frequently when in season, and 
at other times use a syrup made from the berries. 

For Wash for biflamed and El- Conditioned Sores and Ulcers. 

STRIPED MAPLE— Acer Striatum, called also Whistle 
Wood, Moose Wood, False Dogwood, etc. — This is a small 
tree, attaining to the height of about fifteen feet and growing on 
cold timber lands. The bark is of a greenish stripe, and the 
leaves are large and of the form of those of the sugar maple. 

A decoction of the bark of this tree is used as a wash for 
inflamed and ill-conditioned sores and ulcers. The fresh leaves 
are also applied in the form of draughts to reduce inflammations. 

For Scrofulous and Venereal Diseases, Skin Eruptions, Gleet, Fall- 
ing of Bowels and Womb, Kidney Derangements, Sore 
Throat. 

SUMACH — Rhus Glabra. — A shrub growing from six to 
fourteen feet high, with a knotty stem usually much bent and 
divided into numerous branches; smooth, light-gray bark; red- 
dish blossoms growing in spikes; leaves changing color to red in 
autumn; crimson berries growing in dense clusters. See illustra- 
tion, 



6oo FAVORITE MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

A decoction of the bark of the root makes an excellent injec- 
tion or wash in venereal and scrofulous diseases and for falling 
of the bowels and womb. At the same time a decoction of the 
bark of the root together with Slippery Elm, White Pine and 
Blood Root may be taken freely; also valuable in gleet, eruptions 
of the skin, etc. An infusion of the berries sweetened with 
honey is used as a gargle in sore throat, or the infusion sweetened 
with loaf sugar may be given with advantage in diarrhea, dysen- 
tery and bowel complaints. Either the bark or the berries make 
an excellent poultice for ulcers and old sores. The decoction or 
fluid extract is also valuable in kidney derangements where there 
is suppression or incontinence of urine. From 10 to 30 drops of 
the fluid extract may be taken in a day. 

For Diarrhea , Dyspepsia, Blood Purifier. 

SWAMP SASSAFRAS— Cotnus Circinata, called also 
Round- leaved Dogwood, Green Osier, etc. — A shrub with 
warty twigs and large, rounded leaves, woolly beneath. Grows 
in rich soil from Canada to the Carolinas and west to the Missis- 
sippi. It has white flowers growing in a thick cluster. 

Much employed in the Northern States for diarrhea, dyspep- 
sia, etc. , but is too heating in fevers. Combined with Sarsaparilla, 
Burdock and Prince's Pine it forms an excellent blood purifier 
which is valuable in salt rheum, scrofula, cancerous humors 
and all skin diseases. Of the infusion of the bark, a wineglassful 
may be taken two or three times a day. The fresh leaves slightly 
bruised and wet with vinegar are an excellent application to a 
bruise or any inflamed part. 

F01 Leucorrhea, Inflammations, Swellings. 

SWEET CLOVER — Melilotus Alba, called also Meui^ot, 
King's Clover, etc. — There are two varieties of Sweet Clover, 
one bearing white and the other yellow blossoms. The odor 
resembles that of the Tonqua Bean. It frequently attains to a 
height of from four to six feet. 

The leaves and flowers in decoction are useful in leucorrhea 
and coughs, but are more frequently applied as poultices, or 
made into ointments to allay inflammations and swellings. 

For Colic, Diarrhea, Rheumatism. 

SWEET FERN — Comptonia Asplenifolia, called also 
SWEET Bush. — This shrub grows on sterile and sandy soils from 
Canada as far south as Virginia. It has green flowers, which 
appear early in the spring before the leaves, The leaves, which 



HBRB RH MUD IBS. 60 1 

are ten or twelve times as long as broad, are unequally notched on 
both edges. They have a strong, balsamic odor, which is 
increased by bruising, and a pungent taste. 

The herb is a stimulant and astringent, and a decoction of the 
leaves is used to relieve colic and check diarrhea, and as a fomen- 
tation in rheumatism. 

For Stomach Troubles, Wind Colic, Ague. 

SWEET FLAG — Acorus Calamus, called also Calamus, 
Flag Root, Sweet Rush, etc. — Sweet flag is sometimes con- 
founded with blue flag. The root of both is large, fleshy and 
horizontal, but while that of sweet flag is nearly round, that of 
blue flag is flattened at the top. The sweet flag root is also 
pinkish on the inside, has an agreeable odor and a pleasant taste; 
while blue flag root is grayish or brownish internally, has no 
particular odor, and is acrid and unpleasant to the taste. The 
sweet flag root is composed of a soft resin. 

An infusion of the root is useful in disorders of the stomach, 
in flatulency, vertigo, dyspepsia, colic, etc., and a hot decoction 
is particularly good in wind colic. The tincture is beneficial in 
ague. An infusion for stomach troubles is made of 6 drachms of 
the bruised root to 12 ounces of boiling water, and in this form 
quickly relieves the distressing swelling of the abdomen in colic. 
The root is chewed by dyspeptics, and the juice swallowed when 
tonics are required. 

For Strangury, Wasting Diseases of the Kidneys. 

THIMBLE WEED — Rudbeckia Lacinata, called also Conk 
Flower, Conk Disk Sunflower, etc. — This small plant is a 
native of this country and is very valuable in wasting diseases of 
the kidneys, being both diuretic and balsamic. Its properties 
were first learned by noticing its effect on a sheep that had lost the 
use of its hind legs. The animal daily dragged itself to this plant 
and ate of it, when, to the astonishment of all who noticed its 
situation, it recovered. By shepherds and herdsmen it has since 
been used with happy effects in strangury and similar diseases, 
taken freely in decoction. 

For Asthma, Burns, Piles. 

THORN APPLE, or STRAMONIUM— Datura Stramo- 
nium, called also StinkWeed, Jamestown Weed, Jimson Weed, 
etc. — Most commonly met with in old fields, along roads and old 
houses — never in woods and mountains. Bears a large white or 
bluish flower, and a thorny apple containing four cells, each of 
which is filled with black seeds. It is a strong poison, its action 
somewhat resembling that of Belladonna. 



602 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Smoking of the leaves mixed with tobacco is a popular 
remedy for asthma, but should be used with caution and the 
effects carefully noticed. An ointment of it is excellent for burns 
and piles, the claim being made that piles have been cured by 
rubbing the parts with the green leaves after each evacuation. 

For Headache. 

THYME — Thymus Vulgaris , called also MoTher-of- 
Thyme, Garden Thyme, etc. — Thyme is cultivated in gardens. 
The herb is cut while in bloom and dried for use as a domestic 
remedy. 

It is used in the form of a warm infusion to promote per- 
spiration, relieve headache, etc. Its principal use, however, is in 
liniments. By adding i pint of Oil of Thyme to 7 of Turpentine, 
or other means of adulteration, it forms the great bulk of the 
"Oil of Origanum" of commerce. 

For Dropsy, Jaundice, Skin Eruptions. 

TOAD FLA X — Antirrhinum Linaria, called also Snap 
Dragon, etc. — This herb grows from one to two feet high. Its 
leaves are very narrow, and the flowers are yellow and showy 
and grow in crowded spikes. 

The herb should be collected when in flower, dried quickly 
and kept from the air. When fresh it has a heavy, disagreeable 
odor, but it loses this in a great measure by drying. It is used 
in dropsy, jaundice, and various eruptions of the skin. Given in 
infusion, it is especially valuable in skin diseases. An ointment 
made from it is much used in hemorrhoids. 

For Spasmodic Cough, Asthma, Earache, External Application. 

TOBACCO — Nicotiana Tabacum. — Tobacco has a powerful 
relaxing influence, but its active principle, Nicotine, is very 
poisonous, and makes it an unsafe remedy. Nicotine is the 
second strongest t>oison known. 

The smoke of tobacco inhaled is a palliative of asthma, of the 
nervous cough provoked by tickling of the larynx, and is used in 
earache, etc. Tobacco was formerly much used for external 
applications, but if applied to broken surfaces symptoms of 
poisoning result, and it is now not much used as a remedy either 
externally or internally. It is the principal ingredient of 
Trask' $ Ointment. (See Index). 



HBRB RBMHDIES. 603 

For Dysentery, Diarrhea, Amenorrhea, Leucorrhea, Pal-bitation of 
the Heart, Asthma, Apoplexy. 

TREE OF HEAVEN— Ailanthus. 

This tree, which grows to a height of from thirty to sixty 
feet, resembles an overgrown Staghorn Sumach. The wood is 
hard, heavy, and glossy like satin. The leaves are long and 
pointed. The flowers are small and of a greenish color, and are 
scattered along the stems. It is a native of China, but is now 
naturalized in this country. 

The bark has been employed both dry and fresh as a remedy 
for dysentery, diarrhea, and as an injection in amenorrhea and 
leucorrhea. The tincture is used in doses of from 5 to 30 drops 
in palpitation of the heart, asthma and apoplexy. 

For Tonic Purposes, Syphilitic Affections. 

TURKEY CORN — Corydalis Formosa. — This is an early 
spring plant, sometimes making its appearance in March. The 
root is tuberous, the stem is from eight to ten inches high, and 
the flower stem bears a nodding, many-flowered cluster. 

It promotes digestion and acts as a tonic, and is also used as 
an alterative in syphilitic affections. For this purpose a thorough 
purgative should first be given, and then followed with an infu- 
sion of this plant, which is made by adding from 2 to 4 teaspoon- 
fuls of the plant to a pint of boiling water and taking the quan- 
tity in twenty-four hours, dividing the doses as the stomach will 
retain it. The ulcers should be washed several times daily with 
a decoction of the same, and the body bathed every night with 
an alkaline bath (water to which soda has been added). 

For Chronic Rheumatism and Secondary Forms of Syphilis. 

TWIN URAF—fefersonia Diphylla, called also YKUX>w 
Root, Ground Squirrel Pea, etc. — Grows chiefly near streams 
and rivers, and is abundant in many parts of the Western 
States. It has a large, yellowish, fibrous root. Its leaves 
rise on long foot-stalks directly from the root. They are 
smooth, oval, and grow in twos, hence the name. The flower 
stem bears a single white flower, resembling that of the Blood 
Root. It blossoms in April. The root, which is the part used, 
has a biting, disagreeable taste. 

It is usually given in the form of decoction, which is 
prepared by adding a pint of water to *4 ounce of the bruised 
root, boiling for fifteen or twenty minutes and straining. The 
dose is from }4 to a wineglassful three times a day. It is given 
in chronic rheumatism and the secondary forms of syphilis. 



604 PA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Stone in the Bladder or Kidneys, Incontinence of Urine, Painful 
Urination, Strangury, etc. 

UVA URSI — Arbutus Uva Ursi, called also Bearberry, 
Mountain Box, Red Berry, etc. — The roots are creeping and 
slender. The stems spread over the ground, the young shoots 
tending upward. The leaves are variable in shape, some narrow 
and some broad. The flowers are of a flesh color and grow in 
small clusters, from six to twelve together. It has berries of a 
scarlet color, mealy and insipid to the taste and containing five 
seeds. 

A powder or decoction of this plant may be used, the 
dose being from 5 to 25 grains of the powder or a wineglassful 
of the decoction three or four times a day. It is a tonic and 
astringent. It is valuable in all chronic disorders of the urinary 
passages — stone in the bladder or kidneys, incontinence of urine, 
painful urination, strangury, etc. It has also been used with 
advantage in chronic bronchitis and diarrhea, in leucorrhea and 
hemorrhage from the uterus. Inasmuch as these affections are 
all of a chronic nature, its use should be long continued. When 
used to increase the action of the kidneys in acute attacks, too 
frequent doses may prove unsatisfactory by reason of its irritating 
properties. 

For Nervous and Hysterical Conditions. 

VALERIAN — Valeriana Offici?iale. 

Native of Europe from the Mediterranean northward. 

Properties. — Valerian is not a cure, but is a palliative for 
nervous or hysterical conditions. It has been much used in the 
treatment of epilepsy. It will lessen the paroxysms of whooping 
cough, and has been successfully used for the relief of dysmenor- 
rhea and diabetes insipidus. Its odor makes it unpleasant to 
use, and other remedies have largely taken its place on that 
account. The most pleasant preparation, and the one with the 
least odor, is the Elixir of Valerianate of Ammonia. 

Dose. — Of the Elixir, 1 teaspoonful every three or four 
hours, or according to conditions. 

Fo? Colds, Early Stages of Fever, Fever and Ague, etc. 

VERVAIN — Verbena Hastata, called also Buje Vervain 
and Simpler' s Joy. — The blue Vervain grows commonly along 
roadsides. The root is woody and fibrous, and the stem, which 
is somewhat hairy, rises to a height of three or four feet. The 
leaves are narrow, rough, sharp at the point, and edged with 






HBRB RBMBDIBS. 605 

sharp teeth. The flowers are blue or purplish and grow thickly 
upon slender spikes. They come out a few at a time from July 
to September. 

A decoction of this plant produces nausea. From 1 to 2 
teacupfuls will operate as an emetic (cause vomiting) , for which 
purpose it is generally used. After the stomach has been thor- 
oughly cleansed, however, nausea is not produced by it. It also 
produces perspiration, and may be given with benefit in severe 
colds, also in the early stages of fever where the stomach is much 
disordered. It is used in cases of fever and ague, the decoction 
being given as an emetic just as the paroxysm is coming on. A 
strong tea made of Vervain, sweetened with molasses and taken 
in tablespoonful doses once in thirty minutes to an hour is an 
excellent remedy in coughs. 

For Debility y Worms, Venereal Diseases, Chronic Skin Diseases, etc. 

VINE MAPLE — Menispermeum Canadense, called also 
YKUX>w Pariixa, Moonskkd, etc. — This is a woody vine, 
usually found in moist land near streams, growing from three to 
six feet in length and twining around whatever it comes in 
contact with. The root is long, yellow and woody. The leaves 
somewhat resemble the maple leaf. 

The root is a pleasant bitter tonic and laxative. It 
strengthens the nervous system, is useful in all cases of debility, 
especially the shattered condition resulting from syphilitic 
diseases, and is very good for worms. It also gives tone to the 
digestive organs and is serviceable in dyspepsia. It may be used 
in the form of a strong decoction or syrup, and may at the same 
time be applied externally. Of the syrup the dose is a wine- 
glassful five or six times daily. 

For Snake Bites, Bilious Complaints, Fevers, Colds. 

VIRGINIA SNAKE ROOT— Aristolochia Serpentana.— 
The root of this plant is knotted, brown, and very fibrous, the 
fibers being of a yellow color when fresh. The stems are slender, 
weak, jointed, and bear from three to seven leaves and from 
one to three flowers. The leaves are heart-shaped at the base, 
sharp at the end, and of a pale green color. The flowers are 
reddish or purplish. The seed capsule has six cells and contains 
many small seeds. The root has an agreeable, penetrating smell, 
and a warm, bitterish taste. It is the part used in medicine. 

It first became known as a remedy against snake bites, 
having been used by the Indians for that purpose. It is now 
given in bilious complaints, fevers, colds, and in states requiring 
a stimulative action. It greatly increases the perspiration. In 



606 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

bilious complaints it checks vomiting and is soothing to the 
stomach. A dose of the powdered root is from 10 to 20 grains, 
which may be gradually increased to 30 grains or % teaspoonful. 
An infusion is prepared by adding 4 teaspoonf uls of the powdered 
root to a pint of water, of which from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls may 
be given every four hours. 

lor Itch, Dropsy, Rheu7?iatism , Gout, Syphilis. 

VIRGIN'S B O W E R — Clematis Virginica, called also 
Traveller's Joy. — This plant is a native of the United States. 
It grows from fifteen to twenty feet in height and blossoms in 
July. 

The fresh bark, leaves and blossoms will cause blisters on 
the skin, and act as a corrosive poison when taken internally. 
The dried leaves in weak infusion have been used with advantage 
in cases of dropsy following intermittent fever, also in chronic 
rheumatism, syphilis and gout, and an application of an infusion 
or ointment of the leaves in oil will cure itch, for which purpose it 
is much used by the peasantry of Europe. 

For Ulcers, Putrid and Spongy Gums, Scurvy, Skin Diseases. 

W ATER DOCK — Rumex Aquaticus. — A native of 
marshes. Rises about five feet in height and has narrow, pointed 
leaves nearly two feet long. The flowers are yellow and blossom 
thickly in spikes. 

A decoction of this plant is especially used as a wash for 
foul ulcers and for putrid and spongy gums. It should be taken 
internally at the same time, drinking a small quantity of the 
decoction daily. Also good in scurvy and skin diseases. The 
dose usually given is a decoction of y 2 ounce of the fresh roots in 
1 pint of water. 

For Irritability of the Stomach, Nausea and Vomiting. 

WHITE COHOSH— AcUsa Alba, called also Necklace 
Weed, White Beads, etc. — This plant very closely resembles 
Black Cohosh in appearance, but the berries are white instead of 
black, which distinguishes it from the other variety. 

The medicinal properties of the two plants (see Black 
Cohosh) are nearly identical. The seeds of the White Cohosh, 
given in repeated doses of from 10 to 15 grains, are considered a 
specific for irritability of the stomach, nausea and vomiting, 
especially that of females arising from uterine troubles. 



HERB REMEDIES. 607 

For Gangrenous Ulcers, Falling of the Womb and Bowels , Leucor- 
rhea. 

WHITE OAK — Quetcus Alba. — This tree rises from fifty 
to sixty feet in height, and has a cone-shaped fruit (acorns) 
surrounded at the base by a rough shell. 

The bark of the Oak is very astringent, and especially so 
with the White Oak. The bark of the young branches is 
probably the best. It is used externally in the form of decoction, 
as a wash in gangrenous ulcers, or as an injection in falling of 
the womb or of the bowels, or in leucorrhea. A decoction of 
grated acorns, or roasted acorns mixed with cocoa or chocolate, 
is used as a remedy for diarrhea, flatulent dyspepsia and 
scrofula. 

Fot Gonorrhea, Leucorrhea, Boils, Scrofulous Sores, Lockjaw, White 
Swellings, etc. 

WHITE POND "LILY— JVymph&a Odorata, called also 
Sweet Water Lily, Toad Lily, Water Cabbage, etc. — 
Found in ponds, ditches and rivers all over the country. The 
flowers shut at night. The seeds ripen in water. The perfume 
is similar to that of the magnolia. The roots of this plant are 
thick, notched and of a blackish color, and are the part chiefly 
used in medicine. They are useful in diarrhea, dysentery, and 
all complaints of the bowels; also in gonorrhea, leucorrhea and 
scrofula. 

A dose of the powdered root is from % to Y 2 teaspoonful 
taken in warm water; or a pint of the expressed juice of the root, 
to which is added ^ pint of Port Wine and 4 ounces of sugar, 
makes a better preparation, of which from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls 
may be taken four times a day. Externally the roots and leaves 
are used for poultices in boils, scrofulous sores, lockjaw and 
inflamed skin. When employed as a poultice for white swellings, 
it is usually combined with Cohosh root and Slippery Elm bark. 
This poultice should be changed three times a day, the patient 
taking at the same time some blood purifying medicine. The 
fresh juice of the root, mixed with lemon juice, is said to be a 
good cosmetic and to remove pimples and freckles. A decoc- 
tion of the leaves makes a good wash for old sores, ulcers 
and fresh wounds. It is also used as a gargle in putrid sore 
throat and asthma, and is a valuable wash for inflamed eyes. 

For Dyspepsia, Dysentery, Chro?iic Rheumatism, Hysteyia, etc. 

WHITE POPLAR — Lbiodendron Tulipifera, called also 
Tulip Tree, Whitewood, etc. — This tree is a native of the 
United States, growing sometimes to a height of over 100 feet. 



6o8 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

It is allied to the Magnolia. It blossoms about the middle of 
May, the flowers being tulip-shaped, and of a greenish yellow 
color striped with orange red. These are followed by a cone- 
shaped fruit. 

In dyspeptic states of the stomach and bowels this is an 
excellent remedy; also in low fevers, dysentery, chronic rheuma- 
tism, and, combined with a small quantity of L,audanum, is a 
certain, speedy and effectual remedy in hysteria. The bark of 
the root and trunk are both used. That of the root is more tonic 
and less stimulant than that of the trunk. A dose of the pow- 
dered bark is from ^ to ^ teaspoonful. An infusion is made 
by adding from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls of the bark to a pint of 
boiling water, of which the dose is 2 tablespoonfuls. The leaves 
were used by the Cherokee Indians in poultices for sores and 
headaches, and in ointment for inflammations and mortifications. 

For Nervous Diseases, Pleurisies, Convulsions. 

WHITE SNAKE ROOT — Eupalotium Ageratoides* 
called also White SaniclE, Pool Root, etc. — This plant grows 
abundantly in nearly every part of the United States, rising from 
one to three or four feet in height and bearing a white flower. 
It has a white, fibrous root, which is the part used in medicine. 
For this purpose it should be collected in September or October. 
The stalk is furrowed, the branches are in opposite pairs, and the 
leaves, which are on long foot-stalks, are about the size of large 
apple-tree leaves. 

It is used in the form of infusion and decoction, prepared 
by pouring a pint of boiling water on an ounce of the bruised 
root, of which from 1 tablespoonful to half a teacupful may be 
taken at a dose. It is a nervine and, taken to a sufficient extent, 
will overcome irritability of the nervous system. It also pro- 
motes freedom of expectoration and breathing in affections of the 
lungs, and is valuable in pleurisies and in diseases generally 
attended with nervous irritation and convulsions. 

For Ailments of the Digestive Tract. 

WILD CHERRY — Prunus Virginiana, called also Black 
Cherry, Rum Cherry, Cabinet Cherry, etc. — In open fields 
the limbs of this tree spread out into an elegant top, but in forests 
it often runs up to sixty feet or more in height with a few 
crowded branches. The flowers are white and grow along the 
stems from six to eight inches long. The fruit is black, with a 
bitter, astringent taste, similar to that of peach kernels. 

The bark is the part used, that of the root being much better 
than that of the trunk of the tree. It should never be boiled, but is 
taken in the form of a cold infusion, which is made by adding cold 



HERB REMEDIES. Cog 

water to the bark and letting it stand for forty-eight hours, an 
average dose being a wineglassful three or four times a day. It is 
particularly recommended in intermittent fevers, also in consump- 
tion. It is also excellent in dysentery, chronic diarrhea, colics, 
debility, dyspepsia, and most ailments of the digestive tract. 

For Use Externally in Inflammations bordering ubon Gangrene, 
Syphilitic Ulcers, etc. 

W ILD INDIG O — Baptisia Tindoria, called also Indigo 
Weed, Horse-Fly Weed, Yellow Broom, etc. The root con- 
sists of a short, knotty head, two or three inches broad, with 
several long branches from its under surface. It is blackish on 
the outside and yellowish on the inside. The stems grow two or 
three feet high, are round and smooth and of a yellowish green 
color with black dots. The branches are thin and have small 
leaves of a bluish green color with a light green stripe on the mid- 
rif. The flowers are a bright yellow and come out in loose 
spikes at the end of the branches. They are succeeded by an 
oblong pod of a bluish black color, containing a row of small, rattling 
seeds. It blossoms in July and August, and the whole plant, even 
the flowers, often becomes black in the fall. It is usually found 
in dry, sandy soil, and grows more abundantly near the eastern 
coast. It is a native of Canada and the United States. 

The outer layer of the bark is the part used. It is a general 
stimulant, and is used in decoction in protracted fevers, notably 
typhus or typhoid. Applied externally, it makes excellent poul- 
tices in inflammations bordering upon gangrene. Also good in 
syphilitic ulcers and malignant and ulcerous sore mouth and 
throat, sore nipples, chronic sore eyes, etc., in which case it is 
made into a strong decoction and used as a wash, or as a poultice, 
or made into an ointment with lard or cream. The decoction 
taken internally is made by adding an ounce of the fresh root to a 
pint of boiling water, of which the dose is a tablespoonful every 
three or four hours. 

For Liver Derangements and Pulmonary Consumption. 

WILD SUCCORY — Cichotium Intybus, called also Endive. 
— This plant grows wild, and is found in neighborhoods which 
have long been settled. It grows one or two feet high, and has 
beautiful blue flowers which appear in July and August. The 
whole plant has a bitter taste, which is strongest in the root and 
weakest in the flower. 

It is usually given in decoction, prepared by boiling one or 
two ounces of the root or a handful of the herb in a pint of water. 
It is useful in jaundice, and in congestion or obstruction of the liver 

39 



610 FA VORITB MEDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

in the early stages. The expressed juice taken in large doses, 
frequently repeated, has been found beneficial in pulmonary con- 
sumption and various other complaints. 

For Bilious Colic. 

WILD YAM — Dioscorea Villosa, called also Couc Root. — 
This plant is a climber that is found growing in thickets in moist 
localities as far south as Florida and west as the Mississippi. The 
leaves are nearly smooth above, and downy beneath. The fruit is 
a triangular winged capsule that grows in pendant bunches. The 
root, which is of a pale yellowish brown color, is repeatedly 
forked and breaks with difficulty. It is the part used in medi- 
cine, and in Virginia is known as ' ' Rheumatism Root. ' ' 

Yam root is believed to have "a special action on the liver," 
and a celebrated botanic physician made secret use of it for many 
years as a remedy for bilious colic. For this purpose a decoction 
is made by pouring a pint of boiling water on 2 ounces of the 
bruised root, simmering it slowly for half an hour and straining, of 
which the dose is >£ teacupful every twenty minutes, as warm as 
the patient can bear it, until relief is obtained. It seldom fails 
to produce a beneficial effect within an hour after it has been 
taken. The application of a large Mustard plaster over the abdo- 
men assists its action. 

For Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Asthma, etc. 

W I NT E R G R E E N — Gaultheria Procumbens, called also 
Mountain Tea, Tea Berry, etc. — This is a little evergreen 
with which nearly every one is familiar. 

A tea may be made of the green plant, or the essence or oil 
may be purchased. The tea is used to relieve asthma, also to re- 
store strength and promote menstruation. The oil contains Sali- 
cylic Acid and is used in rheumatism, also sometimes employed in 
neuralgia. A dose of the oil is from 5 to 10 drops every three to 
six hours, gradually increased until there is a ringing in the ears. 
The plant is a stimulant, restorative, cordial, and possesses anti- 
septic properties. 

For Ulcers, Piles, Tumors, External Inflammatio?is , Inflamed Eyes, 
Hemorrhages, Prolapse. 

WITCH HAZEL — Hamamelis Virginica. — A shrub, rising 
from six to ten feet in height and blossoming in winter. The 
blossoms, which do not come out until the leaves fall, remain 
on from October to February, and the fruit, which is similar to a 
hazlenut, remains on until the next fall and then explodes, scat- 
tering the seeds about. Found in the damp woods of Canada 
and the United States. 



HERB RBMBD1HS. 611 

The bark in the form of a poultice is applied externally to 
ulcers, piles, painful tumors of all kinds and external inflamma- 
tions; a poultice made of the inner bark is excellent in treating 
inflammation of the eyes; an infusion of the leaves is a useful 
astringent in hemorrhages, and a strong decoction is used as an 
injection for falling of the womb or bowels. The extract is 
employed for many purposes. An excellent remedy in many 
cases of diarrhea, typhoid fever and other unhealthy conditions 
of the bowels, is made by adding 2 ounces of the extract to 1 
ounce of Aromatic Sulphuric Acid, of which the dose is a tea- 
spoonful every three or four hours, according to the severity of 
the case. Its value lies in its antiseptic and astringent proper- 
ties. 

For Inflamed Co?tditions of the Bladder and Kidneys, Fevers, Piles, 
etc. 

WOOD SORREL— -Oxalis Acetosella, called also Sour 
Trefoil, Cuckoo Bread, etc. Found in mountain regions in 
the northern part of this country. The roots are white, juicy 
and creeping. The leaves grow on long, slender, hairy stems. 
The flowers are white with purple veins. 

The leaves are used in decoction, and may be given freely in 
inflamed conditions of the bladder, urethra and kidneys, also in 
fevers, piles and putrid diseases. 

For Worms. 

WORMSEED — Chenopodium Anthelminticum, called also 
Wormseed-Goosefoot, Stinking Weed, etc. — Grows in all 
parts of the United States, rises from two to five feet in height, has 
leaves dotted beneath and small flowers of a yellowish green 
color. The whole plant has a strong, disagreeable odor. 

It is used to expel worms from the intestines, for which pur- 
pose it must be given in small doses, repeated. From 5 to 10 
drops of the oil mixed with sugar is a dose for a child. From x / 2 
to 1 teaspoonful of the powdered herb and seed, united with 
powdered Peppermint, may be given to a child two or three years 
of age. In either form it should be given night and morning 
before eating for two or three days, and the last dose followed 
with a brisk cathartic. 

For Tonic Purposes. 

WORMWOOD — Artemisia Absinthium. — This plant is 
cultivated in gardens, or may be found growing wild in stony 
places. The stem is covered with a whitish down. The leaves 
are whitish on both sides. The flowers are small, yellowish, and 
form a long, pyramidal cluster. It has a strong smell and a 
bitter, spicy taste. 



6 1 2 PA VORITB MEDICAL RBCBIP'l S. 

Wormwood is a valuable stimulant and tonic. In moderate 
doses it promotes the appetite and digestion, quickens the circu- 
lation and gives tone to the whole system. It is given in all 
cases requiring a tonic — in dyspepsia, suppressed menstruation, 
chronic leucorrhea and obstinate diarrhea and also as a vermi- 
fuge (to destroy worms). It has been given with advantage in 
nervous affections, such as epilepsy, hysteria, severe neuralgia 
and St. Vitus' s dance. A dose of the powder is from yi to % 
teaspoonful. An infusion is made by adding an ounce of the 
herb to a pint of cold water, of which the dose is from i to 2 
tablespoonfuls. It is also used externally as a fomentation for 
bruises and inflammations generally. 

For Piles, Sores, Hemorrhages, Dysentery, Diarrhea, etc. 

YARROW — Achillea Millefolium, called also Milfoil, 
Thousand Leaf, etc. — This plant rises to a height of from 12 
to 18 inches, and is distinguished by its double- winged leaves 
and leaflets, which are minutely divided and subdivided. Its 
flowers form a thick, flat bunch, and are white or rose colored. 
The whole plant has an agreeable taste and smell. It should be 
gathered when in bloom. 

Milfoil is a general stimulant and tonic, and is especially 
valuable in relaxed conditions of the pelvic organs due to debility, 
giving rise to piles, leucorrhea, menorrhagia, amenorrhea, etc. 
Also good in dyspepsia and flatulent colic due to the same cause. 
The infusion is made by adding X A ounce of the herb to 6 ounces 
of water and reducing by heat to 3 ounces, of which the dose is 
a tablespoonful every hour. The expressed juice may be taken 
in doses of 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls three times a day. The oil may 
be given in 20-drop doses. 

For Blood Diseases, Bilious Diseases, Fevers, Skin Diseases, etc. 

YELLOW DOCK — Rumex Crispus, called also Narrow- 
Leaf Dock, Garden Patience, Sour Dock, Curled Dock, 
etc. Grows from two to five feet in height. The leaves are 
long and curl in waves at the edges. The flowers are small and 
greenish and grow thickly on long stems. It has a large, 
spindle-shaped root, brownish yellow on the outside and yellow 
within. It grows abundantly in cultivated ground, also in damp 
places. Found in wet land, however, the root is white and 
woody and not fit for use. 

Yellow Dock is a very old remedy, and it is said there is 
scarcely any disease where it may not be taken with advantage. 
A decoction of the root is found useful in dj^spepsia and gouty 
tendencies, in bilious complaints, scrofula, syphilis, and all forms 
of scaly eruptions of the skin. In case of fever it will allay the 



HERB REMEDIES. 613 

internal heat and promote a moisture upon the surface. It is a 
gentle laxative and purifies the blood. The decoction is also 
considered beneficial in the case of cancers. An ointment of the 
powdered root and lard will cure the itch, and this ointment may 
also be used on cancers, tumors, etc. Sometimes the powdered 
root is stirred up with cream and applied in a paste. The root in 
powder makes an excellent dentifrice, especially where the gums 
are spongy. Of the decoction a tumblerful may be taken three 
times a day with safety, although it would be advisable to begin 
taking it in smaller quantities. Of the pulverized root 10 grains 
may be taken at a dose. The decoction may be made into a 
syrup if desired. 

For Stomach Tonic, Worms. 

YERBA BUENA— Micromeria Douglasii. 
Native of Pacific Coast of America. 

Properties. — It is a nervine, tonic and stimulant. In Chili 
the natives use it as a tea, drinking it the same as we do tea and 
coffee. It allays nausea and spasmodic pains in the stomach and 
bowels, and will lessen the force and frequency of the pulse in 
fevers. It is also adapted to the expulsion of round worms in 
children. 

Dose. — From ^ to 1 teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 

For Asthma, Bronchitis, Consumption, etc. 

YERBA SANTA — Eriodictyon Glutinosum, called also 
Bear's Weed, Consumptive Weed, Mountain Balm, etc. 

Native of California. 

Properties. — This herb is a valuable remedy in all diseases 
of the respiratory organs. It may be smoked, as tobacco; the 
smoke inhaled gives relief in asthma; or the fluid extract in doses 
of % to Y 2 teaspoonful affords relief in that disease. The natives 
esteem the tea a cure for consumption; hence one of its common 
names. It is valuable in consumption, chronic bronchitis, pneu- 
monia and catarrh of the stomach, also chronic derangement of 
the kidneys. It possesses a resinous principle that has a soothing 
and alterative effect on mucous surfaces. It will soon relieve a 
cough, decrease the expectoration, and improve the appetite and 
the power to digest and assimilate food. 

Dose. — Of the fluid extract, from % to 1 teaspoonful. There 
are also a number of proprietary preparations of this herb. 

Taken in the form of Malto- Yerbine, it is a specific for most 
cases of cough following influenza. This is a standard prepara- 
tion and may be had at any drug store. 



614 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

TIME TO GATHER AND METHOD OF DRYING. 

The time to gather herbs is just as they begin to flower, as 
they possess the highest degree of medicinal properties at this 
time. 

They should be dried in the shade. The best way is to 
hang them, tops down, in a corncrib or other airy place. If 
dried in the sun, they become too crisp, the leaves falling off, 
thereby losing the best part of the plant. Again, in drying in 
the sun they are liable to mould unless spread out. When per- 
fectly dry, put them into paper bags, or else wrap well in paper 
to keep them from the air, and store in a dry place. 

The time to gather roots is in the fall, after the leaves are 
dead; or, better, in the spring before the sap rises. 

Barks should be gathered in the fall or early in the spring. 

Berries or fruits may be spread thinly on papers on the floor 
In an unused room. 



Department VI. 



MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS, 



ONE HUNDRED 
VALUABLE PATENT AND SECRET PREPARATIONS. 



In the following pages are given formulae, or receipts for 
making, ioo of the best known patent medicines, face creams 
and lotions, etc. , etc. , any one of which preparations can be put 
up at a fraction of its cost bought under the manufacturer's label. 
These formulae have been secured by analysis at great cost, and 
are substantially correct. 

ALLEN'S LUNG BALSAM. 

Blood Root, Tincture of 2 ounces. 

Lobelia, Tincture of 2 " 

Opium, Tincture of 1 " 

Capsicum, Tincture of 3 drachms 

Sassafras, Essence of 2 " 

Anise, Essence of 2 " 

New Orleans Molasses 1 pint. 

Bring the syrup to a boil, add slowly the other ingredients and 
mix thoroughly. 

ANTI=FAT. 

Anti-Fat is the fluid extract of Bladder Wrack, or Seaweed. 
It is prepared from the fresh plant, 7^ pounds being used to 
make 40 ounces of the extract, with equal parts of Alcohol and 
water. 

AYER'S CHERRY PECTORAL. 

Acetate Morphine 3 grains. 

Blood Root, Tincture of 2 drachms. 

Antimony, Wine of 3 " 

Ipecac, Wine of 3 " 

Wild Cherry, Syrup of 3 ounces. 

Mix together. 

AYER'S HAIR VIGOR. 

Lead, Sugar of 3 drachms. 

Sulphur, Flower of 2 " 

Glycerine 14 " 

Water 5 pints. 

615 



5i6 PA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

AYER'S SARSAPARILLA. 

Sarsaparilla, Fluid Extract of 3 ounces. 

Stillingia, Fluid Extract of 3 " 

Yellow Dock, Fluid Extract of 2 « ■ 

May Apple, Fluid Extract of 2 " 

Sugar 1 " 

Potash, Iodide of 90 grains. 

Iron, Iodide of 10 

Mix together. 

BALM OF A THOUSAND FLOWERS. 

Deodorized Alcohol 1 pint. 

Bar Soap, nice and white 4 ounces. 

Shave the soap when putting it in, let it stand in a warm place 
antil dissolved, and then add the following: 

Citronella, Oil of 1 drachm. 

Neroli, Oil of , % 

Rosemary, Oil of yi <l 

BARREL'S INDIAN LINIMENT. 

Alcohol 1 quart. 

Capsicum, Tincture of 1 drachm. 

Origanum, Oil of }4 ounces. 

Sassafras, Oil of }4 " 

Pennyroyal, Oil of }4 " 

Hemlock, Oil of % " 

Mix all together. 

BAY RUM. 

French Proof Spirit 1 pint. 

Bay, Extract of 6 drachms. 

Mix, and color with Caramel. Needs no filtering. 

BEECHAM'S PILLS. 

Saffron 1 grain. 

Sodium, Sulphate of 1 

Rhubarb 4 " 

Aloes 20 " 

Mix, and make into 3-grain pills. 

"BIG G" INJECTION. 

Berberine, Hydrochlorate of 15 grains. 

Zinc, Acetate of 15 " 

Glycerine % ounce. 

Water enough to make 



BLACK OIL LINlMENTo 

Alcohol 2 ounces. 

Arnica, Tincture of 2 " 

British Oil 2 

Oil of Tar 2 

Mix together in a pitcher and slowly add 

Sulphuric Acid y 2 " 

This will be found very useful as a liniment in cases where there 
is inflammation. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 617 

BORDET'S HAIR TONIC. 

Carbolic Acid 30 drops. 

Cardamon, Tincture of 30 " 

Nux Vomica, Tincture of 2 drachms* 

Cinchona, Compound, Tincture of 1 " 

Cologne Water 1 " 

Cocoanut Oil, enough to make 4 ounces. 

BOSCHEE'S GERMAN SYRUP. 

Tar, Oil of 1 drachm. 

Ipecac, Fluid Extract of ]/% ounce. 

Wild Cherry, Fluid Extract of 6 drachms. 

Opium, Tincture of 4 

Magnesia, Carbonate of 3 

Water 6 ounces. 

White Sugar 10 " 

Triturate the Magnesia first with the Oil of Tar, add the fluid 
extracts, mix thoroughly, then add the Tincture of Opium and 
water. Filter and form a solution with the sugar by shaking the 
bottle. 

BRANDRETH'S PILLS. 

Aloes 2 drachms. 

Colocynth, Extract of 20 grains. 

Gamboge 1 drachm. 

Castile Soap y z " 

Peppermint, Oil of 2 drops. '- 

Cinnamon, Oil of 1 drop. 

Add a little Gum Arabic and a few drops of water, mix thoroughly 
and divide into 80 pills. 

THE BRINKERHOFF SYSTEM. 

Traveling ( ' doctors ' ' are too well known to need any intro- 
duction. A few years ago they claimed to possess secret methods 
for the successful treatment of many diseases, and even now 
there are those who claim to be specialists in the treatment of 
tapeworm and cancer. However, the so-called ' 'secret methods" 
are secrets no longer, for with the advance of modern medicine 
the chemist has analyzed almost every preparation extant, and 
to-day the remedies applied by the traveling ' ' doctor ' ' are well 
understood. In justice to him, it may be said that occasionally 
some system of treatment possessed real merit. Not long ago 
the "Brinkerhoff's Secret Pile Remedy" was heralded throughout 
the country as the only sure cure for piles, and for a time the 
proprietors met with wonderful success — from a financial stand- 
point. Below we give the Brinkerhoff system in detail: 

BrinkerhofTs Secret Pile Remedy. 

Carbolic Acid 1 ounce. 

Sweet Oil 5 

Chloride of Zinc 8 grains. 

Mix y and inject into the largest pile 8 drops; into the medium 
sized piles, from 4 to 6 drops; and into the small ones, from 2 to 3 
drops; into club-shaped piles near the orifice, 2 drops. 



618 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

He directs hot sitz baths for those cases where violent pains 
follow the injections. He also recommends an interval of from two 
to four weeks between each injection. 

Brinkerhoff 's Celebrated Ulcer Specific. 

Distilled Extract of Witch Hazel 5 drachms. 

Liquor of Subsulphate of Iron 1 " 

Carbolic Acid Crystals 2 grains. 

Glycerine 2 drachms. 

Mix, and for fistula in ano inject 10 to 15 drops deep into the 
fistula, and press the track of the fistula with the fingers to force 
the fluid more deeply in. 
In cases of recent ulcer, he gives the following treatment: 
To i}4 ounces of water add # teaspoonful of the Ulcer Specific 
and }i teaspoonful of starch, and inject into the rectum every 
night. Sometimes he recommends an injection of starch into the 
rectum in the morning after the bowels have moved. 

The Brinkerhoff System as applied to fissures: 

Once or twice a month as the "doctor" goes around on his 
circuit he inserts a small speculum, cleans out the ulcer and 
applies to it a solution of Nitrate of Silver — 40 grains to the ounce. 
Between applications the patient uses a morning and evening treat- 
ment himself. Bach morning he is to evacuate the bowels, then 
inject the rectum with lukewarm water, and finally insert into it a 
little ointment consisting of the following: 

Carbolic Acid 3 grains. 

Sulphur 8 

Vaseline 1 ounce. 

or Lard may be used in place of Vaseline. For the evening treat- 
ment he uses the ulcer remedy containing the distilled Extract of 
Witch Hazel already given. Add y 2 teaspoonful of this to the 
same quantity of starch and about 3 tablespoonfuls of water, and inject 
into the rectum every evening. In treating polypus, Brinkerhoff 
directs his patients to tie the pedicle close to the wall of the bowel 
with a waxed saddler's silk thread, then if the pedicle is long 
enough, to snip it off outside the knot; if it is short, to let it alone and 
it will fall off. Put the patient to bed, give something to constipate 
the bowels for three or four days, and then give a mild cathartic. 

BROWN'S BRONCHIAL TROCHES. 

Licorice, Extract of , pulverized 1 pound. 

Sugar, pulverized 1% " 

Cubebs, pulverized 4 ounces. 

Gum Arabic, pulverized 4 " 

Conium, Extract of, pulverized 1 ' ' 

Mix. 

BUCKLEYS ARNICA SALVE. 

Arnica, Extract of 1 ounce. 

Resin Cerate .. 8 " 

Vaseline .. ... 2 " 

Seedless Raisins ... 8 " 

Fine-Cut Tobacco )< " 

Water a sufficient quantity. 

Boil the raisins and tobacco in 1 pint of water until the strength 
is extracted, press out the liquid and evaporate to 4 ounces. Soften 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 619 

the extract of Arnica with a little hot water and mix the liquid 
with it. Add this to the Cerate and Vaseline, previously warmed, 
and mix all thoroughly. 

BULL'S COUGH SYRUP. 

Morphine, Sulphate of j( grain. 

Granulated Sugar 2 drachms. 

Table Syrup 3 ounces. 

Mix together. 

CAMPHOR ICE. 

Spermaceti 1% ounces. 

GumCamphor. ^ " 

Sweet Almonds, Oil of 4 teaspoonfuls„ 

Set this on the stove in an earthen vessel, heating it just enough 
to dissolve it. Then put into moulds and cover with tinfoil. This 
is used for chapped hands, lips, etc. 

CARTER'S LITTLE LIVER PILLS. 

Podophyllin..... \]/ z grains. 

Ground Aloes.., 3^ " 

Gum Arabic, Mucilage of, enough to make a soft mass. 
Divide into 12 pills and coat with sugar. Take at bedtime one or 
more as needed. 

CASTORIA. 

Senna 4 drachms. 

Manna 1 ounce. 

Rochelle Salts..... 1 " 

Fennel Seed, bruised \]/ 2 drachms. 

Boiling Water.. 8 ounces. 

Sugar „ 8 

Oil of Wintergreen enough to flavor. 
Pour the water on the ingredients. Cover and macerate until 
cool, strain ?nd add the sugar, dissolve by agitation, and add Oil of 
Wintergree jl to flavor. 

CHAMBERLAIN'S COLIC, CHOLERA AND DIARRHEA REMEDY. 

Capsicum, Tincture of 20 drachms. 

Camphor, Tincture of 16 " 

Guaiac, Tincture of 12 " 

Mix together. 

CHAMBERLAIN'S RELIEF. 

Capsicum, Tincture of 1 ounce. 

Camphor, Spirits of ■ % " 

Guaiac, Tincture of , — — _„ % * 

Color Tincture, to make.. 2 " 

Mix together. 

The color tincture is merely a solution kept in drug stores foi 

the purpose of coloring mixtures. 

COD LIVER OIL EMULSION. 

Anaemic patients, those who have consumption or any form of 
wasting disease and wish to take Cod L,iver Oil, will find the 
following preparation a most suitable one. It contains 50 per 
cent of Oil, and 50 per cent is all that is claimed for any prepara- 
tion of this kind. It also contains Phosphate of I<ime freshly 



620 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

precipitated. The Phosphate of I^ime is made from Phosphate of 
Soda and Chloride of Iyime, or Chloride of Calcium. In mixing 
the Phosphate of Soda and Chloride of Lime in water, the com- 
pounds are broken up and reunite, with the result that we have 
Chloride of Soda and Phosphate of L,ime. Chloride of Soda is 
common salt, and remains dissolved in the water, while the Phos- 
phate of L,ime is precipitated. The Lime can be placed on a 
coarse filter, such as druggists use, and water poured over it, and 
as it passes through it will drain the salt and leave the Phosphate 
of Lime pure and fresh. This is the best preparation of the kind 
that can be had. It is made as follows: 

Phosphate of Soda 12 ounces. 

Chloride of Calcium 1 " 

Dissolve separately in 1 or 2 pints of water; the amount is not 
particular. Then mix, stirring briskly while mixing, and filter as 
directed above. Dissolve 8 ounces of Gum Arabic in 24 ounces of 
water and add slowly 2 pints of Cod Liver Oil. Stir the solution of 
Gum Arabic with, an egg-beater while adding the oil. If thoroughly 
mixed, these will make a perfect emulsion; the oil will not sepa- 
rate. Now add the Phosphate of Lime gradually and stir as above. 
Add a few drops of Cinnamon Oil or other flavoring to suit. 

Dose. — One or 2 tablespoonfuls three or four times a day. 

COKE DANDRUFF CURE. 

The following is the formula of the Coke Dandruff Cure, so widely 
advertised throughout the country: 

Resorcin 4 drachms. 

Alcohol 4 ounces. 

Water 4 ounces. 

Mix all together and apply two or three times a week, rubbing the 
scalp lightly but for some time, with each application. Color, if desired. 

CUTICURA OINTMENT. 

The much advertised Cuticura Ointment has been found to 
consist of a base of Petroleum Jelly, colored green, perfumed with 
Oil of Bergamot and containing two per cent of Carbolic Acid, or 
9 drops to the ounce. 

CUTICURA RESOLVENT. 

Aloes, pure 1 drachm. 

Rhubarb, powdered 1 

Iodide Potass 36 grains. 

Whiskey 1 pint. 

Macerate over night and filter. 

DAVIS' (PERRY) PAIN KILLER. 

Gum Myrrh.; 1 ounce. 

Capsicum, powdered 2 drachms. 

Gum Opium 1^ " 

Gum Benzoin 1 

Gum Guiac Yz 

Gum Camphor 2 

Digest these ingredients in 1 pint of Alcohol for two weeks and 
filter. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 621 

ELY'S CREAM BALM. 

Ely's Cream Balm is a catarrh remedy that is well known and 
for years has been sold throughout the country. The well-known 
Kilmer's Modern Pha?macy gives the following as the formula: 

Thymol 3 grains. 

Carbonate Bismuth 15 " 

Oil Wintergreen 2 drops. 

Vaseline 1 ounce. 

ESPEY'S CREAM. 

Cydonium \]/ 2 drachms. 

Boric Acid 4 grains. 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Alcohol 3 " 

Carbolic Acid 10 drops. 

Cologne water 2 drachms. 

Rosewater 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Boric Acid in 4 ounces of Rosewater, macerate the Cydo- 
nium in the solution for three hours, press through straining cloth, 
and add Glycerine, Alcohol, Cologne and sufficient Rosewater to 
make 1 pint. Lastly add the Carbolic Acid and shake well. 

FAHNESTOCK'S VERMIFUGE. 

Castor Oil 1 ounce. 

Wormseed, Oil of 1 " 

Anise, Oil of y 2 ' 

Myrrh, Tincture of ]/ 2 drachm. 

Turpentine, Oil of 10 drops. 

Mix. 

FELLOWS' HYPOPHOSPHITES. 

Glucose (Grape Sugar) 1 pound. 

Simple Syrup 1 pint. 

Calcium, Hypophosphites of 128 grains. 

Potash, Hypophosphites of 48 " 

Iron, Sulphate of 48 " 

Magnesia, Sulphate of 32 

Strychnine, Sulphate of 2 ' 

Quinine, Sulphate of 14 ' 

Water 

Dissolve the Calcium and Potassium hypophosphites in 2 ounces of 
warm water. Add to 1 ounce of water 3 drachms of the Syrup, and 
dissolve in the mixture, by the aid of heat, the remainder of the sul- 
phates. Mix the solutions and set by a few hours, covered, to deposit 
the Sulphate of Calcium which is formed. Filter into a bottle 
containing the remainder of the Syrup, wash the residue with an 
ounce of boiling water, and mix nitrate and washings with the 
Syrup. Dissolve the Glucose in the mixture, and add through the 
filter enough water to make 2 pints. The formula would be improv- 
ed by substituting for the Glucose a refined extract of Malt like that 
prepared by Gehe in Germany. 



622 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

FROSTILLA. 

This is a preparation for chapped hands that is widely 
known throughout the country. The formula is as follows: 

Quince Seed i drachm. 

Glycerine 6 ounces. 

Deodorized Alcohol 5 " 

Water 21 " 

Add the Quince Seed to warm water, let stand until it becomes 
quite thick, strain carefully and add the Glycerine and deodorized 
Alcohol. Perfume to suit. 

This is a most satisfactory preparation, and will please all 
who use it. 

GARGLING OIL. 

Crude Petroleum 13 ounces. 

Ammonia Water 6 " 

SoftSoap 16 

Benzine 16 " 

Amber, Crude Oil of 2 " 

Iodine, Tincture of 1 " 

Water 5 pints. 

Mix the Petroleum and Soap, add the Ammonia Water Oil of 
Amber and Tincture of Iodine, and mix thoroughly. Then add the 
Benzine and finally the water. 






"GOLD CURE" FOR DRUNKENNESS. 

We give below two systems of treatment. The first is that 
given by the well known Keeley Institute, the second is Dr. 
Wherrell's method. The two methods were recently investigated 
by two commissions appointed by the United States Government, 
and in each case Dr. Wherrell's was adopted and used in the 
National Military Home at Dayton, Ohio, where over one thou- 
sand old soldiers were cured. Perhaps people have heard more 
about the Keeley method because it was among the earlier used, 
and also because it has been more widely advertised; yet when 
analyzed, the Purge method, the Bromide method, Keeley method, 
Wherrell and various other methods used in sanitariums, are 
all one and the same. Any one taking either of the following 
"cures" must have an earnest desire to be cured, for experience 
has proven that the man who does not feel the necessity of a cure 
will not be benefited by the remedy. 

The Keeley Cure. — 

Gentian, Tincture of 2 ounces. 

Columbo, Tincture of 2 ' 

Cinchona, Tincture of 2 " 

Salicin 2 drachms. 

Dissolve the Salicin in 4 ounces of boiling water and add to the 
tinctures. The dose is 1 teaspoonful every two hours, and should 
be taken with regularity for four or five weeks. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 623 

The Wherrell Treatment— 

Quassia, Tincture of 2 ounces. 

Cinchona Compound, Tincture of 2 " 

Hydrastis, Tincture of 2 " 

Mix together and take a teaspoonful in water every three hours. 

Either of these forms of treatment is a specific for the drink 
habit, and will effect a cure in nearly every instance where the 
patient desires to lead a sober life. Either remedy will antago- 
nize and eliminate the alcohol from the system, and restore the 
brain to the natural condition so that there will be no desire for 
alcoholic stimulants. Either remedy must be taken regularly, 
and, if necessary, some one of the family or a nurse should see 
that the directions are fully carried out. Either of these reme- 
dies are for home treatment for patients who cannot spare the 
time to take such treatment at the institute. The bitter taste 
cannot be disguised. Neither remedy should be given without 
the full consent of the patient, for, as already stated, experience 
has proven that if the patient does not give his full consent and 
show an earnest desire to be cured, the treatment should not be 
undertaken. There will be no bad effects from taking these 
remedies according to directions, as the ingredients are harmless; 
on the contrary, they build up the nervous system and add 
strength and vigor to the whole body. 

There are exceptional cases where, in addition to either of 
the remedies given, the injection method may also be needed. 
The injection consists of Chloride of Gold and Sodium, T V grain, 
and Apomorphine, ^ to \ grain, for each injection. The injection 
is given under the skin with a hypodermic needle once or twice a 
day. 

GOOD SAMARITAN COUGH SYRUP. 

Muriate of Morphine 1 grain. 

Cherry-Laurel Water 1 drachm. 

Simple Syrup 2 ounces. 

Mix. Take from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls once or twice daily. 

GOOD SAMARITAN LINIMENT. 

Sassafras, Oil of 1 ounce. 

Hemlock, Oil of 1 

Turpentine, Spirits of 1 

Capsicum, Tincture of 1 

Opium, Tincture of 1 

Myrrh, Tincture of 4 

Origanum, Oil of 2 

Wintergreen, Oil of 4 drachms. 

Gum Camphor 2 ounces. 

Chloroform i l / 2 

Alcohol 4 pints. 

Mix. 



624 



FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



GREEN MOUNTAIN SALVE. 

Resin 10 ounces. 

Burgundy Pitch 4 drachms. 

Beeswax 4 

Mutton Tallow 4 

Oil Hemlock 1 

Balsam Fir 1 

Oil Origanum 1 

Oil Red Cedar 1 

Venice Turpentine 1 

Oil Wormwood y 2 

Verdigris, powdered 1 

Melt the first articles together and add the oils. Rub up the 
Verdigris with a little oil, put it in with the other articles, stir well, 
and then put the basin containing the mixture into a larger vessel of 
cold water, and work with the hands until cold enough to roll. 

GREENE'S NERVURA. 

Cinchona, Tincture of 5 ounces. 

Damiana, Tincture of 5 " 

Coca, Tincture of 5 " 

Mix. 

GREEN'S AUGUST FLOWER. 

Rhubarb 360 grains. 

Goldenseal 90 " 

Cape Aloes 16 " 

Peppermint Leaves 120 " 

Potash, Carbonate of 120 " 

Capsicum 5 " 

Sugar 5 ounces 

Alcohol 3 " 

Water 10 " 

Peppermint, Essence of 20 drops. 

Powder the drugs and macerate in the mixed Alcohol and water 
for seven days; filter, and add enough diluted Alcohol to make the 
whole measure one pint. 

HAIR'S (W. B.) ASTHMA CURE. 

Potash, Iodide of 1 ounce. 

Tar Water 1 pint. 

Caramel, about 30 grains. 

Caramel is burnt sugar. Put the sugar on a hot stove and burn 
it until it is a dark brown. 

Another. — 

Tar, Wine of 14 ounces. 

Potash, Iodide of 220 grains. 

HAIR RESTORATIVES, LEAD IN. 

There is a popular impression that the continued use of hair 
restoratives leads to paralysis. In the light of the facts below it 
is not strange that lead paralysis is caused by these preparations. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 6 2 5 

The following is taken from the report of Prof. C. F. Chand- 
ler to the New York Board of Health: 

Mrs. S. A. Allen's World's Kair Restorer. 

One fluid ounce contains: 

Lead in solution 5.26 grains. 

Lead in the sediment 0.31 

Kail's Vegetable Sicilian Hair Renewer. 

One fluid ounce contains: 

Lead in solution 6.45 grains. 

Lead in the sediment 0.68 

Ayer's Hair Vigor. 

One fluid ounce contains: 

Lead in solution 2.81 grains. 

Lead in the sediment 0.08 

Hoyt's Hiawatha Hair Restorative. — This is an Ammonia- 
cal solution of Nitrate of Silver, containing 4.76 grains of the 
Nitrate to one fluid ounce. It contains no other metals. 

Clark's Distilled Restorative for the Hair. 

This preparation contains in one fluid ounce: 

Lead in solution 0.11 grains. 

L. Knittel's Indian Hair Tonic. 

One fluid ounce contains: 

Lead in solution 5.16 grains. 

Lead in the sediment 1.13 " 

Chevalier's Life for the Hair. 

One fluid ounce contains: 

Lead in solution 0.22 grains. 

Lead in the sediment 0.80 " 

Pearson & Co.'s Circassian Hair Rejuvenator. 

One fluid ounce contains: 

Lead in solution 1.40 grains. 

Lead in the sediment 1.31 " 

HALL'S CATARRH CURE. 

Gentian Root, powdered i}( ounces. 

Orange Peel, powdered 5 drachms. 

Cardamom Seeds 100 grains. 

Potash, Iodide of 1 ounce. 

Alcohol 

Water 

Macerate the crude drugs in 12 ounces of diluted Alcohol for 48 
hours, then transfer to a percolator and allow it to percolate slowly. 
When the liquid has ceased to percolate, pass enough menstruum 
through the percolator to make the finished product measure 16 
ounces. In this dissolve the Potassium Iodide. 

40 



626 FAVORITE, MBDICAl RECEIPTS. 

HALL'S HAIR RENEWER. 

Precipitated Sulphur i drachm. 

Lead, Sugar of i « 

Common Salt 2 " 

Glycerine 8 ounces. 

Bay Rum..... 2 " 

Jamaica Rum 4 " 

Water 1 pint. 

Mix together. 

HARLEM On- 
Sulphur , 2 ounces. 

Linseed Oil 1 lb. 

Amber, Oil of 2 ounces. 

Boil the Sulphur and Linseed Oil on a slow fire until the Sulphur 
is dissolved, then remove from the fire and, when the mixture has 
somewhat cooled take the Oil of Amber and enough Oil of Turpen- 
tine to bring the preparation to the consistence of molasses. 

HOP BITTERS. 

Hops, Tincture of y 2 ounce. 

Buchu, Tincture of 3 drachms. 

Senega, Tincture of 3 " 

Podophyllin (dissolved in Spirits of Wine) 10 grains. 

Cochineal, Tincture of 20 drops. 

Distilled Water sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix. 

HOSTETTER'S BITTERS. 

Sugar 1 ounce. 

Sweet Flag Root 1 " 

OrangePeel 1 " 

Peruvian Bark 1 " 

Gentian Root 1 " 

ColumboRoot 1 " 

Rhubarb 2 drachms. 

Cinnamon < 1 " 

Cloves y z 

Diluted Alcohol 1 pint. 

HUNYADI JANOS WATER. 

Lime, Sulphate of 72 grains. 

Glauber Salts 2^ ounces. 

Epsom Salts 2%. " 

Potash, Sulphate of 6 grains. 

Water 8 pints. 

Mix together, and charge with gas if desired. 

Dose. — One-half glassful more or less. This is an active cathartic 
and may be taken when needed. 

INJECTION BROU. 

Tincture Catechu (1 in 16) 1 drachm. 

Cocaine Muriate 10 grains. 

Lead Acetate 10 

Zinc Sulphate 10 " 

Water 6^ ounces. 

Alcohol % 

Dissolve the mineral salts (the Lead and Zinc) each in )/ z ounce 
of water and mix them. Dilute the Tincture Catechu with 4 ounces 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 627 

of water. Add the minerals to the Catechu, then dilute the Cocaine 
Muriate in an ounce of water and add that. Lastly add the Alcohol 
and water. 

If it is desired to color this the same as the Injection Brou, a 
small amount of Magenta may be added. 

JAYNE'S EXPECTORANT. 

Syrup Squills 2 ounces. 

Tolu, Tincture of \% " 

Camphor, Tincture of 1 drachm. 

Digitalis, Tincture of 1 " 

Opium, Tincture of 2 " 

Wine Ipecac 2 " 

Tartar Emetic 2 grains. 

Mix. 

KENNEDY'S MEDICAL DISCOVERY. 

Bitter Root 4 drachms. 

Sneezewort 1 ounce. 

Mix and add: 

Boiling Water 8 ounces. 

Alcohol 5 " 

Water 5 " 

Licorice Root y 2 " 

Mix all together and let stand for two days, and add: 

White Sugar 4 ounces. 

Wintergreen, Tincture of 1 " 

KINO'S NEW DISCOVERY. 

Morphine, Sulphate of 8 grains. 

Ipecac, Fluid Extract of y 2 drachm. 

Chloroform 60 drops. 

White Pine, Tincture of 2 ounces. 

Water 7 

Magnesia, Carbonate of % " 

Sugar 14 " 

Rub the Magnesia with 1 ounce of the sugar in a mortar and 
triturate (stir rapidly) with the tincture of White Pine and the fluid 
extract of Ipecac; gradually add the water, and triturate with the 
mixture in the mortar. Filter, and dissolve the Morphia Sulphate 
in the filtrate. Mix the Chloroform with the rest of the sugar in 
a bottle and add the liquor above. Keep in a tight vessel. 

LIEBIG'S CORN CURE. 

Indian Hemp, Extract of 5 grains. 

Salicylic Acid 3° " 

Collodion Yz ounce. 

Mix until dissolved. Apply with a camel hair pencil or brush 
four consecutive nights and mornings to form a thick coating. The 
Collodion protects the corn from irritation and rubbing, the extract 
of Indian Hemp acts as an anodyne, and the Salicylic Acid dissolves 
and disintegrates the corn. 



628 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

LYDIA PINKHAM'S VEGETABLE COMPOUND. 

Cramp Bark 4 ounces. 

Partridge Berry Vine 4 

Poplar Bark 2 

Unicorn Root 2 

Cassia 2 

Beth Root \y 2 

Sugar i l / 2 pounds. 

Alcohol 1 pint. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

The drugs should all be reduced to a moderately coarse powder 
(what druggists call "Number 40"). Pour on boiling water, let 
stand until cold, then percolate with water until the percolate 
measures 5 pints, add the sugar, bring to a boil, remove from 
the .fire and, when cold, add the Alcohol and strain. 

Dose. — One or 2 teaspoonfuls of this may be taken three or four 
times a day. 

LYON'S KATKAIRON. 

Castor Oil 1 ounce. 

Cantharides, Tincture of 1 drachm. 

Bergamot, Oil of 20 drops. 

Ammonia, Stronger Water of 1 " 

Alcohol enough to make 3 ounces. 

MADAME RUPPERT'S FACE BLEACH. 

Corrosive Sublimate 1 grain. 

Benzoin, Tincture of 7 " 

Water 1 ounce. 

Mix. 

MALVINA CREAM. 

"Warranted to remove freckles, beautify the complexion and 
preserve the smoothness of the skin." Used in conjunction with 
Malvina Lotion. 

Saxoline 265 grains. 

White Wax 50 

Spermaceti 30 " 

Bismuth Oxychloride 40 

Mercuric Chloride y z 

Rose, Spirits of (4 drachms of Oil to 1 pint) 20 drops. 
Almonds, Bitter Oil of ^ 

Warm the Saxoline, White Wax and Spermaceti together until 
melted. While cooling, incorporate the Bismuth Oxychloride and 
the Mercuric Chloride, this last previously dissolved in a little Alco- 
hol, and when nearly cool stir in the perfumes. 

MALVINA LOTION. 

"This lotion should be used as directed with the Malvina 
Cream, as it is of great importance in the cure of freckles, pim- 
ples, moth patches, liver mole, ringworm and salt rheum. It 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 629 

straightens wrinkles in the face, speeds the circulation of the 
blood, and cleanses and softens the skin to youthful freshness." 

Almonds, Oil of 2 drachms. 

Rosewater 1 Pint. 

Gum Arabic, best quality (dissolved in a 

little of the Rosewater) 4 drachms. 

Corrosive 'Sublimate 2 grains. 

Zinc, Oxide of 3 drachms. 

MAGNETIC PAIN KILLER. 

Laudanum 1 drachm. 

Gum Camphor 4 " 



Cloves, Oil of. 



Lavender, Oil of 1 " 

Mix and add 

Alcohol 1 ounce. 

Sulphuric Ether 6 drachms. 

Chloroform 5 ' 

Apply with lint; or for toothache, rub on the gums or upon the 
face against the gums. 

MICAJAH'S MEDICATED UTERINE WAFERS. 

Corrosive Sublimate ^ grain. 

Zinc, Sulphate of 5 " 

Bismuth, Subnitrate of 15 " 

Gum Arabic 5 " 

Carbolic Acid 3 " 

Enough water to form a mass and make into suppositories. Each 
suppository contains the above amount. 

ORANGE BLOSSOM. 

Zinc, Sulphate of 1 drachm. 

Alum 15 grains. 

Cocoa Butter 3 drachms. 

White Wax %. 

Sweet Almonds, Oil of i l / 2 '* 

Henbane, Extract of 1 grain. 

PAINE'S CELERY COMPOUND. 

Celery Seed 2 ounces. 

Red Cinchona 1 " 

Orange Peel X " 

Coriander Seed % " 

Lemon Peel ^ 

Hydrochloric Acid 15 drops. 

Alcohol 5 ounces. 

Glycerine 3 " 

Water 4 " 

Syrup 4 " 

Grind the solids to No. 40 powder, mix the acid and the water, 
add the Glycerine and Alcohol, and in the menstruum so prepared 
macerate the powder for twenty-four hours; then percolate, adding 
enough water and Alcohol in the proportion to make 12 fluid ounces. 
Finally add the syrup and, if necessary, filter. 



630 FAVORITB MEDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

PERUNA, 

Copaiba 6 drachms. 

Cubebs 2 " 

Calisaya Bark, ground 2 ounces. 

Stone Root ( Collinsonia ) ground 2 « ' 

Corydalis ( Turkey Corn ) ground 2 " 

Deodorized Alcohol 1 pint. 

Add all the ingredients to the Alcohol. Let stand one week. 
Shake the bottle frequently, and finally strain through several 
thicknesses of muslin, or filter through filtering paper, which may 
be obtained at any drug store. Sweeten and flavor to taste. 

PET-TIT'S EYE SALVE. 

Olive Oil 4 drachms. 

Spermaceti \ J / 2 " 

White Wax y 2 

Melt together and add gradually in a warm mortar the following 
in fine powder and thoroughly mix, stirring briskly while adding: 

Zinc, Oxide of 30 grains. 

White Precipitate 20 " 

Benzoic Acid 2 " 

Morphine, Sulphate of % " 

Rosemary, Oil of % " 

Stir until cool, and preserve in a well covered vessel. 

PIERCE'S FAVORITE PRESCRIPTION. 

Savin 150 grains. 

Cinchona 150 " 

Agaric 75 

Cinnamon 75 " 

Water sufficient to make a decoction of . . . . 8 ounces. 
To this add the following: 

Acacia 150 grains. 

Sugar 75 

Digitalis, Tincture of % drachm. 

Opium % " 

Anise, Oil of 8 drops. 

Dissolve the gum and sugar in the strained decoction, and add the 
following: 

Alcohol (in which the oil has previously 

been dissolved) 2 ounces. 

PIERCE'S GOLDEN MEDICAL DISCOVERY. 

Cinchona, Fluid Extract of 16 ounces. 

Columbo, Fluid Extract of 4 " 

Guaiac, Fluid Extract of 8 " 

Licorice, Fluid Extract of 4 " 

Opium, Tincture of 1 " 

Podophyllin (resinoid) 120 grains. 

Glycerine 6 pints. 

Alcohol enough to dissolve the Podophyl- 
lin. 

Mix all together. 

Dose, — One teaspoonful from two to four times a day. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 631 

PIMPLE LOTION. 

Carbolic Acid 1 drachm. 

Borax 4 " 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Tannin 2 drachms. 

Alcohol 3 ounces. 

Rosewater 10 " 

Mix and dissolve. Apply night and morning. 

PINK PILLS FOR PALE PEOPLE. 

Iron, pure Sulphate of y z ounce. 

Potash, Carbonate of 140 grains. 

Sugar . 48 

Tragacanth in fine powder 16 " 

Glycerine 10 drops. 

Water enough to make a mass. 

Mix all thoroughly and divide into 150 pills. 

Coat with pink colored sugar. 

PISO'S CURE FOR CONSUMPTION. 

Tolu, Tincture of y z ounce. 

Lobelia, Fluid Extract of 2 drachms. 

Indian Hemp, Fluid Extract of 2 " 

Chloroform 1 " 

Morphine, Sulphate of 4 grains. 

Tartar Emetic 4 " 

Water 8 ounces. 

Sugar 14 " 

Spearmint, Essence of 10 drops. 

RADAM'S MICROBE KILLER. 

Sulphurous Acid, U. S. P 4 ounces. 

Commercial Sulphuric Acid y 2 ounce. 

Muriatic Acid from 2 to 10 drops. 

Any kind of red wine 1 ounce. 

Water enough to make 1 gallon. 

Mix. 

RADWAY'S READY RELIEF. 

Soap Liniment \y 2 ounces. 

Capsicum, Tincture of y 2 " 

Ammonia, Water of y 2 li 

Alcohol y 2 " 

Mix. 

RANSOM'S HIVE SYRUP AND TOLU. 

Squills, Fluid Extract of 2 drachms. 

Senega, Fluid Extract of 2 " 

Tolu, Soluble Essence of 2 " 

Tartar Emetic 4 grains. 

White Sugar 4 ounces. 

Water enough to make 4 " 

It is readily prepared by rubbing the Tartar Emetic and sugar 
well together, adding the fluid extracts and essence of Tolu, and 
then enough water to make, after short slight heating and straining, 
4 fluid ounces. Each fluid ounce of the syrup contains 1 grain of 
Tartar Emetic. 



632 FA VORITB MEDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

THE FAMOUS "RECAMIER" REMEDIES. 

Recamier Moth and Freckle Lotion contains Corrosive 
Sublimate in Almond paste or emulsion with water. It is sold 
for $1.50. (Probable cost from ten to twenty cents.— Pub.) — 
Boston Journal of Health . 

Recamier Powder contains Arrowroot and Oxide of Zinc. 
It is put up in a pasteboard box, and is sold for $1.00. Its cost 
is about five cents. — Boston Journal of Health. 

Recamier Balm comes in a cheap glass flask, tied with a bit 
of ribbon and filled with water. It contains a white powder — 
the Oxide of Zinc — and Corrosive Sublimate. This preparation 
is sold for $1.50. To make it costs at most ten cents. — Boston 
Journal of Health . 

Recamier Cream. — 

Zinc, Oxide of 2 ounces. 

Glycerine d l / 2 drachms. 

Water 1 " 

Rose, Spirits of (4 drachms to pint) 1 " 

Triturate together until a perfectly homogeneous mass results. 

SAGE'S CATARRH REMEDY. 

Golden Seal, powdered 1 ounce. 

Borax, powdered 10 grains. 

Common Salt 10 " 

Cyanuret of Iron sufficient to color. 

Mix. 

SANFORD'S RADICAL CURE OF CATARRH. 

This consists of a distilled extract of Witch Hazel containing 
a little Alcohol and Glycerine, perhaps as much as 5 per cent of 
the latter and between 10 and 15 per cent of the former. Also 
an important constituent is Morphine. The "solvent" consists 
mostly of Nitre and Bicarbonate of Soda, with a small quantity 
of the yellow powder, insoluble or sparingly soluble in water, 
probably a vegetable powder. 

SCHENCK'S PULMONIC SYRUP. 

Wormwood j4 ounce. 

Catnip l / 2 " 

Tansy l / 2 " 

Hyssop. y 2 " 

Horehound % " 

Hops y 2 " 

Chamomile l /z " 

Comfrey l / 2 u 

Senega }4 " 

Elecampane ., yi li 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 633 

Boil with sufficient water to make, after straining, 1 quart. Then 
add: 

Gum Arabic 1% ounces. 

Licorice \ l / 2 " 

Then add one good sized Indian Turnip, and finally add: 

Sugar 3 pounds. 

Brandy x / 2 pint. 

And the juice of two lemons. 

SEIDLITZ POWDERS. 

Rochelle Salts 2 drac hm s. 

Soda, Bicarbonate of 2 scruples. 

Tartaric Acid 35 grains. 

Mix the Salts and Soda together and put in a blue paper; then 
put the Tartaric Acid in a white paper. When using, put the pow- 
der contained in the blue paper in about a half glass of water, then 
add the Tartaric Acid contained in the white paper, and drink 
quickly while effervescing. A little loaf sugar may also be added, if 
desired. 

SEVEN BARKS. 

Hydrangea, "Extract of 1 drachm. 

Poke Root, " " 1 y 2 ounces. 

Culver's Root, " " i# " 

Dandelion, " " \]/ 2 

Ladies' Slipper, " " 1%, 

Colocynth " " \% " 

Bloodroot, " " 6 drachms. 

Blue Flag, " " 6 

Stone Root, " " 6^ " 

Goldenseal, " " jtf " 

Mandrake, " " 3 ounces. 

Black Cohosh, " " 3 

Butternut, " " 6 

Spirits of Sea Salt 2 

Aloes 10 drachms. 

Borate of Sodium 2 ounces. 

Capsicum, Infusion of 4J^ drachms. 

Sassafras, powdered 11 " 

Ginger 6 " 

Syrup 1% quarts. 

Water, sufficient to make 3 " 

SEVEN SUTHERLAND SISTERS' HAIR GROWER. 

Distilled Extract of Witch Hazel 9 ounces. 

Bay Rum 7 " 

Common Salt 1 drachm. 

Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid 1 drop. 

Mix the Bay Rum and distilled Extract of Witch Hazel, add 
Yz ounce Carbonate of Magnesia and shake thoroughly, filter, add 
the salt and let it dissolve, and then add the Hydrochloric Acid. 
The agitation with the Magnesia causes the preparation to assume a 
yellow color, but by rendering it very slightly acid with 1 drop of 
Hydrochloric Acid, this color all disappears. 



634 



FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



SHILOH'S CONSUMPTION CURE. 

Morphine, Muriate of 3 

Muriatic Acid 3 

Henbane, Fluid Extract of 2 

Ginger, Fluid Extract of 3 

Wild Cherry, Fluid Extract of 3 

Alcohol \]/ 2 

Water \y 2 

Chloroform 1 

Peppermint, Essence of 30 

Tar, Syrup of 3 

Simple Syrup enough to make 8 



grains. 

drops. 

drachms. 



drops, 
ounces. 



SMITH BROS.' COUGH DROPS. 

Average weight of each drop 36. 5 grains. 

Sugar (and glucose in small quantities)... 35.5 " 
Charcoal, powdered 80 " 

Licorice in small quantities. 

Highly flavored with Oil of Sassafras with a little Oil of Anise 
added. 

SOZODONT. 

Castile Soap 75 grains. 

Glycerine 75 " 

Alcohol 1 ounce. 

Water 5 drachms. 

Peppermint, Oil of sufficient quantity. 

Cloves, Oil of 

Anise,Oilof 

Cinnamon, Oil of " " 

SQUIBB'S DIARRHEA MIXTURE. 

Opium, Tincture of 1 ounce. 

Capsicum, Tincture of 1 

Camphor, Spirits of 1 

Chloroform, purified 180 drops. 

Alcohol enough to make 5 ounces. 

Mix together. 

Dose. — From 15 to 30 drops. 

ST. JACOB'S OIL. 

Gum Camphor % ounce. 

Chloral Hydrate % 

Chloroform X 

Sulphuric Ether % 

Opium, Tincture of 1 drachm. 

Origanum, Oil of 1 

Sassafras, Oil of 1 

Alcohol 1 pint. 

STUART'S DYSPEPSIA TABLETS. 

Each tablet contains the following: 

Common Baking Soda 10 grains. 

Morphine -fa 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 635 



SUN" CHOLERA CURE. 



ounce. 



Capsicum Tincture of 

Opium, Tincture of 

Rhubarb, powdered 

Peppermint, Essence of 

Camphor, Spirits of 

Mix— Dose: From 15 to 30 drops. 

SWAIM'S VERMIFUGE. 

Wormseed 2 ounces. 

Valerian \y 2 " 

Rhubarb i l / 2 

Pink Root i l / 2 

White Agaric \]/ 2 

Boil in sufficient water to yield 3 quarts of decoction, and add: 

Tansy, Oil of „ 30 drops. 

Cloves, Oil of 45 " 

Dissolve the Oils in a quart of rectified spirits. 

Dose. — One tablespoonful at night. 

SWIFPS SYPHILITIC SPECIFIC. 

Old Man's Gray Beard Root 1 peck. 

Prickly Ash Root 4 ounces. 

White Sumac Root 2 " 

Red Sumac Root 2 " 

Sarsaparilla Root 2% " 

Copper, Sulphate of 2 drachms. 

Bruise the Gray Beard and Sumac roots, and put them with the 
Sarsaparilla into an iron pot sufficient to hold 2 gallons of 
water, or cover the roots completely with the water. Cover the 
pot with pine tops, and boil slowly until the liquid assumes the 
color of ink. Strain while warm, add the Sulphate of Copper and 
good Holland Gin sufficient to prevent fermentation. 

Dose. — One wineglassful four times a day. Strictly abstain from 
horseback riding, butter or very greasy food, and all kinds of spirits 
or fermented liquors. The chancre must be treated in the usual 
manner. 

SYRUP OF FIGS. 

Senna Leaves i^f ounces. 

Coriander Seed 6 drachms. 

Figs 3 ounces. 

Tamarind 2 " 

Cinnamon Bark 2 " 

Prunes \)/ 2 " 

Licorice, Extract of \)/ 2 drachms. 

Peppermint, Essence of \ l / 2 " 

Simple Syrup 1 pint. 

THOMPSON'S EYE WATER. 

Zinc, Sulphate of 5 grains. 

Copper, Sulphate of 1% " 

Saffron, Tincture of l / 2 drachm. 

Camphor, Tincture of 15 drops. 

Rosewater 2 ounces. 

Pure Water 2 " 

Mix together and filter through filtering paper kept by druggists. 



636 



FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



gram. 



TRASK'S MAGNETIC OINTMENT. 

Hard Raisins, cut into pieces 2 ounces. 

Fine Cut Tobacco 2 " 

Lard 1 » 

White Wax 1 " 

Mix, and simmer together for one hour over a slow fire; or set 
the dish containing it into a pot of boiling water and let boil for 
that length of time. 

The White Wax is added to give it the proper consistence, and 
may be used in greater or less proportion according to the season 
of the year, more being needed in summer than in winter. 

UTERINE TONICS. 

In the following preparation the whole drug is not used; 
the part employed is the active principle or medicinal quality 
only: 

Buckley's Uterine Tonic. 

Bach pill contains: 

Helonin 

Caulophyllin ; 

Macrotin i " 

Hyoscyamine Amorphus ^^ " 

Dose. — Take 1 pill every three hours, or four times a day. If the 
throat becomes dry, or the face flushed, it is evidence that the dose 
should be lessened. If these symptoms do not appear, the amount 
can be increased if desired. 

This prescription gives most satisfactory results, and has 
been used by many noted physicians. 

Parke-Davis' Uterine Tonic. 

Each pill contains: 

Viburnum Prunifolium 1 grain. 

Viburnum Opulus 1 

Star Grass ]/ 2 

Helonias y 2 

Squaw Vine y 2 

Caulophyllum % 

Dose. — Take 1 three or four times a day whenever there is head- 
ache, backache, and a dull pain and feeling of weight in the pelvic 
organs. 

VAN BUSKIRK'S FRAGRANT SOZODONT. 

{For the Teeth.) 

Alcohol 2 ounces. 

Water 2^ 

Castile Soap, pure Yz 

Wintergreen, Oil of 5 drops. 

Red Saunders enough to color 



But very little of the Saunders is required, 
bottle and allow the soap to dissolve. 



Put all together in a 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 657 

WARNER'S SAFE KIDNEY AND LIVER CURE. 

Lycopus Virg. (the herb), Extract of 308 grains. 

Hepatica, Extract of 232 " 

Wintergreen, Extract of 7^ " 

Saltpetre 39 " 

Alcohol 2% ounces. 

Glycerine 10 drachms. 

Water sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix all together, let stand one week. Filter if necessary. 

WINSLOW'S SOOTHING SYRUP. 

Morphine, Sulphate of Yz grain. 

Soda, Carbonate of 1 " 

Simple Syrup \y 2 ounces. 

Pure Water x / z 

Fennel, Spirits of 1 drachm. 

Note. — We have stated several times in this work that Opium 
in any form should not be given to children. Besides causing 
convulsions, it is liable to cause death. Just one drop of Laudanum 
has caused death in a babe. There are many more remedies more 
quieting and absolutely without danger. 



OVER TWO HUNDRED MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL 
RECEIPTS AND THINGS WORTH KNOWING. 



DOSES OF MEDICINE FOR DIFFERENT AGES. 



It must be plain to every one that children do not require 
such powerful medicine as adults, or old people, and therefore it 
is desirable to have some fixed method of determining or regulat- 
ing the administration of doses of medicine. We will assume 
that the dose for a full-grown person is one drachm (60 grains, 
or 1 teaspoonf ul) , then the following proportions will be suitable 
for the various ages given; keeping in view other circumstances, 
such as sex, temperament, habits, climate and state of general 
health. 



7 weeks 

7 months 

Under 2 years. 

" 3 

' 4 

" 5 

" 14 

" 20 

Above 2 1 

1 65 

" 70 

" 85 



PROPORTION. 



one-fifteenth. . . . 

one- twelfth 

one-eighth 

one-sixth 

one-fourth 

one- third 

one-half 

two-fifths 

the full dose.... 
eleven -twelfths 

five-sixths 

two-thirds 



PROPORTIONATE DOSE. 



or grains 4 

or grains 5 

or grains 7^ 

or grains 10 

or grains 15 

or scruple 1 

or drachm y z 

or scruples 2 

or drachm 1 

or grains 55 

or grains 50 

or grains 40 



Another Method of Averaging Doses for Children. — The 
following is very convenient inasmuch as it may be borne in mind 
and is thus always at hand. Add the age of the child to the 
number 12 and use as a denominator, then place the age of the 
child above the line and use as a numerator and the dose will be 
indicated by the fraction. To illustrate: If a child is three years 
of age, add 3 to 12, making 15 for the denominator; then use the 
child's age for the numerator and you have ^5, or \ of the adult 
dose. This plan of dosage is subject to variation, because some 
children are large and robust while others are physically weak. 
The dose should be regulated accordingly. 

Alcohol, To Test Its Purity. — A simple means of detecting 
the purity of Alcohol is as follows: Take an equal amount of 
Alcohol and Castor Oil, put into a clean bottle and shake thor- 

638 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 639 

oughly. If the Alcohol has not been diluted with water, the 
mixture will be perfect. If the Alcohol has been so adulterated, 
the Oil will mix but partially. 

Aqua Ammonia, or Water of Ammonia. — Water of 
Ammonia, when properly prepared, is made by adding 10 per cent 
of the stronger Water of Ammonia to pure water. In other 
words, to 1 pint of pure water add 1% ounces of the stronger 
Water of Ammonia. The stronger Water of Ammonia may be 
had at any drug store. We have reason to believe that much of 
the Ammonia sold in department stores and other places is not 
of proper strength. 

Asthma Remedy. 

Stramonium, powdered 1 ounce. 

Nitrate of Potash, powdered ]/ z " 

Lobelia, powdered % " 

Belladonna Leaves, powdered y z 

Anise Seed, powdered 2 drachms. 

The ingredients should be in fine powder and thoroughly dry 
before mixing. 

This combination is used by burning a small amount on the tin 
cover of a can or pail and inhaling the smoke. 

Asthma Remedy, Another. 

Grindelia, powdered 4 drachms. 

Jaborandi Leaves, powdered 4 

Eucalyptus, powdered 2 

Stramonium, powdered 4 

Belladonna, powdered 4 

Cubebs, powdered 4 

Saltpetre, powdered 6 

Cascarilla Bark, powdered Yz 

The ingredients should be in fine powder and thoroughly dry 
before using. 

This combination is used by burning a small amount on the tin 
cover of a can or pail and inhaling the smoke. 

BALSAMS. 

For Pulmonary Affections and Coughs of Lo?ig Standing. 

Spikenard root 2 ounces. 

Horehound tops 2 

Comfrey root 2 

Wild Cherry bark 2 

Blood root 2 

Elecampane root . 2 

Add a suitable quantity of water and boil until the strength is all 
extracted; strain and reduce the liquid, by boiling, to 2 quarts or 
less; add 2 pounds of white sugar and 2 pounds of good honey and 
again boil down to 2 quarts. Let the mixture stand for twenty-four 
hours in order that it may settle, add 1 gill of spirits and bottle for 
use. 

Dose. — A wineglassful three or four times a day. 



640 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Pulmonary Affections. 

Balsam Tolu 2 ounces. 

Balsam Fir 2 " 

Opium 2 drachms. 

Dissolve all in 1 quart of Alcohol. 

Dose. — A teaspoonful occasionally. 

BATHS— HOT OR COLD ? 

We understand that "ice to the head," cold baths and even 
ice packs, have been recommended and used so long that the 
public has become more or less familiar with this form of treat- 
ment; yet we are prepared to state from actual experience that 
this is not only an unpleasant, and sometimes a dangerous form of 
treatment, but that it is entirely unnecessary. Warm packs and 
warm baths will accomplish all that is claimed for cold packs and 
baths, and are much more agreeable to the patient. 

The cold application causes the vessels on the surface to con- 
tract and forces the blood to the internal organs, causing conges- 
tion and checking elimination. This is the very condition to be 
avoided. True, the cold is a stimulant after recovery from the 
first effects, or shock, and this aids the patient in overcoming 
what would otherwise be an increase of the trouble. Warm baths 
and warm packs cause the vessels near the surface of the body to 
dilate, thus bringing more blood to the surface, relieving the 
congestion and aiding in elimination. The first effects of a warm 
bath will not lower the temperature on the surface, but will lower 
it in the internal organs, relieving the liver, kidneys, stomach, 
lungs, heart and brain. The warm bath hastens' resolution by 
producing the natural condition. A warm bath will also pro- 
duce free perspiration, and for these reasons a warm bath 
will lower the temperature in a fevered patient sooner than a cold 
bath, and is why hot applications are so valuable in capillary 
bronchitis and cerebro-spinal meningitis, as mentioned under 
those heads. 

It is well known that cold is especially dangerous to the 
young. Happily there are but few who apply cold to children 
and babies, yet the principle is the same whether applied to child 
or adult. The only reason the adult can sustain the shock is by 
reason of his greater vitality. 

Someone says a hot bath is weakening. So is the disease. 
Fever may be caused by sunstroke, apoplexy, or some other con- 
dition or shock which paralyzes the nerves governing the size of 
the blood vessels, but, barring these, fever is the result of poison 
in the system. Apply a hot bath, sweat the patient, eliminate 
the poison, and note the improvement which is sure to follow. 
As already stated, we are in a position to advise from actual expe- 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 641 

rience, and therefore wish to emphasize the statement that we 
know of no condition where a hot bath is not superior to a cold one. 

In all forms of congestion or inflammation, whether in the 
digestive tract, lungs, liver or kidneys, a hot bath is more bene- 
ficial than a cold one. The bath improves the circulation, aids 
a sluggish liver, prevents congestion of the kidneys and relieves 
a clouded brain. 

Beef Tea.— Take 1 pound of nice lean beef, cut fine, place in 
a clean basin or spider, add 1 pint of cold water and let stand for 
two hours, then place it over the fire and allow it to simmer for 
one hour. Now place in a coarse strainer, press out all the liquid 
and season to suit the taste. 

This is a convenient way of making beef tea. It is always 
fresh, and is much more valuable than the expensive extracts of 
beef sold on the market. 

Blackberry Cordial for Bowel Complaints. — The berries 

should be fully ripe before they are gathered. Mash them and 

let the juice and pomace remain together for eight or ten hours. 

Then add to 1 gallon of juice the following: 

I/J^f Sugar 2 pounds. 

Cinnamon , finely pulverized x / 2 ounce. 

Nutmeg, finely pulverized y 2 " 

Allspice, powdered 2 " 

A few ounces of crushed raisins may be added if desired. 
Boil the mixture gently for 15 minutes, and when cold add y 2 
pint of Brandy or the best Rye Whiskey, then put into bottles 
with the corks cut off even with the top, and cover with wax 
or pitch of any sort to exclude the air. It is always better to 
store such cordial in small bottles, as half -pint size, because the 
contents of a small bottle can be used up before it will spoil; 
whereas, if a large bottle is opened and the cordial is not used in 
a few days, it is liable to lose the excellence of its flavor. 

This cordial will be found highly beneficial in the bowel com- 
plaints of grown persons as well as children. It may be used 
freely, or in quantities to meet the requirements of the case. It 
is well to guard against constipation, however, by not continuing 
its use too long after the trouble has been corrected. 

BLOOD PURIFIERS 

For Alterative and Blood Purifier. 

Sarsaparilla, Fluid Extract of 4 ounces. 

Stillingia, Fluid Extract of 4 " 

Burdock, Fluid Extract of 4 " 

Poke Root, Fluid Extract of 4 " 

Prickly Ash, Tincture of 2 " 

Mix together. 

Dose. — 1 teaspoon ful three or four times a day. 

41 



642 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Impurity of the Bloody Venereal, Scrofulous and Skin Diseases , 
Ulcers, etc. 

Honduras or Jamaica Sarsaparilla, sliced.. 6 ounces. 

Guaiac wood, rasped 3 " 

Sassafras bark 2 " 

Elder flowers 2 " 

Burdock root or seed 3 " 

Yellow Dock, bruised 3 " 

To the above articles add dilute Alcohol or common spirits suffi- 
cient to immerse them. Digest with a moderate heat for one week, 
filter the liquor and set it aside. Add y 2 gallon of pure soft water 
and boil gently to 1 quart. Mix the liquor and the decoction 
together, and boil again till 1 quart remains; then add 2 pounds of 
white or clarified sugar and simmer. Put the syrup into new or 
clean quart bottles, cork and seal tightly. 

Dose. — A wineglassful three times a day, after having cleansed 
the stomach. The decoction may be used without the addition of 
sugar. 

For Purifying the Blood. 

Syrup 1 pint. 

Alcohol 10 ounces. 

Pure Water 12 " 

Potash, Iodide of 2 ". 

Sarsaparilla Compound, Fluid Extract of.. d x / 2 " 

Dandelion, Fluid Extract of 3 " 

Senna, Fluid Extract of 3 " 

Stillingia, Fluid Extract of 3 " 

Yellow Dock, Fluid Extract of 3 ' ' 

Rhubarb, Fluid Extract of i l / 2 

Sassafras, Oil of 1 drachm. 

Anise, Oil of 1 " 

Mix together. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful three or four times a day. 

For Tubercular and Syphilitic Conditions. 

Chloride of Gold and Sodium 2 grains. 

Distilled Water 1 ounce. 

Simple Syrup 2 drachms. 

Mix, and form a solution. 

Dose. — Twelve drops three times a day. 

CASCARA CORDIAL LAXATIVE. 

Cascara Sagrada, ground 4 ounces. 

Senna Reaves, ground 2 

Licorice Root, ground 2 

Soda Sulphate of, powdered 1 

Water n 

Macerate the drugs in the water for twelve hours. Place in a 
percolator and gradually pour on the following mixture: 

Alcohol 8 ounces. 

Water 4 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 643 

After this has all drained through, add the following oils, dissolved 
in a little Alcohol. 

Cardamon, Oil of 8 drops. 

Anise, Oil of 4 " 

Orange, Oil of 4 " 

and to this mixture add: 

Granulated Sugar \y 2 pounds. 

Dissolve by shaking the bottle. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful night or morning. The dose may be 
increased or diminished. 

CATARRH REMEDIES. 

For use in an atomizer, or to snuff up the nose. 

Pilocarpine, Hydrochlorate of. 5 grains. 

Rosemary, Oil of y^ ounce. 

Cantharides, Tincture of y z " 

Glycerine 2 " 

Bay Rum 2 " 

Rose, Oil of 2 drops. 

Camphor, Spirits of, enough to make 6 ounces. 

To be snuffed up the nose several times a day. 

Hydrastine, powdered 30 grains. 

Indigo, powdered 5 " 

Camphor, powdered , 20 " 

Carbolic Acid 20 drops. 

Common Salt, very fine 1 ounce. 

Mix the Camphor and Salt, the Carbolic Acid and the Indigo, 
and then add the Hydrastine. 

To be sprayed up the nose with an atomizer. 

Menthol 5 to 10 grains. 

Eucalyptus, Oil of yi drachm. 

Alboline, liquid, add to 1 ounce. 

Use in atomizer night and morning. 

To be snuffed up the nose several times a day. 

Bismuth, Carbonate of 10 grains. 

Orris Root, powdered 3 " 

Thymol, powdered 1 " 

Milk, Sugar of 20 " 

Gum Arabic, powdered 10 

Soda, Bicarbonate of 2 " 

Quinine, Sulphate of 10 " 

Mix thoroughly. 

Dobell's Solution for Nasal Catarrh. 

Soda, Bicarbonate of 120 grains. 

Borax 120 " 

Carbolic Acid 24 drops. 

Glycerine Yz ounce. 

Water enough to make 1 pint. 

Mix all together. 

This is an excellent preparation for nasal catarrh. It should be 
sprayed up the nose with an atomizer. 



644 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Internal Treatment. 

Potash, Iodide of 3 drachms. 

Orange, Syrup of 1 ounce. 

Cardamon Compound, Tincture of 1 drachm. 

Quassia, Tincture of 1 " 

Alcohol 2 ounces. 

Water enough to make 8 " 

Mix. 

Dose. — From 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls three times a day, taken in water 
between meals. While taking this remedy local treatment should 
also be applied by using a snuff or the atomizer. 

For Chronic Catarrh of the Bladder and Chronic Mucous Discharges 
from the Vagina or Urethra. 

Buchu, Tincture of y z ounce. 

Uva Ursi, decoction of 7^ " 

Mix. 

Dose. — Half a wineglassful four times a day. 

CAUSTICS. 

Caustics are those substances which when applied to fungous 
flesh or to the skin, disorganize the same. Their operation, 
however, differs very much, according to the agents employed, 
some acting very mildly and others with great severity. They 
are derived from both the mineral and the vegetable kingdom, 
but the latter are always to be preferred when they answer the 
indication required. 

Vegetable Caustic. 

For Fistulas, Cancers, Scrofulous and Indolent Ulcers, and in all 

cases where there is proud flesh; also to excite a healthy action 

of the parts. It removes fungous flesh without exciting 

inflammation, and acts but little except on spongy or soft flesh. 

Make a strong lye of hickory or oak ashes, put it into an iron 
kettle and evaporate to the consistence of thin molasses; then 
remove into a sand-bath, and continue the evaporation to the 
consistence of honey. Keep it in a sealed glass jar. 

Wood Soot. 

Wood soot is said to be excellent to remove fungous or proud 
flesh from ulcers and wounds. 

CHILDREN'S PRESCRIPTIONS. 

For Colds and Fever in Small Children. 

Potash, Acetate of 1 drachm. 

Dilute Nitro-Muriatic Acid 40 drops . 

Aconite, Tincture of 10 " 

Nitre, Spirits of 40 " 

Henbane, Tincture of 40 " 

Glycerine 1 ounce. 

Water, add to 4 

Dose. — One teaspoonful every hour until improvement, then less 
often. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 645 

For Colds and Feve? in Small Children. 

Ipecac, Fluid Extract of 10 drops. 

Glycerine l / 2 ounce. 

Squills, Syup of 3 drachms. 

Senega, Infusion of, add to 4 ounces. 

Mix. 

Dose. — From 10 to 20 drops, taken as above. 

For Feverishness a?id Restlessness in Teething Children. 

Potash, Bicarbonate of 2 grains. 

Potash, Bromide of 2 " 

Syrup 40 drops. 

Water, add to 2 drachms. 

Dose. — From 5 to 10 drops every thirty minutes to one hour until 
quiet. 

For Children threatened with an attack of Croup or Bronchitis. 

Ipecac, Wine of 3 drachms. 

Tolu, Syrup of 5 

Gum Arabic, Mucilage of 1 ounce. 

Mix. 

Dose. — A teaspoonful every hour or two. 

Carminative Mixture for Flatulency , Wi?id Colic, etc., of Children. 

Ammonia, Aromatic Spirits of. 16 drops. 

Ginger, Tincture of l / z drachm. 

Cardamon Compound Tincture 12 drops. 

Dill Water, add to 1 ounce. 

Dose. — From ^ to 1 teaspoonful every thirty minutes, or as needed. 

Tincture for Stomach and Bowel Complaints of Children. 

Alexandria Senna 4 drachms. 

Jalap 2 " 

Fennel Seed 1 " 

Best Brandy, Proof Spirits of 1 pint. 

Let it stand for one week and strain. 

Dose.— One teaspoonful or more to keep the bowels regular. 

For Cough Medicine for Small Children. 

Ammonia, Carbonate of 30 grains. 

Ipecac, Fluid Extract of y 2 drachm. 

Licorice, Syrup of 3 " 

Glycerine 2 " 

Simple Elixir, add to 4 " 

Mix. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 

For Cough Medicine for Children. 

Ipecac, Fluid Extract of y z drachm. 

Liquor Ammonia Acetatus 1 ounce. 

Potash, Bicarbonate of 1 drachm. 

Tolu, Syrup of 1 ounce. 

Water, add to 2 ounces. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 



646 FA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

For Cough Medicine fo? Small Children. 

Chloroform, Spirits of i l / z drachms. 

Paregoric 3 " 

Ipecac, Fluid Extract of y z " 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Water, add to 6 u 

Mix. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. Eacn teaspoonful contains 5 
drops of Paregoric therefore is not recommended for infants or very 
young children. 

Fof Whooping Cough. 

Potash, Bromide of 1 drachm. 

Carbolic Acid 16 drops. 

Belladonna, Tincture of 1 drachm. 

Ipecac, Fluid Extract of yi " 

Tolu, Syrup of 1 ounce. 

Water, add to 4 ounces. 

Mix. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 

For Whooping Cough. 

Carbolic Acid 15 drops. 

Belladonna, Tincture of 40 " 

Ipecac, Fluid Extract of l / 2 drachm. 

Glycerine 4 " 

Water, add to 3 ounces. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 

For Baby Powder. 

Zinc, Oxide of , 2 ounces. 

Lycopodium 2 " 

Mix thoroughly by passing several times through a fine sieve. 

For Baby Powder. 

Boric Acid ... 1% ounces. 

Starch, 2% 

French Chalk, powdered. \ l / 2 pounds. 

Rose Geranium, Oil of 1 drachm. 

Mix together. 

Soothing Syrup without Opium. 

Syrup I ounce. 

Deodorized Alcohol 2 " 

Anise, OU of 8 drops. 

Caraway, Oil of 5 " 

Potash, Bromide of 2 grains. 

Water I ounce. 

Dissolve the oils in the Alcohol, dissolve the Bromide of Potash 
in the water, add all to the Syrup and mix all together. 
Dose. — From 5 to 15 drops, according to age. 






MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 647 

Infantas Cordial. 

Sassafras Bark 2 ounces. 

Caraway Seed 2 drachms. 

Coriander Seed 2 " 

Anise Seed 2 " 

Water „ 8 ounces. 

Alcohol 8 " 

I^et stand several days, strain, and add of molasses 1% pints. Mix 
thoroughly. This cordial contains no Opium and is often valuable 
for restless and crying children. 

Dose. — From % to l /z teaspoonful. 

Godfrey's Cordial without Opium. 

Soda, Bromide of 24 grains. 

Soda, Bicarbonate of 15 " 

Sassafras, Oil of 1 drop. 

Anise, Oil of 2 " 

Chloroform. Spirits of y 2 drachm. 

Alcohol 1 " 

Henbane, Tincture of 1 " 

Molasses 2 ounces. 

Water, add to 4 

Dissolve the oils in the Alcohol and add the tincture of Henbane. 
Dissolve the Soda Salts in the water and mix all together. Shake the 
bottle occasionally for three or four days and carefully pour off the 
clear liquid. 

Dose. — From ^ to 1 teaspoonful. 

For Worms. 

Santonine 1 grain. 

Scammony, Compound Powder of 2j£ " 

Calomel % 

Mix all together and divide into four doses. Take one dose 
every night. 

For Worms. 

Pink Root, Fluid Extract of 1 ounce. 

Peppermint, Essence of 1% drachms. 

Water 1 ounce. 

Syrup 1% ounces. 

Alcohol Yz ounce. 

Wormseed, Oil of 8 drops. 

Add the- Pink Root, Peppermint and Wormseed to the Syrup; 
next add the Alcohol, shake thoroughly and add the water. 
Dose. — From 10 drops to 1 teaspoonful. 

For Worms. 

Spigelia (Pink Root), Fluid Extract of.... 1 ounce. 

Senna, Fiuid Extract of 5 drachms. 

Anise, Oil of 2 drops. 

Caraway, Oil of 2 " 

Syrup 1% ounces. 

Dose. — One or more teaspoonfuls. 



648 FAVORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

COLDS AND COUGHS. 

Hamburg's Breast Tea for Colds in the Chest. 

Marshmallow Root, cut fine 2 ounces. 

Licorice Root, cut fine 6 drachms. 

Orris Root, ground 2 " 

Colt's Foot Leaves, bruised 1 ounce. 

Mullein Flowers, bruised J^ " 

White Poppy Capsules, bruised 2 drachms. 

Star Anise Seed, bruised y z ounce. 

Mix all together and use by putting a teaspoonful or two into a 
glass of boiling water. Let stand until cool. Carefully pour off the 
water and drink it. 

For Coughs. 

Ipecac, Fluid Extract of y z ounce. 

Chloroform l / 8 

Pinus Canadensis, Tincture of 2 4 ' 

Water 7 

Sugar 14 " 

Magnesia, Carbonate of x / z " 

Gelsemium, Tincture of % " 

Mix all together, and filter or strain if necessary. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful every few hours as needed. 

For Coughs. 

Lemon, Syrup of y z ounce. 

Ipecac, Fluid Extract of 20 drops 

Glycerine l / 2 ounce. 

Codeine 4 grains. 

Water, add to 2 ounces. 

Mix together. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 

For Coughs. 

Squills, Syrup of 2 ounces. 

Tolu, Syrup of 2 " 

Ipecac, Syrup of 2 

Paregoric 2 " 

Chlorodyne 1 drachm. 

Ammonia, Muriate of 2 " 

Add the Chlorodyne to the syrups, dissolve the Muriate of Ammo- 
nia in as little water as possible, and mix all together. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 

For Coughs. 

Codeine, Sulphate of '. 4 grains. 

Ammonia, Chloride of 2 drachms. 

Ipecac, Fluid Extract of 2 

Nitre, Spirits of 2 " 

Squills, Syrup of 2 " 

Wild Cherry, Syrup of... 4 ounces. 

Mix all together. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 649 

CORN REMEDIES. 

To Relieve the Pain of. 

Sugar of Lead, powdered 1 drachm. 

Myrrh, powdered 1 " 

Camphor, powdered 1 " 

Litharge, powdered 1 " 

Sweet Oil sufficient quantity. 

Saxoline- ' " 

Make the powders into a stiff paste with Sweet Oil, then add Saxo- 
line to bring to the consistency of an ointment. It is stated that 
this application gives almost instant relief. 

To Remove. 

Salicylic Acid 80 grains. 

Indian Hemp, Extract of 40 " 

Iodine Crystals 6 " 

Sulphuric Ether 2 ounces. 

Mix together by shaking the bottle. Paint a little on the corn 
and allow it to dry. Repeat the application for three successive 
days, then wait a few days until the corn loosens, when it may be 
readily removed. 

DROPS. 

Cholera Drops— for Cholera and Diarrhea. 

Opium, Tincture of 1 ounce. 

Camphor, Tincture of 1 ' 

Peppermint, Essence of 1 <; 

Capsicum, Tincture of 1 <! 

Mix, and take x / z teaspoonful in a little sweetened water, to 
be repeated according to the urgency of the symptoms. 

Cough Drops — For Coughs, and Pains in the Breast. 

Gum Guaiac 1 drachm. 

Gum Camphor 1 scruple. 

Castile Soap 12 grains. 

Laudanum 20 drops. 

Alcohol 1 ounce. 

Balsam of Peru 12 drops. 

Mix all together. 

Dose. — Fifteen drops three times a day on a piece of loaf sugar. 

Carminative Drops — For Flatulency, Wind Colic, Hysteria and 
Nervous Affections. 

Angelica 4 ounces. 

Ladies' Slipper 2 

Sweet Flag y z 

Anise 1 

Dill 1 

Fennel Seed 1 

Catnip Flowers or Leaves 2 

Motherwort 2 

Pleurisy Root 4 " 

Put the whole into 2 quarts of Brandy and digest for forty-eight 
hours; then press out and strain the liquid, and add to it l / 2 pound 
of loaf sugar; when dissolved bottle it for use. 






650 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Dose. — For children, from 10 drops to a teaspoonful, according 
to age; for adults, from 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls in a cup of warm tea. 
The dose may be repeated once in four to six hours. 

DYSPEPSIA OR INDIGESTION. 
Wheat Bran for Indigestion.— One of the best remedies 
for indigestion, and a very simple one, is to add a tablespoonful 
of common wheat bran to a glass of hot water and drink it the 
first thing in the morning. 

For Dyspepsia. 

Bismuth, Subnitrate of \]/ 2 drachms. 

Soda, Bicarbonate of 2 

Calcined Magnesia, heavy ^ 

Rhubarb powdered y 2 

Ammonia, Aromatic Spirits of 2 

Peppermint, Essence of y 2 

Dilute Hydrochloric Acid 10 drops. 

Water, add to 6 ounces. 

Mix all together. Shake before using. 

Dose. — From 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls taken after meals. Smaller 
doses may also be taken between meals, if necessary. 

For Indigestion with Nausea and Vomiting. 

Carbolic Acid 4 drops. 

Bismuth, Subnitrate of iy 2 drachms. 

Scale Pepsin (1 to 3000) - 1 " 

Gum Arabic, powdered 1 " 

Glycerine 1 ounce. 

Cinnamon Water, enough to make 2 " 

Mix together. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful after meals. Take a small dose between 
meals if needed. Shake the bottle before taking. 

For Indigestion. 

Scale Pepsin ( 1 to 3000) 2 drachms. 

Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid, pure y 2 " 

Glycerine 2 ounces. 

Fowler's Solution 2 drachms. 

Simple Elixir, enough to make 4 ounces. 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful after meals. 

For Dyspepsia with Flatulency, or Wind on the Stomach. 

Magnesia, Sulphate of 2 drachms. 

Potash Bicarbonate of 1%, " 

Chloroform, Spirits of 1 " 

Nux Vomica, Tincture of 1 " 

Capsicum, Tincture of 15 drops. 

Gentian Compound, Infusion of, add to... 6 ounces. 

Mix and take 1 teaspoonful after meals. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 651 

For Indigestion with Pain. 

Scale Pepsin ( 1 to 3000) 2 drachms. 

Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid, pure y z ' 

Bismuth, Subnitrate of 6 ' 

Fowler's Solution 2 " 

Cascara, Aromatic 4 ' 

Glycerine iy 2 ounces . 

Simple Elixir, enough to make 4 " 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful at meal times. Shake the bottle 
before taking. 

EFFERVESCING DRINKS. 

Effervescing Citrate of Magnesia. 

Magnesia, Carbonate of 200 grains. 

Citric Acid 400 " 

Water 10 ounces 

Add all together in a porcelain basin. When effervescing ceases, 
add the following: 

Citric Acid, Syrup of 2 ounces. 

Potash, Bicarbonate of 30 grains. 

Drink while effervescing. This preparation is useful as an active 
cathartic, is pleasant to the taste and perfectly harmless in its 
effects. 

If it is desired to keep this preparation, or to make more than the 
amount given, make as above, and add all to 12 ounce bottles except 
the Bicarbonate of Potash. Secure tightly fitting corks and a piece 
of strong cord, and to each bottle add 30 grains of Bicarbonate of 
Potash. Cork immediately, securing the corks with the cord to pre- 
vent their being driven out by the gas. 

For Fever Patients, or for Summer Use. — To make an effer- 
vescing drink for persons suffering with fever, who always 
desire an abundance of cooling drinks, or for common summer 
use, take the carefully expressed and well strained juice of 
Raspberries, Strawberries, Currants or other small fruits, 1 
quart, and boil it into a syrup with 1 pound of pulverized 
loaf sugar; to this add i T A ounces of Tartaric Acid, and when 
cold put into a bottle and keep well corked. When required 
for use, fill a half pint tumbler three-fourths full of cold water 
and add 2 tablespoonfuls of the syrup. Then stir in briskly a 
small teaspoonful of Bicarbonate of, Soda and a very delicious 
drink will be formed; drink while effervescing. The color may 
be improved by adding a very small portion of Cochineal to the 
syrup at the time of boiling. 

The same may be done by taking 2 or 3 oranges, or lemons, if 
their flavors are preferred or if at seasons of the year when there 
are no small fruits. Take 3 oranges, or lemons, pare with a 
sharp knife and slice into water, 1 pint. Add sugar, 1 pound, 
and boil into a syrup as above-. Strain and use in the same way. 



652 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Root Beer. 

Sarsaparilla 1 pound. 

Spice Wood % " 

Guaiacum Chips y z " 

Birch Bark % * 

Ginger % ounce. 

Sassafras 2 " 

Prickly Ash Bark X " 

Hops % 

Boil for twelve hours over a moderate fire with sufficient water so 
that the remainder shall measure 3 gallons, to which add 

Ginger, Tincture of 4 ounces. 

Wintergreen, Oil of % " 

Alcohol - 1 pint. 

This prevents fermentation. 

EYES, INFLAflED, REMEDIES FOR. 

Eye Salve. 

Mercury, Yellow Oxide of 5 grains. 

ZinCj Oxide of 3 " 

Vaseline y 2 ounce. 

Mix intimately and apply to the eyelids. 

Eye Water. 

White Vitriol.... 2 grains. 

Alum 1 " 

Common Table Salt, fine 3 " 

Water , 1 ounce. 

Mix together and drop in the eye several times a day. 

Fomentation for Application to Inflamed Eyes. 

Take White Poppy heads or Henbane leaves, simmer them in 
water and spirits and apply. 

Lime in the Eye — Rem,edy. 

Quite often Lime gets into the eye of those who are working 
with it. As soon as possible, drop in water made very sweet 
with sugar. 

FOMENTATIONS. 

Fomentation to relieve pain and reduce inflammation resulting from 
contusions, sprai?is y dislocations and other causes. Usually 
employed in inflammation of the bowels. Beneficial in almost 
every species of i?iflammation. 

Hops 3 ounces. 

Double Tansy 3 

Wormwood 3 

Horehound 3 

Catnip 3 " 

Put into a small sack, large enough to cover the part, place in a 
kettle or pan on the stove, pour on water and boil to a strong decoc- 
tion. Wring out the sack and apply hot. When cool, again dip 
it into the decoction, wring out and apply as before. 






MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 65, 

Poppy Fomentation for allaying pain. 

Take White Poppy heads, or the flowers, a suitable quantity, add 
equal quantities of vinegar and water and simmer for a few minutes. 
Apply as above. 

GARGLES. 
For Sore Throat. 

Sage Tea, strong ..... y 2 pint. 

Honey, strained 2 tablespoonfuls. 

Salt 2 

Vinegar 2 " 

Mix, strain and bottle for use, gargling from four to a dozen 
times daily, according to the severity of the case. 

This is one of the very best gargles in use. 

Gargle for Ulcerated Throat of long standing. 

Sumach Berries 1 ounce. 

Goldenseal 1 

Water 1 pint. 

Boil to make a decoction, strain, and add one drachm of pulverized 
Alum to every pint. 

HEADACHE REMEDIES. 

Capsules for. 

Caffeine 60 grains. 

Phenacetine 1 20 " 

Soda, Bicarbonate of 400 " 

Willow Charcoal 120 " 

Mix and make into No. 2 capsules. Take one every hour until 
improvement. 

Powders for. 

Acetanilid 30 grains. 

Caffeine 5 " 

Soda, Bicarbonate of 30 " 

Mix and divide into 10 powders. Take one every hour until 
improvement. 

Powders for. 

Soda, Bicarbonate of 10 grains. 

Caffeine 5 " 

Acetanilid 30 " 

Soda, Salicylate of 20 " 

Mix and divide into 10 powders. Take one every hour until 
improvement. 

Effervescing Citrate of Caffeine for Headaches. 

Caffeine, Citrate of 2 drachms. 

Soda, Bicarbonate of 23 

Tartaric Acid 12 " 

Citric Acid 8 

Granulated Sugar 5 

The ingredients should be finely powdered and thoroughly mixed. 
Dose. — One teaspoonful. 



654 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

KIDNEY REMEDIES. 

A Kidney "Cure." 

Buchu, Fluid Extract of 2 ounces. 

Pareira Brava , Fluid Extract of 1 " 

Stone Root, Fluid Extract of 1 " 

Potash, Acetate of 1 " 

Holland Gin, best 8 

Simple Elixir, add to 1 pint. 

Mix all together, and take 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls three or four times 
a day. 

Diuretic Mixture to Increase the Action of the Kidneys. 

Potash, Acetate of 2 drachms. 

Nitre, Spirits of 3 " 

Juniper, Spirits of 3 " 

Squills, Acetate of 2 " 

Digitalis, Tincture of 1 " 

Water, add to 6 ounces. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful every two hours, more or less often, 
according to the urgency of the case. 

Decoction for Gravel, Dropsy, etc. 

Queen of the Meadow 2 ounces. 

Milkweed 2 

Juniper Berries 2 

Dwarf Elder 2 

Spearmint 2 

Wild Carrot Seed 2 

Put all into a mortar and bruise. Make a strong decoction. 
Dose. — Half a pint to be taken often through the day. 

Pills for Dropsy. 

Jalap, pulverized 1 scruple. 

Scammony 1 " 

Gamboge „. 1 " 

Add mucilage of Gum Arabic sufficient to form into 16 pills. 

Dose. — One every hour or two. 

Note. — This pill has cured cases of dropsy, and may be given 
when other means fail. 

Pills for Gravel. 

Soda, Carbonate of 2 drachms. 

Castile Soap 2 " 

Juniper, Oil of, sufficient quantity 

Form a mass and divide into 60 pills. 
Dose. — Three pills three or four times a day. 

LAXOL. 

This is a preparation of pure Castor Oil with a little flavoring 
to disguise the taste. It is an elegant preparation, can be taken 
without any inconvenience and never causes nausea, but on the 
other hand may be taken in cases of biliousness and other 
derangements of the digestive organs. It is a proprietary 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 655 

preparation, put up in small bottles which sell for 25 cents each. 

The Castor Oil contains a little Saccharine - the sweet principle 

of sugar — and a trace of Cinnamon Oil. We have never made 

this preparation, but the following amounts of Saccharine and 

oils will be found nearly correct. More or less may be added as 

desired: 

Castor Oil 8 ounces. 

Saccharine % grain. 

Cinnamon, Oil of 1 or 2 drops. 

Dose. — The dose is the same as of the ordinary Castor Oil — from a 
teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. If the spoon is first dipped in milk, 
the oil will not stick to it. 

LIME WATER, TO MAKE. 

Get a hard piece of lime, of the kind that plasterers use, 
about half as large as a hen's egg. Put it into a porcelain or 
granite-lined basin and add a little water. After a few minutes 
the lime will begin to crack open. Now add a little more water, 
and after the lime falls to pieces add as much water as desired, 
say 1 pint. Stir well, allow the lime to settle, then pour off the 
clear water. The object of this is to get rid of any impurities 
that might be contained in the lime. Now add another pint of 
water, stir as before and allow it to settle. Repeat the stirring 
once or twice and it will be ready for use. Only a very small 
percentage of the lime is taken up by the water. The balance 
remains at the bottom. In using, pour off carefully and avoid 
stirring up the sediment. 

It will be noticed that fresh Lime Water is advised. The 
reason for this is that Lime Water does not keep long. The 
oxygen of the air unites with the lime, forming Oxide of Lime. 
Oxide of Lime is insoluble and settles to the bottom, and the 
water continues to absorb impurities from the air, soon becoming 
unfit for use. Again, there is more or less decomposition of the 
vegetable products which are nearly always present to a greater 
or less extent. If kept in a tightly covered fruit can or in a 
tightly corked bottle, it will, of course, keep longer; but even 
then frequent exposure, as in preparing a baby's food, will 
sooner or later bring about the results mentioned. 

Those using Lime Water should obtain from a druggist a 
few strips of red litmus paper and make frequent tests of the 
water to see that no change has taken place. To do this, simply 
dip one of the strips of paper into the water, and if the red color 
is immediately changed to a deep blue, it is evidence that the 
water is all right; if this change does not take place, the 
preparation should be thrown away. 



656 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

LINIMENTS. 

British Oil, for general use. 

Turpentine, Oil of 4 ounces. 

Linseed or Flaxseed, Oil of 4 " 

Amber, Oil of 2 4< 

Juniper, Oil of 2 drachms. 

Petroleum \y z ounces. 

Senega Oil y 2 ounce. 

Put all together into a bottle and shake thoroughly. This direction is 
applicable in the preparation of any liniment. 

Brown's Liniment, for general purposes. 

Gum Camphor % ounce. 

Alcohol 4 " 

Linseed Oil 4 " 

Turpentine, Spirits of 4 " 

Aqua Ammonia 4 " 

Capsicum, Tincture of 4 

Origanum, Oil of 4 " 

Very valuable. 

Camphorated Oil, for Counter-irritant Purposes. 

Olive Oil. 1 pint. 

Camphor 2 ounces. 

Mix, and dissolve by gentle heat. 

In chronic rheumatism, sore throat, inflammation of the lungs, 
etc., this will be found a very powerful counter-irritant, or external 
stimulant, drawing the blood to the surface, and may be used over 
the chest in acute colds and in all other conditions where a counter- 
irritant is needed. 

Camphor Liniment, for Whooping Cough, Bronchial Affec- 
tions, etc. 

Camphor, Spirits of 2 ounces. 

Laudanum y z " 

Turpentine, Spirits of 1 " 

Castile Soap, in powder % " 

Alcohol 3 " 

Set in a warm place for two or three days, and then if the soap is 
not all dissolved, strain it. 

In bad cases of whooping cough, and for chronic bronchial affec- 
tions, it may be applied warm to the throat chest and spine. 

Cram's Fluid Lightning Liniment. 

Mustard, Essential Oil of 1 drachm. 

Cajeput, Oil of 1 " 

Cloves, Oil of 1 

Sassafras, Oil of 1 " 

Ether % ounce. 

Opium, Tincture of 6 drachms. 

Alcohol 10 ounces. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 657 

Giles* Iodide of Ammonia Liniment. 

Iodide Crystals 30 grains. 

Camphor Gum % ounce. 

Rosemary, Oil of X " 

Lavender, Oil of % " 

Ammonia, Water of 2 

Alcohol 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iodine in the Alcohol, add the Camphor Gum, then 
the oils, then add the Water of Ammonia. 

Lethian Liniment, to relieve pain in swellings, rheumatism, 

bruises ', pains, sore throat, etc. 

Turpentine Soap 1 ounce. 

Gum Camphor 1 " 

Alcohol 1 quart. 

Put into a jug or bottle and stand in the hot sun, or a warm 
place, for two weeks, then add 

Chloroform 2 drachms. 

Shake often while cooling. Bottle. 

JSiote. — If there is any difficulty in getting Turpentine Soap, take 
nice, white bar soap and add Oil of Turpentine, 1 ounce, with 
Camphor as above. 

Soap Liniment, for the same uses as the Lethian Liniment 
above. 

White Bar Soap 2 ounces. 

Camphor Gum 1 " 

Rosemary, Oil of 3 drachms. 

Origanum, Oil of 2 " 

Aqua Ammonia (3 F's strong) 1 ounce. 

Alcohol 1% pints. 

Shave the soap fine and put into the Alcohol and keep in a warm 
place until the soap is dissolved, then add the other articles and put 
into wide-mouthed bottles. It cools to a soapy, half solid mass. 

Stimulating Liniment, for external or internal use. 

Alcohol 1 pint. 

Origanum, Oil of 1 ounce. 

Wormwood, Oil of 1 " 

Camphor Gum 1 " 

Cayenne, powdered 1 " 

Aqua Ammonia 4 ounces. 

Mix, cork, and shake daily for a week. 

Dose. — Taken internally, the dose for an adult is from 10 to 30 
drops, according to the severity of the pain. 

Scarret's Liniment or Black Oil, for Fistula, etc. 

Currier's Oil 5 ounces. 

Oil of Spike 3 

Vitriol, Oil of (Sulphuric Acid) 2 

Directions. — This liniment will be of a dark or black color. An 
old pitcher is a good thing to mix the ingredients in, so that it can 
be poured into a bottle handily after mixing. First put in the Cur- 
rier's Oil and Oil of Spike together, then from time to time put 

42 



658 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

in a little only of the Oil of Vitriol; if all is put in at once it may 
foam over, or may break the pitcher or bottle in which it is made. 

To apply to a fistula, dip a piece of cotton into the liniment and 
press it into the opening. This treatment should be repeated night 
and morning. 

Stoke's Liniment, for general use. 

Turpentine, Oil of iy ounces. 

Acetic Acid \y 2 " 

Yolk of one Egg. 

Lemon, Oil of 20 drops. 

Rosewater, add to ^. 8 ounces. 

White Liniment, thick, for general use. 

Sweet Oil 2 ounces. 

Aqua Ammonia 1 " 

Turpentine, Spirits of % " 

Camphor, Spirits of % " 

For Inflammatory Rheumatism, Gout, Quinsy, White Swelling, 
Inflamed Breasts, etc. 

Hemlock, Oil of 1 ounce. 

Gum Camphor y z " 

GumOpium y 2 " 

Alcohol 1 quart. 

For Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Sprains, etc. 

Sassafras Oil 2 drachms. 

Hemlock Oil 1 

Red Cedar Oil 1 

Turpentine Oil 1 " 

Gum Camphor 1 " 

Capsicum, pulverized 1 <: 

Alcohol 1 pint. 

Mix. put all into a jug, and keep warm for five or six days, 
frequently shaking it until dissolved; then strain. 

Bathe parts often and rub well in with tjie hand. 

lor Diseases of the Throat and Tonsils. 

Castile Soap % ounce. 

Sassafras, Oil of 1 " 

Camphor y 2 

Hartshorn, Spirits of 1 " 

Alcohol, enough to make 8 " 

fror Inflammatory Stiff Necks and Sore Throats. 

Laudanum 1 drachm. 

Camphor Gum 1 " 

Castile Soap, scraped fine 1 " 

Alcohol 4 ounces. 

Put all together into a bottle and shake occasionally until dis- 
solved. 



MISCBLLANBOUS MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 659 

For Chronic and Deep- Seated Pains, Acute Colds or Inflammation 
of the Lungs. 

Turpentine, Spirits of 1 ounce. 

CrotonOil y z 

Olive Oil 1 " 

A powerful counter-irritant. May blister. 

For White and Glandular Swellings. 

Henbane, Extract of y 2 drachm. 

White Soap 2 " 

Linseed Oil 6 ounces. 

LIVER HEDICINES. 

For Liver Stimulant. 

Dilute Nitrohydrochloric Acid 2 drachms. 

Dandelion, Fluid Extract of l / z ounce. 

Nux Vomica, Tincture of 2 drachms. 

Nitre, Spirits of 2 " 

Senna, Tincture of 1 ounce. 

Gentian Compound, Infusion of, add to... 8 " 

Mix all together. 

Dose. — One tablespoonful four times a day, or oftener if neces- 
sary. 

For Liver Stimulant. 

Dilute Nitrohydrochloric Acid 1 x / 2 drachms. 

Podophyllin (Mandrake), Tincture of 80 drops. 

Dandelion, Fluid Extract of 1 ounce. 

Nux Vomica, Tincture of 80 drops. 

Ginger, Syrup of 1 ounce. 

Chloroform Water, add to 8 

Mix all together. 

Dose. — From 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls three times a day. 

For Liver Invigorator. 

Senna, powdered 4 ounces. 

Mandrake, powdered 1 ' 

Rhubarb, powdered 1 " 

Jalap, powdered 1 '' 

Cloves, powdered 2 drachms. 

Peppermint, Oil of l / z 

Alcohol 2 pints. 

Water 1 

Place the drugs in a bottle, mix the Alcohol and water and pour 
on. Let stand for ten days, shaking frequently, then strain or filter 
the liquid and add 1 pound of sugar. Dissolve without heat. More 
or less sugar may be added as desired. 

Dose. — Teaspoonful, more or less, four times a day. 

MILK OR WATER, BOILED. 

During the past few years public opinion has been led to 
believe that boiled or scalded milk and boiled water are better 
than milk or water that has not been boiled. This applies 



660 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

especially to the feeding of infants and invalids. Such teaching 
is the result of certain theories that have evolved from what is 
often called " laboratory science," so-called because they are 
worked out in some laboratory with the aid of a test tube, micro- 
scope, etc. At the present time this theory is being opposed by 
many able men, as well as many noted physicians. The latter 
now claim that boiling milk not only renders it less valuable to 
the system, but that it is one of the great causes of scrofula and 
other diseases of a like nature. We deem it but fair to state both 
sides of the question, and those who then wish to boil the water 
and boil or sterilize the milk may do so. Personally, we believe 
that boiling milk interferes with its digestion, absorption and 
assimilation. We believe this because Nature designed milk to 
be drank in its natural state, and no amount of boiling or other 
artificial work can improve on Nature. Again, the fact that 
most people dislike boiled milk is strong evidence that boiling is 
a detriment and not a benefit. 

In regard to boiling water, it should be remembered that boil- 
ing does not remove poisonous nor foreign matter of any kind. On 
the contrary, boiling will hasten decomposition of any and all 
organic matter, animal or vegetable. During the process of 
decomposition there are many poisonous gases and many other 
poisonous substances produced, and these taken into the system 
only add to the danger. Many suppose that pure water may be 
obtained by melting ice. This is not true. Every one has seen 
pebbles, leaves, twigs from the branches of trees and many other 
substances in ice. In like manner other kinds of foreign matter 
and filth of all kinds may be and undoubtedly are often present. 
When the ice melts, the foreign matter begins to decompose. 
Boil the water and you will hasten decomposition, as stated. 

NEURALGIA REMEDIES. 

For many years the following formulae of Dr. Brown-Sequard 
and Dr. Gross have been famous in the treatment of neuralgia. 
They are relied upon by many physicians in treating this 
troublesome disease, and especially if the case is severe: 

Brown-Sequard's Neuralgic Pills. 

Each pill contains the following: 

Hyoscyamus, Extract of % grain. 

Conium, Extract of % 

Ignatia, Extract of l /z 

Opium, Extract of x /t 

Aconite Leaves, Extract of yi 

Stramonium, Extract of \ 

Indian Hemp, Extract of % 

Belladonna, Alcoholic Extract of j- 

Dose.— One every three or four hours until improvement. 



MISCBLLANBOUS MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 66 1 

Gross' Neuralgic Pills. 

Each pill contains the following: 

Quinine, Sulphate of 2 grains. 

Morphine, Sulphate of jfo 

Strychnine, Sulphate of sV " 

Arsenious Acid s^ 

Aconite Leaves, Extract of ]/ 2 " 

Dose. — One every three or four hours until improvement. 

Neuralgia Liniment. 

Alcohol y 2 ounce. 

Turpentine, Spirits of % " 

Sulphuric Ether % 

Laudanum y 2 " 

Camphor Gum }4 " 

Cloves, Oil of )i 

Lavender, Oil of % " 

Mix, and keep corked. 

This will be found a very valuable liniment for neuralgic pains. 
If the pain is not relieved by rubbing it on, wet a piece of brown 
paper with it and hold against the affected part as long as can be 
done without blistering. For decaying and painful teeth, apply 
with lint and rub upon the gums. For internal pains, as of colic, 
pains in the stomach, etc., take from 10 to 30 drops in a little 
sweetened water, or spirits and water, according to the severity of 
the pain, and repeat in fifteen to thirty minutes if necessary, or until 
relieved. 

Ointment for Neuralgia. 

Hgg, White of 1 drachm. 

Rhigolene 4 ounces. 

Peppermint, Oil of 2 " 

Collodion 1 

Chloroform 1 " 

Shake occasionally for twenty-four hours, which will harden the 
mass so that it will retain its consistency and hold the ingredients 
intimately blended for months. 

"It will relieve facial or other neuralgia almost instantaneously." 
— Georgia Medical Companion. 

Night Sweats — To Relieve. — After agues, fevers, etc., and 
in consumption, many persons are troubled with night sweats. 
They are caused by weakness or general debility. For their 
relief take the following: 

Tansy, Essence of % ounce. 

Alcohol % 

Water % 

Quinine 15 grains. 

Muriatic Acid, pure 15 drops. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful in a gill of cold Sage tea, which should 
be taken two or three times during the day and at bedtime. The 
cold Sage tea should be used freely as a drink also until cured. 



662 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

OINTMENTS. 

Carbolic Ointment. 

Vaseline 2 ounces. 

Carbolic Acid 20 drops. 

Mix thoroughly. 

Elder Flower Ointment and Oil. — Melt lard at the lowest 
possible temperature at which it assumes the fluid form, and 
introduce into it as many Elder flowers as the melted lard will 
cover. Steep them at the above temperature for twelve hours, 
and then strain off the lard through a piece of linen without the 
least pressure. By this means an ointment will be made when 
the lard is cold that is valuable in scalds and burns, and also 
in the treatment of erysipelas, etc. The manner of making it is 
applicable to making any ointment of flowers. 

Mayer's German or Compound Lead Ointment, for 

Cuts, Wounds, Ulcers and Skin Diseases. 

Olive Oil iy z ounces. 

White Turpentine 4 drachms. 

Beeswax 2 " 

Butter, unsalted 2 " 

Honey 6 

Red Lead 1 ounce. 

Camphor, powdered 4 drachms. 

Melt the Beeswax, White Turpentine, butter and Olive Oil 
together and strain. Then heat them nearly to the boiling point 
and gradually add the Red Lead, stirring the mixture constantly 
until it becomes black, or brown, then remove from the fire, and 
when it is somewhat cool, add to it the honey and Camphor, pre- 
viously mixed together. 

The Germans call this ointment Zusammengesetzte Bleisable. 

Spermaceti Ointment, for Chabs, Chafings, Dressing 
Blisters, etc. 

Spermaceti 3 drachms. 

White Wax 1 

Olive Oil 1% ounces. 

Melt over a gentle fire and stir until cool. Applied in any of the 
above cases, and to any irritable surfaces. It is not an ointment for 
long keeping, hence is made in small quantities at a time. 

Chilbains, Ointment for. 

Compound Turpentine Liniment 3 ounces. 

Soap Liniment 3 " 

Laudanum 1 " 

Camphor Liniment 1 " 

Mix together and apply locally. 



grains. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 663 

Chilblains, Ointment for. 

Lanolin 1 ounce. 

Vaseline 2 drachms. 

Cajeput, Oil of 2 " 

BoricAcid 2 " 

Carbolic Acid 20 

Camphor 40 

Mix intimately and apply. 

For Frost Bites, Chilblains, etc. 

Henbane Leaves, fresh y 2 pound. 

Stramonium Leaves % " 

Bittersweet Leaves ^ " 

Elder Bark y 2 " 

Lard 2 " 

Mix, heat all together for two hours and strain. 

For Painful Local Affections. 

Balm-of-Gilead Buds, fresh 4 ounces. 

Henbane Leaves 1 

Poppy Petals 1 

Belladonna Leaves 1 

Bittersweet Leaves 1 

Lard 12 

Mix, and heat all together till the moisture has evaporated. 

For Herpetic Affections, or Shingles. 

Yellow Dock Roots 1 ounce. 

Scabious 1 " 

Swamp Sassafras 1 ' 

Boil down strong, add 1 pound of laid and simmer down to an 
ointment. 

For Salt Rheum and Herpetic Affections. 

White Turpentine y 2 pound. 

Butter, unsalted y, " 

Olive Oil t ounce. 

Beeswax 2 " 

Indian Turnip 1 " 

White Lily Leaves 1 " 

Plantain Leaves 1 " 

Bruise the leaves and roots and slowly simmer them in spirits in 
an earthen vessel, which should be lightly covered; then strain, 
and when nearly cold add 2 drachms of yellow Ochre. 

For Piles, Salt Rheum and Herpetic Affections. 

Tobacco, cut fine y. pound. 

Cover with spirits, and add 

Lard 1 

Simmer over a moderate fire until the herb is a little crisped, 
then remove and strain. 

Note. — One of the best pile ointments in use. 



664 FA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

For Salt Rheum and other Skin Affections, also Chronic Ophthalmia, 

Fresh Butter 3 ounces. 

White or Yellow Wax y 2 " 

Red Precipitate 2^ drachms. 

Putty, prepared, or pure Zinc pulverized.. 1 '■ 

Melt, and mix all the other articles, and then add 

Camphor, dissolved in Olive Oil 1 drachm. 

For Piles, Itch, Tetter, Salt Rheum. 

Lard or fresh Butter 1 pound. 

Sulphur 4 ounces. 

Mix together and stir till cold. 

For Scrofulous Ulcers, Scald Head, Itch. 

Tobacco, best quality 1 ounce. 

Yellow Dock 4 

Wood Soot 4 

Butter, unsal ted 4 " 

Tar 4 

Camphor, Spirits of 2 

Boil the tobacco, dock and soot in 2 gallons of water down to 1 
gallon; then strain off and boil down to 1 quart. Add the butter 
and tar, and simmer over a fire of coals down to 1^ pints; then add 
the Camphor and stir till cold. 

For Ulcers. 

Verdigris 5 drachms. 

Honey, purified 16 " 

Vinegar, strong 7 " 

Alum, burnt % " 

Mix, and melt by" gentle heat, stirring occasionally. 

For Itch. 

Sulphur, fine 1 ounce. 

Venice Turpentine 1 ' 

Lard y 2 pound. 

Melt the lard and Turpentine, then add the Sulphur and stir till 
cold. Let it be applied two or three times a day. 

For Sprains, Contusions, Dislocations, Swellings, Contracted Sinews, 
etc. 

Double Tansy 1 omice. 

Wormwood 1 " 

Horehound 1 " 

Catnip 1 

Hops 1 

Bruise these and put them into a kettle, cover over with spirits 
and lard and let stand for two weeks; then simmer awhile and 
strain. Add 1 ounce of common Turpentine to every ounce of the 
ointment. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 665 

Pile Ointment. 

Tannic Acid 20 grains. 

Bismuth, Subnitrate of 40 " 

Carbolic Acid 20 drops. 

Morphine, Sulphate of 16 grains. 

Vaseline 2 ounces. 

Apply locally. 

Pile Ointment. 

Nut Galls, powdered 80 grains. 

Opium, powdered 40 " 

Mix intimately and add enough Vaseline to make 1 ounce. 
Apply locally once or twice a day. 

Pile Ointment. — A patent was granted in 1844 (expired in 
1868) to Wm. W. Riley, of Mansfield, 0., for the cure of piles, 
as follows: 

Flour of Sulphur 2 ounces 

Nut Galls, powdered 1 " 

Opium, powdered 1 grain. 

Intimately mix with lard until the proper consistence is obtained. 

To be applied night and morning to the parts. A course of general 
treatment should be pursued that will restore general health, and 
especially overcome any tendency to constipation. 

Ointment to Drive Away Swellings, Tumors, etc. 

Bittersweet, Bark of the Root 1 ounce. 

Stramonium Leaves 1 " 

Water Hemlock Leaves 1 " 

Belladonna Leaves 1 " 

Yellow Dock Root 1 " 

Poke Root 1 " 

Venice Turpentine 1 " 

Alcohol ]/z pint. 

Water >£ 

Lard Yz pound. 

Bruise all of the roots and put into a suitable kettle for stewing; 
then put on the Alcohol and sufficient of the water to cover all of the 
articles well, and keep them moderately hot for twelve hours; then 
add the lard and increase and continue the heat until the roots and 
leaves are all crisped; then strain and add the Venice Turpentine, 
and keep it well stirred while cooling. The spirits are necessary to 
obtain all the properties of the articles. 

Apply freely to any indolent swelling of the glands, or enlarging 
tumors, two or three times daily. Cover the parts with cotton, 
keeping it in place by bandaging; or otherwise, heat it in thor- 
oughly for half an hour each time by means of a hot iron, or by the 
stove. Probably the most would be absorbed by covering it with 
the cotton and bandaging. It is reported to have cured even goiter. 



666 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Pain Killer, for Bilious Colic and other Internal Pains. 

Alcohol i pint. 

Opium 2 drachms. 

Gum Camphor y 2 ounce. 

Gum Arabic y z " 

Gum Guaiac y 2 " 

Balsam of Fir y » 

Balsam of Copaiba y 2 «■ 

Mix, and shake occasionally until all is dissolved. 
Dose. — From %. to I teaspoonful, according to the severity of the 
pain. 

Painters* or Lead Paralysis of the Wrists — to Avoid. — 
Experience has shown that what is called lead paralysis, or loss 
of motion of the wrist- joints among painters, is largely owing to 
the habit they have of washing the hands in Turpentine to 
remove the paint. This dissolves the lead, zinc, etc., allowing 
it to be more freely absorbed than would otherwise occur; there- 
fore, to avoid the paralysis, avoid the Turpentine. 

Palpitation of the Heart, Immediate and Permanent 
Relief. — Hall's Journal of Health says that a lady of forty years 
who had been troubled for twelve years with periodical palpita- 
tion of the heart, found immediate and permanent relief in the 
use of soda water sold at soda fountains. The water is better 
drank clear, or containing but very little syrup. 

Perspiration, Odor from. — This very great source of annoy- 
ance may be entirely removed as follows: 

Mix a tablespoonful of the Compound Spirits of Ammonia in 
a small basin of water. By washing the arms, arm-pits and 
hands with this solution the skin will be left wholesome. It is 
cheap and harmless, and is much preferable to the perfumes and 
unguents which disguise the odor but do not correct the 
cause. 

PILLS. 

For Dinner Pills. 

Aloes 4 ounces. 

Jalap 4 " 

Rhubarb i " 

Wormwood, Syrup of, sufficient quantity. 

Mix, and divide into 3-grain pills. 

Dose. — From 1 to 4 may be taken through the day. 

Chapman's Dinner Pills. 

Bach pill contains the following: 

Aloes iM grains. 

Mastic i l A " 

Ipecac 1 

Fennel, Oil of * l / 2 drop. 

Dose. — One pill after dinner. 

These will be found very satisfactory in many cases of constipation. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 667 

For Dyspepsia, to Give Tone to the Stomachy and Obstructed Menses. 

Socotrine Aloes 4 drachms. 

Castile Soap 2 " 

Colocynth 2 " 

Gamboge 2 " 

Gentian, Extract of 4 " 

Cloves, Oil of 2 drops. 

Mix, and form into pills of the ordinary size. 

Dose. — From 1 to 2, morning and evening, according to the way 
they operate. 

For Regulating and Strengthening the Stomach and Bowels. 

Compound Rhubarb Pill Mass x / z ounce. 

Boneset, Extract of x / 2 u 

Mandrake, pulverized % " 

Ginger, pure, pulverized fa ' 

Mix, and form into pills of the ordinary size. 

Dose. — From 1 to 2 to be taken morning and evening. 

For Constipation, Deficiency of Bile, etc. 

Inspissated Ox-Gall 1 drachm. 

Gum Ammonia 1 " 

Rhubarb, powdered 1 " 

Mix into mass and form pills of 2 grains each. 
Dose. — Five a day. 

For Liver Complaint, Jaundice and Affections of the Kidneys. 

Dandelion, Extract of 1 drachm. 

Mandrake, pulverized 1 " 

Blood Root, pulverized 1 " 

Add a few drops of essential oil (Peppermint or Spearmint), and 
form the mass into pills of the common size. 

Dose. — Take three night and morning. 

For Coughs, Colds, Bronchial Affections, etc. 

Henbane, Extract of % ounce. 

Canada Balsam y z " 

Ipecac % " 

Balm-of-Gilead Buds , Extract of % 

Mix thoroughly together, add a few drops of the Oil of Anise, 
and form into pills of the ordinary size. 

Dose.— One or 2 taken three or four times a day. 

For Painful Nervous Affections. 

Stramonium, Extract of 2 grains. 

Henbane, Extract of 6 " 

Hops, Extract of >£ drachm. 

Mix, and divide into 12 pills. 

Dose. — Give 1 every four hours, or until the pain subsides. 

For Venereal and Skin Diseases. 

Gold and Sodium , Chloride of 1 grain. 

Mezereon, Extract of 1 drachm. 

Mix, and form into 60 pills. 

Dose. — One pill a day may be given. 



668 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

PLASTERS. 

For Strengthening Plaster. 

Turpentine 4 ounces. 

Resin sufficient quantity. 

Mutton Tallow " " 

Vinegar «« " 

For Strengthening Plaster. 

Henbane, Extract of 1 ounce. 

Cicuta, Extract of 1 " 

Lead, Iodide of %. 

Warm trie extracts, then add the Lead and incorporate well 
together. Spread on a small piece of leather and apply to the parts, 
occasionally renewing it. 

For Strengthening Plaster. 

Yellow Resin 8 ounces. 

Beeswax 2 " 

Cayenne Pepper 2 " 

Spirits 1 pint. 

Simmer the pepper (enclosed in a linen bag) in the spirits and 
strain. Melt the other articles together, add the tincture, simmer 
till the spirits are nearly evaporated, remove from the fire, and when 
nearly cold add 

Gum Camphor 2 ounces. 

Oil of Sassafras 3 drachms. 

For Obstinate Ulcers. 

Tar, thick y 2 pound. 

Gum Turpentine X " 

Burgundy Pitch % " 

Beeswax % 

Melt, strain, and boil a few minutes; then remove from the fire, 
and, as it cools, stir in the following articles, finely pulverized, 
mixed and sifted, viz.: 3 ounces each of Poke Root, Mandrake, 
Blood Root and Indian Turnip. Stir it occasionally till the 
whole mass is well incorporated. 

Directions. — Spread on a piece of soft leather and place over the 
part affected. Keep it on as long as it can be borne, then remove, 
and put it on again in a day or two. If the itching proves too 
troublesome, occasionally remove the plaster and wash the parts 
with spirits. 

For Rheumatism, Cuts, Ulcers, etc. 

White Resin 12 ounces. 

Beeswax 1 

Burgundy Pitch 1 " 

Mutton Tallow 1 " 

Melt these together and add: 

Olive Oil Yt. ounce. 

Camphor x / z 

West India Rum 1 gill. 

Sassafras Oil x /z ounce. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 669 

When the latter articles have been incorporated with the former 
let the whole be poured into a vessel of water and kneaded with the 
hands until it is cold. In certain seasons and climates a little solu- 
tion of Resin or of Olive Oil is required to render it of the proper 
consistence. 

For Scrofulous, Cancerous and Hard Tumors. 

The following is a very effective extract or plaster for scrofulous 
cancerous and hard tumors. It may be rubbed upon the parts 
affected, or a plaster of it applied: 

Poke Root, Expressed Juice of l / 2 gallon. 

Gunpowder 1 gill. 

L,ard y 2 pint. 

Simmer to the consistence of honey or molasses. 

POULTICES. 

Poultices should always be applied as hot as can be borne, 
and changed often enough to maintain a uniform temperature. 

For General Inflammation , and especially of the Eyes. 

Wheat Bread, stale sufficient quantity. 

Milk or Water to moisten. 

Soak the bread a short time in the milk or water and apply. 

For Inflammation of the Eyes. 

Common Potato, boiled and mashed soft., sufficient quantity. 
Slippery Elm Bark " 

Mix, and form a poultice. 

For removing Inflammatio?i in painful diseases, such as Pleu?isy, 
Inflammatory Rheumatism, etc. 

Lobelia, in powder 4 ounces. 

Slippery Elm Bark 4 " 

Ginger 4 " 

Whiskey, or other Spirits sufficient quantity. 

Mix, and make into a poultice. 

For Ulcerated Sores and Swellings of all ki?ids. 

Garden Carrots, boiled and bruised 1 pound. 

Flour 1 ounce. 

Butter x /z ounce. 

Mix, and make into a poultice. 

For Scrofulous and Ulcerated Sores and Swellings. 

Garden Carrot Roots 1 pound. 

Wash them clean, scrape down to a pulp and apply. 

For Rheumatism, Gout, Inflammatory Diseases, Fevers, etc. 

Mustard, in powder 4 ounces. 

Soft Bread, or Indian Meal 6 

Vinegar sufficient quantity. 

Mix, and make into a poultice. 



670 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

POWDERS. 

For Heartburn. 

Quassia, pulverized >£ scruple. 

Rhubarb y 2 " 

Calcined Magnesia 1 " 

Mix, form a powder and divide it into twelve equal parts. 

Dose. — Three powders a day. 

For Hydragogue Purgative i?i Dropsy. 

Jalap, pulverized 2 drachms. 

Cream of Tartar 1 

Mix, and divide into 12 powders. 

Dose. — One powder every four hours, if needed. 

For Diarrhea. 

Rhubarb, powdered sufficient quantity. 

Place in a shallow iron dish over the fire and brown, stirring con- 
stantly to prevent scorching. 

Dose. — From 5 to 10 grains every two hours, or less often. 

For Colds, Pain in the Stomach and Bowels, and to Promote Perspi- 
ration. 

Bayberry 2 ounces. 

Ginger 1 " 

Cayenne Pepper 2 drachms. 

Cloves 2 " 

Pulverize finely and mix well. 

Dose. — One-third teaspoonful in y 2 glass of hot water every half 
hour until pain is relieved or until perspiration is produced. 

For Piles and Skin Eruptions. 

Flowers of Sulphur y 2 ounce. 

Cream of Tartar t " 

Mix with molasses. 

Dose. — A teaspoonful four or five times a day. 

RHEUMATISM AND GOUT REMEDIES. 

For Rheumatism. 

Salicylic Acid 3 drachms. 

Potash, Iodide of 160 grains. 

Potash, Bicarbonate of 2 drachms. 

Buchu, Fluid Extract of 1 ounce. 

Gelsemium, Fluid Extract of 1 drachm. 

Cimicifuga, Fluid Extract of 2 " 

Alcohol 1 ounce. 

Glycerine 3 " 

Simple Elixir, add to 8 

Mix all together and take teaspoonful every two hours until 
improvement, then less often. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 671 

Liniment for Rheumatism. 

Ammonia, Water of 2 ounces. 

Lavender, Oil of 1 drachm. 

Camphor Gum l / z ounce. 

Chloroform 1 " 

Ether % 

Turpentine, Spirits of 1 drachm. 

Alcohol 8 ounces. 

Camphorated Oil Liniment (very powerful) for Rheumatism. 

Camphorated Oil 2 ounces. 

Turpentine, Spirits of 2 " 

Laudanum 1 " 

Aqua Ammonia 1 " 

Shake well. 

This will be found valuable in rheumatic pains of the loins, or for 
any chronic form of rheumatism about the joints. 

For Rheumatism and Gout. 

Potash, Bicarbonate of 5 drachms. 

Potash, Iodide of iy z " 

Soda, Salicylate of 2^ " 

Colchicum, Wine of 4 " 

Buchu, Infusion of, add to 8 ounces. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful four to six times a day. 

Liniment for Rheumatism a?id Gout. 

Camphor Gum 2 ounces. 

Origanum, Oil of 1 " 

Hemlock, Oil of 1 " 

Sassafras, Oil of 1 " 

Cajeput, Oil of 1 " 

Turpentine, Spirits of x / 2 tl 

Chloroform y 2 " 

Ether % 

Alcohol add to 1 pint. 

For Gout. 

Soda, Salicylate of 2 drachms. 

Potash, Iodide of 2 " 

Potash, Carbonate of 2 " 

Cascara, Aromatic 2 ounces. 

Simple Elixir, add to 4 " 

Dose. — From 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls every two hours. 

For Gout. 

Potash, Bicarbonate of 2 drachms. 

Potash, Iodide of 1 

Soda, Salicylate of 1 " 

Colchicium, Wine of iy 2 

Buchu, Infusion of, add to 6 ounces. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful every two hours until improvement. 



6j 2 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

SALVES. 

Bell's Salve or Ointment, for Itch and other Skin Diseases. 

Lard ^ pound. 

Turpentine Spirits of % ounce. 

Red Precipitate y 2 " 

Rosin y z 

Corrosive Sublimate, powdered 2 grains. 

Melt and mix. 
This prescription has been successfully used for many years 
by a gentleman whose name it bears, in all eruptive diseases, 
as itch, salt rheum, etc. 

Salve for Cuts, Bruises, Boils, etc. 

Rosm 4 ounces. 

Mutton Tallow 2 drachms. 

Beeswax 1 " 

Burgundy Pitch 1 " 

Balsam of Fir 1 " 

Venice Turpentine 1 " 

Oil of Spike , 1 scruple. 

Hemlock, Oil of 1 

Cedar, Oil of 1 

Origanum, Oil of 1 " 

Wormwood, Oil of 1 " 

Laudanum 1 " 

Camphor Gum, pulverized 1 " 

The Oils, Balsam, Laudanum and Turpentine can all be put into 
one phial when purchasing. Melt the Rosin, Tallow, Beeswax and 
Pitch together. When a little cool, add the Oils, Laudanum, etc., 
stir in the pulverized Camphor and pour into cold water. By 
greasing the hands it can be pulled and worked as shoemaker's 
wax until it is all intimately mixed, when it can be rolled into suit- 
able sized sticks for use or for sale. 

For cuts, bruises, boils and all general purposes, this salve has 
no superior. It will remain upon the spot where it is placed, not 
shifting by motion nor heat of the body. 

Salve for St? engthening and Stimulating Purposes. 

In weak back, pains in the back or other parts, liver affec- 
tions, etc., where it is desirable to apply a strengthening salve, 
or plaster, as usually called, add to the above very finely pulver- 
ized Verdigris, 1 drachm, at the same time the Camphor Gum 
and Oils are being added. The Verdigris is stimulating as well 
as detergent, i. e., having a tendency to scatter or drive away 
disease from the parts. 

For Scrofulous Ulcers. 

Turpentine 2 ounces. 

Bayberry Tallow 2 ' 

Dissolve together and form into a salve. If too hard or firm, add 
1 tablespoonfnl, more or less, of Sweet Oil. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 673 

For Burns, Scrofulous, Fistulous and other Ulcers. 

Olive Oil % pint. 

Common Resin 1 drachm. 

Beeswax 1 " 

Melt these articles together, and raise the oil nearly to the 
boiling point; then gradually add of pulverized Red Lead, i l / 2 
ounces, if it is winter; if summer, about 2 ounces. In a short 
time after the lead is taken up by the oil, and the mixture becomes 
brown or of a shining black, remove from the fire, and when nearly 
cold add %. scruple of pulverized Camphor. It should remain on 
the fire until it forms a proper consistence for spreading, which may 
be known by dipping a knife into it from time to time and suffering 
it to cool. 

Heali?ig Salve. 

Take a good sized handful of Comfrey root, wash and bruise and 
stew in about 1 pint of unsalted lard until crisped; then strain and 
add pulverized gunpowder, 2 tablespoonfuls, and Spirits of Turpen- 
tine, 1 tablespoonful, stirring as it cools to keep evenly mixed. 

This makes a very valuable healing salve. The Comfrey root of 
itself, freshly dug and bruised, makes an excellent application to 
bruises, fresh wounds, sore breasts, ulcers, white swellings, etc. 

SYRUPS. 

Simple Syrup. — Simple Syrup is made by adding 2 pounds 
of granulated sugar to 1 pint of water, and dissolving by heat. 
It has been mentioned in many prescriptions given in this book. 

For Coughs and Pulmonary Affections. 

Spikenard Root 2 ounces. 

White Root 2 

Blood Root 1 

Elecampane 1 " 

Coltsfoot 1 

Boneset 1 

Poplar Bark 8 drachms. 

Senega Snake Root 4 " 

Lobelia 4 " 

Slippery Elm Bark 1 ounce. 

Proof Spirits 3 pints. 

Bruise, or pulverize all, and digest in the spirits for fourteen days; 
then strain, and add white sugar sufficient to form a syrup. 

Dose. — A dessertspoonful occasionally in a mucilage of Slippery 
Elm. 

For Epilepsy. 

Peony Root 8 ounces. 

Peruvian Bark 2 " 

Virginia Snake Root 2 " 

Boiling Water 1 quart. 

White Sugar 1^ pounds. 

Extract the strength, simmer down to 1% pints, then strain and 
add the sugar. 

Dose. — A wineglassful three or four times a day. 
43 



674 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

For Scrofulous Affections. 

Dandelion Root ]^ pound. 

Sarsaparilla Root % " 

Yellow Dock Root % 

Bittersweet, Bark of % " 

Bruise, and boil till the strength is extracted; then strain, and 
simmer down to i quart. Add sugar sufficient to prevent fermenta- 
tion. 

Dose. — A wineglassful three times a day. 

For Dysentery. 

Blackberries, Juice of 8 ounces. 

White Sugar i pound. 

Mix, simmer and strain. 

Dose. — A wineglassful four or five times a day. 

TINCTURES. 

For Rheumatism cmd other External Painful Chronic Conditions. 

Gum Guaiacum 2 drachms. 

Nitre, Spirits of 2 " 

Camphor 1^ scruple. 

Balsam of Tolu i}£ " 

Alcohol ]/ 2 pint. 

Mix, and let stand one week. Strain or filter, and add l / z pint 
Glycerine. 

Dose. — Take 2 teaspoonfuls three or four times a day in a tumbler 
of Prickly Ash tea. 

For Pleurisy, Fever, Inflammation, etc., also in Dysentery. 

Ipecac 1 drachm. 

Saffron 1 

Camphor 1 " 

Virginia Snake Root 1 " 

Opium 10 grains. 

Holland Gin or Jamaica Spirits 1 ]/ 2 gills. 

I^et it stand for two weeks, filter and bottle. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful, given in a tumbler of Catnip tea every 
hour or two till it produces perspiration. 

For bitermittent Fever, Fever and Ague. 

Peruvian Bark ,.-,, 4 drachms. 

Wild Cherry Bark 2 

Cinnamon 1 scruple 

Cloves 1 " 

Nutmeg 1 

Sulphur 2 drachms. 

Wine 1 pint 

Let it stand a sufficient time to extract the strength. 

Pose. — A wineglassful every two or three hours. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 675 

TONICS. 

Beef, Iron and Wine. 

Iron and Ammonia, Citrate of . . 4 drachms. 

Water 2}i ounces. 

Simple Elixir 1 pint. 

Beef , Extract of y z ounce. 

Good Wine 10 " 

Mix all together in a large bottle. Shake occasionally and let 
stand for one week. Get two or three sheets of filtering paper, fold 
carefully and place in a funnel. Also get a little Wood Charcoal 
and carefully moisten it with a little of the solution, then pour the 
charcoal into the filter and filter the balance of the solution through 
the charcoal and paper. As a rule the beef extract is not added, 
because after standing for a time it becomes precipitated to the 
bottom of the bottle, and when shaken up makes a rather unsightly 
looking mixture. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful at meal time. Larger doses may be 
taken. 

Calisaya Bark and Iron. 

Quinine, Sulphate of 20 grains. 

Cinchona, Sulphate of 8 " 

Citric Acid 5 

Iron, Soluble, Citrate of 5 drachms. 

Simple Elixir 1 pint. 

Dose. — From 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls after meals. 

Sweet Wine of Iron. 

Cinchona, powdered 1 drachm. 

Bitter Orange Peel, powdered 30 grains. 

Citric Acid 30 " 

Iron, Soluble Citrate of 2 drachms. 

Water 3^ ounces. 

SherryWine 7 " 

Sweet Orange Peel, Tincture of 2> l A " 

Syrup 14 drachms. 

Mix the tincture with the water, and with this percolate or mix 
the Cinchona and Orange Peel. Add to this the Citric Acid and 
Iron dissolved in the Wine, then add the Syrup and filter. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful after meals and at bedtime. 

Cordial for Tonic Purposes in all cases of nervous derangement and 
general debility, especially of that kind peculiar to females. 
Very useful in Leucorrhea, Consumption in its early stages, 
Dyspepsia, etc. 

Comfrey Root 1 ounce. 

Solomon's Seal 1 ' 

Spikenard Root 1 " 

ColumboRoot % " 

Gentian Root y z " 

Chamomile Flowers y 2 " 

Bruise all together and add 4 quarts of the best Malaga Wine. 
Let it stand a week and strain. 

Dose. — Half a wineglassful three or four times a day. 



6y6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

TONIC BITTERS. 

For General Tonic Purposes. 

Red Cinchona Bark 2 ounces. 

Gentian Root 2 

Columbo Root 2 

Juniper Berries 2 

Glycerine 2 

Alcohol 6 

Water 10 

Reduce the drugs to a moderately fine powder. Put into a large 
bottle, add the Alcohol and water and let stand for one week. Then 
get some filtering paper, place it carefully in a funnel, strain 
the liquid through it and add the Glycerine. 

Dose. — One or two teaspoonfuls before meals. 

For Dyspepsia , and Complaints Generally Requiring a Tonic. 

Golden Seal 1 drachm. 

Whitewood Bark 1 " 

Bitter Root 1 " 

Cayenne Pepper 1^ " 

Bruise all and add 2 quarts of wine. 

Dose. — From a tablespoonful to a wineglassful three times a day. 

For Dyspepsia, Obstruction of the Menses ', General Tonic Purposes. 

Tamarack Bark 6 ounces. 

Prickly Ash Bark 4 " 

Wild Cherry Bark ,. 3 

Senega Snake Root 3 " 

Tansy 1 A 

Socotrine Aloes j4 " 

Let these articles be pulverized and mixed, and take of the mix- 
ture % pound, add 3 pints of boiling water, 2 quarts of Holland Gin 
and 1 pint of Molasses. Let stand a week. 

Dose. — Half a wineglassful to be taken at morning, noon and 
evening. 

VOMITING, TO CHECK. 

Carbolic Acid 2 drops. 

Bismuth, Subnitrate of 2 drachms. 

Lime Water, add to 2 ounces. 

Mix, and take from % to 1 teaspoonful every 20 to 30 minutes or 
one hour. 

For Obstinate Cases. 

Creosote A 2 drops. 

Mucilage of Gum Arabic 2 drachms. 

Distilled Water 1 ounce. 

Spirits of Nutmeg 2 drachms. 

Mix. Let this draught be given at once, and repeated every 
other hour until the vomiting is checked. 






MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 677 

COLD CREAMS. 

Face Massage Cream. — Put 4 ounces of Sweet Almond Oil 
into the inside receptacle of a custard boiler. Put as much warm 
water into the outside boiler as though you were going to make a 
custard. 

Set the two — one inside the other — over the fire. Have ready 
one good sized cucumber, which wash and cut into squares two or 
three inches in size. Do not remove the peel. When the Almond 
Oil begins to boil, put the sliced cucumber into it. Set the 
custard boiler on the back of the stove and let the water merely 
simmer for four or five hours. Strain. To 6 ounces of the 
strained liquid add 1 ounce of White Wax, 1 of Spermaceti and 
2 of I,anoline (or wool fat). Heat until the Wax, Spermaceti 
and L,anoline have melted, then take off the fire and beat with 
an egg-beater until cold, adding during the beating process 2 
teaspoonfuls of Tincture of Benzoin. 

This is an excellent cream if properly and carefully made. 

Another Face Cream. 

White Wax , 1 ounce. 

Spermaceti I " 

Almond Oil 3 

Lanoline 1 " 

Put these four ingredients into the inner vessel of the custard 
boiler. Fill the outer vessel about full of warm water and set over 
the fire. Place the inner vessel into the outer receptacle. When 
all the ingredients have melted, take the inner vessel out, stir the 
mixture constantly until cold, adding, little by little during the 
stirring, 3 ounces of Rosewater, 1 ounce of Witch Hazel and 1 
drachm of Tincture of Benzoin. This will result in more than % 
pound of delightful cream for the purpose suggested. 

An Elegant Cold Cream. 

Glycerine 6 ounces. 

L,anoline iy 2 " 

Petrolatum, white \ l / 2 " 

Mix the Lanoline and Petrolatum and then incorporate the 
Glycerine. Flavor with 3 or 4 drops of the Oil of Rose or other 
perfume. Put up in small jars or boxes. This is one of the finest 
preparations of its kind, easily made and keeps for any length of 
time. 

Camphor Ice. 

Petrolatum, white, .c 2 ounces. 

White Wax, pure 2 ' 

Camphor Gum 4 " 

Rosin, white 4 

Glycerine 16 " 

Melt all together, stir well, and when nearly cold pour into jars 
or other receptacles. 



6y8 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Chapped Hands Preparation. 

Quince Seed y 2 ounce. 

Borax, powdered 2 drachms. 

Glycerine iy 2 ounces. 

Hot Water 12 " 

Pour the hot water on the Quince seed and let stand until thick, 
which may require from twelve to twenty-four hours, then strain 
through a coarse cloth. Dissolve the Borax in a small amount of 
this, being careful to break up all of the lumps, and add it and 
the Glycerine to the mixture. Perfume can be added to suit. 

FACE POWDERS. 

Complexion Powder. 

Bismuth, Subnitrate of 1 ounce. 

Magnesia, Carbonate of 1 " 

French Chalk 10 " 

Add a few drops of Oil of Rose, or other perfume if desired. 

Complexion Powder. 

Zinc, Oxide of 3 ounces. 

Precipitated Chalk 4 " 

French Chalk 10 " 

Magnesia, Light Carbonate of \yi " 

Rose, Oil of 2 drops. 

Rose Geranium, Tincture of 10 " 

Mix thoroughly by passing several times through a fine sieve. If 
desired, a few grains of Carmine may be added to give a pink color. 

Borated Talcum. 

French Chalk, powdered and purified 10 ounces. 

Boric Acid, powdered 8 " 

Violet, Tincture of 1 drachm. 

Jasmine, Tincture of yi " 

Vanilla, Tincture of y 2 

Mix the French Chalk and Boric Acid, then mix the tinctures and 
add to the powder by means of an atomizer spray. Lastly mix by 
passing several times through a fine sieve. 

HAIR, RECEIPTS FOR. 

Hair Dye — In Three Numbers. 

No. I. Distilled Water 4 ounces. 

Alcohol 1 

Pyrogallic Acid 1 drachm. 

The Pyrogallic Acid is to be put into the Alcohol until dissolved, 
then the water added, and the preparation corked for use. 

No. 2. Aqua Ammonia 1 ounce. 

Water 1 

Nitrate of Silver 2 drachms. 

Put the Nitrate of Silver into the Ammonia until dissolved, then 
add the water, cork and keep in a dark place. 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 679 

No. 3. Distilled water 4 ounces. 

Sulphuret of Potash y z 

Mix cork, and keep in cool place. This number loses its virtue 
in a month or two, but is not expensive to make. 

To dye the moustache, whiskers or hair, be sure they are clean 
and free from soap, and only a little damp; then carefully apply No. 
1, not getting it upon the skin and while it is still damp, but some- 
what dried, apply No. 2, also avoiding the skin. In case any of 
either number touches the skin, it is best to have a damp sponge or 
a damp cloth and wipe it off immediately. Two or three minutes 
after No. 2 has been applied all over carefully, apply No. 3, which 
will "set" the dye and give it more depth of color, and also make it 
a more lively and natural black. If there is any of the silver num- 
ber left on the skin, at the edges of the hair or whiskers, 
touch it with the No. 3, when it may be removed with a damp 
sponge. Be careful to take up all of the No. 3 with the damp 
sponge or cloth, otherwise it will give the skin a yellowish brown 
appearance from the action of the air upon it when you go out. 

Pomade Hair Restorative — French. 

Almond Oil % pound. 

White Wax % ounce. 

Lard, clarified 3 " 

Liquid Ammonia 2 drachms. 

Add a few drops of Rose, Lavender, Bergamot or other perfume. 

Place the Oil, Wax and Lard in a jar, and set the jar into boiling 
water until the wax is melted; then remove, and when nearly ready to 
set or stiffen, stir in the Ammonia and perfumes and put into boxes or 
jars for use, covering well. Apply the pomade at night only, not 
using combs nor harsh brushes during the growth of young hair. 

The argument for the use of Ammonia is, that it contains nitro- 
gen, which is one of the principal constituents of the hair, 
consequently affords nourishment. It is utterly impossible for 
the animal economy to create hair out of any oil, because oil is destitute 
of nitrogen; but if oil or grease is combined with Ammonia, which 
yields nitrogen, then great benefit will be derived from a pomade 
so made. All oils and pomades without Ammonia act only as 
polishers, affording no nourishment. 

Another Restorative. — Avery nice article of hair restorative 
and dressing is made as follows: 

Rain Water 8 ounces. 

Bay Rum 4 ' 

Aqua Ammonia y 2 " 

Glycerine % 4< 

Mix, bottle and keep corked. 

The Glycerine gives it a glossiness, while the Ammonia and Bay 
Rum stimulate the surface to a healthy action. 



68o FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Hair Invigorator. — A simple and pleasant article to invigo- 
rate the scalp, to remove dandruff and to prevent its return is the 
following: 

Alcohol i pint. 

Guin Camphor 2 ounces. 

Apply daily, by means of a piece of sponge, for a month, or until 
the head is clean and free from dandruff; then once or twice a week 
only will keep it clean and healthy. 

Another Invigorator, 

Alcohol, of the best quality 1 pint. 

Rain, or distilled, Water 1 " 

Aqua Ammonia 1 ounce. 

Mix. Wet the head thoroughly and rub well to the roots of the 
hair once daily. 

This has brought out hair on absolutely bald patches on the head. 

Hair Tonic. 

Cantharides, Tincture of 2 drachms. 

Quinine %, " 

Ammonia, Muriate of 2 scruples. 

Glycerine 4 ounces. 

Cologne 4 " 

Water, distilled 4 

When there is any irritation of the scalp, this preparation is espe- 
cially valuable. It will be found very satisfactory as a stimulant or 
tonic to the scalp, while at the same time it acts as a hair dressing. 

Another Tonic. 

Glycerine , 1 ounce. 

Bay Rum 1 u 

Cantharides. Tincture of ]/z " 

Aqua Ammonia % " 

Rosewater l / 2 pint. 

Shampoo for Removing Dandruff and Scurf from the 
Head. 

Alcohol 1 pint. 

Water, soft 3 " 

Cantharides, Tincture of y z ounce. 

Ammonia, Carbonate of 1 " 

Potassa, Carbonate of 1 " 

Eergamot, or Oil of Lavender 1 drachm. 

Put the oils into the Alcohol, dissolve the carbonates in the water 
and mix all. It is used in cases where the dandruff in the 
hair has become so excessive as to fall out and keep the coat littered 
with it. Pour on sufficient to wet the hair completely, then with 
the ends of the fingers loosen the dandruff from the scalp thor- 
oughly to allow the Ammonia, Alcohol and Cantharides, which are 
valuable correctives and stimulants to the skin, to have their full 
effect. In washing out it will be important to keep the eyes closed, 
as it would be a rather strong mixture for their comfort. Use any 



MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 68 1 

oily hair dressing after it. Any person whose condition of health is 
such that dandruff forms freely and readily should wash the head 
often with plain water and soap, and use one of the restoratives or 
invigorators above until a healthy state of the scalp is obtained, then 
as often as needed to maintain or keep it in a healthy condition. 

Another Shampoo. 

Alcohol 2 ounces. 

Ammonia, Water of \y 2 drachms. 

Glycerine i " 

Salts of Tartar (called also Carbonate of 

Potash i ' 

Castile Soap i o grains. 

Water, add enough to make 5 ounces. 

Mix together. This application is pleasant to use and is very 
cleansing. If the head is rubbed briskly while applying it, a large 
amount of foam is produced. This disappears in a few minutes, 
leaving the scalp clean and fresh. 

Hair Curling Liquid. 

Borax, pulverized 1 ounce. 

Gum Arabic, pulverized y 2 drachm. 

Water, scalding hot 1 pint. 

Mix, and stir until dissolved; then add Spirits of Camphor, 2 
tablespoonfuls, and bottle. 

On retiring, moisten the hair with the above and paper in the 
usual style. 

Hair Oils. — A cheap and good article is made suitable for a 

hair dressing, when there is no baldness nor call for a restorative, 

by clarifying lard oil, as follows: 

Lard Oil iX pints. 

Alcohol 2 ounces. 

Bottle, cork and shake, and shake frequently for two or three 
days; then let stand and settle until clear, and pour off from the 
sediment for use. 

This may be flavored with Oil of Citronella, Bergamot, Lavender 
or Rosemary, as preferred, }4 ounce; and if it is desired to give it 
color, tie Alkanet root, bruised, x / z ounce, in a bit of muslin, and 
put into the oil until a light purple shade is produced. Tumeric 
used instead of Alkanet gives a yellow shade. 

Hen s Oil is a very fine oil, free from gumminess, and conse- 
quently makes an excellent hair dressing when flavored with Oil of 
Citronella, ^ ounce, and Bergamot, ^ ounce, to 1 pint of the oil. 
This receipt is as good as it is short. Other flavoring oils may 
be used, if preferred. 

Verbena Oil. 

Cologne Alcohol , X A P int - 

Otto, or Oil of Verbena 1 drachm. 

Lavender, Oil of 20 drops. 

Bergamot, Oil of 20 

Mix all together. 



682 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Bay Rum Mixture. 

Bay, Oil of y z ounce. 

Cloves, Oil of % 

Red Thyme, Oil of , i " 

Allspice, Oil of i " 

Mix all together. 

To make Bay Rum, add ^ ounce of this mixture to 2 pints of 
Alcohol. Shake thoroughly and add 2 pints of water and 1 ounce 
of Carbonate of Magnesia, finely pulverized. Place it in a filter and 
filter the Bay Rum through it. 

Another Bay Rum Mixture. 

Bay, Oil of 1 ounce. 

Cloves, Oil of.... 1 drachm. 

Sweet Orange, Oil of 1 " 

Neroli Petale, Oil of 30 drops. 

Allspice, Oil of 30 " 

Cardamon, Oil of 3 " 

Prepare as above. 

PERFUMES. 

White Rose. 

Rose, Oil of 15 drops. 

Rose Geranium, Oil of 10 " 

Patchouli, Oil of 2 " 

Ambrette, Tincture of 2 ounces. 

Orris, Tincture of 4 " 

Deodorized Alcohol 12 " 

Rosewater 1 pint. 

Dissolve the oils in the deodorized Alcohol, add the tinctures, 
shake well, then slowly add the Rosewater and filter through filter- 
ing paper. If desired, a slight tinge of color may be given by 
adding a very small amount of Aniline. 

Mary Stuart. 

Rose, Oil of 15 drops. 

Sandal Wood, Oil of 5 

Bergamot, Oil of y, drachm. 

Orris Root, Tincture of 4 ounces. 

Vanilla, Tincture of 1 " 

Civet, Tincture of 1 " 

Deodorized Alcohol 3 " 

Rosewater 7 " 

Magnesia, Carbonate of Yz " 

Mix the oils and tinctures with \y 2 ounces of the deodorized 
Alcohol, place the Magnesia in a mortar or some convenient vessel, 
pour on the solution of oils and Alcohol and mix thoroughly. Mix 
the remaining iy 2 ounces of Alcohol and the Rosewater, add all 
together and filter through filtering paper. 






MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
Jockey Club. 

Bergamot, Oil of 6 drachms. 

Lavender, Oil of 15 drops. 

Rose, Oil of 8 

Orris Root, Tincture of 4 ounces. 

Vanilla, Tincture of 1% 

Cologne Spirits 4 " 

Rosewater 7 " 

Mix as above. 

SACHET POWDERS. 

Lavender. 

Lavender Flowers 8 ounces. 

Thyme, dried and powdered %, " 

Spearmint, dried y z " 

Cloves, powdered X " 

Caraway, powdered % " 

Lavender, Oil of 1 drachm. 

Mix thoroughly, allow to stand for several da3 T s closely covered, 
then divide, place in several envelopes and seal. 

Heliotrope. 

Orris Root, powdered 6 ounces. 

Vanilla, powdered 2 drachms. 

Musk '. 3 grains. 

Almonds, Essential Oil of 1 drop. 

Mix thoroughly and divide as above. 

Essence Bouqet. 

Orris Root, powdered 2 ounces. 

Grain Musk 8 grains. 

Rose, Oil of 8 drops. 

Bergamot, Oil of 20 " 

Lemon, Oil of 5 

Mix and divide as above. 



683 



TOILET WATERS. 

Lavender Water. 

Lavender, Oil of 2 drachms. 

Bergamot, Oil of 1 

Vanilla, Tincture of 4 

Angelica, Tincture of 4 

Cologne Spirits 10 ounces. 

Rosewater 4 

Dissolve the oils in the spirits, add the tinctures and let stand for 
three days, then add the Rosewater and let stand one week more, 
after which filter through a little Magnesia. 



684 FA V0RIT E MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Florida Water. 

Lavender, Oil of % ounce. 

Bergamot, Oil of % " 

Lemon, Oil of % " 

Sweet Orange, Oil of % drachm. 

Cloves, Oil of 15 drops. 

Cassia, Oil of x / 2 drachm. 

Cologne Spirits 3 pints. 

Rosewater 1 " 

Mix and filter through Magnesia. 

TOOTH POWDERS, ETC. 

Precipitated Chalk 1 ounce. 

Borax, finely pulverized 1 drachm. 

Rose Oil 2 drops. 

Intimately mix and keep in closely covered boxes for use. 
Note. — If there is a tendency to sponginess or bleeding of the 
gums, dissolve 3 grains of Camphor Gum in a trifle of Alcohol and 
add to the above in place of the Rose Oil. 

Antiseptic Tooth Powder. 

Precipitated Chalk 4 ounces. 

Orris Root, powdered 1 " 

Boric Acid, powdered y z " 

Mix thoroughly by passing several times through a fine sieve. 

Antiseptic Tooth Powder. 

Precipitated Chalk 2 ounces. 

Orris Root, powdered 2 drachms. 

Camphor Gum, powdered 1 " 

Boric Acid 2 " 

Saccharine, powdered 1 grain. 

Cloves, Oil of 1 drop, 

Mix thoroughly by passing several times through a fine sieve. 

Antiseptic Tooth Wash. 

Alcohol, deodorized 6 ounces. 

Boric Acid % drachm. 

Thymol 8 grains. 

Glycerine }£ ounce. 

Eucalyptus, Oil of 5 drops. 

Wintergreen, Oil of 8 " 

Water 7 ounces. 

Dissolve the Oils, Thymol and Boric Acid in the deodorized Alco- 
hol. Mix the water and Glycerine, then add all together and filter 
through filtering paper. 



OVER ONE HUNDRED GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS 

OF RARE VALUE. 



CLEANING RECEIPTS FOR CLOTHING, ETC. 



Cloth Cleaning Compound. 

Glycerine i ounce. 

Sulphuric Ether i " 

Alcohol i " 

Ammonia 4 " 

Castile Soap 1 " 

Mix together and add sufficient water to make 2 quarts. Apply 
and rinse. 

Scouring Balls, to Remove Grease, etc., from Cloth. 

Soft Soap 1 pound. 

Fuller's Earth , 1 " 

Beat well together in a mortar and form into cakes. The spot, 
first moistened with water, is rubbed with the cake and allowed to 
dry, when it is well rubbed with a little warm water, and afterwards 
rinsed or rubbed off clean. 

Black Cloth, to Clean. 

Ammonia, Bicarbonate of 1 ounce. 

Water, warm 1 quart. 

Dissolve the Ammonia in the water and rub the cloth with the 
solution, using a piece of flannel or black cloth for the purpose. 
After the application of this solution clean the cloth well with clear 
water, and dry and iron it, brushing it from time to time in the direc- 
tion of the fiber. 

Satins, to Clean. — Satins may be cleaned with a weak solu- 
tion of Borax or Benzine when greasy. Care should be taken to 
sponge moderately and lengthwise, not across, the fabric. Iron 
on the wrong side only. White, cream' and pink satins may be 
treated in the same way as light colored silks. 

Black Satin, to Clean. — Boil 3 pounds of potatoes to a pulp 
in a quart of water, strain through a sieve, and brush the satin 
with it on a board or table, using a soft brush or sponge. The 
satin must not be wrung, but folded down in cloths for three 
hours and then ironed on the wrong side. 

Black Silk, to Clean. — To bullock's gall add boiling water 
sufficient to make it warm, and with a clean sponge rub the silk 
well on both sides. Squeeze it out gently, and proceed in like 
manner until thoroughly cleaned. Rinse it in soft water, and 

685 



686 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

change the water until perfectly clear. Dry it in the air, and 
then dip a sponge in glue water and rub it on the wrong side, 
pin it out on a table and let dry before a fire. 

White or Light Silk, to Clean.— Dissolve Naphtha soap in 
water, and add enough cool or lukewarm water to form the 
desired amount of suds. Dip the silk up and down in the water, 
gently rubbing any spots until they disappear — do not rub soap 
on the silk — rinse in lukewarm water and dry. Press on the 
wrong side. 

Method Used in Cleaning Establishments. — The method 
used in establishments of this kind for cleaning silks, French 
flannels and other wool cloths, is to put the garment into a jar 
containing sufficient gasoline to cover it nicely, dipping it up and 
down, and rubbing soiled spots, or the entire garment, with Ivory 
soap. Rinse in clean gasoline. By shaking the garment in the 
air for fifteen or twenty minutes, or pinning it to a line with a 
good breeze blowing, the odor will be removed. It is not neces- 
sary to press it, unless it may be in much wrinkled parts, when 
the pressing should be done on the wrong side. Flutings, shir- 
rings, etc. , can be smoothed out with the fingers. 

Ribbons, to Clean. — A good quality of ribbon, and espe- 
cially in light colors, may be made to look like new. Wash with 
Naphtha soap, as above, or make a hot suds of other good soap, 
rub gently with the hands until clean, rinse and put into a clean 
white cloth to wring, for instance, into a sheet. This will leave 
the ribbon only a little damp. Do not press it, but lay it on the 
ironing board with the wrong side up, set a moderately warmed 
flat on it and draw the ribbon through under the fiat until smoothed. 
The right side will look like new. 

Lace, to Wash. — Cover an ordinary wine bottle with fine 
flannel, stitching it firmly around the bottle. Tack one end of 
the lace to the flannel, roll it very smoothly around the bottle 
and tack down the other end, then cover with a piece of very fine 
flannel or muslin. Now rub it gently with a strong soap liquor, 
and, if the lace is very much discolored or dirty, fill the bottle 
with hot water, place it in a kettle or saucepan of suds and 
boil it for a few minutes, then place the bottle under a tap of 
running water to rinse out the soap. Make some strong starch, 
and melt in it a piece of white wax and a little loaf sugar. 
Plunge the bottle two or three times into this and squeeze out the 
superfluous starch with the hands. Next dip the bottle in cold 
water, remove the outer covering from the lace, fill the bottle 
with hot water and stand it in the sun to dry the lace. When 
nearly dry, take it very carefully off the bottle and pick it out 
with the fingers. I^ay it in a cool place to dry thoroughly. 



GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 687 

Black Lace, to Revive. — Make some black tea, about the 
strength usual for drinking, and strain it off the leaves. Pour 
enough tea into a basin to cover the quantity of lace, let it stand 
ten or twelve hours, then squeeze it several times but do not 
rub it. Dip it frequently into the tea, which will at length 
assume a dirty appearance. Have ready some weak gum water, 
and press the lace gently through it; then clap it for a quarter of 
an hour, after which pin it to a towel in any shape which you 
wish it to take. When nearly dry, cover it with another towel 
and iron it with a cool iron. The lace, if previously sound and 
discolored only, will after this process look as good as new. 

Plush, to Renovate. — To restore plush, hold the wrong 
side over steam arising from boiling water until the pile rises; or 
dampen lightly the wrong side of the plush and hold it over a 
pretty hot iron, not hot enough to scorch, however; or heat a 
clean brick, place upon it a wet cloth, hold the plush over it, and 
the steam will raise the nap. 

To Raise the Pile on Velvet. — Put on a table two sticks of 
wood, place between them, bottom side up, three very hot flat- 
irons, and over these lay a wet cloth. Hold the velvet over the 
cloth, with the wrong side down and, when thoroughly steamed, 
brush the pile with a light whisk. The velvet will look as good 
as new. 

Dark Furs, to Clean. — For sable, chinchilla, squirrel, fitch, 
etc., heat a quantity of new bran in a pan, stirring constantly so 
that it will not burn. When well heated, rub thoroughly into 
the fur. Repeat two or three times. Shake the fur and brush 
briskly until free from dust. 

Light Furs, to Clean. — White furs, ermine, etc., may be 
cleaned in the following way: L,ay the fur on a table and rub 
with bran slightly moistened with warm water. Rub until dry, 
then rub with dry bran. Use flannel for rubbing with the wet 
bran and book muslin for the dry. After using the bran, rub 
with Magnesia. Dry flour may be used instead of wet bran. 
Rub the wrong way of the fur, and afterwards shake and brush 
to place. 

Glove Cleaner. 

Castile Soap, white 3 ounces. 

Javelle Water 2 " 

Water 2 

Water of Ammonia 1 drachm. 

Dissolve the soap by the aid of heat in the water and, when nearly 
cold, add the Javelle Water and the Water of Ammonia, The prep- 
aration should form a paste, to be rubbed on the soiled part of the 
glove with a piece of flannel. This recipe is in use in many large 
cleaning establishments, and can be recommended. 



588 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Canteine — French Glove Cleaner. 

Curd Soap ( in small shavings ) i ounce. 

Water.... 3 " 

Mix with heat and stir in 

Essence of Citron 1 " 

Saponine — French Glove Cleaner. 

Duvignau Soap, in powder (or any good 

soap powder) 5 parts. 

Water: 3 " 

Dissolve with heat and add 

Bau de Javelle (Javelle Water) 3 " 

Ammonia Water f " 

Directions. — A small portion of either of the above is rubbed over 
the glove with a piece of flannel (always in one direction) until it is 
sufficiently clean. 

Kid Gloves, to Clean. — Put them, together with a sufficient 
quantity of pure Benzine, into a large stoppered vessel, and shake 
the whole occasionally, with alternate rest. If on removing the 
gloves there remain any spots, rub them out with a soft cloth 
moistened with Ether or Benzole. Dry the gloves by exposure 
to the air, and then place smoothly between glass plates at the 
temperature of boiling water until the last traces of Benzine are 
expelled. They may then be folded and pressed between paper 
with a warm iron. 

Another way is to use a strong solution of pure soap in hot 
milk beaten up with the yolk of 1 egg to a pint of the solution. 
Put the glove on the hand and rub it gently with the paste, to 
which a little Ether may be added, then carefully lay by to dry. 
White gloves are not discolored by this treatment, and leather 
will be made thereby clean and soft as when new. 

Kid Gloves, to Clean without Wetting. — Stale bread is 
sometimes used for this purpose. The gloves are put on, the softer 
part of the bread is broken up into crumbs, and the hands are 
rubbed one over the other as in the act of washing, the crumbs 
being thus rubbed over all parts of the gloves. Spongy rubber 
is often used for glove cleaning. It is applied in the same 
manner as in cleaning drawings, i. e. , it is rubbed over the soiled 
parts of the glove. 

Straw, to Clean. — Wash in warm soap liquor, brushing 
well both inside and out, then rinse in cold water and it is 
ready for bleaching. Or, if the hat is not intended for bleaching, 
clean a small part only at a time and do not make it too wet, as 
otherwise it will destroy the sizing and give the hat a wilted 
look. 

Note. — Preparations for cleaning straw may be purchased at a trifling 
expense. 



GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 689 

Straw, to Bleach. — Put a small quantity of Salts of Sorrel 
or Oxalic Acid into a clean pan, and pour on it sufficient scalding 
water to cover the bonnet or hat. Put the bonnet or hat into 
this liquor, and let it remain in it for about five minutes; to keep 
it covered hold it down with a clean stick. Dry in the sun or 
before a clear fire. Or, having first dried the bonnet or hat, put 
it, together with a saucer of burning Sulphur, into a box with a 
tightly closing lid. Cover it over to keep in the fumes, and let it 
remain for a few hours. The disadvantage of bleaching with 
Sulphur is that the articles so bleached soon become yellow, 
which does not happen to them when they are bleached by 
Oxalic Acid. 

Straw, to Finish or Stiffen — After cleaning and bleaching, 
white bonnets should be stiffened with parchment size. Black 
or colored bonnets are finished with a size made from the best 
glue. Straw or chip plaits, or leghorn hats and bonnets, may 
also be cleaned, bleached and finished as above. 

White Manila Hats, to Clean. — Sprinkle with water and 
expose to the fumes of burning Sulphur in a tight box. 

Panama Hats, to Clean. — To renovate white straw hats, 
the following method has been recommended. Prepare two 
solutions as follows: 

I. — Sodium Hyposulphite 2% drachms. 

Glycerine 1 " 

Alcohol 2}4 

Water 2% ounces. 

II. — Citric Acid y z drachm. 

Alcohol 2>£ 

Water 3 ounces. 

First sponge the straw hat with solution No. I, and lay aside in a 
moist room (cellar) for twenty-four hours; then apply solution No. II 
and treat similarly. Finally the hat should be gone over with a 
flatiron, not too hot. If very dirty, the hat must be cleaned and 
dried before beginning the bleaching operation. 

Felt Hats, to Clean. — Clean with Ammonia and water; if 
greasy, wash with Fuller's Earth. Size with glue size and block 
while warm. Glue size is made by diluting hot glue with hot 
water. Apply inside, not outside the hat. The thicker the 
glue, the stiff er the hat. 

White Ostrich Feathers, to Clean. — Four ounces white 
curd soap cut small, dissolved in 4 pints water, rather hot, in a 
basin. Make the solution into a lather by beating. Introduce 
the feathers and rub well with the hands for five 01 six minutes. 
After the soaping, wash in clean water as hot as the hand can 
bear. Shake until dry. 

44 



6go FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Shoes, to Clean.— Defaced kid boots will be greatly- 
improved by being rubbed well with a mixture of cream and ink. 

Diamonds, to Clean. — Clean all diamonds and precious 
stones by washing them with soap and water with a soft brush, 
adding a little Ammonia to the water, and then dry in fine box- 
wood sawdust. A little Potash or Pearl Ash put in the water will 
answer the same purpose. 

Sponges, to Clean. — Mix about a pint of water in a large 
basin, add 2 tablespoonfuls of Sulphuric Acid (common Oil of 
Vitriol) , then steep the sponge about two hours, wringing it out 
several times in the acid, and finally wash out the acid in clean 
water. It will be just like new, regaining its former size, color 
and elasticity. 

STAINS, TO REMOVE. 

Stains from Acids, Vineg;ar, Sour Wine, Must, Sour 
Fruits, to Remove. — For white goods, simple washing, fol- 
lowed by Chlorine water if a fruit color accompanies the acid; for 
colored cottons, woolens and silks, carefully moisten with dilute 
Ammonia, applied with the finger ends. In case of delicate 
colors it will be found preferable to make some Prepared Chalk 
into a thin paste with water and apply it to the spots. 

Note. — The Chlorine water mentioned above may be obtained at a drug 
store. // should not be used on colored fabrics. 

Blood Stains, to Remove. — An accidental prick of the 
finger frequently spoils the appearance of work. Stains may be 
entirely obliterated from almost any substance by laying a thick 
coating of common starch over the place. The starch is to be 
mixed as if for the laundry and laid on quite wet. 

Blood Stains, to Remove. — The free and early application 
of a weak solution of Soda or Potash, and the subsequent appli- 
cation of a solution of Alum, is also recommended. 

Fruit Stains, to Remove. — Fruit stains, when fresh, may 
be removed by pouring boiling water through the stained portion 
until the spot disappears. 

Grass Stains, to Remove. — Grass stains should be rubbed 
with molasses thoroughly and then washed out as usual. Another 
treatment is to rub with Alcohol and then wash in water. 

Old Fruit Stains, to Remove. — Old fruit stains may be 
removed with Oxalic Acid. Wash the stained portion in the 
Oxalic Acid until clear, then rinse at once in rain water as the 
acid will attack the fabric if left upon it. Now wet the spot in 
Ammonia and give a final rinsing. 



GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 691 

Milk and Coffee Stains, to Remove. — These stains are 
very difficult to remove, especially from light colored and finely 
finished goods. From woolen and mixed fabrics they are taken 
out by moistening them with a mixture of 1 part Glycerine, 
9 parts water and T A part Aqua Ammonia. This mixture is 
applied to the goods by means of a brush, and allowed to remain 
for twelve hours, occasionally renewing the moistening. After 
this time the stained pieces are pressed between cloth, and then 
rubbed with a clean rag. Drying, and if possible a little steam- 
ing, is generally sufficient to thoroughly remove the stains. 

Linen, to Clean. — When linen is discolored by washing, age, 
or lying out of use, the best method of restoring the whiteness is 
by bleaching in the open air, and exposure on the grass to the 
dews and winds. There may occur cases, however, where this 
is difficult to accomplish, and where a quicker process may be 
desirable, for which the following is recommended: 

Lay the linen for twelve hours in a lye formed of 1 pound Soda 
to a gallon of boiling hot soft water, and then boil it for half an 
hour in the same liquid. Then make a mixture of Chloride of 
Lime with eight times its quantity of water, which must be well 
shaken in a stone jar for three days, then allowed to settle and 
be drawn off clear, in which the linen must be steeped for thirty-six 
hours and then washed out in the ordinary way. This will 
remove all discoloration. 

Rust and Ink Stains, to Remove. — Rust and ink stains 
should be rubbed with juice of lemon, the spot then covered with 
salt and the cloth placed in the sun. If this treatment does not 
serve to remove the stain, or if the fabric is colored and so cannot 
be treated with lemon juice, Oxalic Acid may be used as for old 
fruit stains. 

Writing Ink Stains, to Remove. — Try Oxalic Acid fol- 
lowed by Chloride of Lime. Wash thoroughly with plenty of 
water afterwards. 

Marking Ink Stains, etc., to Remove. — Apply Tincture of 
Iodine. The silver in the ink forms Silver Iodide, which is 
removed by a weak solution of Potassium Cyanide (deadly 
poison) . 

Printer's Ink Stains, to Remove. — Put the stained parts 
of the fabric into a quantity of Benzine, then use a fine, rather 
stiff brush, with fresh Benzine. Dry and rub bright with warm 
water and curd soap. The Benzine will not injure the fabric or 
dye. 



692 PA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Ink. — Ink that is freshly spilled upon a carpet should be 
covered with common or coarse salt or Indian meal. If the stain 
is not all absorbed, rub with lemon juice. 

Broadcloth, to Remove Stains from.— Grind fine 1% 
ounces Pipe Clay; mix with 18 drops of Alcohol and the same 
quantity Spirits of Turpentine. Moisten a little of this mixture 
with Alcohol and rub on the stains. When dry, rub off with a 
woolen cloth. 

Color, to Restore. — When acid has accidentally or otherwise 
destroyed or changed the color of a fabric, Ammonia should be 
applied to neutralize the acid. A subsequent application of 
Chloroform restores the original color. 

Mildew Stains, to Remove. — Mix well together a spoonful 
of table salt, 2 of soft Soap, 2 of powdered Starch and the juice 
of a lemon. Lay this mixture on both sides of the stain with a 
painter's brush, and then lay the article on the grass, day and 
night, until the stain disappears. 

Mildew, to Prevent. — Housekeepers are often greatly 
troubled and perplexed by mildew from damp closets and from 
rust. By putting an earthen bowl or deep plate full of quick- 
lime into the closet, the lime will absorb the dampness and also 
sweeten and disinfect the place. Rats, mice, and many bugs that 
are apt to congregate in damp places have a dislike to lime. As 
often as the lime becomes slaked, throw it on the compost heap 
if in the country, or into the ash barrel if in the city. 



GREASE, TO REMOVE. 

Lightning Renovator, to Remove Grease. 

Castile Soap 4 ounces. 

Hot Water 1 quart. 

When the soap is dissolved, add 

Water 4 quarts. 

Water of Ammonia 4 ounces. 

Sulphuric Ether 1 

Glycerine 1 

Alcohol 1 

Grease Spots, to Remove. — Put over the spot a piece of 
blotting paper and apply a hot iron. 

Or, apply French chalk, put a piece of paper over it and apply 
the iron. 

Or, try Ether or Benzine, and put blotting paper above and 
below the spot. 



GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 693 

LAUNDRY RECEIPTS. 

Jackman's Washing Compound. 

Sal Soda 6 pounds 

Borax 1 " 

Dissolve in 1 gallon of boiling water and, when cold, add 

Potassium Carbonate y 3 pound. 

Ammonia Water 3 ounces. 

Alcohol 4 teaspoonfuls. 

Boil for five minutes % pound fresh unslaked lime in 1 gallon of 
water. Draw off the clear fluid when thoroughly settled, and add 
to this the other ingredients together with 9 gallons of cold water. 
Directions for Using: Soak the clothes over night, after rubbing 
soft soap on the dirty places. In the morning add y 2 pint of the 
compound, %. pint soft soap and 4 gallons hot water. Boil not 
more than five minutes, and turn into a tub, putting into your 
boiler the same mixture as before. Wring the clothes into this and 
boil again ten minutes, suds them, blue them and hang them out to 
dry. Should the wristbands or parts that are very dirty need a little 
rubbing, it should be done while the mixture is boiling. 

Washing Powder Compound. 

Sal Soda, dried 1 ounce. 

Muriate of Ammonia , powdered 1 " 

Soda Ash 1 pound. 

The ingredients should be well dried before mixing. 

Directions: Put the clothes to soak over night in clear water. 
In the morning put the boiler on the stove half full of cold water, 
dissolve one tablespoonful of the compound in a little water and add 
to the boiler. Stir well. Now put in the clothes and boil twenty 
minutes, then take them out, rub lightly, rinse and hang out to dry, 
and you will be surprised to see how much labor is saved. The 
compound will not injure the clothes, and saves half the labor. 

Wash Bluing. 

Ferrocyanuret of Iron 1 ounce. 

Oxalic Acid % " 

Water, distilled 3 pints. 

Dissolve the iron and acid in a pint of the water, and add the 
remaining 2 pints. This makes a good article of bluing. 

Indigo Wash Bluing. 

Best Bengal Indigo 5 drachms. 

Sulphuric Acid, strong 30 " 

After five days place mixture in a tub and pour on y z gallon boil- 
ing water. 

Flannel Washing. — To wash flannel or flannel garments, 
prepare a good lather in hot water, and when just warm throw in 
your flannel and work it up and down, backward and forward. 
Scrubbing must be avoided, and no soap should be actually 
rubbed on it as this will induce further shrinkage. Rinse in 
warm water, twice if necessary. Never wash or rinse in hot or 
cold water, as either causes the flannel to shrink suddenly. 



694 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Flannels, to Iron. — Most flannels are the better for not 
being ironed, but in some cases it is necessary to do so. The 
proper way is to dry the flannels, then spread them on an ironing 
board, cover them with a slightly damp cloth, and iron over this, 
pressing down heavily. The iron must not be too hot. 

Flannel Blankets, to Wash. — Put the soiled blankets to 
soak for fifteen minutes in plain soft warm water. Prepare a 
soft jelly with first-class laundry soap and boiling water, 1 pound 
of soap for every blanket. Pour this into a tub of warm water, 
let it melt and lather it well with the hand. Wring the 
blankets from the water, throw them into the lather, stir 
them about and leave to soak ten minutes, then hand-rub 
every inch of them paying especial attention to stains. Take 
them out and wring, then rinse in warm water twice. Dry 
well, but do not expose them to great heat. When dry, stretch 
them in every direction, and rub all over with a piece of clean 
rough flannel. This makes them fluffy and soft. If very dirty, 
a little Borax may be added to the water, but no Soda or bleach- 
ing powder should ever be used. 

Blankets, to Cleanse. — Put two large tablespoonfuls of 
Borax and a pint bowl of soft soap into a tub of tepid water. 
When dissolved, put in a pair of blankets and let them remain 
over night. Next day rub and drain them out, rinse thoroughly 
in two waters and hang them up to dry. Do not wring them. 

Blankets, to Cleanse. — Scrape 1 pound of Potash soap, and 
boil it down in sufficient water so that when cooling you can 
beat it with the hand to make a sort of jelly. Add 3 tablespoon- 
fuls Spirits of Turpentine and 1 tablespoonful Spirits of Harts- 
horn, and with this wash the article well, and rinse in cold water 
until all the soap is taken off. Then apply salt and water and 
fold between two sheets, taking care not to allow two folds of 
the article washed to lie together. Smooth with a cool iron. 
Use the salt only where there are delicate colors that may run. 

Gloss for Starch. 

French Chalk 3 ounces. 

White Soap, powdered 1 

Directions: Take a piece of new dry flannel and dip it into the 
glaze powder, rub it well over the right side of the starched article 
and proceed to iron in the usual way, when a beautiful gloss will be 
obtained. Put in a little Borax in making the starch to give stiff- 
ness as usual. 

Gloss for Starch, Another. 

Borax, powdered 1 drachm. 

Spermaceti, powdered 1 

French Chalk, powdered 6 

Mix and sift. 



GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 69$ 

Linen, to Polish. — To each pint of Starch add the following: 

Wax, powdered 2 drachms. 

Soap, powdered 2 

French Chalk, powdered 4 " 

Linen, to Stiffen. — Boil the starch after mixing it cold. 
Into 1 pint of starch drop a bit of White Wax, % the size of a 
small hazlenut, and 1 teaspoonful of Brandy. The Brandy is to 
retain the stiffness and increase it, and the Wax is to keep the 
starch from sticking to the iron. 

Flatirons, to Remove Rust, to Make Smooth. — Pour 
coal oil (kerosene) on a folded newspaper , enough of the oil to 
spread over the paper, and rub the iron over it several times when 
it is taken from the stove. This will also prevent the starch 
from sticking to it. In ironing a starched garment a flatiron 
should not be so hot as for unstarched clothes. 

Beeswax touched to a hot flatiron and the iron then rubbed on 
paper, is also good. 

Scorches, to Remove. — Spread over the cloth a paste made 
of the following: 

White Soap % ounce. 

Fuller's Earth 2 " 

Vinegar y z pint. 

Juice of 2 Onions. 
Mix and boil well before using. 

Towels, to Wash. — Towels with handsome, bright borders 
should never be boiled nor allowed to lie in very hot water. 
They should not be used until they are so much soiled that 
they need vigorous rubbing to make them clean. It is better 
economy to use more towels. 

SILVER, BRASS, ETC., TO CLEAN. 

Silver, to Keep in Good Condition. — Wash in hot 
soapsuds, then clean with a paste of Whiting and Whiskey. 
Polish with buckskin. If silver was always washed in hot suds, 
rinsed well and wiped dry, it would seldom need anything else. 

Silver, Discolored, to Clean. — Silver articles discolored may 

be cleaned by rubbing them with a boiling saturated solution of 

Borax. 

Note. — By "saturated solution of Borax" is meant as much Borax as the 
water will dissolve. But a small quantity of water would be needed. 

Silver, Much Tarnished, to Clean. — Silver which has 
become much tarnished may be restored by immersion in a warm 
solution of 1 part Cyanide of Potassium to 8 parts of water. 
(This mixture is extremely poisonous). After washing well 



6g6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

with water and drying, a somewhat dead white appearance will be 
produced, which may be quickly changed to a brilliant luster by 
polishing with a soft leather and Whiting. 

Brass, to Clean. — There are many substances and mixtures 
which will clean brass. Oxalic Acid, Muriatic Acid, and several 
other acids will clean brass very effectively. Oxalic Acid is the 
best, but any acid must be well washed off, the brass dried 
and then rubbed with Sweet Oil and Tripoli, as otherwise it will 
soon tarnish again. Mixture to clean brass: 

Soft Soap i ounce. 

Rotten Stone 2 " 

Another Method. — With a piece of rag put a coat of Nitric 
Acid over the part to be cleaned. As soon as it turns a light 
yellow, rub it dry and the brass will present a very clean appear- 
ance. If not satisfactory, repeat. 

Another Method. — The Government method, in use at all 
the United States Arsenals, is to make a mixture of 1 part common 
Nitric Acid to X A part Sulphuric Acid, in a stone jar, having also 
ready a pail of fresh water and a box of sawdust. The articles 
to be treated are dipped into the acid, then removed into the 
water, and finally rubbed with sawdust. This immediately 
changes them to a brilliant color. If the brass has become 
greasy, it is first dipped in a strong solution of Potash and Soda 
in warm water, which cuts the grease so that the acid has free 
power to act. 

Fly Specks are also removed by this process. 

Brass Gas Fixtures, to Restore. — Have the water clean and 
boiling in two vessels. Dip in one water and then in the other 
as soon as taken from the Nitric Acid bath (see above), so that 
there shall be no traces of acid on the fittings. Dry in sawdust 
while hot, and place upon a piece of hot sheet iron over a stove. 
As soon as all traces of water have left, quickly lacquer with 
very thin Shellac varnish, using a camel's hair brush. You 
can make the lacquer by dissolving Shellac in best Alcohol. Do 
not touch the metal with the fingers before lacquering. 

Gilt Picture Frames, to Clean. — Fly specks can be cleaned 
off with soap and water used sparingly on the end of the finger cov- 
ered with a piece of rag. When all cleaned off, rinse with cold water 
and dry with chamois leather. Next buy a pound of common 
size and two penny paint pans. Boil a little of the size in one 
of the pans with as much water as will just cover it. When 
boiled, strain through muslin into a clean pan and apply thinly to 
frames with camel hair brush. Take car* not to give the frames 



GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 697 

too much water nor rub them too hard. On no account use gold 
size, as that is used only in regilding, and, if put on over the 
gold, would make it dull and sticky. 

Gilt Frames, to Revive. 

Eggs, White of 2 ounces. 

Lime or Soda, Chloride of 1 " 

Mix well, blow the dust from the frame and apply with a soft 
brush. Remove the paste, when dry, with a soft cloth or chamois skin. 

FURNITURE POLISHES, STAINS, ETC. 

Furniture Polish. 

Acetic Acid 1 ounce. 

Linseed Oil, raw 1 " 

Alcohol, 188 per cent 2 

Turpentine 2 

Shake well before using. 

The polish may be colored, if desired, by adding a little Aniline 
brown. If made in large quantities, keep well stirred while bottling. 

Furniture Stains, Polish for Removing. 

Alcohol, 98 per cent 1 pint. 

Resin, ground l / 2 ounce. 

Gum Shellac i>£ 

After the Resin and Shellac are cut in the Alcohol, mix in 1 pint 
of Linseed Oil and give the whole a good shaking. Apply with a 
cloth or newspaper, and polish with a flannel after applying the 
solution. 

Furniture Polish — Simple and Cheap. — A very nice polish 
may be given to Furniture by using the following: 

White Wax \% ounce*.. 

Castile Soap % " 

Turpentine, Spirits of y z gill. 

Water y 2 " 

Shave the Wax finely into the Turpentine and let stand for twenty- 
four hours; then shave the soap very fine also, boil in the water and 
mix with the Wax and Turpentine. Keep covered when not in use. 
Apply to the whole surface, and polish with a chamois skin or old 
soft silk. 

Furniture, to Fill Cracks and Pores in the Wood. — 

Slack recently burned lime, and take one part of this lime powdered 
finely and two parts Rye Flour, mix into a stiff paste with boiled 
Linseed Oil, fill the cracks and color to suit the shade of 
furniture. 

Patent Knot Filler. 

Shellac, powdered 2 pounds. 

Benzine 2>H pints. 

Dissolve and apply. 



698 PA VORITB MEDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

Waxed or Hardwood Floors, to Polish. 

Beeswax, yellow 1 pound. 

Potash.... y z " 

Boil one hour until well mixed, strain through a cloth, and put on 
with a wide, flat brush while hot. Brush as soon as dry. Have a 
brush made for the purpose — stiff and very heavy, with long handle 
put on the side. Use no oil. Keep the preparation on hand in case 
of any liquid touching and removing the wax. Wipe daily with 
dry flannel. 

Floor Stain. 

Linseed Oil 1 gallon. 

Umber 5 cents worth. 

Heat the oil hot in an iron kettle — soap will clean the kettle easily 
— then stir in the Umber, finely powdered, and with an old paint 
brush apply it as hot as possible. A mop wrung out of warm water 
will clean the floor nicely after being so oiled. 

Cherry Stain. 

Anatto 4 ounces. 

Rain Water 3 quarts. 

Boil in a copper kettle until the Anatto is dissolved, then put in a 
piece of Caustic Potash the size of a walnut and boil gently half an 
hour longer. 

Walnut Stain. — Dissolve 1 part Potassium Permanganate in 
30 parts water, and apply twice in succession. In five minutes 
wash with clear water. 

Ebony Stain. — Take a solution of Sulphate of Iron, wash 
the wood over with it two or three times, let it dry, and 
apply two or three coats of a strong decoction of L,ogwood. 
Wipe the wood when dry with a sponge and water, and polish 
with oil. 

Mahogany Stain. 

Dragon's Blood 8 ounces. 

Benzine 6 pints. 

Dissolve and apply. 

Paint, to Clean. — Provide a nlate with some of the best 
Whiting to be had, and have ready some clean warm water and 
apiece of flannel, which dip into the water and squeeze nearly dry. 
Take as much Whiting as will adhere to the flannel and apply it 
to the painted surface, when a little rubbing will instantly remove 
any dirt or grease. Afterwards wash the part well with clean 
water, rubbing it dry with a soft chamois. Paint thus cleaned 
looks as well as when first laid on, without injury to the most 
delicate colors. It is far better then using soap, and does not 
require more than half the time and labor. 

If the paint has been varnished, boil 1 pound of bran in 1 
gallon of water and wash with that, rinsing off with clear water 
and drying with a soft cloth. 



GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 699 

Paint, to Remove. — Scraping or burning it off is extremely 
laborious, and too slow for general purposes. A more thorough 
and expeditious way is by chemical process, using for that 
purpose a solution of Soda and Quicklime in equal proportions. 
The solution may be made as follows: The Soda is dissolved in 
water, the L,ime is then added, and the solution is applied with a 
brush to the old paint. A few moments are sufficient to remove 
the coats of paint, which may be washed off with hot water. 
The oldest paint may be removed by this paste. The wood 
should afterwards be washed with vinegar or an acid solution 
to remove all traces of the alkali before repainting. 

Oil Cloth, to Clean. — Wash with a large soft woolen cloth 
and lukewarm or cold water, dry thoroughly with a soft cloth, 
and afterwards polish with milk or a weak solution of Beeswax 
in Spirits of Turpentine. Never use a brush, hot water nor soap, 
as any of these will be certain to take off the paint. 

Paint Brushes, Care of. — Rinse all paint brushes, pencils, 
etc., in Turpentine, grease with a mixture of Sweet Oil and 
Tallow to prevent them from drying hard, and put them awav 
in a close box. 

Paint Brushes, to Clean. — When a paint brush is stiff and 
hard through drying with paint on it, put some Turpentine into 
a shallow dish and set it on fire. L,et it burn for a minute until 
hot, then smother the flame and work the pencil in the fingers, 
dipping it frequently into the hot spirits. 

VERMIN EXTERMINATORS. 

Expelling Insects. — All insects dread Pennyroyal; the smell 
of it destroys some and drives others away. At times of the year 
that fresh Pennyroyal cannot be gathered, get Oil of Pennyroyal, 
pour some into a saucer, saturate in it small pieces of wadding or 
raw cotton and place in corners, closet shelves, bureau drawers, 
boxes, etc. Cockroaches, ants and other insects will soon disap- 
pear. It is also well to place some between the mattresses and 
around the bed. It is also a splendid thing for brushing off that 
terrible little insect, the seed tick. 

Moth Exterminator. — It frequently happens that in spite of 
care moths are discovered in the middle of the summer in trunks 
or closets supposed to have been so impregnated with preventives 
that their existence there would be impossible. They hide in 
the crevices, and any attempts to dislodge them are futile. A 
simple and effective plan is to heat stove lids, or an iron shovel, 
red hot, pour vinegar upon the iron and let the fumes penetrate 
the cracks which can not be reached with a powder gun. Moths 



;00 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

are particularly fond of new plaster, and the settling of the walls 
of houses affords them numberless hiding places which cannot 
well be reached except by fumigation. Sulphur is sometimes 
burned to rid walls of any sort of vermin, but the fumes of this 
are objectionable to many and they do not pass off so quickly 
as those of vinegar. 

Bed Bug Exterminator. 

Soft Soap 4 tablespoonfuls. 

Water, hot 13 " 

Oil Turpentine 1 " 

Kerosene 2 " 

Dissolve the soap in the water, add the Turpentine, stir until the 
latter is thoroughly mixed, and finally add the Kerosene, continu- 
ing the heat and stirring until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. 

Wash the parts of the bedstead, let dry, and apply the mixture 
with a brush to all parts frequented by the bugs. The preparation 
may also be painted on walls, etc. 

Bed Bug Exterminator, Another. — Corrosive Sublimate 
cut in Alcohol and applied with a brush to the parts is very 
effective. The Sublimate may be mixed with Turpentine, which 
makes a cheaper but not so effective a preparation. Corrosive 
Sublimate is a deadly poison and should be carefully labeled and 
put out of the reach of children. In applying, too, care must be 
taken not to get any of it into the eyes. 

Cockroach Exterminator. — Mix 2 tablespoonfuls of Red 
Lead and Indian meal with molasses enough to make a thick 
batter, and apply the mixture at night where the insects frequent. 
They will eat it readily and it will poison them. Repeat the dose 
several nights in succession. Care should be exercised in the use 
of this poison. 

Vermin Killer for Rats and Mice. 

Strychnine, Sulphate of %. ounce. 

Sugar, powdered I " 

Wheat Flour 14^ 

Anise, Oil of x / z drachm. 

Aniline, Solution of sufficient quantity. 

Drop the Oil of Anise on the flour and stir thoroughly with the 
other ingredients. Spray with the solution of Aniline, or any other 
coloring desired, before mixing. 

A Novel Rat Trap. — Take a barrel and fill it about one-third 
full of water, then place a log endwise in the water so that one 
end of it will just remain above the surface. Make the head of 
the barrel a little too small to fit, and sustain it by two pins to 
the inside of the top of the barrel, so that it will hang as if on a 
pivot, and easily tip by touching either side. On this head, thus 
suspended, secure a piece of savory meat. The first rat that 



GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 701 

scents it will, to get the meat, leap on the barrel head. The 
head will tip, or tilt, precipitating him into the water, and resume 
its position. The rat in the water will swim to the log, get on 
the end of it and squeal vociferously. His cries will bring other 
rats, all of whom will be tilted into the water, and all of whom 
will fight for the only dry spot — the end of the log. As only 
one rat can hold it, the victor will drown all the rest, and can in 
the morning be drowned himself. 

This is an old French plan which is still followed in Paris by 
men who make that their business; and if the contrivance is 
ingeniously arranged, and the fried pork, or cheese bait, is made 
sufficiently enticing, success will follow. 

Sticky Fly Paper Mixture. 

Yellow Resin 2 pounds. 

Linseed Oil, boiled 2 " 

Castor Oil 1 " 

Molasses % " 

Beeswax.. , yi " 

Melt the Resin and the Beeswax in the oils by the heat from a 

water bath. While still hot, mix in the Molasses and spread on sized 

parchment paper. 

Sizing for Fly Paper. 

Glue % pound. 

Water % 

Dissolve the Glue in the water by the heat of a water bath, and 
while hot brush on to sheets of parchment paper. When the sizing 
has set on the paper, put on the sticky fly paper mixture (see preced- 
ing formula) with a brush, using a metal edge to keep the margin 
of the paper free from the mixture. 

Note. — A Water Bath means one vessel set into another contain- 
ing water, which is placed on a stove and kept hot or boiling. The 
ingredients contained in the inner vessel are thus heated without 
scorching or sticking to the vessel. 

GARDEN AND ORCHARD INSECT ENEMIES. 

To Discover Insects. — If the leaves of a plant turn reddish 
or yellow, or if they curl up, a close inspection will generally 
disclose that the plants are infested with a very small green 
insect, or else with a red spider, either of which must be 
destroyed. For this purpose scald some common tobacco with 
water until the latter is colored to a yellow, and, when cold, 
sprinkle the leaves of the plants with it; or a better plan is to 
pass the stems and leaves of the plant between the fingers, and 
then to shake the plant and water the bed well with the prepara- 
tion immediately afterward. The latter operation destroys a 
large proportion of the insects shaken from the plant, and is the 
only infallible method. 



702 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Ants. — When these insects are troublesome in the garden, 
fill small bottles two- thirds full of water and add Sweet Oil to 
within an inch of the top. Plunge these into the ground near 
the nest or hills to within half an inch of the rim, and the insects 
coming for a sip will get into the oil and perish, as it fills the 
breathing pores. The writer once entrapped in a pantry myriads 
of red ants in a shallow tin cover smeared with lard, the vessel 
having accidentally been left in their track. Another means of 
entrapping them is to sprinkle sugar into a dampened sponge 
and place in their haunts. When they have swarmed through 
the sponge, it is squeezed in hot water and the trap is reset. 

Cabbage Worms. — The same treatment (without using 
Paris Green) will prove effective in destroying the common 
cabbage worm. 

Celery Pest, or Little Negro Bug. — The most effective 
remedy so far discovered is crude Carbolic Acid mixed with 
water, in the proportion of a tablespoonful of the former to 2 gal- 
lons of the latter, and sprinkled over the plants; or mix the acid 
with air-slaked lime or land plaster in the proportion of a teacup- 
ful of the acid to a bushel of the latter, and dust over the plants. 
Watch the young crop closely, and attack the insect with one of 
the above remedies when he first appears. 

Cucumber Beetles, which are often so troublesome, can be 
kept away only by covering the plants with netting. 

Currant Worms. — White Hellebore is an effectual remedy. 
This is a powder of a light greenish yellow color sold in drug 
stores. It should be thoroughly mixed with water in the pro- 
portion of a tablespoonful of the powder to 2 gallons of the 
water, and applied by means of a sprinkler to the leaves. Usually 
one application is sufficient; if not, the second may be made. 

Cut Worm. — A little ring of wood ashes or lime about the 
plants will serve as a protection. By digging close to the roots 
of the plant they have eaten they may be easily found and 
destroyed, and thus prevented from continuing the mischief. 

Cut Worms. — Where cut worms are troublesome in the 
field, a very old and at the same time a very good remedy is to 
entrap them in holes made near the plants; or hills, if in the 
cornfield. An old rake handle, tapered at the end so as to make 
a smooth hole five or six inches deep, or more, will answer very 
well for this purpose. In the morning the worms that have 
taken refuge in these holes may be crushed by thrusting the 
rake handle into them again, and the trap is set for the next 
night. It is always well in planting to make provisions for the 
loss of a stalk or two by cut worms or other causes, as it is easier 
to thin out than to replant. 



GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 703 

May Beetles. — These are the perfect insects of the white 
grub, so destructive to lawns and sometimes to meadows. A 
French plan for destroying, or rather, catching the cockchafer, a 
very similar insect, is to place in the center of the orchard, after 
sunset, an old barrel, the inside of which has been previously 
tarred. At the bottom of the barrel is placed a lighted lamp, and 
the insects, circling around to get at the light, strike their wings 
and legs against the tarred sides of the barrel, and either get fast 
or are rendered so helpless that they fall to the bottom. Hun- 
dreds of beetles may be captured in this way in a single night. 

Onion Maggot. — The use of chimney soot in the drills is the 
best known remedy for this troublesome little creature. Its 
ravages may be known from the dying of the tops. 

Plant Lice. — These are readily destroyed by the use of 
tobacco smoke or tobacco in infusion. Where the roots have 
been attacked by the blue louse — a species of plant lice — water 
them with strong tobacco water. If the remedy is applied in 
season, it will save the plant. 

Plant Lice, Another Remedy. — A remedy for plant lice 
upon the terminal shoots of rose bushes (or similar hardy plants) , 
said to work like a charm, is as follows: Take 4 ounces of 
Quassia chips and boil for ten minutes in a gallon of soft water. 
Take out the chips and add 4 ounces of soft soap, which should 
be dissolved in the water as it cools. Stir well before using, and 
apply with a moderate sized paint brush, brushing upward. Ten 
minutes after, syringe the trees with clean water to wash off the 
dead insects, also the preparation, which would otherwise disfigure 
the rose trees. 

Scale. — A French composition for destroying scale insects, 
plant lice, etc., on fruit and other trees, is as follows: Boil 2 gal- 
lons barley in water, then remove the grain (which may be fed to 
the chickens) and add Quicklime to the liquid until it approaches 
the consistency of paint. When cold, add 2 pounds of Lamp- 
black, mixing it for a long time, then add 1 Y 2 pounds Flowers of 
Sulphur and 1 quart Alcohol. 

The mixture is applied with a paint brush, first using a stiff 
bristle brush to remove moss, etc. It not only destroys the 
insects, but gives the bark greater strength. 

Slugs. — English gardeners place handfuls of bran at intervals 
of eight or ten feet along the border of garden walks. The slugs 
are attracted to the bran, and in the morning each little heap is 
found covered with them. The ground is then gone over again, 
this time the operator providing himself with a dustpan, small 
broom and an empty bucket, when it is an easy matter to 



7<>4 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

sweep up the little heaps and empty them, slugs and all, into the 
bucket. In this way many hundreds have been taken in a single 
walk. If a little salty water is placed in the bottom of the 
bucket, the slugs, coming in contact with it, are almost instantly 
destroyed. 

Squash Bug. — Place clean white shingles on the ground 
around the vines. The insects will be found in the morning 
collected on the under side thereof, and may readily be destroyed. 

Strawberry Slugs may be destroyed by the use of Pyre- 
thrum, either dry or mixed with water. If this fails to remove 
all, the Paris Green mixture will finish them. 

Strawberry Worm. — Dust the leaves of the plant with 
Quicklime when they are damp with dew or rain. 

White Cabbage Butterfly. — This appears in the Northern 
and Middle States about the last of May or beginning of June, 
and deposits its eggs on the under side of the leaves of cabbage, 
turnip and radish plants. These butterflies may easily be caught 
in hand nets, as they fly lazily and are very tame. The second 
brood of the insect (the latter part of July or the first of August) 
may be circumvented by placing horizontal boards about one 
inch from the ground. Upon these the caterpillars will attach 
themselves for their change into the butterfly, and can easily be 
collected and destroyed. 

Precautions to be Adopted in Spraying.— 

i. Keep poison labeled, and out of the way of children. 

2. Do not spray so far into the season as to affect the fruit. 

3. In making emulsions remember the inflammable nature of 
coal oil. 

4. Never spray trees in bloom. 

5. Try solutions on a small scale, if likely to injure foliage, 
and watch results. 

As copper compounds act upon tin and iron, it is well to pre- 
pare such mixtures in earthen, wooden or brass vessels. 

For certain fungi and insects special mixtures must be used. 

Preparations for Spraying. 

No. 1. Copper Sulphate 6 pounds. 

Lime 4 

Water :... 22 gallons. 

Dissolve the Copper Sulphate in 16 gallons of water. Slake the 
Lime in 6 gallons of water and, when the latter is cooled, pour it 
into the Copper solution and mix thoroughly. 



GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 705 

No. 2. Copper Sulphate 1 pound. 

Ammonia 1 pint. 

Water 25 gallons. 

Dissolve the Copper Sulphate in 2 gallons of hot water, and as 
soon as cool add the 1 quart of Ammonia and dilute to 25 gallons. 

The mixture should be sprayed over the infected parts. 

No. 3. The most useful insecticides are those containing, as a basis, 
Paris Green. This substance, being insoluble, does not injure the 
foliage. A good formula is, 1 pound of Paris Green to 200 gallons 
of water. This is very effective against leaf-eating insects. To 
destroy plant lice and scale insects, the following emulsion may 
be used". 

N04. Soft Soap 1 quart. 

Boiling water 2 " 

Mix, and while hot add 1 pint of coal oil. 

"When using, dilute with twice the amount of either hard or soft 
water. 

Apple Tree Borer. — Keep the base of every tree liable to the 
attack of this insect free from weeds and rubbish, and apply soap 
to them liberally during the month of May. Examine the trees 
at the base in the fall, and also in the crotches, and cut out any 
insects which may have entered the bark. 

Canker Worm. — This insect attacks apple and other trees 
and eats the leaves. The female insect is without wings, 
hence has to crawl up the trunk of the tree to deposit her eggs. 
Her passage up is usually very early in the spring. The remedy 
is to put a cloth band besmeared with tar, or a mixture of tar and 
molasses, about the trunk of the trees near the ground to prevent 
her passage, and apply kerosene oil to the bark of the tree below 
the strip to kill the eggs deposited there. 

Grape Black-Rot. — Spray with Preparation "No. 2" six 
times at intervals of two weeks, commencing early in May. 

Grubs. — These attack apple and peach trees, and may be 
destroyed by the method recommended for the apple tree borer. 
However, as they attack all parts of the tree, the examination and 
soft-soapings should be correspondingly extensive. 

Pear-Leaf Blight, which appears on both leaves and fruit, 
giving the leaves a spotted appearance and causing the fruit to 
crack. Spray with " No. 2 " as soon as the leaves begin to open, 
and repeat two or three times at intervals of two weeks. 



45 



Addenda. 



A CHAPTER ON MEDICINES— THEIR EFFECTS 

AND USES. 



By Samuel J.Wilson, M. D. 

In giving treatment for the various diseases in this work, such 
remedies have been prescribed as are usually kept, and such 
methods recommended as may be easily and quickly applied. The 
object in presenting this chapter on medicines is to give such 
a clear description of the actions and symptoms produced by the 
use of the various drugs, that those who study it will not 
only understand the remedy needed in any given case, but will 
understand its effects so well that the most favorable results may 
be obtained. While no attempt has been made to describe all of 
the remedies mentioned, enough of the better known and more 
valuable are given to meet the requirements in nearly all cases. 

No other family medical book has ever contained a chapter of 
this kind. It will not only prove interesting and instructive, but 
decidedly valuable to those who will familiarize themselves with 
it. 

The older methods of preparing drugs consisted in using the 
whole plant, root, leaf or stem, either steeped and made into a 
tea, or ground and added to a quantity of alcohol and water, 
molasses and Holland gin, or some other menstruum. In most 
cases such preparations necessitated a large dose, which was 
extremely unpleasant and often nauseating. L,ater it was dis- 
covered that every vegetable used in medicine contains a small 
amount of active pti?taple, upon which depends its effects. In 
most cases such active principle is without taste. Again, a dose 
of the active principle is exceedingly small, and always definite 
because it can be divided into exact amounts; while in the case 
of the older remedies, the dose varies for the reason that the per- 
centage of the active principle varies in different specimens of 
the same drug, and for the further reason that the mode of prepa- 
ration may or may not have extracted all of such active ingredient. 
It • is true that what are called ' ' standardized ' ' tinctures and 
fluid extracts are now made which contain definite amounts of 
the active principle mentioned, but they also contain a large 

706 



MBDICINBS. 707 

amount of extractive matter, which is quite as unpleasant to the 
taste as the older and cruder preparations. This extractive 
matter is waste material, which is not only worthless and unpleas- 
ant to the taste, but is often irritating to the stomach. 

Another objection of equal importance is the fact that in using 
many of the preparations of extracts, powders, pills, etc., where 
the whole drug is employed, the fluids of the stomach, and per- 
haps those of the digestive tract, must perform a certain amount 
of chemical work in order to extract the active principle before 
it can take effect. Still another important feature — perhaps the 
most important of all — is found in the fact that many medicinal 
plants contain more than one active principle, and these principles 
often produce effects directly opposite to each other. Hence it 
follows that since an active ingredient can be selected in its pure 
state, it possesses marked advantages over all other forms of drug 
medication. 

What we have called active principles are more properly called 
alkaloids; they are also sometimes called conce?itrations. The 
difference between an active principle and a concentration lies 
in the fact that an active principle, or alkaloid, is a substance 
possessed of definite chemical composition in an absolutely pure 
state, and of definite and unvarying effect; whereas concentra- 
tions include everything contained in the drug that is possessed 
of any activity, and from which the inactive constituents or waste 
material has been excluded to such an extent as to make the 
concentration more active and powerful than other preparations 
of the drug where the whole plant is used, but at the same time 
much less active than the alkaloids. As an illustration of the 
difference between an alkaloid and a concentration, we may state 
that the alkaloid of Coca leaves is Cocaine, whereas the concen- 
tration of Coca leaves would contain not only the Cocaine, but 
also other secondary substances, as the resin and tannin con- 
tained in the leaves. Hence it will be readily understood that the 
administration of equal weights of the alkaloid Cocaine and the 
concentration of Coca leaves would be attended with quite diffe- 
ren results, because the Cocaine in its pure state would be much 
stronger than the concentration with its resin, tannin, etc.; yet 
the Cocaine represents the medicinal quality of Coca leaves. The 
same principle is true in many other cases, — in all cases, in fact, 
where the active principle or alkaloid represents all of the medi- 
cinal qualities of the drug. As already stated, some medicinal 
plants contain more than one active principle or alkaloid. In such 
cases it is understood, of course, that no single active principle 
would represent the whole drug. 

The drugs given in the following list are fully represented by 
their active principles: 



;o8 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Aconite. — One grain of Aconitine, the active principle, is 
equal to 350 grains of Aconite root or 350 drops of the fluid 
extract of Aconite root. 

Aconitine, the active principle of Aconite, occurs in two forms: 
One is called the Amorphics, and the other, the Crystalline. The 
Crystalline is four times stronger than the Amorphus. A dose of 
the Amorphus is T Jo of a grain, while a dose of the Crystalline is 
rfo of a grain. 

Blood Root. — One grain of Sanguinarine , the active prin- 
ciple, is equal to 40 grains of Blood Root, or 40 drops of the fluid 
extract of Blood Root. 

Colchicum. — One grain of Colchicine, the active principle, is 
equal to 200 grains of Colchicum seed or root, or 200 drops of 
the fluid extract of Colchicum seed or root. 

Gelsemium. — One grain of Gelsemi?ie, the active principle, is 
equal to 200 grains of Gelsemium, or 200 drops of the fluid 
extract of Gelsemium. 

Hyoscyamus. — One grain of Hyoscyamine, the active prin- 
ciple, is equal to 1,000 grains of Hyoscyamus, or 1,000 grains of 
the fluid extract of Hyoscyamus. The action of Hyoscyamus is 
the same as that of Belladonna. 

Phytolacca, or Poke Root. — One grain of Phytolaccine (this 
is a concentration) represents 8 grains of Poke Root, or 8 drops 
of the fluid extract of Poke Root. 

Pomegranate. — One grain of Pelletierine, the active prin- 
ciple, represents 30 grains of Pomegranate, or 30 drops of the 
fluid extract of Pomegranate bark. Pomegranate bark is a popu- 
lar remedy for tapeworm. 

Aletrus, Star Grass or Unicorn Root — a uterine tonic — Aloes, 
Belladonna, Bryonia, Buchu, Capsicum, Coffee — Coffee contains 
Caffeine, a heart-stimulant — Chocolate — Chocolate contains Theo- 
bromine, a heart tonic — Golden Seal, Helonias, Hemlock, Indian 
Hemp, Jalap, Lobelia, Black Snake Root, Mandrake, Nux Vomica, 
Quassia, Squills, Strop hanthus , Black Haw, Tea — Tea contains 
Thein, a heart stimulant — Viburnum — a uterine sedative and 
antispasmodic — Veratrum, Willow Bark, Wormseed, and many 
other drugs, are fully represented by their active principles. 

Note. — Tea and coffee, when used to excess, produce nervousness, 
sleeplessness, irregular heart action, indigestion and loss of appetite. 

The foregoing is called alkaloidal medication. There are 
some who object to this system, claiming that the alkaloids 
are dangerous medicines because they are so powerful; yet the 
doctor who objects to alkaloids in known quantities still uses 
infusions, tinctures, fluid extracts and other preparations, each of 



MBDICINBS. 



709 



which contains one or more of these same alkaloids in unknown 
quantities. A doctor cannot take a bottle of the Tincture of Aco- 
nite from the shelf and state exactly how much of the Aconitine, 
or active principle, is contained in a single dose, for, as stated at 
the beginning, the percentage of the active principle varies in tinc- 
tures and other preparations made from the entire drug. 

Again, we have known some physicians to object to alkaloids 
because they are given in such small doses. They claim that it 
borders on homeopathy; yet from what has already been stated it 
will be readily understood that this claim is without foundation. 
We have also heard it argued against the active principles that 
those using them should understand their physiological effects, 
z. e., the symptoms present when the system is being brought 
under the influence of the drug, as this would prevent giving too 
much; but this is equally true in using a drug in any form. It is 
also important because it is well known that some require larger 
doses than others, hence a minimum dose might be altogether too 
small in one case and a maximum dose altogether too large in 
another case. The only safe way is to give a minimum dose a?id 
repeat at frequent intervals until there is evidence of effect. Such 
evidence should not only be understood by the doctor, but should 
be explained to the patient or those in attendance. This not only 
insures safe dosage, but also insures the exact amount needed in 
each case. There are no exceptions to this rule. 

In the following list of medicines no particular form or 
preparation has been selected. Those using the remedies can 
choose the infusion, tincture, fluid extract, pill, powder or 
active principle, although we might state that pills should not be 
given to a patient with a high fever, nor much medicine to one in 
a comatose state. During fever the mucous membrane of the 
stomach, like that of the mouth, may be dry, in which case the 
pills might not be dissolved; while the drowsy condition of the 
comatose state might prevent absorption until a number of doses 
had been taken, when improvement in the patient's condition 
might result in all being absorbed at one time, and might thus 
produce dangerous results. 

What we have termed the "physiological effect," is a com- 
mon term among physicians, but we shall substitute the word 
"symptom," meaning some evidence that a smaller dose should 
be given, or the same dose given at longer intervals. Following 
each drug we shall first state the symptoms of its effects, and 
second, its uses. 

ACONITE— Aconitine. 

Symptoms of Its Effects. — If a dose of Aconite in any form is 
taken on the tongue and allowed to remain there, there will soon 
be felt a tingling sensation of the lips, tongue and throat; if it 



710 FA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 

is taken into the stomach and continued until effect, there will be 
felt the same tingling sensation in the hands and fingers, feet and 
toes, lips and face, and later a tingling or prickly sensation over 
the whole body. With the tingling, or following it, there is a 
sense of numbness produced. With the first evidence of this kind 
the dose should be lessened, or when perspiration follows its use, 
the dose should be lessened or stopped. With children who are 
unable to explain the symptoms, the remedy should be lessened 
or stopped when the temperature is lowered or when perspiration 
is produced. If a child has a high fever and is restless, nervous 
or delirious, the remedy should be discontinued when these 
conditions are overcome. 

Aconite produces its first effects upon the distal or outer end 
of the nerve fibers, hence the tingling mentioned. This paralyzes 
more or less the terminal fibers and they lose control. Those 
nerve fibers supplying the small blood vessels are unable to 
govern the size of the arteries, and the arteries dilate. It 
will be remembered that lying just beneath the skin is a 
large network of small vessels covering the whole outer 
surface of the body. When these vessels dilate, a large amount 
of blood is brought to the surface, spread out in a wide 
sheet of superficial circulation, and then returned to absorb more 
heat from the internal organs. The sweat glands become relaxed, 
perspiration follows, and by this process of evaporation and elim- 
ination the temperature is lowered. 

The Use of Aconite in Fevers. — The most important use of 
Aconite is to relieve fevered conditions. During fever the skin is 
dry and hot, the urine is scanty, the bowels are constipated, and 
the tongue is dry and often heavily coated. By giving small doses 
of Aconite, frequently repeated, the skin is soon covered with 
perspiration, the quantity of urine is increased, the bowels become 
more active and the tongue more moist; thirst is also overcome. 
By closely observing the tongue of a fevered patient one is often 
able to judge of the progress of Aconite. So long as the tongue 
remains dry, but little progress has been made upon the general 
secretions; when the tongue and throat become moist, general 
improvement soon follows. 

In the use of Aconite it is unimportant concerning the kind of 
fever for which it is used, or the conditions which produce the 
fever. It is understood, of course, that the greatest benefit is to 
be derived in acute attacks, such as pneumonia and the eruptive 
fevers. While it is always easy to detect the presence of fever, 
it is not always easy to detect the cause, especially at the begin- 
ning; yet Aconite may be given without waiting for a positive 
diagnosis. True, fever is only a symptom, yet Aconite may 
relieve the congested and inflamed organ or part, and thus abort 



MEDICINES. 



711 



the general storm which is gathering in the distance. Draining 
the blood from the congested area may prevent inflammation and 
thus ward off approaching disease. In many cases Aconite may 
be the only remedy needed besides thorough elimination of the 
bowels. 

In Catarrhal Conditions. — Sometimes following measles the 
mucous membrane lining the air tubes presents a catarrhal 
condition, the exudate being unhealthy and irritating and 
accompanied by a chronic cough. Aconite is of value because 
it increases the eliminations and thins the tenacious mucus which 
clogs the small bronchial tubes, thus facilitating its removal. 
Ipecac will produce the same results and give the same benefit. 
For this particular purpose Ipecac is the better remedy for those 
who are physically weak or debilitated. 

Aconite produces the same effect on all mucous membrane as 
that of the bronchial tubes, hence may be used in catarrhal 
conditions of the nasal passages, kidneys, stomach and digestive 
tract, and especially if fever is present. Aconite not only 
produces the local effect mentioned, but also aids by relieving 
congestion and thus removing the cause. 

Other Uses. — Aconite is valuable in congestive headache, 
neuralgia, singing noises in the ears due to congestion, in 
tonsilitis and catarrhal sore throat. 

Is Aconite a Dangerous Remedy? — We are aware that some 
physicians claim that Aconite is dangerous, but the great safe- 
guard in using Aconite, or any other remedy, is to note the 
symptoms of improvement and then gradually or entirely stop 
giving it. If the patient has been restless or delirious and 
becomes quiet, if thirst disappears, if the dry tongue and dry 
throat become moist, or if perspiration follows its use, the remedy 
should be lessened. In dilating the small vessels and bringing the 
blood to the surface, as already described, it follows that less 
blood is contained in the internal organs and that the heart has 
less work to do. It has been stated before that Nature never 
carries on any work without a purpose, and if the amount of 
blood in the heart is decreased, the action of this organ will be 
lessened in proportion. It is in this way that Aconite lessens 
heart action, and not because it has any paralyzing effects upon 
the organ directly. Aconite is not recommended, however, for 
those with a weak heart. We have used Aconite for many years 
in treating fevers, congestion and inflammation. If used accord- 
ing to directions, the remedy is perfectly safe for young and old, 
and will be found valuable in relieving many diseased conditions. 

Dose. — Add 8 drops of the Tincture of Aconite to 4 table- 
spoonfuls of water, and give 1 teaspoonful of the solution every 
thirty minutes or every hour at the beginning; or about yfa of a 



712 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

grain of its active principle, Aconitine Amorphus; or -g^g- of a 
grain of Crystallized Aconitine. Either of the active principles 
may be taken in tablet form or in solution. 

There are cases where Aconite, or any other remedy taken 
into the stomach, may produce vomiting. These cases are not 
evidence that the remedy does not agree with the patient, or that 
he may not be benefited by its use. It is evidence of disordered 
digestion, and the system rebels on general principles. 

ALOES— Aloin. 

Aloes is fully represented by its active principle, Aloin — in 
fact, Aloin is believed to produce more favorable results than 
when the whole drug is used. Aloes increases the circulation in 
the pelvic cavity, hence has a stimulating effect upon the uterus, 
and its use should, therefore, be carefully guarded, or restricted 
entirely, during pregnancy. 

Effects and Uses. — The effects of this drug are mostly noticed 
upon the lower part of the digestive tract, and during constipa- 
tion here is where the trouble usually exists. Aloes or Aloin is a 
tonic laxative, and its prolonged use does not diminish its activity. 
It is certain and mild in its effects, though not rapid, requiring 
from ten to twelve hours. It is usually given with other laxatives, 
and is one of the principal ingredients in the various forms of 
cathartic pills. 

Larger doses can be given in solution than in pill form, but 
by reason of its bitter taste it is usually given in pills or tablets, 
and, as stated, is usually compounded with other remedies. 
What has proven the most satisfactory, hence a very popular 
combination, is the well known Aloin-Strychnine-Belladonna pills. 

ANTISEPTIC REMEDIES. 

An antiseptic is any agent or remedy that prevents putrefac- 
tive changes. Putrefactive changes can occur only in dead 
animal and vegetable matter, and then only under certain con- 
ditions of heat and moisture. There is also required a ferment to 
produce the change. Antiseptics act either directly upon the 
ferments, destroying and weakening them so as to prevent their 
action and development, or by forming in the substance undergo- 
ing decomposition such changes or compounds that the ferments 
produce no effect. Destructive changes going on in the lungs, 
liver, kidneys and other internal organs in the living subject, can- 
not always be reached with antiseptics, hence cannot always be 
checked; but external wounds and the digestive tract can be pro- 
tected with much certainty. Carbolic Acid, Corrosive Sublimate \ 
Iodine, Salicylic Acid, Boric Acid, Salol and the Sulphocarbolates 
are examples of antiseptics that are used internally; while 



MEDICINES. 713 

Carbolic Acid, Permayiganate of Potash, Chloride of Zinc, Corrosive 
Sublimate and Chromic Acid are examples of antiseptics that are 
used externally. 

ANTISEPTICS FOR THE DIGESTIVE TRACT. 

There are many preparations used for this purpose. Some of 
them have been mentioned under the various diseases. We shall 
not attempt to enumerate all, but shall describe the two we 
believe to be the most valuable. These are Salol and the Sulpho- 
carbolates. The Sulphocarbolates are the better of the two in 
the digestive tract. For this purpose they are undoubtedly the 
best antiseptics known. 

Salol. — Salol is composed, in round numbers, of 64 per cent 
Salicylic Acid and 36 per cent Carbolic Acid. When taken 
internally, this combination is not broken up in the stomach, but 
upon entering the digestive tract below the stomach and coming 
in contact with the alkaline secretions, the Salicylic Acid and 
Carbolic Acid are separated. The separation takes place slowly, 
however, and this allows the antiseptic properties of the two acids 
to extend for some distance along the canal; just how far would 
depend upon the condition present. If constipation existed, their 
influence would not extend so far; on the other hand if the 
bowels were active, their antiseptic influence would extend much 
farther. The Carbolic Acid readily enters the circulation as a 
free agent, and is said to be eliminated as such; the Salicylic 
Acid combines with the soda salts present in the digestive tract 
and enters the circulation as Salicylate of Soda, after which it 
is separated from the Soda, and, like the Carbolic Acid, circulates 
in the blood as a free agent. Both the Carbolic and Salicylic 
Acid are eliminated by the kidneys, hence in large doses may 
irritate these organs. 

Dose. — The dose in an ordinary case of constipation or 
unhealthy state of the digestive tract is 10 grains every four 
hours, or four times a day; in case of threatened typhoid fever 
and other serious conditions, 10 grains every two hours until 
improvement, then three or four times a day. 

The Sulphocarbolates. — The Sulphocarbolates are com- 
posed of Sulphuric Acid, Carbolic Acid and a base of Soda, L,ime 
or Zinc. The three bases are frequently combined together under 
the name of Sulphocarbolates. In round numbers the Sulpho- 
carbolate of Soda contains 34 per cent Sulphuric Acid, 39 per cent 
Carbolic Acid and 27 per cent Soda; the Sulphocarbolate of Lime 
contains 31 per cent Sulphuric Acid, 37 per cent Carbolic Acid 
and 32 per cent Lime; the Sulphocarbolate of Zinc contains 29 



7 i4 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

per cent Sulphuric Acid, 33 per cent Carbolic Acid and 38 per 
cent Zinc. Practically, they all contain about 33 Yz per cent of each 
ingredient. 

When the ingredients forming the Sulphocarbolates are separ- 
ated in the digestive tract, the Sulphuric Acid unites with the 
soda and other salts present. The Carbolic Acid has less tendency 
to unite, and enters the circulation more readily, as stated under 
Salol. The reason is that the so-called Carbolic Acid is not an 
acid. It gives neither acid nor alkaline reaction to litmus paper; 
in this respect it is neutral. It has, however, the power to com- 
bine with a base and form salts, but has less tendency to do so 
than a true acid. 

The Soda, I^ime and Zinc aid in arresting putrefactive changes 
in the digestive tract. They aid in neutralizing the gases which 
have resulted from such changes, and thus relieve many painful 
colicky conditions of the stomach and bowels. They aid in 
relieving tympanitis, or bloating. They are absorbed into the 
circulation less readily, hence extend for a greater distance along 
the canal, and thus aid materially in producing antiseptic results; 
in other words, they aid in producing wholesome or normal 
conditions. The L,ime is not absorbed, but passes off with the 
eliminations. This is also true of the Zinc, hence the influence 
of either is more certain in producing alimentary sanitation. 

In the Sulphocarbolates the Carbolic Acid is the same as in 
the Salol, the Salicylic Acid in the Salol is replaced by the 
Sulphuric Acid, and there is still left the Soda, I,ime and Zinc, 
which Salol does not contain; and as these aid in arresting putre- 
factive changes, we believe the Sulphocarbolates are the more 
valuable. The Salol is not soluble in water, is without taste, 
and the compound is not separated in the stomach. The Sul- 
phocarbolates dissolve readily, and in some cases the patient 
prefers to take them in solution; whether taken in solution or 
tablet form, their effects are the same. The separation of the 
Sulphocarbolates in the stomach is not without its advantage, for 
the stomach is often unhealthy as well as the digestive tract, and 
the Sulphocarbolates produce the same purifying effects here as 
elsewhere. 

Intestinal antisepsis is no longer a theory, but a demonstrated 
fact. This is admitted by physicians generally, and our own 
experience proves it true. The importance of such sanitation 
cannot be overestimated, for most diseases have their origin in the 
alimentary canal, and are the result of indigestion and constipa- 
tion, which usually exist together. Antiseptics will not aid diges- 
tion directly, yet they will check the putrefactive changes due to 
constipation, maintain cleanliness, protect the system from many 



MEDICINES. 715 

impurities and poisons, and allow the digestive organs to regain 
their normal condition. Thus they aid digestion indirectly, and 
at the same time ward off disease. 

Drinking considerable quantities of water every day will also 
aid in maintaining a healthy condition. The benefits resulting 
from drinking mineral waters, or from the various water cures, 
are not due to any virtues in the water, but to the large amounts the 
patient is required to drink each day. This increases the fluid in 
the digestive tract, flushes the capillaries or small blood vessels 
throughout the system, and washes away many impurities, which 
are eliminated by the increased action of all of the eliminative 
organs — the digestive tract, kidneys, lungs and skin. This pro- 
cess of elimination explains why the constant use of mineral 
waters are of benefit in relieving corpulency. 

In the treatment of diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles and other 
infectious diseases, intestinal antiseptics are of the greatest 
importance. Carbolic Acid is admitted to be the best known 
remedy in the treatment of diphtheria. Carbolic Acid or some 
other antiseptic is contained in all antitoxines. In treating 
diphtheria Carbolic Acid is now quite generally used in solution 
with clear water and injected under the skin, instead of injecting 
antitoxine, yet there is probably no better way of giving it than 
in combination with the Sulphocarbolates. In giving it in this 
way the patient not only receives the benefit of the Carbolic Acid, 
but also receives the other benefits described. In giving the 
treatment of diphtheria it was omitted to mention that the Sulpho- 
carbolates should be given throughout the disease. 

All of the bowel diseases, including typhoid fever, result from 
an unhealthy condition of the digestive tract. Congestion or 
inflammation of the liver, liver abscess, cancer, consumption, 
epilepsy, ulcer of the stomach and rheumatism also result from 
the same cause. Many cases both of Bright' s disease and 
chronic inflammation of the spinal cord followed by paralysis are 
due to the same unhealthy condition. Many other important 
diseases could also be mentioned, to say nothing of the innumer- 
able minor ailments, such as bad breath, coated tongue, headache, 
dizziness, palpitation, heartburn, mental stupor, nausea, vomiting, 
also jaundice, cholera morbus, cholera infantum, neuralgia, and 
the many emotional states known as nervousness, hysteria and 
other depressions and hallucinations. An unhealthy digestive 
tract may weave a web of disorders that will baffle human skill. 

We are aware that we have carried the results to a consider- 
able extent, but we have made a careful study of this question 
for many years and are confident that we speak the truth 

Dose. — The same as given under Saloi,. 



;i6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

ARSENIC. 

Arsenic is one of the most valuable remedies in the whole 
list of medicines. It increases tissue change throughout the 
body and thus improves nutrition. It is also a powerful anti- 
septic. One grain, or part, will protect nearly seven thousand 
times its weight of tissue from degenerative or putrefactive 
changes. In many forms of indigestion, and in all forms of 
wasting or malignant disease, Arsenic is a valuable remedy. 

Symptoms of Its Effects. — The first symptom of the effect of 
moderate doses of Arsenic is a little puffiness of the eyelids, or 
just beneath the eyes, followed by colicky pains and frequent 
elimination by the bowels. Some claim that when it is given 
it should be pushed until these symptoms appear. In our 
experience we have never found it necessary to give the remedy 
in such amounts, yet the results have always been most satisfac- 
tory. After entering the stomach and digestive tract Arsenic 
enters the circulation and is eliminated largely through the skin, 
hence is brought in intimate relation, not only with the various 
organs and tissues of the body, but with the individual cells 
constituting such organs and tissues. This process of elimination 
gives increased activity to every cell in the body. Such activity 
increases the strength and vitality of the individual cells and 
organs the same as physical exercise increases the strength and 
vitality of the whole body. 

The first effect oi Arsenic is upon the mucous membrane of the 
stomach and digestive tract. It increases the flow of the digestive 
ferments, and thus aids digestion and improves the appetite. For 
the same reason it will in many cases quiet any painful conditions 
of the stomach and bowels resulting from indigestion. Arsenic 
not only aids digestion, thus rendering the food elements 
appropriate for absorption, but by reason of its mode of elimina- 
tion it increases tissue change throughout the whole body, thus 
improving nutrition and assimilation; and at the same time, 
as stated, it arrests putrefactive changes and checks morbid or 
diseased conditions. 

It should be remembered that Arsenic produces the same 
nutritive changes in the nervous system as in other tissues, and 
perhaps herein lies its greatest power. The nervous system is 
the foundation upon which life and strength depend; to ren- 
der it strong and active is to render the body strong and 
vigorous. This means increased vitality and freedom from dis- 
ease. Every tissue, organ and muscle, and each individual cell 
in the body, is capable only in proportion to its nerve supply; 
hence to increase this supply is to increase vital force and physical 
power. Increase the strength of the fluid in the battery and you 
increase the power of the electric current; improve the nutrition 



MEDICINES. 717 

of the nervous system and you increase the power and vital force 
of the individual. For the reasons enumerated, we believe that 
Arsenic stands at the head of the list as a reconstructive agent, 
meaning, of course, only those agents supplied by artificial 
means. 

Uses of Arsenic. — The effect of Arsenic on the mucous mem- 
brane of the air passages is second only to its effect on the mucous 
membrane of the stomach and digestive tract, hence it is a valu- 
able remedy in pneumonia, bronchial catarrh or chronic bron- 
chitis, and in consumption. It is useful in catarrhal conditions 
of the stomach and bowels, in ulcer or cancer of the stomach, 
in heartburn, in the vomiting of drunkards, in constipation, and 
in chlorosis and other wasting diseases. It is of benefit in neural- 
gia, rheumatism, gout, asthma, hay fever and St. Vitus' s dance. 
It is recommended in many forms of heart disease, including angina 
pectoris, or neuralgia of the heart. It is not recommended for 
the relief of an acute attack of pain in the last named disease, but 
its use should be continued between the attacks for some time. 
While its influence may not be so direct, its general effects 
are of far greater importance. This is true not only in 
diseases of the heart, but in all other disease and conditions for 
which it may be taken. We have stated that Arsenic is elimi- 
nated through the skin, therefore it should not be used in acute 
inflammatory skin diseases, but is beneficial in chronic forms. 

Dose. — Its most common form of administration is Fowler's 
Solution, which contains one per cent of Arsenic. A dose of the 
Solution is from 3 to 5 drops, which is best given at meal time. 
It may also be given in tablet form, or is frequently combined with 
other remedies. Of these the Arseniate of Iron and Strychnine 
Arseniate are the most commonly used. 

BELLADONNA— Atropine. 

In whatever form Belladonna is used it is entirely dependent 
upon its single active principle, Atropine. 

Symptoms of its Effects. — Dryness of the mouth and throat, a 
red flush of the skin, perhaps first noticed on the face and chest, 
and dilatation of the pupil of the eye. With children the symptoms 
may be noticed by the flush or by the dilatation of the pupil. It 
dries up the secretions of the breasts, therefore should not be 
given to those nursing infants. 

Belladonna increases the heart action, increases respiration, 
dilates all the small vessels, thus bringing the blood to the surface 
and producing the flush mentioned, dilates the pupil of the eye, 
relieves or prevents spasmodic action of the involuntary muscles, 
i. e., those not under the control of the will, or the muscles of the 
internal organs, and dries up the secretions of the body except 



;i8 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

those of the kidneys and the digestive tract. The effect upon the 
blood vessels and pupil of the eye is due to the paralyzing action 
of the drug on the terminal or outer end of the nerve fibers, which 
allows the arteries and the pupil to dilate. Regarding the secretions, 
it should be remembered that every gland that aids in furnishing 
these secretions is lined with a layer of cells which have terminat- 
ing in them a nerve fiber, and when the drug paralyzes these 
terminal fibers, the secreting cells of the various glands fail to 
act. This is what makes the mouth and throat dry. Perspira- 
tion, or elimination by the skin, is checked in the same manner. 

Uses of Belladonna. — Belladonna is one of the best remedies in 
coryza, or cold in the head, where there is considerable discharge 
from the eyes and nasal cavities. Such catarrhal discharge may 
be promptly checked by the action of Belladonna or its active 
principle, Atropine. It will check tyalism, or an increased flow 
of saliva. In many cases it will relieve the muscular spasm 
present in asthma. Its antispasmodic action renders it a valuable 
remedy in whooping cough. In capillary bronchitis (usually an 
affection of children), where the air cells and small tubes are 
being filled with the products of a catarrhal inflammation, and 
where suffocation may follow if relief is not had, Belladonna, or 
Atropine, is one of the safest and surest remedies to check the 
secretions and relieve the condition. It is especially valuable in 
these diseases in children since a child can take proportionately 
a larger dose than an adult. The catarrhal cough that follows 
measles may often be relieved by the use of Belladonna or Atro- 
pine, because this remedy dries the secretions and thus relieves 
the irritation. 

Again, it is not a depressant, but a stimulant in its general 
effects. It not only checks the catarrhal condition present in the 
bronchial tubes, but it relieves the lungs of their congested con- 
dition by dilating the small vessels elsewhere and allowing the 
blood to drain away from them. Belladonna, or Atropine, is 
valuable in relieving any organ or part of congestion or inflamma- 
tion. True, it does not produce sweating nor lower temperature, 
like Aconite, but it is a powerful remedy in these conditions; 
hence may be used not only in capillary bronchitis, as mentioned, 
but in the early stages of pneumonia, and other forms of 
inflammation from any cause, in inflammation of the middle 
ear, in tonsilitis and catarrhal sore throat. It is one of 
the best remedies to check night sweats in the latter stages of 
consumption, or when resulting from any other cause; it is valu- 
able in collapse where the surface is pale and cold; by its power 
to bring the blood to the surface it is one of the best remedies in 
congestive chills; it aids in relieving colic by checking spasmodic 
muscular action; it may relieve torticolis, or wry neck; it is valu- 



MEDICINES. 719 

able in incontinence of children, because it is eliminated by the 
kidneys and relieves sensitiveness and spasmodic, or uncontroll- 
able, action of the bladder; it is valuable in relieving the pain in 
dysmenorrhea, also in relieving ovarian pain. By its power to 
dilate the pupil of the eye it prevents adhesions in iritis, or 
inflammation of the iris. For this purpose it is best to use it 
locally. It is valuable in nose bleed, in hemorrhage from any 
cause, especially post partum, following confinement, or dangerous 
hemorrage during typhoid fever. It checks hemorrhage the same 
as it relieves inflammation, — by dilating the small vessels else- 
where and allowing the blood to drain away. It increases the action 
of the bowels and prevents pain. It is a physiological antidote 
for Opium, though it is not usually depended upon to any great 
extent in treating Opium poisoning; it is also an antidote for 
tyalism produced by too much Calomel. It is the best remedy to 
check the increased flow of all the secretions of the body follow- 
ing a large dose of Pilocarpine. Pilocarpine has been recom- 
mended as as important remedy in the treatment of ursemic 
poisoning or ursemic convulsions, especially those present during 
confinement; but the action of Pilocarpine is weakening, and the 
profuse perspiration that follows leaves the surface cold and 
chilly. Belladonna, or Atropine, checks the secretions, brings the 
blood to the surface and stimulates the patient. For the same 
reason it is par excellent in the treatment of cholera infantum or 
cholera morbus. It is the best remedy to dry up the secretions 
of the breasts, for which purpose some wet a thin cloth or thin 
layer of cotton with Belladonna liniment and lay over the breasts. 
Twelve grains of Atropine, the active principle of Belladonna, 
dissolved in four ounces of water, may be used in place of the 
Belladonna liniment. 

Dose — A dose of the tincture of Belladonna is from 5 to 10 
drops; of the fluid extract, 1 drop; of Atropine, -^\-§ of a grain 
every thirty minutes or one hour until effect. Any of these 
forms of dosage may be increased, if necessary, or under the 
doctor's direction. 

THE BROMIDES. 

The effect of the Bromides is much the same as that of 
Chloral, hence their most important therapeutic application is in 
the treatment of cerebral disorders, i. e. , where the brain is too 
active. In hypnotic power, or the power to relieve nervous 
conditions and produce sleep, Bromide of Lithium is said to be of 
first importance, Bromide of Soda second, and Bromide of Potash 
third, although the Bromide of Potash is the one most commonly 
used. The Bromides are useful in night terrors, convulsions, 



720 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

nervous headache, nervousness, sleeplessness, whooping cough, 
change of life, St. Vitus' s dance, epilepsy, delirium tremens and 
acute mania. 

Dose. — From 20 to 40 grains. This dose, or half the amount, 
may be repeated in two to four hours, if needed. 

CASCARA SAGRADA. 

Cascara Sagrada is as nearly a specific for chronic constipation 
as any medicine can be for any disease. It relieves constipation 
indirectly by restoring the tone of the digestive tract. It is one of 
the most important and best known of the newer remedies. Its 
use is not attended with the unpleasant after-effects which follow 
the employment of cathartics, neither does it cause griping nor any 
unpleasant symptoms. It is a mild tonic laxative, not an active 
cathartic, therefore should not be given in large doses, but in 
small and regularly repeated doses. It may be used in all forms 
of chronic constipation to relieve this condition, which often 
means the prevention of headache, neuralgia, rheumatism, typhoid 
fever, and many other diseases both acute and chronic. In case 
of hemorrhoids, which are usually due to obstructions in the 
digestive tract, it is superior to most remedies. Generally speak- 
ing, cathartics increase this trouble by their irritating effects; 
Cascara relieves by restoring the normal condition. 

Preparations. — There are a number of preparations of Cascara 
that are used. The fluid extract, Aromatic Cascara and pills or 
tablets, are the principal forms. When used in pill form, it is 
generally combined with other laxatives, because of the Cascara 
alone it requires too many pills for a dose. The Aromatic is the 
most pleasant to take, because in this preparation the bitter prin- 
ciple which Cascara naturally contains is removed and aromatics 
are added. The bitter principle mentioned is claimed by some to 
be of benefit as a tonic to the muscle walls of the stomach and 
bowels, hence it follows that while Aromatic Cascara is pleasant 
to the taste and effectual in causing regular action, it would have 
to be continued for a longer time, because it does not give the 
"tone" resulting from the action of the laxative and bitter prin- 
ciple combined. The fluid extract contains both these principles, 
therefore, as stated, is believed by some to be the most valuable 
form of preparation. Our own experience has acquainted us 
with a number of cases where it was claimed that the Aromatic 
Cascara proved equally as valuable as the fluid extract. 

Dose. — The usual dose of the Aromatic is from 10 to 20 drops, 
taken morning and evening; of the fluid extract, a little less. 
In either case the dose should be suited to the individual need. 
Some require only a light dose and prefer to take it at bedtime; 
others take it in the morning before breakfast. 



MEDICINES. 721 

CHLORAL— CHLORAL HYDRATE. 

In case of poisoning from Chloral give a tablespoonful of 
Mustard in a glass of warm water. Repeat the warm water 
every ten minutes until the patient vomits, adding a little Mustard 
each time. Apply external heat in abundance. Give strong 
coffee or other stimulants, and artificial respiration, if needed, as 
described under Drowning. 

Uses of Chloral. — Chloral is used principally as a hypnotic — 
to relieve nervousness and produce sleep. It is a cerebral and 
spinal sedative and antispasmodic. It relieves exciting condi- 
tions of the mind, and is a valuable hypnotic in all nervous and 
hysterical conditions. It is sometimes used in asthma, whooping 
cough, after-pains, or those following labor, and ursemic convul- 
sions. It produces but little effect upon the sensory nerves, 
therefore is of but little value in relieving pain. 

Symptoms of Its Effects. — Its effects are usually rapid, produc- 
ing natural sleep from which the patient can be easily aroused. 
Whenever sleep is produced or nervous conditions quieted, its 
use should be discontinued. It lessens the heart action, lessens 
respiration and lowers the pulse. While it is a perfectly safe 
remedy in the proper dose, and its effects are usually lasting, 
it is not recommended in cases of fatty heart or where the 
heart action is enfeebled from any cause. Its principal use, as 
stated, is to quiet nervous conditions and produce sleep. In most 
cases of insomnia Chloral is more satisfactory in its results than 
Morphine or Opium. The sleep produced by Chloral, as stated, 
is usually natural, and the patient on awakening feels refreshed, 
the mind is clear, and there are no bad after-effects. 

Dose. — From 10 to 20 grains. Chloral is somewhat irritating, 
therefore should be taken largely diluted, and enough syrup 
added to cover the taste as far as possible. 

CODEINE. 

Codeine is one of the active principles of Opium, and, as 
stated under that head, is one of the most useful. Its narcotic 
powers are valuable, but its power to relieve severe pain is not 
equal to Morphine; yet it relieves many painful conditions, and 
is a most excellent remedy in states of irritability and nerv- 
ousness. No bad after-effects follow its use as in the case of 
Opium or Morphine. Its strength is one-fourth of that of 
Morphine. It is a perfectly safe remedy to give to children, and 
in adults it will often meet all the needs. Some people cannot 
take Morphine, and in these cases Codeine usually produces 
excellent results. Codeine possesses another advantage: there is 
no danger of forming the habit. 

46 



722 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Uses of Codeine. — In nearly all cases where either Opium or 
Morphine is used, Codeine may be substituted with advantage. 
In hysterical conditions, whether mild or bordering on delirium, 
it works like a charm. In diabetes mellitus it is one of the best 
remedies to check the elimination of sugar. Nearly all cases of 
pain in the stomach or digestive tract can be controlled by 
Codeine. In the weak and anaemic it is generally superior to 
Opium or Morphine. In those of nervous temperament it also 
possesses many advantages. It is of value in the ordinary cough 
following colds, and should be used in place of Morphine. It is 
especially recommended for children. If the effects of Codeine 
were better understood, it would be more generally used. 

Dose. — From \ to \ of a grain. Codeine is also used hypo- 
dermically. 

COLCHICUM— Colchicine. 

Colchicum is fully represented by its active principle, Colchi- 
cine. Its full effects may be obtained from its active principle, — 
in fact, better results may be obtained from Colchicine than 
when the whole drug is used. Colchicum increases the action of 
the liver and kidneys, the secretions of mucous membranes, and 
elimination by the skin. 

Symptoms of Its Effects. — The first symptoms from the effect 
of Colchicum, or its active principle, Colchicine, are nausea and 
diarrhea. Colchicum increases the eliminations by all the 
avenues of the body, — the lungs, skin, digestive tract and kidneys. 
The elimination of uric acid is increased, and this clearly 
demonstrates the use of the remedy in neuralgia and rheumatism, 
especially the latter. 

Uses of Colchicum, or Colchicine. — In rheumatism it is especially 
valuable in plethoric or fleshy subjects. It may be used in 
either the acute or chronic form of the disease, and is a valuable 
addition to Salicylate of Soda. Salicylate of Soda is almost 
universally recognized as the best remedy in the treatment 
of rheumatism. Colchicum is also valuable in stiff joints 
resulting from chronic rheumatism, and in that form of the 
disease frequently called sciatica. As the cause of neuralgia 
and rheumatism are much the same, it may be given in neuralgia 
with benefit. 

Dose. — Of the tincture of the seed, 10 to 20 drops; of the wine 
of the seed, 10 to 20 drops; of the fluid extract of the seed, 2 to 4 
drops; of the wine of the root, 5 to 10 drops; of the fluid extract 
of the root, from 1 to 2 drops; of the active principle, Colchicine, 
Thr to T hs of a grain. 

Any of the foregoing doses may be given every three or four 
hours, more or less often as needed. 



MBDICINBS. 



723 



All fluid preparations of Colchicum are liable to vary greatly 
in strength unless made by standard manufacturers. 

DIGITALIS— Digitalin. 
Digitalis contains five active principles. One of these is an 
irritant and should not be used. Here we see the advantage of 
the active principle over the whole drug, or preparations 
including the whole drug, because such preparations include the 
objectionable principle. The four desirable active principles are 
combined under the head of Digitalin. 

Symptoms of Its Effects. — Strong heart beat, which in some 
cases is noticed by the patient; full, strong pulse, which also 
may be easily detected by the patient or those in attendance; and 
full, strong and distinct heart sounds. Whenever these results 
are obtained, it is evidence that the dose should be lessened, or 
that the remedy should be stopped altogether, for a time at least. 
It is understood, of course, that where these conditions are 
already present, Digitalis, or Digitalin, is not needed. 

Digitalis is a heart tonic, and perhaps occupies first place among 
the remedies of this kind. It produces its effects by increas- 
ing the power of the inhibitory, or restraining, nerves,. and these 
gain control over the accelerators, or those nerves which 
otherwise would produce rapid heart action. Digitalis, or the 
combination of its active principles, Digitalin, also stimulates the 
nerves controlling the size of the small blood vessels, and these 
contract, producing an effect which is opposite to that of Aconite 
or Atropine. By slowing the heart action there is given a longer 
interval of rest between the beats, the cavities of the heart are 
more completely filled with blood, and the organ makes greater 
effort to force the blood out. This is another reason why its 
action is stronger. Again, it requires greater effort to send the 
blood through the circulatory system, because the small vessels 
are contracted, as stated, and the force of the heart beat increases 
in proportion to these extra demands made upon it. 

Uses of Digitalis. — By reason of its power to improve the circu- 
lation Digitalis is sometimes given to relieve congestion and 
inflammation. Aconite, Veratrum and Belladonna relieve inflam- 
mation by dilating the small vessels elsewhere and allowing the 
blood to drain away from the affected area, while Digitalis is given 
with a view of forcing the blood through the diseased parts. This 
is the object when giving Digitalis in acute congestion or inflam- 
mation of the lungs. Digitalis is not advised in Aortic Regurgi- 
tation (see Heart, Diseases of), for in this case to slow the 
heart action would allow more blood to regurgitate from the 
arteries back into the heart cavity. Some forms of dyspepsia 
may be influenced by a sluggish circulation about the stomach. 



724 ? A VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

These cases are improved by the use of Digitalis, because with 
increased heart action and contraction of the small vessels, it 
must follow that the blood is driven with greater force. In 
typhoid fever and other lingering diseases, where the heart 
naturally becomes weak from poisons and lack of nourishment, 
Digitalis is of benefit. By reason of the increased circulation 
and greater blood pressure following the use of Digitalis, it is of 
value in increasing the action of the kidneys, hence is an import- 
ant remedy in dropsy, both in overcoming the pressure due to the 
dropsical conditions and in eliminating the fluid. When given to 
relieve dropsy, Caffeine, the active principle of Coffee, and Scillitine, 
the active principle of Squills, may be added with advantage. Caf- 
feine is a heart tonic. It also stimulates the cells lining the collect- 
ing tubes of the kidneys and increases elimination. Squills, or its 
active principle, also stimulates the action of the kidneys. Neither 
of these remedies should be given in acute inflammation of the 
kidneys, because to increase their action at this time would be to 
increase the inflammation. This is more especially true of 
Squills. The action of Digitalis is slower than that of many 
other heart tonics, therefore is not so valuable in collapse and 
other conditions where immediate effects are required. Its effects 
are more lasting, however, thus making it more valuable where a 
longer effect is desired. 

We have heard it argued against Digitalis, or its combination 
of active principles, Digitalin, that it may produce cumulative 
effects, i. e., no results are produced for a time, and then the 
combined effects of a number of doses occur at once. This claim 
is not supported by the facts, however. If the drug is given in 
solution and the fluids of the stomach are normal, there will be 
no cumulative action. Neither Digitalis nor any other remedy 
circulates in the blood for days, and then suddenly takes effect 
with disastrous results. Opium is far more likely to produce 
cumulative effects, but Opium is a convenient remedy for so 
many conditions. It quiets the patient, saves the doctor so much 
time and often produces such immediate results, that cumulative 
action is not charged against it. Pills may lie in the stomach for 
days when there is a high fever, because the mucous membrane 
is dry and absorption is slight. Improvement in the normal 
secretions may dissolve the pills all at once, and they may enter 
the circulation rapidly and produce dangerous, results. This is 
why we stated in the beginning of this chapter that pills should 
never be given to a fevered patient, nor much medicine to one in a 
comatose state. 

Dose.—Oi the tincture of Digitalis, 5 to 10 drops; of the fluid 
extract, 1 drop; of Digitalin, T ^ to -gV of a grain. May be given 
once in four hours until effect. 



MBDICINBS. 725 

ERGOT. 

Ergot is a powerful agent in contracting the uterus, therefore 
should not be given during pregnancy. It contracts the small 
blood vessels throughout the whole system, thus rendering it a 
valuable remedy in hemorrhage. Its effects upon the arterial 
system are the result of its action upon the muscular coats of the 
vessels. 

Uses of Ergot. — It is sometimes of value in varicose veins, 
enlarged prostate and aneurism. Its effects upon aneurism, how- 
ever, prove unsatisfactory if the tumor is situated on a large 
artery. It is also used in menorrhagia, nosebleed, hemorrhage 
from the lungs and hemorrhage resulting from typhoid fever. 
Ergot contracts all of the involuntary or internal muscles, con- 
tracts the bladder and increases the kidney action. It contracts 
the small vessels to such an extent that its continued use is said 
to have caused gangrene of the lower limbs. It is said to be use- 
ful in incontinence of urine and diabetes mellitus. Its special 
action, however, is upon the uterus, and this renders it valuable 
in subinvolution — where the uterus remains large after confine- 
ment — in uterine polypus and in fibroids or tumors of the uterus. 
It is also thought by many to be one of the best remedies to con- 
trol hemorrhage following childbirth. In normal labor many 
physicians use Ergot after the child is born to aid in contracting 
the uterus. Regarding its effects in such cases, see note under 

IyABOR . 

Dose. — The fluid extract of Ergot is the preparation generally 
used. In menorrhagia, subinvolution, and other conditions where 
its use is continued for some time, give % teaspoonful of the 
fluid extract four times a day; to check hemorrhage, give 1 tea- 
spoonful and repeat in thirty minutes. For dangerous hemor- 
rhage it should be given with a hypodermic needle. 

OELSEMIUM— Gelsemine. 
Gelsemium is fully represented by its active principle, Gelse- 
mine. This drug lessens heart action, lessens respiration, relaxes 
the muscular system and deadens sensibility. However, like 
Aconite, Veratrum, Belladonna and other remedies, if Gelse- 
mium, or its active principle, Gelsemine, is used intelligently, 
it is a perfectly safe remedy. It is not recommended for weak 
subjects nor those with a weak heart. 

Symptoms of Its Effects.- — The first symptoms of its effects are 
a sense of languor, and drooping of the upper eyelids. If its use 
is continued, there will be dilatation of the pupils and nausea, 
and the weakness will be increased. 

Gelsemium by its action on the heart slows circulation: th.= 
pulse is less rapid and blood pressure is lowered. This, together 



726 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

with its effects on respiration, lessens tissue change and lowers 
temperature; hence it is used in fevers, especially in the painful 
conditions sometimes met in rheumatism and neuralgia, in sciatic 
rheumatism, or rheumatism of the sciatic nerve, in ovarian neu- 
ralgia and in dysmenorrhea. In many of these cases it may be 
given with benefit. It is also recommended in remittent fevers. 
It relieves spasmodic muscular action in asthma and distressing 
coughs. It aids in relieving after-pains, or those following labor. 
It is sometimes used in whooping cough. 

Dose. — Of the tincture, 5 to 10 drops; of the fluid extract, 2 
to 5 drops; of the active principle, ^-^ of a grain. May be given 
every three hours until effect. ' 

GLONOIN— NITROGLYCERINE. 

Glonoin is one of the most rapid and powerful stimulants 
known. Its effects are not lasting, however, but pass off within 
an hour. It is a powerful stimulant to the heart and respiration. 
It also dilates the small vessels, and thus brings the blood to the 
surface. 

Symptoms of Its Effects. — Headache and flushing of the face. 
It may be used either in solution or in tablets. The tablets are 
the most convenient. Absorption takes place much more quickly 
from the tongue than from the stomach, and if a Glonoin tablet 
is dissolved on the tongue, its effects may be noticed in from two 
or three to five minutes. The effects can probably be produced 
more quickly this way than by giving it with a hypodermic 
needle, because in using the needle a little time is required to get 
the dose ready. 

Uses of Glonoin, or Nitroglycerine. — By reason of its rapid and 
powerful action Glonoin, or Nitroglycerine, is one of the best 
remedies in emergency cases, i. e. y in accident or collapse. In 
cases of this kind where the face is pale and the surface cold, 
Glonoin often proves to be one of the most valuable of 
remedies. In fainting, in low conditions, in collapse during 
typhoid fever or pneumonia, or following the administration of 
Chloroform where the patient does not rally and where death 
seems imminent, Glonoin is the best stimulant and the one 
most likely to revive the patient. It should be remembered, 
however, that where vitality is low from any cause, so powerful a 
stimulant should be given in small doses. Overstimulation might 
paralyze the heart's action, and this would hasten death rather 
than afford relief. This is equally true of other stimulants. Over- 
stimulation will always produce death. 

Many cases of dysmenorrhea may be relieved with Glonoin. 
As stated, Glonoin, or Nitroglycerine, dilates the small vessels, 
and this relieves the congested uterus. Asthma, neuralgia, 
vomiting, dizziness, toothache and seasickness may often be 



MHDICINES. 



72; 



relieved or benefited by the use of this remedy. In asphyxia 
from inhaling illuminating gas it is valuable. It is also a valu- 
able aid in treating cases of suspected drowning. 

Dose. — From ^io to rio °* a grain. 

Note — Nitrite of Amyl produces a more rapid action than Glonoin. Its 
effects are more transient, however, and again, it is not so convenient a 
remedy. 

IODINE. 

Iodine is made from the ashes of Seaweed. It is never taken 
internally in its clear state. Poisoning from Iodine increases 
the flow of saliva, causes a catarrhal condition of the eyes, and, 
in fact, increases the secretions of all mucous membrane; also 
produces burning heat and pain in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, 
diarrhea and collapse. 

Antidote. — A teaspoonful or two of starch taken in a little 
water forms Iodide of Starch and relieves the danger at once. 
This should be followed with a tablespoonful of ground Mustard 
in a tumblerful of warm water to produce vomiting. If results 
are not satisfactory, repeat the dose of warm water every fifteen 
minutes, but after the first tumblerful add only 1 or 2 teaspoon- 
fuls of the Mustard. Iodine is absorbed from the stomach very 
rapidly, therefore the antidote must be given early. After 
vomiting, give mucilaginous drinks and allow only mild liquid 
food for a few days, or until the inflammation of the stomach 
has subsided. 

Iodine is readily diffusible and, as stated, enters the circula- 
tion rapidly from the stomach. As a medicine its effects are 
those of a general disinfectant. It liquefies the products of 
inflammation, thus rendering them more readily taken up by the 
circulation and eliminated. It forms soluble iodides with metallic 
salts, hence is valuable in relieving the system of Mercury where 
this remedy has been taken for some time; also of lead in cases 
of chronic lead poisoning, sometimes found in painters and those 
who manufacture paints. 

Symptoms of Its Effects. — Taken in medicinal doses, the first 
symptoms of the effects of Iodine are a catarrhal condition 
of the eyes and increased flow of saliva. By increasing the 
secretions of the mucous membrane along the digestive tract, diar- 
rhea may result. Eruptions on the skin may also occur. It is 
also slightly diuretic, increasing the secretions of the kidneys. 
By reason of its effects on mucous membrane Iodine is sometimes 
used in chronic bronchitis. By its power to liquefy and eliminate 
inflammatory products it is a valuable remedy following pneu- 
monia, pleurisy, typhoid fever, or inflammations from any cause. 
By reason of its antiseptic properties it has been highly recom- 
mended in consumption. By reason of its power to stimulate 



?2S FAVORITE MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 

absorption it is frequently used externally in glandular swellings, 
swollen joints, etc. It is also applied externally to boils, 
carbuncles, ringworm and chilblains. When used in strong 
solution, it acts as a counter-irritant and is a frequent addition 
to liniments; also used externally in the form of ointments. It 
is a well known remedy in syphilis, especially in the latter 
stages. It is sometimes injected in strong solution into cavities, 
such as hydrocele, where it causes local inflammation, the new 
tissue growth uniting the inner surfaces of the sac and obliterating 
the cavity. Iodoform is only another means of using Iodine. 
This well known remedy is frequently used in dressing wounds. 
It is also taken internally in pill or tablet form. Iodide of 
Iyime is highly recommended in spasmodic croup. There are 
several preparations of Iodine for internal use. Some prefer one 
form, some another; the object is the same in each case, and the 
different combinations are only different methods of administra- 
tion. Any of the preparations should be taken between meals, 
because if taken with the meals, the Iodine unites with the 
starch in the food, forming Iodide of Starch, as stated, which 
destroys the effect. 

For the rheumatic swelling of joints a most excellent applica- 
tion is Tincture of Iodine and Water of Ammonia, equal parts. 
After standing a few hours the mixture turns very light in color. 
This combination forms Iodide of Ammonia. The Ammonia is 
stimulating, and the Iodine renders the inflammatory products 
soluble, thus facilitating their ready removal. 

Dose. — Syrup of Hydriodic Acid, i teaspoonful between meals. 

Tincture of Iodine, 5 to 8 drops taken in water or milk. 

Iodide of Ammonia, from 2 to 5 grains. 

Iodide of Soda, from 2 to 5 grains. 

Iodide of I^ime, when given to children for spasmodic croup, 
should be given in J /i or Yi grain doses, dissolved in a little hot 
water, and the dose repeated every 15 to 30 minutes until relief 
is had. 

Iodoform, 1 grain three or four times a day. 

IPECAC— IPECACUANHA. 

Ipecac is fully represented by its active principle, Emetine. 
Ipecac or its active principle is much used in unhealthy condi- 
tions of the mucous membrane of the air passages, stomach and 
digestive tract. It is also used in large doses as an emetic. For 
this purpose Ipecac is a perfectly safe remedy for adults or 
children. It produces vomiting by stimulating that part of the 
brain which controls the action. Its emetic effects are also said to 
be due to some extent to its local action on the mucous membrane of 
the stomach. The nerves that control the stomach have their origin 



MEDICINES. 729 

in the brain, therefore, what is supposed to be the local action is 
in reality its effect on the nerves mentioned, the impulse thus 
produced being conveyed to the brain. When taken in moderate 
quantities, Ipecac relaxes the voluntary and involuntary muscles, 
and this allows the small arteries to dilate the same as described 
under Aconite and Belladonna. 

Symptoms of Its Effects. — The first symptom is nausea. If its 
use is continued after this symptom appears, vomiting will result. 

Uses of Ipecac. — Ipecac is a valuable remedy in catarrhal con- 
ditions of the respiratory organs and digestive tract. During the 
early stages of a cold where there is congestion of the mem- 
brane lining the bronchial tubes or air passages, the mucous 
membrane is often dry. This produces irritation and a hoarse 
cough. Ipecac increases the secretions of the mucous membrane, 
and this relieves the irritation and aids in relieving the trouble. 
The effects of Aconite in this condition are the same. In bron- 
chitis, where the secretions are excessive, thick and tenacious, 
Ipecac is of value in draining the congested or inflamed vessels 
and in thinning the secretions mentioned, thus facilitating their 
elimination; hence it is of value in cough medicines. The same 
effects are produced in the stomach when a catarrhal condition is 
present. It frees the stomach walls of unhealthy exudate, relieves 
nausea and headache and improves digestion. When there is con- 
gestion and unhealthy eliminations in the digestive tract, the 
effects are the same. First, the engorged vessels are drained, 
thus relieving congestion and inflammation and increasing the 
fluids, which wash away the diseased products and restore the 
mucous membrane to a healthy condition. Here Ipecac acts both 
as a laxative and a disinfectant. 

The great benefit to be derived from Ipecac in bowel troubles 
cannot be too strongly emphasized. If there is catarrhal jaun- 
dice present, that is, if the mucous membrane lining the duct 
through which the bile passes from the liver into the digestive 
tract is congested, swollen or inflamed, and more or less filled with 
unhealthy products, Ipecac gives the same relief and produces 
the same sanitary effects as elsewhere. Ipecac also stimulates the 
liver, increasing the flow of bile and thus aiding in clearing up 
unhealthy conditions. It also acts as a diuretic, increasing the 
action of the kidneys. 

Ipecac is of value in amenorrhea when produced suddenly as 
a result of taking cold. By its power to relax spasmodic muscu- 
lar action, it is of value in spasmodic croup. It aids in relieving 
bad breath, bad taste in the mouth and eructations when due to 
a disordered stomach. Ipecac is frequently used in large doses 
to produce vomiting; small doses have a directly opposite effect 
and aid in checking vomiting. Two or three drops of the Fluid 



730 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

Extract of Ipecac stirred into half a glass of water and given in 
teaspoonful doses every ten or fifteen minutes, will often prove 
successful in relieving nausea or checking vomiting. 

Dose. — The dose of the syrup is from 5 to 10 drops; of the 
fluid extract, 1 drop; of the active principle, Emetine, T V of a 
grain. The dose of any of the foregoing preparations may be 
increased or diminished, as required. As an emetic, the dose is 
1 teaspoonful of the syrup, or from 10 to 20 drops of the fluid 
extract, every fifteen to twenty minutes. For other purposes 
Ipecac is combined with other remedies, as on pages 95 and 252. 

IRON. 

Iron is an astringent, contracting the small blood vessels. It 
increases the power of the red blood corpuscles to absorb oxygen 
while passing through the lungs, and is used in many low condi- 
tions to aid in building up the system. 

Symptoms of Its Effects. — There are no immediate or early 
symptoms produced by medicinal doses of Iron. Iron is absorbed 
into the circulation mostly from the duodenum, or that part of 
the small bowel nearest the stomach, although it is also absorbed 
to some extent from the stomach and along the digestive tract. 

Regarding the manner in which Iron enters the circulation, it 
may be stated that the inorganic salts, i. e. , the Iron given artifi- 
cially, stimulates the absorption of the organic Iron, or that form 
contained in the food products, and at the same time the Iron 
taken artificially enters into combination with the sulphureted 
hydrogen which is present in the digestive tract, and then 
enters the circulation. 

Uses oj Iron. — By increasing the oxygen carrying power of 
the red blood corpuscles Iron increases oxidization, and this 
increases the tissue changes throughout the body. Iron in 
repeated doses not only increases the power of the red blood 
corpuscles, as stated, but increases their number also. This 
means increased nutrition and assimilation, and in this way Iron 
improves the condition of both the blood and tissues. It stimu- 
lates increased activity of the mental faculties, and at the same 
time increases the physical powers. Iron is of value in all forms of 
anaemia, in chlorosis, scrofula and Bright' s disease. It is valuable 
in erysipelas where the subject is pl^sically weak and the skin is 
pale. It is of value in neuralgia when the patient lacks "tone." 
It is an astringent, therefore is sometimes used in diarrhea. By 
reason of its astringent properties it is also sometimes used in 
hemorrhage, in nosebleed, and in menorrhagia, or hemorrhage 
from the uterus. 

By reason of its power to contract the small vessels Iron is 
sometimes used in solution locally to check hemorrhage, although 
it is claimed that it coagulates the blood for some distance along 



MHDICINBS. 731 

the arteries and veins, and that such coagulum may undergo 
decomposition later and thus poison the system; hence its local 
use is not so frequent as in former years. 

Preparations. — The Tincture of the Chloride of Iron contains 
Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid. This form has a more direct 
influence on digestion, because Hydrochloric is the natural acid 
present in the digestive fluid of the stomach. This is one reason 
why Tincture of Iron is the best form for internal use. What is 
called Dialized Iron is Iron in solution. Dialized Iron contains 
16 grains of Metallic Iron to the ounce. This form is not inju- 
rious to the teeth, possesses an agreeable taste, and is harmless 
to the mucous membrane of the stomach and digestive tract. 
There are also many soluble Salts of Iron for internal use. Those 
containing Quinine and Strychnine are frequently used. Iron 
may also be conveniently used in pill or tablet form. Arsenic 
and Iron are frequently combined in pill or tablet form, called 
Arseniate of Iron. Iodide of Iron is another combination which 
may be given in pill or tablet form. Syrup of Iodide of Iron is 
also a popular form for internal administration. 

Dose. — Of the Tincture of Chloride of Iron, 10 drops; of the 
Syrup of Iodide of Iron, from 10 to 30 drops; of Dialized Iron, 
from 10 to 30 drops; of Metallic Iron in pill form, from 1 to 3 
grains. Any preparation of Iron should be taken after meals. 
It is absorbed into the circulation slowly, hence should be given 
in small doses and its use continued for some time. 

JABORANDI— Pilocarpine. 
The action of Jaborandi depends upon two active principles 
contained in the leaves: One is called Pilocarpine, and the other, 
Jaborine. When taken into the system, the effects of these two 
principles are directly opposed to each other. Pilocarpine 
increases the secretions of the glandular structures of the body, 
while Jaborine checks them. However, Pilocarpine is in excess, 
so that when the whole drug is used, or preparations made from 
the whole drug, the secretions are increased'; but it will readily 
be seen that a larger amount is needed than when the Pilocarpine 
is given alone. Thus we are continually reminded of the fact 
already stated, that when the active principles are separated and 
used singly, the effects are far more satisfactory. 

Symptoms of Its Effect. — Jaborine is seldom used, therefore we 
shall give only the effects of Pilocarpine, which in some condi- 
tions is a very important and useful remedy. As stated, Pilocar- 
pine increases the secretions of all the glandular structures of the 
body. The first effects are noticed by the increased flow of 
saliva. This one symptom is all that is needed to show that the 
system is being brought under its influence. Pilocarpine has 



732 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

been recommended in this work as one of the most useful reme- 
dies to produce elimination in uraemic convulsions. When given 
for this purpose, its full effects are usually desired, hence no 
attention is paid to the symptom given — increased flow of saliva. 
It is claimed that Pilocarpine produces contraction of the uterus, 
therefore should not be given in case of pregnancy. When a 
large dose, % to x /i of a grain, is given with a hypodermic needle, 
elimination is increased by all the avenues of the body — those of 
the lungs, digestive tract, kidneys and skin. The greatest 
amount of elimination takes place through the skin. To see a 
person thoroughly under the influence of Pilocarpine is to see a 
very uncomfortable individual. The water is pouring out over 
the surface of the body. The increased secretions of the mucous 
membrane lining the bronchial tubes and air cells cause free 
expectoration. Added to these are the secretions of the throat, of 
the salivary glands and of the nasal cavities. The result is a 
constant flow from the mouth and nose. The secretions of the 
stomach may be so profuse as to cause vomiting; those of the 
digestive tract may cause an active movement of the bowels; 
those of the kidneys cause an increased flow of urine; and the 
pores of the skin pour out large amounts of water. In this way 
from three to six pints of fluid may be eliminated in three or four 
hours, or the effects may last from three to five hours. The 
natural result of this experience is a weakened heart action, weak 
pulse, weak respiration, and a pale, cold surface ; hence Pilocar- 
pine is not recommended for those with a weak heart or weak lungs. 

Uses of Pilocarpine. — In uraemic convulsions in confinement 
the patient is often unconscious, and in this condition may be 
unable to expel from the lungs all of the increased bronchial 
secretions; hence they may reach such proportions, fill the small 
air tubes and exclude the air to such an extent that the condition 
of the patient becomes serious. Should this condition present 
itself, it may be speedily checked by a hypodermic of Atropine. 
Atropine checks the secretions and further relieves the lungs by 
bringing the blood to the surface. It also stimulates the heart 
action and stimulates respiration. (See Uremic Convulsions, 
also see Belladonna in this chapter). Besides its value in 
the treatment of uraemic convulsions, it is useful in smaller doses 
in other conditions. Following labor, when the secretions of 
the breasts are limited or entirely wanting, A \ of a grain of 
Pilocarpine, more or less, given four times a day, will increase 
the secretions. It is one of the best remedies for this purpose, 
and in nearly every case will prove successful. 

It will be noticed that the action of Pilocarpine is directly 
opposite to that of Atropine, therefore it is a physiological 
antidote for Atropine. Atropine checks the secretions; Pilocar- 



MEDICINES. 



733 



pine increases them. Atropine dilates the pupil of the eye; 
Pilocarpine contracts it. And, vice versa, following a full dose 
of Pilocarpine, Atropine is one of the best remedies to check 
the secretions when they have gone far enough, to bring the blood 
to the surface and to increase the heart action and respiration. 

A severe cough with no expectoration may be due to the dry 
condition of the mucous membrane which lines the air cells and 
small air tubes. One- tenth of a grain of Pilocarpine four times 
a day will increase the secretions, render the membrane moist, 
relieve the irritation and aid in checking the cough. For the 
same reason it is valuable in dry bronchitis. Pilocarpine is 
valuable in eliminating the poisons in diphtheria, in erysipelas in 
the strong and robust, and in relieving an attack of asthma. In 
cases of baldness where the hair follicles are not destroyed, Pilo- 
carpine will produce a new growth of hair. (See Baldness.) 

Dose. — T 'o- of a grain four times a day. Also given hypoder- 
inically. 

JALAP. 

Jalap stimulates liver action and increases the flow of bile. It 
also increases the fluids of the digestive tract, hence is followed 
by large watery evacuations. This renders it especially valuable 
in the various forms of dropsy, — in abdominal dropsy from any 
cause, in cardiac dropsy, meaning water in the sac surrounding 
the heart, and other forms of dropsy in the chest cavity. In all 
of these conditions it rapidly removes the fluids from the body, 
and thus relieves difficult heart action and labored breathing. 
It is also valuable in bronchitis where the lungs are congested, 
and in all forms of congestion or inflammation of any organ or 
part. 

Dose. — From 5 to 10 grains. Jalap is sometimes combined 
with Cream of Tartar, and this combination given in small and 
continued doses is perhaps equally as valuable in relieving the 
system. It is also sometimes combined with Calomel and other 
cstn3.rtics 

MUX VOMICA-^ Strychnine. 

Nux Vomica possesses two active principles, Strychnine and 
Brucine. Strychnine is the principle generally used, and is 
believed by many to be one of the most valuable of stimulants. 
It increases the heart action, increases respiration, and stimulates 
the whole nervous system, both the motor and sensory, thus 
removing the sense of weariness and increasing the capacity for 
labor, both mental and physical. 

Symptoms of Its Effects. — The symptoms resulting from the 
use of Strychnine are a slight nervousness, or slight muscular 
tremor, which may be first noticed in the hands ; or there may 



734 



FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 



be slight stiffness felt in the muscles of the throat, neck or else- 
where. If its use is continued, or the dose is increased after 
these symptoms are present, it may result in spasmodic and uncon- 
trollable muscular action. 

Uses of Strychnine. — Strychnine is one of the most powerful 
stimulants known. It increases the secretions of the stomach 
and digestive tract, and also increases peristalsis, or the action of 
the bowels. By stimulating the muscular coats of the bronchial 
tubes it contracts the air passages and aids in the elimination of 
unhealthy secretions; by stimulating the muscle walls of the 
small vessels it contracts the arteries, and this contraction, with 
the increased heart action, increases both the blood pressure and 
the circulation. It aids in contracting the uterus. By its power 
to produce muscular contraction it may be used in preventing 
distension of the abdominal cavity in peritonitis. Its stimulating 
and tonic effects are valuable in all cases where there is great 
prostration of the physical powers, or that condition commonly 
called shock, whether following an accident, an operation, or from 
any other cause. Its tonic effect renders it a valuable remedy in 
typhoid fever, capillary bronchitis and pneumonia, and relieves 
the necessity of any form of alcoholic liquors. Added to the Syrup 
of Hypophosphites, and this combined with Extract of Malt, it is 
valuable in consumption or enfeebled conditions from any cause. 
By some it is believed to have a special tonic effect on the lungs, 
and it is claimed that during its use the blood contains more 
oxygen. This claim is easily accounted for when we remember 
that the circulation through the lungs is increased. It is one 
of the best tonics for those who are trying to break off from 
the liquor habit. In small doses, -j-J-g- to -gV of a grain, taken 
before meals, it is a valuable stomachic, 'exciting an increased 
flow of the digestive ferments and increasing functional activity; 
by reason of its general stimulating and tonic effects it in- 
creases the amount of all the digestive ferments. Small doses 
may check the vomiting of pregnancy, cure sick headache and 
aid in relieving seasickness. It may be given with benefit 
during the passage of gall-stone or stone from the kidney. 
In this case results are obtained by the power of the Strychnine 
to contract the muscle fibers of the duct leading from the gall 
bladder, or those of the ureter leading from the kidney, such 
action aiding in expelling the stone. It also aids in relieving 
strangulated hernia by increasing peristalsis, thus helping to 
release the imprisoned bowel. 

Nux Vomica in tincture or any other form of solution is not 
usually given, because its taste is so decidedly bitter. Its active 
principle, Strychnine, has been largely substituted. This can be 
taken in pill or tablet form without taste. The action of Brucine 



MBDICINBS. 735 

is the same as that of Strychnine, but the effects are much milder, 
hence the remedy is often used for children. 

Dose. — A dose of the Tincture of Nux Vomica is from 5 to 20 
drops; of Strychnine, from ^ to ^ of a grain; of Brucine, for 
children, from ^ to T \ of a grain. May be given three or four 
times a day. 

OPI UAL— Morphine. 

Opium contains a large number of active principles, — some 
eighteen or twenty. Some of them are valuable and some are not, 
in fact, some are believed to be injurious. However, Opium with 
its combined principles is an old and well known remedy. It is 
claimed by many that as a narcotic and hypnotic, Opium holds 
first place; yet in many conditions sleep may be produced equally 
as successfully with Chloral or the Bromides, or with a number of 
other preparations. In past years Morphine was believed to be 
the most valuable principle in Opium, but more recently Codeine 
has taken its place to a considerable extent. The principal use of 
either Opium or Morphine is in relieving pain. Either will 
relieve physical suffering and produce a state of quiet, ease and 
mental comfort. 

General Effects of Opium. — Opium first stimulates heart action 
and the intellectual faculties. The thoughts are varied and 
pleasant, and care and suffering are past. This condition is 
followed by drowsiness, deadening of the mental faculties and 
profound sleep; following a large dose, the sleep deepens into 
coma. Sleep is induced by the deadening of the sensibilities to 
surrounding objects, but more especially by the anaemic condition 
of the brain resulting from the contraction of the small arteries. 
As the effects continue, the heart action becomes weakened and 
respiration lessened. In case of death from an overdose the 
brain is deeply congested. This condition is the result of dil- 
atation or engorgement of the veins, which occurs during the 
last stage. One of the most serious objections to either Opium 
or Morphine is the danger of ' 'forming the habit," as it is called. 

Opium or Morphine lessens the flow of saliva, the secretions 
of the kidneys, the amount of bile and the secretions of the 
digestive tract, and also checks peristalsis, the natural action of 
the bowels, causing constipation; in a word, it may be said to 
lessen all the secretions of the body except those of the skin. 
These are increased, but such increase belongs more to the effect 
of Opium than of Morphine. The after-effects of either are 
unpleasant and often very unsatisfactory. Either causes dryness 
of the mouth and tongue, bad breath, loss of appetite, feeling of 
nausea, sense of dizziness, headache and general depression. 
Sometimes some of these conditions last for one or two days, and 
even longer. By prolonged use, however, the system can become 



; 3 6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

so accustomed to either that enormous amounts can be taken with- 
out destroying life. Cases are reported where 320 grains of Mor- 
phine — nearly %i of an ounce — have been taken in one day, and 
from % to 1 pint of Laudanum. 

Uses of Opium or Morphine. — The principal use of either of 
these remedies is for the relief of pain; it is their only legitimate 
use. In case of accident or injury where the pain is severe, 
enough of either may be given at a single dose to render the 
patient comfortable. It is seldom necessary to repeat the dose. 
From this the reader will understand that the only symptom 
needed is the one already given, — the relief of pain. It is not 
necessary to give enough to put the patient to sleep nor to 
produce any of the other symptoms mentioned. 

Conditions Requiring the Use of Opium or Morphine. — Neither 
of these remedies should be given to infants nor small children, 
because they are liable to produce convulsions and even death. 
One drop of Laudanum has proven fatal to an infant. The cause 
of the convulsions is that in infants and small children the brain 
is but poorly developed and is easily overcome by the effects of 
the drug, hence the nerve centers situated along the spinal cord 
gain control over the cerebral centers, or those situated in the 
brain, and the spinal nerves set up convulsive action, according 
to their nature. When we remember that the nerves supplying 
the muscles of the body and extremities have their origin in the 
spinal cord, it is easy to account for the convulsions. Later, as 
the child grows, the brain develops and the centers in the cord 
mentioned are under the influence or control of the intellectual or 
higher centers in the brain. In adult life the weak and anaemic 
are also more susceptible. Opium or Morphine should never be 
given to nursing mothers, because it is eliminated by the milk. 

As Opium and Morphine are the most certain remedies for the 
relief of suffering and pain, they are sometimes given in sciatica 
or sciatic rheumatism, to relieve the suffering in the late stages of 
cancer, and in severe colic. Morphine is perhaps the most certain 
remedy to prevent abortion. Opium is sometimes valuable in 
diarrhea where a good deal of pain is present. It may be needed 
in the intense pain present in peritonitis or pleurisy. A single 
dose of Opium and Quinine is sometimes given to break up 
a cold, the Opium producing free elimination through the skin. 
In case of severe cough Opium or Morphine is sometimes added 
to cough remedies, though in most cases Codeine is better. By 
reason of their power to dry the secretions they are sometimes 
given in small doses, together with Atropine, in coryza, or cold 
in the head. Morphine in ^-grain doses is best for this purpose. 
It is sometimes given to check severe hemorrhage in typhoid fever, 
although we believe that Atropine is a better remedy for this 



MEDICINES. 



737 



purpose, and especially if the patient is low. Atropine not only 
possesses the power to check hemorrhage, but is a stimulant, 
therefore there would be less danger from its use. Opium or 
Morphine is sometimes needed, but should never be resorted to 
except in extreme cases. 

Dose. — Of Opium, from T / 2 to i grain; of L,audanutn, from 10 
to 30 drops; of Morphine, from }i to li grain. These doses may 
be increased under the doctor's directions. 

Dover's Powder is a convenient form for the administration 
of Opium. Dover's Powder contains ten per cent of Opium, 
ten grains of Dover's Powder being equal to one grain of Opium. 

QUININE. 

Calisaya Bark contains a number of active principles, of which 
Quinine is the most important, in fact, is the only one which is 
used to any extent. In small doses Quinine is a valuable tonic 
by reason of its effects on the digestive organs, particularly the 
stomach. Small doses are stimulating; large ones somewhat 
depressing. One of the principal uses of Quinine has been as a 
remedy for malaria. 

Symptoms of Its Effects. — Singing in the ears. This is a result 
of its stimulating effect upon the auditory nerves. Quinine also 
stimulates uterine contractions, therefore should not be given 
during pregnancy. If taken by nursing mothers, it is partially 
eliminated in the milk. I<arge doses are said to lessen the 
amount of urea eliminated. 

Uses of Quinine. — In small doses Quinine acts as a stomachic, 
increasing the flow of the fluids of the stomach and thus aiding 
digestion and improving the appetite ; hence it is frequently used 
for this purpose, both alone and with other bitter tonics. It is 
valuable in convalescence. It is frequently combined with Iron 
in anaemic conditions. Quinine is believed to exhibit an inhib- 
itory effect upon the red blood corpuscles, and thus prevent, to 
some extent, their yielding up oxygen. This lessens tissue 
change and lowers temperature; hence Quinine is sometimes used 
in fevered conditions, though as a remedy for this particular pur- 
pose it is far less valuable than Aconite or Veratrum. During 
the inflammation preceding the formation of an abscess, and also 
during such formation, a large number of the white corpuscles 
which are in the circulation flow along to the inflamed and dis- 
tended vessels, lodge there, and are converted into pus. Quinine 
is believed to prevent to some extent the migration of the white 
corpuscles and thus lessen the amount of pus formation. As 
stated, however, its greatest value is its tonic properties and 
power to check malaria. The latter is of less importance than 
in former years, because many sections of the country, once 

47 



738 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

pervaded by the dread malaria, are now wholly free from that 
trouble. 

Dose. — As a tonic, from i to 3 grains three times a day before 
meals; for malaria, large doses are sometimes given. See Malar- 
ial Fevers. 

RHUBARB. 

Rhubarb contains two active principles, Chrysophanic Acid 
and Tannic Acid. When taken internally, it first acts as a 
laxative ; this is due to the irritating effects of the Chrysophanic 
Acid. The secondary action is that of the Tannic Acid, which 
checks bowel movement. Rhubarb also increases the flow of 
bile. This aids in elimination and in rendering the digestive 
tract in a healthier condition. Rhubarb in small doses produces 
a tonic effect on the walls of the stomach, hence is useful in 
dyspepsia. Its effects upon the liver render it of value where 
jaundice is present. It is a well known remedy, perfectly safe, 
and much used in the bowel difficulties of children. One of the 
best combinations is the following, which has been given else- 
where: 

Carbonate of Soda 1 drachm. 

Ipecac, Fluid Extract of % " 

Hydrastis, Fluid 6 " 

Rhubarb, Syrup of 4 ounces. 

Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful, more or less, every three hours, or as 
needed. 

SEIDLITZ SALTS— SALINE LAXATIVE. 

Seidlitz Salts, also called Saline Laxative, are a chemically 
pure form of Sulphate of Magnesia in effervescent combination. 
All irritants are removed, the taste is pleasant, and their effects 
are delightful and always satisfactory. Their value cannot be 
overestimated, and if made the basis of treatment in every home 
and used early, much sickness would be avoided. Seidlitz Salts 
are a prompt and sure relief in all forms of constipation, and in 
many forms of diarrhea. In diarrhea they remove all irritating 
substances, relieve congestion, and leave the digestive tract in a 
healthy condition. 

Symptoms of Their Effects. — In the proper dose Seidlitz Salts act 
as a safe and harmless purgative, and can be administered to chil- 
dren and those with a delicate constitution. Taken on an empty 
stomach, their action is prompt and certain. They cause active 
transudation, or passing of water from the blood and tissues into 
the digestive tract. They also possess diuretic properties and 
increase the action of the kidneys. 

Uses of Seidlitz Salts. — Seidlitz Salts are of value in fevers, 
acute or chronic, especially the former. Many acute fevers are 
due to. the condition of the digestive tract, and may be wholly 



MEDICINES. 739 

overcome by a liberal use of the Saline Laxative. During fever 
constipation usually exists, and with the increase in temperature 
putrefactive changes in the digestive tract take place more 
readily. The poisons resulting from such changes are absorbed 
and aid in lowering the vital powers, thus rendering the patient 
less able to ward off or withstand the threatened attack. A 
thorough flushing of the digestive tract at this time is of the 
utmost importance. This not only relieves the unhealthy con- 
ditions present, but drains the congested vessels which surround 
and supply the bowels. All forms of congestion or inflammation 
of the pelvic organs may be greatly benefited or cured by Saline 
Laxative. The drain upon the blood supply, both by the digest- 
ive tract and kidneys, aids in lowering blood pressure, and this 
slows the heart action. The internal vessels — those along the 
bowels — are continually being drained into the canal and refilled 
by draining the external vessels, or those nearer the surface. This 
flushing of the digestive tract lessens the heat along the inflamed 
canal, and at the same time the drain made upon the external 
vessels decreases their blood supply. This lessens tissue changes 
and lowers temperature, hence Seidlitz Salts are said to be cool- 
ing. This fact renders them of especial value during the summer 
months. In typhoid fever, attended with constipation, and in 
dysentery where the eliminations contain thick, tenacious secre- 
tions and pus, Seidlitz Salts are of especial value. The alkaline 
solution dissolves the unhealthy secretions along the mucous 
membrane, and thus facilitates their ready removal. The same is 
true in all other unhealthy conditions of the bowels where the 
mucous membrane is clogged and in an unhealthy condition. In 
chronic constipation a small dose of the Seidlitz Salts taken 
regularly, early in the morning on an empty stomach, or morning 
and night, will prove successful in overcoming the trouble. 

Seidlitz Salts not only clear the digestive tract and render 
it healthy and free from disease, but they neutralize the excess 
of acids which are often present in the blood. It is the presence of 
these acids — uric and lactic acids — that cause headache, rheuma- 
tism, neuralgia, sciatica and other painful conditions. It is not 
claimed that Seidlitz Salts are the best treatment for these troubles 
after they have developed, but it is claimed that by a liberal use 
of the remedy many attacks might be prevented. 

In all forms of catarrh of the stomach, whether the indiges- 
tion is the result of unwholesome food, overeating, or from an 
excessive use of alcoholic liquors, Seidlitz Salts dissolve the 
unhealthy secretions, drain the congested vessels and leave the 
mucous membrane clean and wholesome, the same as in the 
digestive tract. In eructations due to indigestion small doses of 
Seidlitz Salts will neutralize the gas and relieve the trouble. 



740 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

The digestive fluid of the stomach is acid. It is well known 
that acid fluids are increased by the addition of an alkali, and 
if small doses — j4 teaspoonful of Seidlitz Salts — are taken before 
meals, the digestive fluids of the stomach will be increased, diges- 
tion improved, and the bowels regulated at the same time. 

The system of drainage resulting from Seidlitz Salts renders 
them a valuable remedy in dropsy, whether of the abdominal 
cavity, chest cavity, plural cavity or around the heart. Dropsical 
conditions during pregnancy may be quickly relieved. Conges- 
tion or inflammation of the brain may often be greatly bene- 
fited or entirely relieved by the use of Seidlitz Salts. In blood 
poisoning from any cause, in puerperal fever following childbirth 
and in urgemic poisoning, they offer one of the most effectual 
means of freeing the system. In uraemic convulsions resulting 
from pregnancy or following childbirth, Salts in any form 
should not be relied upon, because their action is too slow. In 
milk leg decided benefit follows the use of Seidlitz Salts. 
In that form of Bright' s disease followed by dropsy in the 
abdominal cavity, producing pressure upon the heart and lungs 
and causing labored breathing and tumultuous heart action, 
small, continued doses of Seidlitz Salts, will give surprising 
results. The same is true in dropsy following rum drinker's 
liver. 

In acne, or that form of rash about the forehead and face, 
if the surface is bathed with one or two teaspoonfuls of Seidlitz 
Salts dissolved in half a glass of water, the greasy appearance 
will be relieved and the skin made to appear healthier and more 
natural. If the practice is continued, much of the oily matter 
which clogs the skin will also be dissolved and removed. 

Dose. — As a laxative, i heaping teaspoonful early in the morn- 
ing on an empty stomach ; as a cathartic, repeat the dose every 
hour until results; as a diuretic, or in dropsical conditions, take 
% teaspoonful in y 2 glass of water every hour through the day. 

Note. — The Abbott Alkaloidal Company of Ravenswood, Chicago, 
manufactures Saline Laxatives and the Sulphocarbolates. 

SENNA. 

Senna owes its well known cathartic action to an active prin- 
ciple called Cathartic Acid. Senna increases bowel action, 
causing free elimination. It is supposed to have a feeble action 
on the liver. It is always a safe and sure remedy, and produces 
satisfactory results. It is generally used in the form of tea or 
infusion made from the leaves. Senna leaves constitute the basis 
of the various teas sold throughout the country, such as Garfield 
Tea, Lane' 's Tea, Rocky Mountain Tea, etc. It is also the active 
ingredient in Syrup of Figs. When used alone, Senna tea 
sometimes causes nausea and griping pains, hence aromatics 



MEDICINES. 



741 



are usually added. Senna is frequently used with other cathartics, 
especially Rhubarb and Jalap. Confection of Senna, which is 
composed of Senna, Coriander seed, Iyicorice, Tamarinds and 
Cinnamon, is quite popular. 

Cathartic Acid is seldom used. A dose of it is fa of a grain. 

SQUILLS— Scillitin. 

Squills owes its medicinal properties to an active principle 
called Scillitin. Squills is an expectorant and diuretic, i. e., it 
increases the eliminations of the lungs and kidneys. When used 
in large doses, it acts as an irritant and produces vomiting and 
purging. 

Symptoms of its Effects. — The only symptoms are those just 
given, but it should never be carried to the point of producing 
such results. 

Uses of Squills. — L,ike Ipecac, Squills acts on the mucous 
membrane of the air passages, digestive tract and kidneys. In 
acute bronchitis it relieves the congestion present in the lungs 
and causes freer elimination. In health the mucous membrane 
of the bronchial tubes, like all other mucous membrane, furnishes 
just enough moisture to lubricate the surface and prevent friction. 
This moisture is thick like mucilage and is called mucus, hence 
the term mucous membrane. It is also sometimes called secretions. 
In chronic bronchitis the mucus is thick and tenacious and clogs 
more or less the air cells and small tubes, and this produces irri- 
tation and cough. By stimulating the action of the mucous 
membrane, Squills not only increases the amount of the secre- 
tions and drains the congested vessels, but such drainage thins 
the unhealthy exudate and aids in its freer elimination; hence 
it is a valuable expectorant in all forms of chronic lung 
affections. It stimulates the action of the kidneys, as stated, 
therefore should not be used in acute inflammation of those 
organs. In dropsical conditions not due to kidney disease, it aids 
in relieving the trouble by increasing the flow of urine. 

Dose. — Of the syrup, 10 to 30 drops every three hours; of 
the fluid extract, 1 drop every three hours; of Scillitin, the active 
principle, -^ of a grain every three hours. 

STROPHANTHUS— Strophanthin. 

Strophanthus is fully represented by its active principle, Stro- 
phanthin. Strophanthus is a powerful heart tonic. Its effects 
are the same as those of Digitalis, except that its action is more 
rapid and it does not contract the small vessels; Digitalis does. 
In case of feeble heart action where the pulse is irregular and 
wavering, Strophanthus will be found a valuable remedy. In 



742 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

typhoid fever, pneumonia, and in the so-called "tobacco heart,' 
it will prove of great service. See also Digitaus. 

Dose. — Of the tincture, 5 to 10 drops; of the fluid extract, 
1 to 2 drops; of Strophanthin, the active principle, yj^of a grain. 
May be given every three or four hours until effect. 

VERATRUM WWB-Veratrine. 

Veratrum Viride is fully represented by its active principle, 
Vera trine. This remedy is highly recommended in ursemic 
convulsions. It does not eliminate the poison, but aids in relax- 
ing the spasms. Aside from this its effects are similar to Aconite, 
already described, and, like Aconite, it is not recommended for 
those with a weak heart. It relieves congestion and inflamma- 
tion by dilating the small blood vessels and allowing the blood to 
drain away from the affected organ. It is claimed that it dilates 
the veins more than the arteries, hence it has been said that 
"Veratrum bleeds a person into his own veins." 

Dose. — Of the fluid extract, from 1 to 2 drops every two to four 
hours; of the active principle, Veratrine, y^^ of a grain. 



TO DISINFECT A ROOM AFTER A CONTAGIOUS 

DISEASE. 



By Samuei* J. Wilson, M. D. 

Formaldehyde is the most convenient and at the same time 
the most satisfactory disinfectant in use. It is a gas, but for 
convenience it is used in liquid form, sixty per cent of water 
being added. Formaldehyde will not injure furniture, clothing, 
lace curtains nor other goods. 

How to Use Formaldehyde. — First obtain a wide-mouthed 
bottle capable of holding six ounces. The cork should fit 
tightly, but should be perforated with a number of holes like 
those in a sprinkling can. Also make one large opening. 
Through this opening pass a glass tube long enough to reach to 
the bottom of the bottle. Now seal up all cracks around the 
windows, doors, and other places where there is a possibility for 
the Formaldehyde gas to escape. All bedding and clothing 
should be hung on a line or over chairs so that all parts will be 
exposed. Bureau drawers should be opened, and books, if 
present, should be stood upon end and partially opened. Next 
stretch a clothes line across the room and hang on it one or more 
sheets — one sheet and five ounces of Formaldehyde will be suf- 
ficient for a room containing not over one thousand cubic feet. 
The sheet should be hung so that it will nearly reach the floor. 
Lift up the bottom of it, and with the bottle containing the 
Formaldehyde and perforated cork, sprinkle the solution care- 
fully over its surface. It will be noticed that when the bottle is 
turned bottomside up, the air can pass through the glass tube to 
the bottom, and this aids in forcing the liquid out. As soon as 
the sprinkling is finished, leave the room and immediately seal 
the door of exit, close the keyhole, and also any cracks or spaces 
at the top, bottom or sides of the door. 

When exposed to air, Formaldehyde loses its strength rapidly, 
but it is customary to allow the room to remain closed for five 
hours, and then to open the doors and windows and admit fresh 
air in abundance. Also dissolve a few pounds of Copperas in a 
pail of water and pour through the sink or drain, if there is one 
present. This process, followed by thoroughly washing the floors 
and woodwork with soap and hot water, will make everything 
safe. 

We are not unmindful of the fact that for many years it has 
been customary to burn Sulphur in rooms as a means of disinfec- 
tion. There are many objections to Sulphur, notwithstanding 

743 



744 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 

its popularity. Sulphur fumes cause a grimy deposit over the 
walls, furniture and other articles with which they come in con- 
tact, leave a disagreeable odor for days and sometimes for 
weeks, and often cause an irritating and disagreeable cough 
among those occupying rooms in which it has been burned. 
Again, Sulphur will not destroy infection. 

Another objection to Sulphur is that it is apt to destroy more 
or less the various garments or clothing usually present. If 
the ceilings, walls, floor, carpet, furniture and other articles in 
a room were wet with water or steam and then exposed to the 
fumes of Sulphur, the results would be more satisfactory so far 
as destroying the poisons of the disease were concerned, but in 
this case everything in the room would also be destroyed. The 
Sulphur fumes would attract the oxygen from the water present, 
the increase in oxygen would change the fumes into strong 
Sulphuric Acid, and this acid would destroy every article of 
clothing, carpets, curtains, upholstered goods, etc., in the room. 
True, these might be removed, but in many cases they are not; 
and even if they were removed, the strong Sulphuric Acid would 
attack the woodwork, first destroying the varnish or paint and 
then more or less affecting the wood itself, leaving a black stain. 
Another important feature of Sulphur fumes in the presence of 
water is that they will also attract the oxygen from any and all 
kinds of colored goods, and this would destroy the colors at 
once as all colors contain oxygen. 

Like Sulphur, Formaldehyde is irritating to the air passages — 
the throat and lungs — yet it possesses several important advan- 
tages. First, it is a more powerful germicide; second, it does not 
destroy, in fact, produces no effect upon the most delicate fabric; 
third, it leaves no evidence of its former presence. 

After all, the principal advantage in using any disinfectant is 
found in the great abundance of fresh air which it is necessary to 
admit after its use. 



INDEX. 



NOTE. — For index of Herb Remedies, see page 762. For index oj 
Miscellaneous Household Receipts, see page 770. 



A 

Abdominal Dropsy 

Abortion 

Abortion, Dangers of 

Abortion, to Prevent 

Abscesses 1, 

Abscess oe the Mastoid Process. 
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGEN- 
CIES 

Asphyxia 

Bandages 

Bleeding from an Artery 

Bleeding from Cuts, Small 

Bleeding from Injury 

Bleeding from the Nose 

Bleeding from the Teeth 

Blows' 

Bruises 

Burns 

Choking . . f 

Collapse . . . . 

Collapse from Apoplexy 

Collapse from Concussion of the 
Brain 

Collapse from Compression of the 
Brain 

Collapse from Epilepsy 

Collapse from Hemorrhage .... 

Collapse from Injury 

Collapse from Intoxication 

Collapse from Opium 

Collapse from Uraemia 

Contusions 

Crushed Limbs 

Cuts, Small, Bleeding from 

Dislocations 

Dislocation of the Ankle 

Dislocation, Complicated 

Dislocation, Compound 

Dislocation of the Elbow 

Dislocation of a Finger 

Dislocation of the Hip 

Dislocation of the Jaw 



2 

422 
423 
423 

583 
108 

463 
464 

463 
464 
466 
464 

465 
467 
467 
467 
468 
469 
469 
471 

471 

471 
47i 
471 
470 
470 
47i 
471 
472 
472 
466 
472 
473 
473 
473 
473 
473 
473 
473 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGEN- 
CIES — Continued. 

Dislocation of the Knee 473 

Dislocation, Simple 473 

Dislocation of the Thumb 473 

Drowning 473 

Ear, Things in 474 

Eyeball, Injuries to 475 

Eye, Black 475 

Eye, Things in 475, 652 

Fainting 475 

Falls 476 

Fire in One's Clothing 476 

Foreign Bodies in the Eye 476 

Foreign Bodies in the Larynx. ... 477 
Foreign Bodies in the Oesopha- 
gus 477 

Fractures 478 

Fracture of the Arm 480 

Fracture of the Collar Bone 479 

Fracture of the Kneecap 480 

Fracture of the Leg 480 

Fracture of the Ribs 479 

Fracture of the Spinal Column.. 481 

Freezing 482 

Frostbite 482 

Heat-Stroke 482 

Insensibility 475 

Nose, Things in 483 

Scalds 468, 576, 588 

Shock 483 

Snake Bites 484 

Snake Bites, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 519,520,531,535,582 

590, 605 

Splints 463 

Sprains 485, 576 

Stings 486 

Strangulation 487 

Suffocation from Gas 464 

Sunstroke 482 

Throat, Things in 487 

Windpipe, Things in 487 



745 



746 



INDEX. 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGEN- 
CIES — Continued. 

Wounds 487 

Wounds, Contused 487 

Wounds, Gunshot 487 

Wounds, Incised 487 

Wounds, Open 487 

Wounds, Penetrating 487 

Wounds, Poisoned 487 

Wounds, Subcutaneous 487 

Acetate of Copper, Poisoning by 492 
Acetate of Lead, Poisoning by. . 492 

Acidity op the Stomach 330, 588 

Acne 303, 520 

Aconite 709 

Aconite, Poisoning by 492 

Addison's Disease 57 

Advice to Young Mothers 381 

Ague 2 

Ague, Miscellaneous Remedies 

for, 511, 529, 601, 604, 674 

Ague Cake 151 

Air Cells 240 

Air, Fresh 389 

Air Tubes 239 

Albuminuria 215 

Alcohol 6 

Alcohol, Poisoning by 492 

Alcohol, Test op its Purity 638 

Alcoholism 2 

Alcoholism, Chronic 3 

Alimentary Canal 90 

Allen's Lung Balsam 615 

Aloes 712 

Amenorrhea , 417 

Ammonia, Poisoning by 492 

Ammonia, Water op 639 

Amyloid Degeneration 228 

Anaemia 9 

Anaemia, Pernicious 11 

Anasarca 103 

Aneurism 13 

Angina Pectoris 174 

Ankle, Dislocation op 473 

Anthrax 282 

Anti-Fat 615 

Antimony, Poisoning by 493 

Antiseptic Remedies 712 

Antiseptics for the Digestive 

Tract 713 

Antiseptics for Typhoid Fever. . 133 

Anti-Vaccination 141 

ANUS, DISEASES OF 14 

Fissure of 14, 533 

Fistula IS 

Hemorrhoids, or Piles 15 



ANUS, DISEASES OV— Continued. 
Piles, Miscellaneous Remedies 
for, 5io,523,54S,553,56o,576, 579 
582, 592, 596, 601, 610, 611, 612 
663,664,665, 670 

Prolapsus Ani 17 

Prolapsus Ani, Miscellaneous 
Remedies for, . .558, 599, 607, 610 

Aphasia — Loss of Speech 18 

Aphonia — Loss of Voice 18 

Apoplexy 18, 578, 603 

Appendicitis 20 

Appetite, Remedies to Improve, 

5ii, 544, 595 

Apthae 454 

Aqua Fortis, Poisoning by 493 

Argyl-Robertson Sign 238 

Arm, Fracture of 480 

Arsenic 716 

Arsenic, Poisoning by 493 

Arterial Sclerosis 28 

Artery, Bleeding from 464 

Ascites 103 

Asiatic Cholera 70 

Asphyxia 464 

Asthma 23 

Asthma, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 515, 520, 521, 542, 545, 551 
554, 555, 556, 562, 563, 569, 570, 573 
577, 578, 594, 597, 601, 602, 603, 610 

613 
Atheroma — Artery Degeneration 28 

Atrophy 28 

Atrophy, Acute Yellow 229 

Ayer's Cherry Pectoral 615 

Ayer's Hair Vigor 615 

Ayer's Sarsaparilla , 616 

B 

Baby, Care of the 402 

Back, Weak, Plasters for. .668, 672 

Baldness 30 

Balm of a Thousand Flowers.. 616 

Balsams 639 

Bandages 463 

Barber's Itch 316 

Barrel's Indian Liniment 616 

Bath, About 384 

Baths, Hot or Cold 640 

Bay Rum 616, 682 

Bed Sores 32 

Beecham's Pills 616 

Beef Tea 641 

Belladonna 717 

Belladonna, Poisoning by 494 



INDHX. 



747 



Bellyache 33 

"Big G" Injection 616 

Bilious Colic 75 

Bilious Fever 152, 523, 543 

Biliousness 231 

Biliousness, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 516, 522, 523, 528, 605, 612 

Bilious Typhoid Fever 154 

Birth Marks 301 

Bismuth, Poisoning by 494 

Bites from Insects 486 

Bites from Poisonous Reptiles.. 484 

Bitters, Tonic 676 

Blackberry Cordial 641 

Black Eye 475 

Blackheads 304 

Black Oil Liniment 616 

BLADDER, DISEASES OF 35 

Dysuria 35 

Gravel 38 

Gravel, or Stone, Miscellaneous 
Remedies for, 509, 514, 521, 540, 553 
554, 577, 579, 585, 587, 596, 604, 654 

Inflammation 36 

Stone in the 38 

Bladder, Diseases of, Miscellan- 
eous Remedies for, 537,542,546, 563 
579,58o,58i,597,599, 611 

Blebs 40 

Bleeder's Disease 169 

Bleeding from an Artery 464 

Bleeding from Cuts, Small 466 

Bleeding from Injury 464 

Bleeding from the Nose 465 

Bleeding from the Teeth 467 

Blepharitis 122 

Blister 40 

Blistering Flies, Poisoning by. . 494 

Blood Blister 40 

Blood Poisoning 40, 547 

Blood Purifying Remedies. . . 512, 522 
546, 573, 588, 590, 600, 612, 641, 642 

Blood, Spitting of 537 

Bloody Flux 91 

Bloody Urine 43, 545 

Blows 467 

Blue Vitriol, Poisoning by 494 

Boils 43 

Boils, Miscellaneous Remedies 
for, 508, 558' 593, 607, 672 

BONE DISEASES 43 

Abscess of 45 

Atrophy of ,. 48 

Death of 47 

Hypertrophy of 48 

Inflammation of 44 



BONE DISEASES— Continued. 

Softening of 46 

Ulceration of 45 

Bones, Broken — Fractures 467 

Bordet's Hair Tonic 617 

Boschee's German Syrup 617 

Bowel Complaints, Miscellane- 
ous Remedies for, 509, 523, 531, 536 
539, 54i, 546, 552, 553, 562, 578, 581 

652 
Bowels, About Keeping Regular, 385 

Bowels, Inflammation of 48 

BRAIN, DISEASES OF 49 

Abscess of 57 

Concussion of 56 

Hardening of 56 

Hemorrhage of — Apoplexy 18 

Meningitis 49 

Meningitis, Cerebro- Spinal 50 

Meningitis, Tubercular 52 

Softening of 53 

Tumors on 57 

Water on 57 

Brandreth's Pills 617 

Breasts, Diseases of 432 

Breasts of Infants, Milk in 434 

Bright' s Disease 211, 212 

Brinkerhoff's Fissure System of 

Treatment 618 

Brinkerhoff's Pile Remedy 617 

Brinkerhoff's Ulcer Specific 618 

British Oil 656 

Broken Breast 432 

Bromides, The 719 

Bronchitis 241 

Bronchitis, Capillary 244 

Bronchitis, Chronic 243 

Bronchitis, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 517,536,538,546,547,554 
556, 577, 592, 597, 613, 645, 656, 667 

Bronchocele 166 

Bronzed Skin 57 

Brown's Bronchial Troches.... 618 

Brown's Liniment 656 

Bruises 467, 546, 657, 672 

Bucklen's Arnica Salve 618 

Buckley's Uterine Tonic 636 

Bull's Cough Syrup 6:9 

Bunions 58 

Burns 468, 588, 601 

Bursa, Enlarged 58 



Camp Fever 135 

Camphorated Oil 656 



; 4 8 



INDEX. 



Camphorated Oil Liniment 671 

Camphor Ice 619 

Camphor Liniment 656 

Camphor, Poisoning by 494 

Cancer 59 

Cancer op the Stomach 335 

Cancerous Tumors, Miscellane- 
ous Remedies for, 510, 519, 583, 644 

669 

Cancrum Oris 456 

Canker Sore Mouth 454, 518 

Capillary Bronchitis 244 

Carbolic Acid, Poisoning by 494 

Carbonate op Lead, Poisoning by, 495 
Carbonic Acid Gas, Poisoning by, 495 

Carbuncle 63, 520 

Care op Baby 402 

Care op Young Girls 380 

Caries 45 

Carter's Little Liver Pills 619 

Cascara Cordial Laxative 642 

Cascara Sagrada 720 

Castoria 619 

Catalepsy 65 

Cataract 124 

Catarrh 65 

Catarrh, Chronic Nasal 66 

Catarrh op the Ear 108 

Catarrh, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for 560, 574, 594, 643, 644 

Cathartic Remedies, Miscellan- 
eous 513, 530, 534, 54i, 561, 59i 

Caustics 644 

Cerebro- Spinal Meningitis 50 

Cervico-Brachial Neuralgia .... 263 
Cervico- Occipital Neuralgia .... 263 
Chamberlain's Colic and Chol- 
era Remedy 619 

Chamberlain's Relief 619 

Chancre 369 

Chancroid 369 

Change of Life 410 

Chapped Hands 68 

CHAPTER ON MEDICINES, A 706 

Chicken Pox 136 

Chilblains 69, 662, 663 

Child-Bed Fever 429 

CHILDREN, DISEASES OF... 448 

Capillary Bronchitis 244 

Cholera Infantum 73 

Deformities 450 

Eyes, Sore at Birth 450 

Fractures of 451 

Hair Lip 451 

Hernia, Inguinal 451 

Hernia, Umbilical 452 



CHILDREN, DISEASES OF— Con- 
tinued. 

Incontinence of Urine 452 

Jaundice, Pernicious 453 

Mother's Mark 454 

Mouth, Diseases of 454 

Apthae — Thrush — Canker Sore 

Mouth 454 

Cancrum Oris — Gangrene of 

the Mouth 456 

Mumps 256 

Night Terror 457 

Paralysis, Infantile 458 

Phimosis' 459 

Rickets 294 

Spasms 460 

Stomach and Bowel Difficulties. 460 

Tongue-Tie 461 

Urine, Incontinence of 452 

Urine, Retention of 453 

Worms, Round 461 

Worms, Thread or Seat 462 

Children's Doses 638 

Children's Prescriptions, Miscel- 
laneous 644 

Chill 69 

Chills and Fever 150 

Chloral 721 

Chloral-Hydrate 721 

Chlorosis 420, 589 

Choking 469 

Cholera 70 

Cholera, Asiatic 70 

Cholera Infantum 73 

Cholera Infantum, Miscellane- 
ous Remedies for, 519, 523, 541, 557 

Cholera Morbus 72 

Cholera Morbus, Miscellaneous 
Remedies for, 523, 535, 537, 552, 579 

649 

Chordee 375 

Chorea 296 

Cirrhosis 7, 75, 211, 233, 538 

Cobalt, Poisoning by 495 

Codeine 721 

Cod Liver Oil Emulsion 619 

Coke Dandruff Cure 620 

Colchicum 722 

Colds 77 

Colds, Miscellaneous Remedies 
for, 514, 538, 539, 547, 55*, 559, 560 
567, 578, 579, 589, 595, 597, 604, 605 
644, 645, 648, 667, 670 

Colic, Bilious 75 

Colic, Flatulent or Wind 75 

Colic, Lead 77 



INDEX. 



749 



Colic, Renal 217 

Colic, Miscellaneous Remedies 
for, 512, 515, 532, 533, 536, 543, 548 
550, 552, 562, 565, 567, 576, 579, 581 
589, 599, 600, 601, 610, 649 

Collapse 469 

Collar Bone, Fracture of 479 

Color Blindness 117 

Confection of Senna 741 

Confinement 421 

Confinement, to Calculate Time 

of, 421 

Confinement, Preparations for. . 398 
Confinement Remedies, Miscel- 
laneous, . . . 520, 524, 526, 536, 580 

Congestion of the Kidneys 215 

Congestion of the Liver 231 

Congestion of the Lungs 247 

Congestive Chill 156 

Congestive Fever 156 

Conjunctivitis 119 

Constipation 81 

Constipation, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 515, 521, 527, 595, 667 

Consumption 351, 358 

Consumption, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 508, 514, 528, 529, 536 

538, 539, 559, 56o, 562, 576, 596, 597 

609, 613, 675 

Contusions 472 

Convulsions 82, 549, 583, 593, 608 

Corns 82, 649 

Corpulence 268 

Corrosive Sublimate, Poisoning by 495 
Cosmetics, About 387 

COSTIVENESS 8l 

Costiveness, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 515, 521, 527, 595, 667 

Coughs 77 

Coughs, Miscellaneous Remedies 

for, 509, 510, 51 1, 518, 520, 521, 527 

529, 533, 539, 546, 547, 55i, 555, 557 

559, 560, 562, 563, 567, 570, 577, 589 

594, 597, 602, 639, 648, 649, 667, 673 

Cramps 83, 540, 558, 599 

Cram's Fluid Lightning Lini- 
ment 656 

Creams, Face 677 

Creosote, Poisoning by 496 

Crisis, The First 382 

Croup, Membranous 103 

Croup, Spasmodic 84 

Croup, Miscellaneous Remedies 

for, 551, 569, 579, 592, 645 

Crushed Limbs 472 

Cuticura Ointment 620 



Cuticura Resolvent 620 

Cuts, Small, Bleeding from 466 

Cyanosis 24 

D 

Dandruff 85 

Dandruff Cure, Coke 620 

Davis' (Perry) Pain Killer 620 

Deadly Nightshade, Poisoning by 496 

Deafness 85 

Debility, General, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for 511, 512, 515, 523 

537, 542, 544, 552, 579, 596, 605, 675 

Decoctions 506 

Deformities of Children 450 

Delirium 87 

Delirium Tremens 5, 534 

Diabetes Insipidus 90 

Diabetes Mellitus 87 

Diarrhea 90 

Diarrhea, Chronic 93 

Diarrhea, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 514,515,518,519,521, 523 
529, 54i, 544, 552, 556, 557, 564, 567 
576, 577, 579, 581, 586, 600, 603, 612 

649, 670 

Diet, As to 385 

Digestion 324 

Digitalis 723 

Digitalis, Poisoning by 496 

DlLITATION OF THE HEART l8o 

Diphtheria 99, 575 

Diphtheria, Laryngeal 103 

Disinfection 391 

Disinfect a Room, To 743 

Dislocations 472 

Displacements of the Womb.... 436 
Dobell's Solution for Nasal Ca- 
tarrh 643 

Dogwood, Poisoning by 504 

Doses for Children 638 

Doses for Different Ages 638 

Dover's Powder 737 

Dress for Young Girls 383 

Dress for Young Women 387 

Drinks, Effervescing 651 

Drops 649 

DROPSY 103 

Anasarca 103 

Ascites 103 

Hydrocele 103 

Hydrocephalus 103 

Hydronephrosis 220 

Hydropericarditis 103 

Hydropneumothorax 103 



75o 



INDEX. 



DROPSY— Continued. 

Hydrothorax 103 

Oedema 103 

Dropsy, Miscellaneous Remedies 
for, 514, 521, 523, 526, 527, 531, 543 
545, 546, 548, 550, 55i, 554, 56o, 564 
570, 573, 574, 578, 579, 580, 591, 596 

597, 602 

Drowning 473 

Drunkenness 2 

Drunkenness, Gold Cure for. .. . 622 

Dysentery 91 

Dysentery, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, . 515, 517, 518, 519, 521 
523, 529, 533, 54i, 544, 550, 556, 557 
565, 569, 579, 58i, 586, 590, 603, 607 

612, 673 

Dysmenorrhea 418 

Dyspepsia 327 

Dyspepsia, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 508, 512, 514, 515, 521, 528 
533, 535, 539, 540, 542, 544, 546, 548 
552, 559, 562, 568, 570, 595, 599, 600 
607,650,651,667, 67ft 
Dysuria 35 



EAR, DISEASES OF 105 

Abscess of the Mastoid Process. 108 

Catarrh of the Ear 108 

Earache . 107, 602 

Ear, Things in 474 

Eczema 305, 517, 520 

Effervescing Citrate of Magne- 
sia 651 

Effervescing Drinks 651 

Elbow, Dislocation of 473 

Electricity in Paralysis 272 

Ely's Cream Balm 621 

Emetics 491, 525, 569 

Endocarditis 178 

Enteric Fever 108 

Epilepsy 108 

Epilepsy, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 518,526,542,549,565, 573 

574, 577, 583, 673 

Ergot 427, 725 

Eructations no 

Erysipelas in, 519, 546, 582 

Erysipelas, Phlegmonous 112 

Espey's Cream 621 

Exercise, About 386 

Eyeball, Injuries to 475 

EYE, DISEASES OF 113 

Blepharitis 122 



EYE, DISEASES OF— Continued. 

Cataract 124 

Color Blindness 117 

Conjunctivitis — Inflammation of 

the Lids 119 

Conjunctivitis, Catarrhal 119 

Conjunctivitis, Diphtheritic .... 122 

Conjunctivitis, Granular 120 

Conjunctivitis, Muco-Purulent. . 119 

Conjunctivitis, Purulent 121 

Far-Sightedness 116 

Far-Sightedness of Old Age 117 

Iritis 123 

Near-Sightedness 117 

Ophthalmia 117 

Pterygium 125 

Strabismus 117 

Sty 125 

Eye, Black 475 

Eyes, Inflammation of, Miscel- 
laneous Remedies for, . . 519, 548 
549, 555, 558, 576, 610, 652, 669 

Eyes, Sore at Birth 450 

Eyes, Things in 475, 652 



Face Creams 677 

Face Powders 678 

Fahnestock's Vermifuge 621 

Fainting 126, 475, 566 

Falling Sickness 108 

Falls 476 

Famine Fever 154 

Farcy 165 

Far-Sightedness 116, 117 

Fat 268 

Fatty Degeneration 176 

Feeding the Baby 406 

Feigned Sickness 255 

Fellows' Hypophosphites 621 

Felon 126, 527 

Female Complaints, Miscellan- 
eous Remedies for, . .526, 539, 544 

596, 598, 675 
Fever and Ague 150 

FEVERS 128 

Bilious Fever 152 

Chicken Pox 136 

Congestive Fever 156 

Eruptive Fevers 136 

Intermittent Fever 150 

Intermittent Fever, Miscellane- 
ous Remedies for, 514, 516, 523, 528 

562, 674 

Malarial Fevers 149 



INDEX. 



751 



FEVERS— Continued. 

Measles 142 

Measles, False 144 

Pernicious Fever 156 

Relapsing Fever 154 

Remittent Fever 152 

Remittent Fever, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 514, 523,543 

Scarlatina — Scarlet Fever 145 

Smallpox 137 

Typhoid Fever 130 

Typho-Malarial Fever 154 

Typhus Fever 135 

Yellow Fever 135 

Fevers, Miscellaneous Remedies 

for, 5ii, 527, 540, 545, 546, 549, 559 

571, 575, 578, 582, 589, 604, 605, 611 

612, 644, 674 

Fever Sore 159 

Finger, Dislocation of 473 

Fire in One's Clothing 476 

Fish, Poisoning by 496 

Fish-Skin Disease 307 

Fissure 14, 533 

Fistula 15, 558, 644, 657 

Fits 160 

Flatulency, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 532, 533, 544, 566, 649, 650 

Flatulent Colic 75 

Flooding 428 

Fluxes 518, 549 

Fomentations 506, 652 

Food for Babies Who Cannot be 

Nursed 407 

Food, Infant's 448 

Foods, About 392 

Fool's Parsley, Poisoning by... 496 

Foreign Bodies in the Eye 476 

Foreign Bodies in the Larynx 477 

Foreign Bodies in the Oesophagus 477 

Foxglove, Poisoning by 496 

Fractures 478 

Fractures of Children 451 

Freckles 307 

Freezing 482 

Frostbite 482 

Frostilla 622 

Fungus Disease . .,....., 160 



O 

Gall Stones 160, 578 

Gangrene 163 

Gangrene, Constitutional 163 

Gangrene, Embolic 163 

Gangrene, Hospital , 16$ 



Gangrene of the Lungs 251 

Gangrene, Moist 163 

Gangrene of the Mouth 456 

Gangrene, Phlegmonous 163 

Gangrene, Senile, or Dry 163 

Gangrene, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 523, 560, 609 

Garfield Tea 740 

Gargles 576, 653 

Gargling Oil 622 

Gastralgia 333 

Gastric Fever 336 

Gelsemium 725 

Giles' Iodide of Ammonia Lini- 
ment 657 

Gin Liver 165 

Girls, Care of Young 380 

Glanders 165 

Gleet 375 

Gleet, Miscellaneous Remedies 

for, 521, 588, 598, 599 

Glonoin 726 

Godfrey's Cordial Without Opi- 
um 647 

Goitre 166, 518 

"Gold Cure" for Drunkenness. . 622 

'Gonorrhea ". 373 

Gonorrhea, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 509, 540, 543, 565, 572, 577 
586, 587, 590, 598, 60; 
Good Samaritan Cough Syrup. . . 623 

Good Samaritan Liniment 623 

Gout 167 

Gout, Miscellaneous Remedies 
for, 535, 536, 545, 546, 552, 580, 585 
606, 658, 669, 670, 671 

Gravel, or Stone 38, 217 

Gravel, or Stone, Miscellaneous 
Remedies for, 509, 514, 521, 540, 553 

554, 577, 579, 585, 587, 596, 604, 654 

Greene's Nervura 624 

Green Mountain Salve 624 

Green's August Flower 624 

Green Sickness 420 

Gums, Spongy 521, 606 

Gunshot Wounds 487 

Gurgling of Intestines 169 

H 

Haemophilia — Bleeder's Disease. 169 

Hair, Care of 384 

Hair, Receipts for, 596, 678, 679, 680 

681, 682 

Hair Restoratives, Lead in 624 

Hair's (W. B.) Asthma Cure. . 624 



752 



INDEX. 



Hall's Catarrh Cure 625 

Hall's Hair Renewer 626 

Handy Tables 508 

Harelip 451 

Harlem Oil 626 

Hay Fever 170, 554 

Headache 170 

Headache, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 518,538,545,555,556, 595 

599, 602, 653 

Headache, Nervous 171,512, 537 

Headache, Periodical 172 

Headache, Sick 170 

Heartburn 181, 581, 670 

HEART, DISEASES OF 173 

Angina Pectoris 174 

Dilatation 180 

Endocarditis 178 

Fatty Degeneration 176 

Hydropericarditis 103 

Hypertrophy 178 

Palpitation of 174, 666 

Pericarditis 177 

Pseudo-Angina 176 

Regurgitation 180 

Stenosis 180 

Heart Diseases, Miscellaneous 
Remedies for, . . . 5M, 548, 578, 603 

Heat-Stroke 482 

Hellebore, Poisoning by 497 

Hemicrania 262 

Hemiplegia 269 

Hemlock, Poisoning by 497 

Hemorrhage 182 

Hemorrhage, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 515, 520, 521, 550, 572, 577 

610, 612 

Hemorrhage from Injury 184 

Hemorrhage, Intestinal, 183, 519, 557 

Hemorrhage from Lungs 183 

Hemorrhage from Stomach 183 

Hemorrhoids 15 

Henbane, Poisoning by 497 

HERB REMEDIES* 505 

Hernia (Rupture) 184 

Hernia, Inguinal 45i 

Hernia, Irreducible 184 

Hernia, Reducible 184 

Hernia, Strangulated 184 

Hernia, Umbilical 452 

Herpes (Shingles) 318 

Herpes, Miscellaneous Remedies 

for, 529, 530, 564, 663 

Hiccough 185, 533 

Hip, Dislocation of 473 

Hip Joint Disease 205 

♦ For list of Herb Remedies, see page 762. 



Hives 308 

Hoarseness 510, 557, 570 

Hop Bitters 626 

Hostetter's Bitters 626 

Hot Flashes 411 

House Sanitation 388 

Humpback 295 

Hunyadi Janos Water 626 

Hydrocele 103 

Hydrocephalus 103 

Hydronephrosis 220 

Hydropericarditis 103 

Hydrophobia 187 

Hydrophobia, Hysterical 189 

Hydrophobia, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 535, 582, 583 

Hydrothorax 103 

Hypochondria 190 

Hypochondria, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 529, 559, 568 

Hysteria 190 

Hysteria, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 512, 526, 534, 536, 542, 545 
548, 566, 569, 573, 589, 604, 607, 649 



I 

Incontinence of Urine 452 

Indigestion 327 

Indigestion, Catarrhal 331 

Indigestion, Chronic 331 

Indigestion, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 512, 514, 533, 559,568, 599 

Infant Feeding 448 

Inflammation 191 

Inflammation of the Bladder... 36 

Inflammation of Bone 44 

Inflammation of the Bowels... 91 
Inflammation of the Brain 

(Meningitis) 49 

Inflammation of Breasts 432 

Inflammation of the Eyes.. 119, 123 
Inflammation of the Heart 

(Endocarditis) 178 

Inflammation of the Heart 

( Pericarditis) 177 

Inflammation of the Kidneys 

(Bright's Disease) 211, 212 

Inflammation of the Liver .... 233 
Inflammation of the Lungs 

(Pneumonia) 248 

Inflammation of the Ovaries... 447 
Inflammation of the Spinal 

Cord 258 

Inflammation of the Womb .... 440 



INDEX. 



753 



Inflammations, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 524, 545, 550, 558, 576 
582, 593, 596, 600, 609, 674 

Influenza 191, 527 

Infusions 506 

Injection Brou 626 

Injury, Bleeding from 464 

Insanity 194 

Insensibility 475 

Insomnia 198 

Intercostal Neuralgia 263 

Intermittent Fever 150 

Intermittent Fever, Miscellan- 
eous Remedies for, 511,514, 516 
523, 528, 529, 562, 601, 604, 674 

Intersusception 200 

Intestinal Obstruction 198 

Iodine 727 

Iodine, Poisoning by 727 

Ipecac 728 

Iritis 123 

Iron 730 

Itch 309, 564, 566, 664, 672 

Ivy, Poisoning by 504, 530 



Jaborandi 731 

Jail Fever 135 

Jalap 733 

Jaundice 203 

Jaundice, Malignant 229 

Jaundice, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 512,515,516,518,528, 552 
555, 559, 57i, 579, 602, 667 

Jaundice, Pernicious 453 

Jaw, Dislocation of 473 

Jayne's Expectorant 627 

JOINTS,. DISEASES OF 204 

Hip Joint Disease 205 

Stiff Joint 208 

White Swelling 207, 607, 658 

K 

Keeley Cure 622 

Kennedy's Medical Discovery... 627 

KIDNEYS, DISEASES OF 209 

Abscess of 210 

Albuminuria 215 

Amyloid Degeneration of 210 

Bright's Disease 211, 212 

Cirrhosis of 211 

Congestion of 215 

Floating Kidney 216 

Gravel 217 

Hydronephrosis 220 

Stone in 217 

48 



Kidney Diseases, Miscellaneous 
Remedies for, 510, 514, 530, 533, 537 
579, 580, 582, 587, 598, 599, 601, 611 

rr , t+ 654 ' 667 

King s Evil 220 

King's New Discovery 627 

Kneecap, Fracture of 480 

Knee, Dislocation of 473 

L 

Labor 425 

Labor, After It is Over 399 

La Grippe 191 

Lane's Tea , 740 

Laryngitis 220 

Larynx, Oedema of 222 

Laudanum, Poisoning by 497 

Laurel, Mountain, Poisoning by 497 

Laxol 654 

Lead Paralysis, To Avoid 666 

Lead Poisoning 223, 578, 666 

Leg, Fracture of 480 

Leprosy 309 

Lethian Liniment 657 

Leucaemia — White Blood 224 

Leucorrhea ". 445 

Leucorrhea, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 509, 515, 520, 521, 543, 558 
572, 582, 588, 590, 600, 607, 675 

Liebig's Corn Cure 627 

Lime, Poisoning by 498 

Lime Water, To Make 655 

Liniments 656 

LIVER, DISEASES OF 225 

Abscess of 227 

Amyloid Degeneration of 228 

Atrophy, Acute Yellow 229 

Cirrhosis 233 

Congestion of 231 

Gin Drinker's 233 

Inflammation, Chronic 233 

"Liver Complaint" 231 

Liver Diseases, Miscellaneous 
Remedies for, 508, 515, 521, 522, 527 
540, 543, 548, 55i, 553, 568, 579, 584 
595, 598, 609, 659, 667 

Liver Spots 31 1 

Lockjaw 234, 583, 607 

Locomotor Ataxia 236 

Lordosis 2 °5 

Low Spirits 516, 528 

Lumbago 283, 558 

Lumpjaw 239 

Lunar Caustic, Poisoning by 498 

LUNGS, DISEASES OF 239 

Bronchitis 241 

Bronchitis, Capillary 244 



754 



INDBX. 



LUNGS, DISEASES OF— Continued. 

Bronchitis, Chronic 243 

Bronchitis, Miscellaneous Reme- 
edies for, . . 517, 536, 538, 546, 547 

554, 556, 577, 592, 597, 613, 645, 656 

667 

Cirrhosis 358 

Congestion of 247 

Gangrene of 251 

Hemorrhage of 183 

Pleuro- Pneumonia 254 

Pneumonia 248 

Pulmonary Tuberculosis 351 

Lung Diseases, Miscellaneous 
Remedies for, 516, 520, 523, 538, 550 

555, 559, 560, 569, 570, 577, 584, 639 

640, 659, 673 
Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Com- 
pound 628 

Lymphatic Vessels and Glands. 359 
Lyon's Kathairon 628 



M 



Madame Ruppert's Face Bleach . 628 

Magnetic Pain Killer 629 

MALARIAL FEVERS 149 

Intermittent Fever 150 

Intermittent Fever, Miscellane- 
ous Remedies for, 511, 514, 516 
523, 528, 529, 562, 601, 604, 674 

Pernicious Fever 156 

Relapsing Fever 154 

Remittent Fever 152 

Remittent Fever, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 514, 523, 543 

Typho-Malarial Fever 154 

Malingering 255 

Malvina Cream 628 

Malvina Lotion 628 

Marriage, About 387 

Mayer's German Ointment 662 

Measles 142 

Measles, False 144 

Medicines for Baby 409 

Megrim 262 

Meningitis 49 

Meningitis, Cerebro- Spinal 50 

Meningitis, Tubercular 52 

Menorrhagia 419 

Menstruation 415 

Menstruation Between Periods . . 

(Metorrhagia) 420 

Menstruation, Diminished 416 

Menstruation, Painful (Dysme- 
norrhea) 418 



Menstruation, Profuse (Menor- 
rhagia) 419 

Menstruation, Suppressed (Amen- 
orrhea) 417 

Menstruation, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 511, 512, 524, 528, 531 

533, 538, 54i, 542, 546, 548, 549, 563 
564, 568, 571, 580, 588, 589, 59i, 594 

603,667, 676 

Metorrhagia 420 

Micajah's Medicated Uterine 

Wafers 629 

Milk, Boiled .- 659 

Milk Fever 432 

Milk Leg 431 

Milk Sickness 256 

Miscarriage 422 

Mole 302 

Mollites Ossium 46 

Monk's Head, Poisoning by 498 

Monthly Illness 386 

Morphine 735 

Morphine, Poisoning by 498 

Mortification . 163 

Mothers, Advice to Young 381 

Mother's Mark 454 

MOUTH, DISEASES OF 454 

Apthae 454 

Cancrum Oris 456 

Canker Sore Mouth 454 

Gangrene of the Mouth 456 

Thrush 454 

Mouth, Sore, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 527, 554, 557, 572 

588, 589 

Mucilaginous Drinks 492 

Mumps 256 

Muriatic Acid, Poisoning by.... 498 

Mushrooms, Poisoning by 498 

Myelitis 258 

N 

Nausea . . 259, 537, 544, 553, 581, 596 

606 

Near-Sightedness 117 

Necrosis 47 

Nervous Disorders, Miscellane- 
ous Remedies for, 513, 526, 531, 532 

534, 538, 545, 553, 559, 564, 566, 567 
569, 575, 589, 593, 604, 608, 667, 67b 

Nervousness 260 

Nettle Rash 308 

Neuralgia, of the Face 262 

Neuralgia, of the Loins 263 

Neuralgia, of the Neck and Arm 263 
Neuralgia, of the Neck and Head 263 



INDBX. 



755 



Neuralgia, of the Side 263 

Neuralgia, of the Thigh 263 

Neuralgia, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 509,531,535,560,562, 563 
574, 610, 658, 660, 661 
Neuralgic Pills, Brown-Se- 

quard's 660 

Neuralgic Pills, Gross' 661 

Nightmare 457 

Night Sweats 266, 579, 661 

Night Terror 457 

Nipples, Sore 433 

Nitrate of Silver, Poisoning by. 499 

Nitre, Poisoning by 499 

Nitric Acid, Poisoning by 499 

Nitroglycerine 726 

Nocturnal Emissions 267 

Nose, Bleeding from 465 

Nose, Things in 483 

Nursing the Baby 402 

Nux Vomica 733 

Nux Vomica, Poisoning by 499 



Obesity 268 

Oedema 103 

Oesophagus, Foreign Bodies in . . 477 
Oil of Almonds, Poisoning by. . . 499 

Oil of Cedar, Poisoning by 499 

Oil of Rue, Poisoning by 499 

Oil of Savin, Poisoning by 499 

Oil of Tansy, Poisoning by 500 

Oil of Tar, Poisoning by 500 

Oil of Vitriol, Poisoning by.... 500 

Ointments 506, 662 

Ophthalmia 117 

Opium 735 

Opium, Poisoning by 500 

Orange Blossom 629 

Osteo-Malatia 46 

Osteo-Myelitis 44 

Ostitis 44 

Ovarian Tumors 448 

Ovaries, Inflammation of 447 

Oxalic Acid, Poisoning by 501 



Paine' s Celery Compound 629 

Painter's Colic 77 

Painter's Paralysis, to Avoid... 666 

Palpitation of the Heart. . 174, 666 

Palsy, Numb 271 

Paralysis 269 

Paralysis, Agitans 269 

Paralysis, Infantile 458 



Paralysis, Miscellaneous Reme- 

dies for, 558, 575, 579 

Paraplegia 269 

Paregoric 34 

Paris Green, Poisoning by 501 

Parke-Davis' Uterine Tonic 636 

PATENT AND SECRET PREP- 
ARATIONS 615 

Allen's Lung Balsam 615 

Anti-Fat 615 

Ayer's Cherry Pectoral 615 

Ayer's Hair Vigor 615 

Ayer's Sarsaparilla 616 

Balm of a Thousand Flowers. . . 616 

Barrel's Indian Liniment 616 

Bay Rum 616 

Beecham's Pills 616 

"Big G" Injection 616 

Black Oil Liniment 616 

Bordet's Hair Tonic 617 

Boschee's German Syrup 617 

Brandreth's Pills 617 

Brinkerhoff's Fissure System of 

Treatment 618 

Brinkerhoff's Pile Remedy 617 

Brinkerhoff's Ulcer Specific 618 

Brown's Bronchial Troches .... 618 

Bucklen's Arnica Salve 618 

Bull's Cough Syrup 619 

Camphor Ice 619 

Carter's Little Liver Pills 619 

Castoria 619 

Chamberlain's Colic and Cholera 

Remedy 619 

Chamberlain's Relief 619 

Cod Liver Oil Emulsion 619 

Coke Dandruff Cure 620 

Cuticura Ointment 620 

Cuticura Resolvent 620 

Davis' (Perry) Pain Killer 620 

Ely's Cream Balm 621 

Espey's Cream 621 

Fahnestock's Vermifuge 621 

Fellows' Hypophosphites 621 

Frostilla 622 

Gargling Oil 622 

"Gold Cure" for Drunkenness.. 622 
Good Samaritan Cough Syrup.. 623 

Good Samaritan Liniment 623 

Greene's Nervura 624 

Green Mountain Salve 624 

Green's August Flower 624 

Hair Restoratives, Lead in 624 

Hair's (W. B.) Asthma Cure.. 624 

Hall's Catarrh Cure 625 

Hall's Hair Renewer 626 



75 6 INDEX. 

PATENT AND SECRET PREP- 
ARATIONS— Continued. 

Harlem Oil 626 

Hop Bitters 626 

Hostetter's Bitters 626 

Hunyadi Janos Water 626 

Inj ection Brou 626 

Jayne's Expectorant 627 

Keeley Cure 622 

Kennedy's Medical Discovery... 627 

King's New Discovery 627 

Liebig's Corn Cure 627 

Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Com- 
pound 628 

Lyon's Kathairon 628 

Madame Ruppert's Face Bleach. 628 

Magnetic Pain Killer 629 

Malvina Cream 628 

Malvina Lotion 628 

Micajah's Medicated Uterine Wa- 
fers 629 

Orange Blossom 629 

Paine's Celery Compound 629 

Peruna 630 

Pettit's Eye Salve 630 

Pierce's Favorite Prescription.. 630 
Pierce's Golden Medical Discov- 
ery 630 

Pimple Lotion 631 

Pink Pills for Pale People 631 

Piso's Cure for Consumption... 631 

Radam's Microbe Killer 631 

Radway's Ready Relief 631 

Ransom's Hive Syrup and Tolu. 631 

Recamier Balm 632 

Recamier Cream 632 

Recamier Moth and Freckle Lo- 
tion 632 

Recamier Powder 632 

Sage's Catarrh Remedy 632 

St. Jacob's Oil 634 

Sanford's Radical Cure of Ca- 
tarrh 632 

Schenck's Pulmonic Syrup 632 

Seidlitz Powders 633 

Seven Barks 633 

Seven Sutherland Sisters' Hair 

Grower 633 

Shiloh's Consumption Cure . . . 634 

Smith Bros.' Cough Drops 634 

Sozodont 634 

Squibb's Diarrhea Mixture 634 

Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets 634 

"Sun" Cholera Cure 635 

Swaim's Vermifuge 635 

Swift's Syphilitic Specific 635 j 



PATENT AND SECRET PREP- 
ARATIONS— Continued. 

Syrup of Figs 635 

Thompson's Eye Water 635 

Trask's Magnetic Ointment.... 636 

Uterine Tonic, Buckley's 636 

Uterine Tonic, Parke-Davis' . . . 636 
Van Buskirk's Fragrant Sozo- 
dont 636 

Warner's Safe Kidney and Liver 

Cure 637 

Wherrell Treatment 623 

Winslow's Soothing Syrup 637 

Pemphigus 312 

Perfumes 682 

Pericarditis 177 

Periostitis 44 

Peritonitis 273 

Pernicious Fever 156 

Perspiration, Odor prom 666 

Peruna 630 

Pettit's Eye Salve 630 

Phimosis 459 

Phosphorus, Poisoning by 501 

Phthisis 351 

Pierce's Favorite Prescription. .. 630 
Pierce's Golden Medical Discov- 
ery 630 

Pigeon Breast 295 

Piles 15 

Piles, Miscellaneous Remedies 
for, 510, 523, 545, 553, 560, 576, 579 
582, 592, 596, 601, 610, 611, 612, 663 
664,665, 670 

Pills 666 

Pills, Chapman's Dinner 666 

Pilocarpine 731 

Pimple Lotion 631 

Pimples 313 

Pink Pills for Pale People 631 

Piso's Cure for Consumption... 631 

Placenta Praevia 424 

Plasters 507, 668 

Pleurisy 275 

Pleurisy, Chronic 279 

Pleurisy, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 540, 545, 550, 559, 570, 582 

608, 669, 674 

Pleuro-Pneumonia 254 

Pneumonia 248, 592 

POISONS AND ANTIDOTES.. 489 
Poisoning by Acetate of Copper. 492 
Poisoning by Acetate of Lead... 492 

Poisoning by Aconite 492 

Poisoning by Alcohol 492 

Poisoning by Ammonia 492 



INDEX. 



757 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES— 
Continued. 

Poisoning by Antimony 493 

Poisoning by Aqua Fortis 493 

Poisoning by Arsenic 493 

Poisoning by Belladonna 494 

Poisoning by Bismuth 494 

Poisoning by Blistering Flies . . . 494 

Poisoning by Blue Vitriol 494 

Poisoning by Camphor 494 

Poisoning by Carbolic Acid 494 

Poisoning by Carbonate of Lead. 495 
Poisoning by Carbonic Acid Gas. 495 

Poisoning by Chloral 721 

Poisoning by Cobalt 495 

Poisoning by Corrosive Sublimate 495 

Poisoning by Creosote 496 

Poisoning by Deadly Nightshade. 496 

Poisoning by Digitalis 496 

Poisoning by Dogwood 504 

Poisoning by Fish 496 

Poisoning by Fool's Parsley .... 496 

Poisoning by Foxglove 496 

Poisoning by Hellebore 497 

Poisoning by Hemlock 497 

Poisoning by Henbane 497 

Poisoning by Iodine 727 

Poisoning by Ivy 504, 530 

Poisoning by Laudanum 497 

Poisoning by Laurel, Mountain. . . 497 

Poisoning by Lime 498 

Poisoning by Lunar Caustic 498 

Poisoning by Monk's Head 498 

Poisoning by Morphine 498 

Poisoning by Muriatic Acid .... 498 

Poisoning by Mushrooms 498 

Poisoning by Nitrate of Silver.. 499 

Poisoning by Nitre 499 

Poisoning by Nitric Acid 499 

Poisoning by Nux Vomica 499 

Poisoning by Oil of Almonds.... 499 

Poisoning by Oil of Cedar 499 

Poisoning by Oil of Rue 499 

Poisoning by Oil of Savin 499 

Poisoning by Oil of Tansy 500 

Poisoning by Oil of Tar 500 

Poisoning by Oil of Vitriol 500 

Poisoning by Opium 500 

Poisoning by Oxalic Acid 501 

Poisoning by Paris Green 501 

Poisoning by Phosphorus 501 

Poisoning by Potash, Hydrate of 501 

Poisoning by Prussic Acid 502 

Poisoning by Rough on Rats . . . 502 

Poisoning by Stramonium 502 

Poisoning by Strychnine 502 

Poisoning by Sugar of Lead — 502 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES— 

Continued. 
Poisoning by Sulphate of Copper 503 
Poisoning by Sulphate of Zinc. 503 
Poisoning by Sulphuric Acid ... 503 
Poisoning by Tartar Emetic .... 503 

Poisoning by Thorn Apple 503 

Poisoning by Tobacco 503 

Poisoning by Verdigris 503 

Poisoning by White Lead 503 

Poisoning by White Vitriol 503 

Poisoning by Wolf's Bane 504 

Poisons, Acid 490 

Poisons, Alkali 491 

Poisons, Mineral 490 

Poisons, Vegetable 490 

Polypus 279, 445 

Potash, Hydrate of, Poisoning 

BY 501 

Pott's Disease 361 

Poulticing Remedies, 551,566,576, 594 

602, 610 

Powders 507, 670 

Powders, Face 678 

Powders, Sachet 683 

Powders, Tooth ". 684 

Pregnancy, Signs of 421 

Pregnant State, About 393 

Prickly Heat 313 

Prolapse op the Womb 438 

Prolapsus Ani 17 

Prolapsus Ani (Falling op the 
Bowels) Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies por, 558, 599, 607, 610 

Prostate Gland, Enlargement of, 280 
Proud Flesh, Remedies for. . 553, 644 

Prussic Acid, Poisoning by 502 

Psoriasis = 314 

Pterygium 125 

Puerperal Convulsions 430 

Puerperal Fever 429 

Purification of the Blood 240 

Pustule, Malignant 282 

Putrid Sore Throat 281 

Pyaemia 41 



Quinine 737 

Quinsy 346, 589, 658 



Rabies 283 

Radam's Microbe Killer 631 

Radway's Ready Relief 631 

Ransom's Hive Syrup 631 



758 



INDEX. 



Rattlesnake Bite 484 

Recamier Balm 632 

Recamier Cream 632 

Recamier Moth and Freckle Lo- 
tion 632 

Recamier Powder 632 

Relapsing Fever 154 

Remaining in Bed 401 

Remittent Fever 152 

Remitent Fever, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 514, 523, 543 

Rheumatism, Chronic 288 

Rheumatism, Gonorrheal 291 

Rheumatism, Inflammatory 287 

Rheumatism, Muscular 283 

Rheumatism, Sciatic 292 

Rheumatism, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 511, 524, 526, 527, 528 
529, 530, 538, 542, 546, 556, 558, 560 
563, 567, 573, 574, 575, 578, 579, 583 
585, 587, 590, 59i, 597, 600, 603, 606 
607, 610, 657, 658, 668, 669, 670, 671 

674 

Rhubarb 738 

Ribs, Fracture of 479 

Rickets 294 

Ringworm of the Beard 316 

Ringworm of the Body 315 

Ringworm, Honeycombed 316 

Ringworm of the Scalp 316 

Ringworm, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 525, 535, 566 

Rocky Mountain Tea 740 

Romberg's Sign 238 

Room, to Disinfect After a Con- 
tagious Disease 743 

Room Where Baby is Kept 409 

Root Beer 652 

Rose Rash 318 

Rough on Rats, Poisoning by . . . 502 
Rupture 184 



Sachet Powders 683 

Sage's Catarrh Remedy 632 

Saint Anthony's Fire 296 

Saint Jacob's Oil 634 

Saint Vitus's Dance. . . 296, 542, 593 

Saline Laxative 738 

Salol 7i3 

Salt Rheum 305 

Salt Rheum, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, . . .520, 529, 582, 663, 664 

Salves (Ointments) 506, 662 

Sanford's Radical Cure of Ca- 
tarrh 6& 



Sapraemia 41 

Scald Head 316, 664 

Scalds 468, 576, 588 

Scarlatina 145 

Scarlet Fever 145, 575 

Scarret's Liniment 657 

Schenck's Pulmonic Syrup 632 

Sciatica 263, 292, 558 

Scorbutus 298 

Scrofula 359 

Scrofulous Complaints, Miscel- 
laneous Remedies for . . 508 
509, 512, 520, 522, 550, 562, 570, 571 
573, 574, 586, 590, 592, 595, 598, 599 

607, 673 
Scurvy 298 

Scurvy, Miscellaneous Remedies 
for, 528, 529, 537, 551, 567, 592, 593 

606 

Seasickness 299 

Seat Worms 462 

Seidlitz Powders 633 

Seidlitz Salts 738 

Senna 740 

Septicaemia 41, 429 

Seven Barks 633 

Seven Sutherland Sisters' Hair 

Grower 633 

Shaking Palsy 269 

Shiloh's Consumption Cure 634 

Shingles (Herpes) 31S 

Shingles, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 529, 530, 564, 663 

Shock 483 

Sick Headache 170 

Sinews, Contracted 548, 664 

SKIN DISEASES 300 

Acne 303 

Barber's Itch 316 

Birth Marks 301 

Blackheads 304 

Eczema 305, 517, 520 

Fish-Skin Disease 307 

Freckles 307 

Herpes 318 

Hives 308 

Itch 309 

Leprosy 309 

Liver Spots 311 

Mole 302 

Nettle Rash 308 

Pemphigus 3 12 

Pimples 3*3 

Prickly Heat 3U 

Psoriasis 3*4 

Ringworm of the Beard 316 



INDBX. 



759 



SKIN DISEASES— Continued. 

Ringworm of the Body .•• 315 

Ringworm, Honeycombed — Scald- 
Head 316 

Ringworm of the Scalp 316 

Ringworm, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 525, 535, 566 

Rose Rash 318 

Salt Rheum 305 

Salt Rheum, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 520, 529, 582, 663, 664 

Shingles 318 

Tetter 305 

Wart 302 

Skin Diseases, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 522, 527, 530, 546, 551 

565, 566, 569, 573, 584, 589, 590, 591 

595, 596, 598, 599, 602, 605, 606, 612 

642, 667, 670 

Sleep, About 385 

Sleep- Walking 320 

Small Cuts, Bleeding prom 466 

Smallpox 137 

Smith Bros/ Cough Drops 634 

Snake Bites 484 

Snake Bites, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 519, 520, 531, 535, 582 

590, 605 

Soap Liniment 657 

Somnambulism 320 

Sores, III- Conditioned, Miscella- 
neous Remedies for, 510, 519, 525 
529, 548, 553, 564, 569, 576, 588, 599 

612, 669 

Sore Throat 343 

Sozodont 634 

Spasms 321, 460, 540, 565, 589 

Speech, Loss of 18 

Spermatorrhea 267 

Spinal Column, Fracture of 481 

Spinal Cord, Inflammation of. ; 258 

Spinal Meningitis 321 

Spine Cleft 321 

Spirillum Fever 154 

Spitting of Blood 537 

Spleen, Enlargement of.... 322, 543 

Splints 463 

Spotted Fever 51 

Sprains 485, 576 

Squibb' s Diarrhea Mixture 634 

Squills 74 1 

Stammering 323 

Stenosis 1S0 

Stings 486 

Stitch 284 

Store's Liniment 658 



Stomach and Bowel Difficulties 
of Children 460 

STOMACH, DISEASES OF.... 324 

Acidity of 330 

Cancer of 335 

Catarrhal Indigestion 331 

Chronic Indigestion 331 

Dilatation of 331 

Dyspepsia, or Indigestion 327 

Hemorrhage of 183 

Neuralgia of 333 

Ulcer of 334 

Stomach Diseases, Miscellane- 
ous Remedies for, 544, 552, 553, 557 

601,606, 670 

Stomach Tonic Remedies, 508, 513, 523 

534, 536, 554, 555, 598, 613, 667 

Stone in the Bladder . .- 38 

Stone in the Kidney 217 

Strabismus 117 

Stramonium, Poisoning by 502 

Strangulation 487 

Strangury 338 

Strangury, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 569, 601, 604 

Stricture - 338, 375 

Strophanthus 741 

Strychnine 733 

Strychnine, Poisoning by 502 

Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets .... 634 

Stupor (Collapse) 469 

Stuttering 323 

Sty 125 

Suffocation from Gas 464 

Sugar of Lead, Poisoning by.... 502 
Sulphate of Copper, Poisoning by 503 
Sulphate of Zinc, Poisoning by.. 503 

sulphocarbolates, the 713 

Sulphuric Acid, Poisoning by... 503 

Summer Complaint 339, 523 

Sunburn 339 

"Sun" Cholera Cure 635 

Sunstroke 482 

Swaim's Vermifuge 635 

Sweat Glands, Disorder of. . 339, 666 

Sweating Remedies 525, 670 

Swellings, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 556, 564, 576, 600, 664, 665 

Swift's Syphilitic Specific 635 

Syphilis 368 

Syphilitic Complaints, Miscel- 
laneous Remedies for, . . 512, 520 
533, 559, 573, 577, 59©, 597, 598. 603 

606, 642 

Syrup of Figs 63s 

Syrups 673 



760 



INDEX. 



Tables, Handy 508 

Tapeworm 34° 

Tapeworm, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 513, 570, 584 

Tartar Emetic, Poisoning by 503 

Teeth, Bleeding from 467 

Teeth, Care of 342 

Teething 404 

Tetanus 234 

Tetter 305 

Thompson's Eye Water 635 

Thorn Apple, Poisoning by 503 

Thread Worms 462 

Throat, Sore 343 

Throat, Sore, Miscellaneous 

Remedies eor, 515, 527, 556, 557, 572 

599, 653, 657 

Throat, Things in 487 

Thrush 454 

Thumb, Dislocation of 473 

Tic-Douloureux 263 

Tinctures 507, 674 

Tobacco, Poisoning by 503 

Toe-Nail, Ingrowing 344 

Toilet Water 683 

Tongue, The 344 

Tongue, Inflammation of 345 

Tongue-Tie 461 

Tonic Bitters 676 

Tonic Remedies, Miscellaneous, 

522, 525, 529, 553, 561, 575, 576, 580 
587, 589, 593, 597, 603, 611, 675, 676 

Tonics 675 

ToNSiLiTis 345 

Tonsils, Enlarged 349 

Toothache Remedies 342, 537 

Tooth Powders 684 

Torticollis 284 

Trance 349 

Trance Coma 349 

Trance, Death 349 

Trance Sleep 349 

Trask's Magnetic Ointment 636 

Trichina Worm 350 

Tubercular Meningitis 52 

Tuberculosis 35 1 

Tuberculosis of the Lymph 

Glands 359 

Tumors 363, 444, 448 

Tumors, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 513, 522, 558, 564, 592, 596 

610, 665, 669 
Tumors, Cancerous, Miscellane- 
ous Remedies for, 510, 519, 583, 644 

669 



Tumors, Scrofulous, Miscellan- 
eous Remedies for, 518, 550, 593 

644, 669 

Typhoid Fever 130 

Typhoid Fever, Internal Anti- 
septics for 133 

Typhoid Pneumonia 248 

Typhus Fever 135 



U 

Ulcer of the Stomach 334 

Ulcers 373 

Ulcers, Miscellaneous Remedies 

for, 510, 517, 520, 521, 522, 525, 527 

530, 533, 535, 558, 564, 576, 582, 585 

588, 592, 599, 606, 607, 609, 610, 664 

668,672, 673 

Uraemia , 364 

Uric Acid 365 

Urinary Difficulties, Miscella- 
neous Remedies for, 514,516, 519 
528, 530, 531, 533, 539, 542, 555, 560 
569, 586, 587, 604 

Urination, Painful . . 35 

Urine, Bloody 43, 545 

Urine, Incontinence of 452 

Urine, Incontinence of, Miscel- 
laneous Remedies for, 542, 570, 604 

Urine, Retention of 35, 366, 453 

Urine, Scalding of, Miscellane- 
ous Remedies for, . . 510, 576, 579 
Urine, Suppression of, Miscella- 
neous Remedies for, 540, 545, 580 

596 

Uterine Tonic, Buckley's 636 

Uterine Tonic, Parke-Davis' .... 636 
Uterine Tonics, Miscellaneous, 

524, 556, 586 



Vaccination 141 

Vagina, Diseases of 445 

VanBuskirk's Fragrant Sozodont 636 

Varicocele 366 

Varicose Veins 366 

Varioloid 140 

VENEREAL DISEASES 368 

Chancre 369 

Chancroid 369 

Chordee 375 

Gleet 375 

Gonorrhea 373 

Syphilis 368 



VENEREAL DISEASES— Continued. 

Syphilitic Complaints, Miscellan- 
eous Remedies for, . . 512, 520, 533 
559, 573, 577, 590, 597, 598, 603, 606 

642 
Venereal Diseases, Miscellane- 
ous Remedies for, 526, 559, 570, 595 
599, 605, 642, 667 

Veratrum Viride 742 

Verdigris, Poisoning by 503 

Vertigo (Dizziness) 518, 538 

Vision, Defects of 116 

Voice, Loss of 18 

Volvulus 200 

Vomiting 376 

Vomiting, Miscellaneous Reme- 
dies for, 508, 534, 536, 537, 544, 581 
588, 596, 606, 676 



W 

Warner's Safe Kidney and Liver 

Cure 637 

Warts 302, 535 

Water, Boiled 659 

Water on the Brain 376 

Water Brash 376 

Weak Back, Plasters for. . 668, 672 

Weaning, Time of 405 

Wens 377, 593 

Westphal's Sign 238 

WHAT GIRLS AND MOTHERS 

OUGHT TO KNOW 380 

Air, Fresh 389 

Apprehension, Feeling of 411 

Baby, Care of the 402 

Bath, About 384 

Bowels, About Keeping Regular 385 

Caution 414 

Clothing for Baby 409 

Confinement, Preparations for. . 398 

Cosmetics, etc., About 387 

Crisis, the First 382 

Diet, As to 385 

Disinfection, About 391 

Dress for Young Girls 383 

Dress for Young Women 387 

Exercise, About 386 

Feeding the Baby 406 

Food for Babies Who Cannot Be 

Nursed 407 

Foods, About 392 

Girls, Care of Young 380 

Hair, Care of 384 

Hot Flashes 411 

House Sanitation 388 



INDEX. ;6i 

WHAT GIRLS AND MOTHERS 
OUGHT TO KNOW— Continued. 

Labor, After It is Over 399 

Marriage, About 387 

Medicines for Baby 409 

Monthly Illness 386 

Mothers, Advice to Young 381 

Nervous Disturbances 412 

Nursing the Baby 402 

Pregnant State, About 393 

Remaining in Bed 401 

Room Where Baby is Kept 409 

Sleep, About 385 

Teething 404 

Weaning, Time of 405 

What a Woman of Forty-five 

Ought to Know 410 

What a Young Wife and Mother 

Ought to Know 388 

What a Young Woman Ought to 

Know 384 

Wherrell Treatment 623 

White Lead, Poisoning by 503 

White Liniment 658 

White Swelling 207, 607, 658 

White Vitriol, Poisoning by 503 

Whitlow 377 

Whooping Cough 377 

Whooping Cough, Miscellaneous 
Remedies for, 521, 524, 563, 565, 569 

592,646, 656 

Wind Colic 75 

Windpipe, Things in 487 

Winslow's Soothing Syrup 637 

Winter Cough 80, 536 

Wolf's Bane, Poisoning by 504 

Womb, Diseases of 435 

WOMEN, DISEASES OF 415 

Abortion 422 

Amenorrhea 4 l 7 

Breasts, Diseases of 432 

Abscess of 432 

Broken Breasts 432 

Milk Fever 432 

Nipples, Sore 433 

Change of Life 410 

Child-Bed Fever 429 

Chlorosis 42c 

Confinement 421 

Dysmenorrhea 4 J 8 

Female Complaints, Miscellane- 
ous Remedies for, 526, 539, 544 
596, 598, 675 

Flooding 428 

Green Sickness 420 

Labor 423 



?62 



INDBX. 



WOMEN, DISEASES OF— Con- 
tinued. 

Leucorrhea 445 

Leucorrhea, Miscellaneous Rem- 
edies for, 509, 515, 520, 521, 543 
558, 572, 582, 588, 590, 600, 607, 675 

Menorrhagia 419 

Menstruation 415 

Menstruation, Diminished 416 

Menstruation, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, . . 511, 512, 524, 528 

531, 533, 538, 541, 542, 546, 548, 549 

563, 564, 568, 571, 580, 588, 589, 591 

594,603,667, 676 

Metorrhagia 420 

Milk Leg 43i 

Miscarriage 422 

Ovarian Tumor 448 

Ovaries, Inflammation of 447 

Placenta Praevia 424 

Puerperal Convulsions 430 

Puerperal Fever 429 

Vagina, Diseases of 445 

Womb, Diseases of 435 

Atrophy of 443 

Displacements of 436 



WOMEN, DISEASES OF— Con- 
tinued. 

Erosion of 441 

Hypertrophy of 443 

Inflammations of 440 

Inversion of 438 

Polypus in 445 

Prolapse of 438 

Prolapse of, Miscellaneous 

Remedies for, 558, 571, 599, 607 

Retroflexion of 436 

Retroversion of 437 

Subinvolution of 439 

Tumors of 444 

Wool Sorter's Disease 282 

Worms, Round 461 

Worms, Tape 340 

Worms, Thread or Seat 462 

Worms, Trichina 350 

Wounds 487 

Writer's Paralysis 269 

Wry Neck 284 



Yeixow Fever 135 



INDEX TO HERB REMEDIES. 



A 

Abscess Root 508 

Adrue 508 

Agrimony 509 

Ague Weed (Boneset) 527 

Ale Hoof (Ground Ivy) 555 

Alligator Pear 509 

Almond 510 

Aloe 510 

Alum Root 510 

Alveloz 510 

American Arbor Vitae 511 

American Balm-of-Gilead 511 

American Centaury 511 

American Columbo 512 

American Dittany 512 

American Ipecac (Bitter Root). 522 

American Sarsaparilla 512 

American Senna 513 

American Valerian (Ladies' Slip- 
per) 566 



American White Hellebore 513 

Angelica 513 

Areca Nut 513 

Asparagus 514 

Aspen 514 

Asthma Weed (Lobelia) 569 

Australian Fever Bark 514 

Avens 515 



B 

Balm of Heaven (California 

Laurel) 531 

Balmony 515 

Balsam of Copaiva, or Copaiba. 516 

Balsam Fir 516 

Balsam of Peru 516 

Balsam Poplar (American Balm- 
of-Gilead) 511 

Balsam Tolu 517 

Banana Root 517 



INDEX. 



HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 

Barberry 517 

Basswood 518 

Bayberry 518 

Bay Tree (California Laurel).. 531 

Bearberry (Uva Ursi) 604 

Bear's Weed (Yerba Santa)... 613 

Beccabunga (Brook Lime) 528 

Beech 518 

Beech Drops 519 

Bee's Nest (Carrot) 533 

Bellwort 519 

Bene-Benni, or Benne 519 

Berberis Aquifolium 520 

Bethroot 520 

Bindweed 521 

Bird's Nest (Carrot) 533 

Bird's Nest (Fit Root) 549 

Birth Root (Beth Root) 520 

Bistort 521 

Biting Knot Weed (Smartweed) 594 
Bitter Bloom (American Cen- 
taury) 511 

Bitter Dock 522 

Bitter Herb (Balmony) 515 

Bitter Polygala (Ground Flow- 
er) 555 

Bitter Root 522 

Bittersweet 522 

Bittersweet Nightshade (Bitter- 
sweet) 522 

Bitterworm (Buckbean) 529 

Black Alder 523 

Black-Berried Elder (Elder)... 546 

Blackberry 523 

Black Birch 523 

Black Cherry (Wild Cherry) . . 608 

Black Cohosh 524 

Black Haw 524 

Black Henbane (Henbane) 558 

Black Indian Hemp 522 

Black Root (Culver's Root) . . . 543 
Black Snake Root (Black Co- 
hosh) 524 

Blazing Star (Devil's Bit) 544 

Blazing Star (Starwort) 598 

Blessed Thistle 525 

Blood Root 525 

Blood Stanch (Fleabane) 550 

Blue Bells' (Abscess Root) 508 

Blue Berry (Blue Cohosh) 526 

Blue Cardinal Flower 526 

Blue Cohosh 526 

Blue Flag 527 

Blue Pimpernel (Skullcap) 593 

Blue Vervain 604 



763 

HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 

Blue Violet 527 

Blunt -Leaved Dock (Bitter 

Dock) 522 

Bog Myrtle (Meadow Fern)... 573 

Bohea (New Jersey Tea) 577 

Boneset 527 

Bouncing Bet (Soap wort) 595 

Bowman's Root (Indian Physic) 561 

Boxwood, or Dogwood 528 

Brazilian Cocoa 556 

Breakstone (Parsley Piert) 580 

Bristly Stem Sarsaparilla (Dwarf 

Elder) 545 

Broad-Leaf Lavender (Laven- 
der) 566 

Broad-Leaved Dock (Bitter 

Dock) 522 

Brooklime 528 

Buchu 528 

Buckbean 529 

Buckthorn Brake 529 

Bugle Weed 529 

Bull's Foot (Colt's Foot) 538 

Burdock 530 

Bush Honeysuckle . . . 530 

Butterfly Weed (Pleurisy Root) 582 

Butternut 530 

Button Snake Root 531 



Cabinet Cherry (Wild Cherry) . . 608 

Cainca Root 531 

Cajeput Tree (California Lau- 
rel) 531 

Calamus (Sweet Flag) 601 

Calico Bush (Laurel) 566 

California Laurel 531 

California Olive (California Lau- 
rel) .•■••:■ 53i 

California Sassafras (California 

Laurel) 531 

Calisaya 737 

Camphor 532 

Canada Fleabane (Fleabane)... 550 
Cancer Root (Beech Drops) ... . 519 

Candleberry (Bayberry) 518 

Caraway 532 

Cardamon 533 

Caroba 533 

Carrot 533 

Cascarilla 534 

Castor Bean 534 

Catchweed (Cleavers) 537 

Catfoot (Ground Ivy) 555 



764 



INDBX. 



HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 

Catmint (Catnip) 534 

Catnip 534 

Catwort (Catnip) 534 

Cayenne Pepper, or Capsicum. .. 534 

Cedron Seed 535 

Celandine 535 

Chamomile 536 

Checker Berry (Partridge Ber- 
ry) 58o 

Cheese Plant (Low Mallow) . . 569 

Chekan 536 

Cherry Birch (Black Birch)... 523 

Chicken's Toes (Crawley) 540 

Chickweed 536 

Chocolate Root (Avens) 515 

Cinnamon 536 

Cinquefoil 549 

Cleavers 537 

Cliff Weed (Alum Root) 510 

Clivers (Cleavers) 537 

Cloves 537 

Coakum ( Poke weed) 583 

Coca 537 

Cocash 538 

Cocillana 538 

Cocklebur (Agrimony) 509 

Cock-up-Hat (Stillingia) 598 

Colic Root (Wild Yam) 610 

Colt's Foot 538 

Colt's Tail (Fleabane) 550 

Columbo 539 

Comfrey 539 

Cone Disk Sunflower (Thimble- 
weed) 601 

Cone Flower (Thimbleweed) . . 601 
Consumptive Weed (Yerba San- 
ta) 613 

Coolwort 540 

Copaiba 516 

Coral Teeth (Crawley) 540 

Corn Snake Root (Button Snake 

Root) 531 

Cramp Bark (Cranberry High). 540 

Cranberry, High 540 

Crawley 540 

Croton Plant 541 

Crowfoot 541 

Cubebs 542 

Cuckoo Bread (Wood Sorrel).. 611 

Cuckoo Flower 542 

Cucumber Tree 542 

Culver's Physic (Culver's Root) 543 

Culver's Root 543 

Cure- All (Dropsy Plant) 545 

Curled Dock (Yellow Dock) ... 612 



HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 

D 

Damiana 543 

Dandelion 543 

Devil's Bit 544 

Dill 544 

Dita Bark 544 

Dog's Fennel (Mayweed) 573 

Dotted Monardo (Horse Mint). 560 

Double Tansy 545 

Dragon Root (Indian Turnip).. 562 
Dragon's Claw (Cranberry High) 540 
Drooping Starwort (Devil's Bit) 544 

Dropsy Plant 545 

Dutch Myrtle (Meadow Fern). 573 

Dwarf Elder 545 

Dyer's Broom 546 

Dyer's Weed (Dyer's Broom).. 546 



Elder 546 

Elecampane 546 

Emetic Herb (Lobelia) 569 

Endive (Wild Succory) 609 

Eucalyptus 547 

Euphorbia 547 

Evan Root (Avens) 515 

Eve's Cup (Side Saddle Plant). 593 
Eye Bright 548 



Fairy's Glove (Foxglove) 550 

False Aloe (Starwort) 598 

False Bittersweet 548 

False Dogwood (Striped Maple) 599 

False Hellebore 548 

False Starwort (Aloe) 510 

False Sunflower (Sneezewort) . 595 

Featherfew (Feverfew) 548 

Fennel 548 

Fetid Hellebore (Skunk Cab- 

bage) 594 

Fetid Nightshade (Henbane) ... 558 

Fever Bush (Black Alder) 523 

Feverfew 548 

Fever Root (Crawley) 540 

Fever Twig (False Bittersweet) 548 

Fever Weed 549 

Fever Wort (Boneset) 527 

Field Water Cress (Cuckoo 

Flower) 542 

Figwort (Scrofula Plant) 592 



INDEX. 



765 



HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 

Fire weed (Fleabane) 550 

Fish Mouth (Snake Head) 595 

Fit Root 549 

Five Finger 549 

Five Fingers (Ginseng) 553 

Flag Lily (Blue Flag) 527 

Flag Root (Sweet Flag) 601 

Fleabane 550 

Flower de Luce (Blue Flag)... 527 
Flower Velure (Colt's Foot) ... 538 

Flux Root (Gentian, Blue) 552 

Foxglove, or Digitalis 550 

Frostweed (Cocash) 538 

Frostwort 550 

Fumitory 551 

Q 

Gamboge 551 

Garden Dill or Dilly (Dill).... 544 
Garden Patience (Yellow Dock) 612 

Garget (Poke Weed) 583 

Garlic 551 

Gay Feather (Button Snake 

Root) 531 

Gentian, Blue 552 

Gentian, Yellow 552 

Gill-go-over- the-Ground ( Ground 

Ivy) 555 

Ginger 552 

Ginseng 553 

Golden Rod 553 

Golden Seal 553 

Gold Thread 554 

Goose Grass (Cleavers) 537 

Gravel Plant 554 

Gravel Root (Queen-of-the 

Meadow) 587 

Gravel Weed (Bush Honey- 
suckle) 530 

Greek Valerian (Abscess Root) 508 
Green Osier (Swamp Sassafras) 600 
Greenweed (Dyer's Broom).... 546 

Grindelia Robusta 554 

Grindelia Squarrosa 555 

Ground Flower 555 

Ground Holly (Prince's Pine) . . 585 

Ground Ivy 555 

Ground Lily (Bethroot) 520 

Ground Maple (Alum Root) ... 510 

Groundsel 556 

Ground Squirrel Pea (Twin 

Leaf) 603 

Guaco 556 

Guaiac 556 



HERB REMEDIES-CWm W ^. 

Guarana c eg 

Gum Arabic \ ccy 

Gum Plant (Comfrey) ...!.!.'*. \ 539 

Gypsywort (Bugle Weed) V. 529 

H 

Hardhack (Nine Bark) 578 

Healing Herb (Comfrey) 539 

Hedge Mustard 557 

Hellebore, Black 557 

Hellebore, White 557 

Hemlock Spruce (Hemlock Tree) 558 

Hemlock Tree 558 

Henbane 558 

Hen and Chickens (Leek, or 

House Leek) 566 

Hoang-Nan 558 

Hollyhock 558 

Holy Thistle (Blessed Thistle) . 525 

Honduras Bark 559 

Hood wort (Skullcap) 593 

Hops 559 

Horehound 559 

Horse Balm (Stone Root) 599 

Horse Chestnut 560 

Horse Fly Weed (Wild Indigo) 609 

Horse Mint 560 

Horse Radish 560 

Hyoscyamus 560 

Hyssop 560 

Hysterionica 561 

I 

Iceland Moss 561 

Ice Plant (Fit Root) 549 

Indian Apple (Mandrake) .... 570 
Indian Arrow Wood (Spindle 

Bush) 597 

Indian Balm (Bethroot) 520 

Indian Physic 561 

Indian Physic (Bitter Root)... 522 

Indian Pipe (Fit Root) 549 

Indian Sage (Boneset) 527 

Indian Tobacco (Lobelia) 569 

Indian Turnip 562 

Indigo Weed (Wild Indigo) .... 609 
Ink Root (Marsh Rosemary) . . . 572 
Ironwood 562 



Jacob's Ladder 563 

Jamaica Dogwood 563 

Jambul 563 



766 



INDBX. 



HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
Jamestown Weed (Stramonium) 601 

Jerusalem Oak 563 

Jimson Weed (Stramonium)... 601 

Johnswort 564 

Juniper 564 

K 

Kamala 564 

Kava Kava 565 

King's Clover (Sweet Clover).. 600 

Knob Root (Stone Root) 599 

Knot Grass 565 



Labrador Tea 565 

Ladies' Slipper 566 

Lady's Smock (Cuckoo Flower) 542 
Lamb's Quarter (Beth Root)... 520 

Laurel 566 

Lavender 566 

Lavose (Lovage) 569 

Leek, or House Leek 566 

Lemon 567 

Lemon Balm (Dropsy Plant) . . . 545 
Leopard's Bane (Mountain Ar- 
nica) 575 

Lettuce 567 

Licorice 567 

Life Root 568 

Lime Tree (Basswood) 518 

Linden Tree (Basswood) 518 

Live-Forever (Leek, or House 

Leek) 566 

Liver Leaf (Liverwort) 568 

Liver Lily (Blue Flag) 527 

Liverwort 568 

Lizard's Tail 569 

Lobelia 569 

Locust Plant (American Senna) 513 
Loose Stripe (Purple Willow 

Herb) 586 

Lousewort (Fever Weed) 549 

Lovage 569 

Low Mallow 569 

Lungwort 570 

M 

Mad weed (Skullcap) 593 

Maiden Hair 570 

Male Fern 570 

Mandrake 570 

Man-in-the-Ground (Bindweed) 521 
Man Root (Bindweed) 521 



HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 

Mare's Tail (Fleabane) 550 

Marigold 571 

Marshmallow 571 

Marsh Rosemary 572 

Marsh Trefoil (Buckbean) 529 

Matico 572 

May Apple (Mandrake) 570 

Mayweed 573 

Meadow Cabbage (Skunk Cab- 
bage) 594 

Meadow Fern 573 

Meadow Scabish (Cocash) 538 

Melilot (Sweet Clover) 600 

Mequot (Life Root) 568 

Mezereon 573 

Milfoil (Yarrow) 612 

Milkweed 574 

Milk Willow Herb (Purple Wil- 

low Herb) 586 

Milkwort (Seneca Snake Root) 592 

Mistletoe 574 

Mitrewort (Coolwort) 540 

Moccasin Flower (Ladies' Slip- 
per) 566 

Mohawk Weed (Bellwort) 519 

Monkshead (Dandelion) 543 

Moonseed (Vine Maple) 605 

Moose Wood (Striped Maple). . 599 
Mortification Root (Marshmal- 
low) 571 

Mother-of-Thyme (Thyme) ... 602 

Motherwort 574 

Mountain Arnica 575 

Mountain Ash 575 

Mountain Balm (Oswego Tea). 579 
Mountain Balm (Yerba Santa) . 613 
Mountain Box (Uva Ursi) .... 604 
Mountain Dittany (American 

Dittany) 512 

Mountain Flax (Seneca Snake 

Root) 592 

Mountain Sage 575 

Mouth Root (Gold Thread) 554 

Mullein 576 

Mustard 576 

N 

Nanny Bush 576 

Narrow-Leaf Dock (Yellow 

Dock) 612 

Natqua (Life Root) 568 

Necklace Weed (White Cohosh) 606 
Nerve Root (Ladies' Slipper).. 566 
Nettle 577 



INDBX. 



767 



HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 

New Jersey Tea 577 

Night-Blooming Cereus 578 

Nine Bark 578 

Ninsin 553 

Noble Liverwort (Liverwort) . . 568 



O 

Oily Grain (Bene Benni, or 

Benne) 5*9 

Old Man (Southern Wood) .... 596 

Olive 578 

One-Berry (Partridge Berry).. 580 

Onion 579 

Orange Root (Golden Seal) .... 563 
Orange Swallowwort (Pleurisy 

Root) 582 

Origanum (Horse Mint) 560 

Oswego Tea 579 



Papoose Root (Blue Cohosh).. 526 

Paracoto, or Coto Bark 579 

Parsley 579 

Parsley Piert 580 

Partridge Berry 580 

Patience Dock (Bistort) 521 

Peach Tree 580 

Pennyroyal 580 

Peppermint 581 

Persimmon 581 

Pettymorrel (Spikenard) 597 

Philadelphia Fleabane 581 

Pigeon Berry (Poke Weed) 583 

Pigeon Weed (Spikenard) 597 

Pimpernel 582 

Pipe Plant (Fit Root) 549 

Pipsisseway (Prince's Pine)... 585 
Pitcher Plant (Side Saddle 

Plant) 593 

Plantain 582 

Pleurisy Root, or White Root. . . 582 

Poison Hemlock 583 

Poison Tobacco (Henbane) 558 

Poke Weed 583 

Polypody 584 

Pomegranate 584 

Pool Root (White Snake Root) 608 

Prickly Ash 585 

Prideweed (Fleabane) 550 

Prince's Pine 585 

Puke Weed (Lobelia) 569 

Pulsatilla 586 

Pumpkin 586 



HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 

Purple Boneset (Queen-of-the 

Meadow) 587 

Purple Willow Herb 586 

Purslane 586 

Pyramid Flower (American Co- 
lumbo) 512 



Quaking Aspen (Aspen) 514 

Quassia 587 

Queen of the Meadow 587 

Queen's Delight (Stillingia) ... 598 

Quiver Leaf (Aspen) 514 



Rattleweed (Black Cohosh) 524 

Red Balm (Oswego Tea) 579 

Red Beech (Beech) 518 

Red Berry (Ginseng) 553 

Red Berry (Uva Ursi) 604 

Red Cedar 587 

Red Chickweed (Pimpernel) . . 582 

Red Clover 588 

Red Osier (Rose Willow) 588 

Red Puccoon (Blood Root) 525 

Red Raspberry 588 

Red Rod (Rose Willow) 588 

Red Root (Blood Root) 525 

Red Root (New Jersey Tea).. 577 
Red Rose Willow (Rose Wil- * 

low) 588 

Red -Stalked Aster (Cocash) ... 538 

Resin 516 

Rheumatism Weed (Prince's 

Pine) 585 

Richweed (Black Cohosh) 524 

Richweed (Stone Root) 599 

Rock Fern (Maiden Hair) 570 

Rock Parsley (Parsley) 579 

Rock Rose (Frost wort) 550 

Roman Chamomile (Chamomile) 536 
Rose Pink (American Dittany) . 512 

Rose Willow 588 

Round-Leaved Dogwood (Swamp 

Sassafras) 600 

Rue 589 

Rum Cherry (Wild Cherry) .... 608 



Saffron 589 

Sage 589 

Sage Bush (Mountain Sage) . . . 575 



768 



INDEX. 



HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
Samson Snake Root (Gentian, 

Blue) 552 

Sanicle 590 

Sarsaparilla 59° 

Sassafras 590 

Savine 59* 

Scabious (Philadelphia Flea- 
bane) 581 

Scabish 591 

Scammony 591 

Scotch Broom 591 

Scrofula Plant 592 

Scurvy Grass 592 

Sea Lavender (Marsh Rosemary) 572 
Seaside Thrift (Marsh Rose- 
mary) 572 

Seaweed 592 

Seeded Plum (Persimmon) 581 

Seneca Snake Root 592 

Sengreen (Leek, or House Leek) 566 

Sheep Sorrel 593 

Shield Fern . (Male Fern) 570 

Side Saddle Plant 593 

Silkweed (Milkweed) 574 

Simpler's Joy (Vervain) 604 

Skullcap 593 

Skunk Cabbage 594 

Slippery Elm 594 

Small Spikenard (American Sar- 
saparilla) 512 

Smartweed 594 

Smellage (Lovage) 569 

Snake Head 595 

Snake Lily (Blue Flag) 527 

Snake Weed (Bistort) 521 

Snap Dragon (Toad Flax) 602 

Sneezeweed (Sneezewort) 595 

Sneezewort 595 

Snowball (Nine Bark) 578 

Soapwort 595 

Solomon's Seal 596 

Sour Dock (Yellow Dock) 612 

Sour Trefoil (Wood Sorrel)... 611 

Southern Wood 596 

Spanish Broom 596 

Spanish Saffron (Saffron) 589 

Spearmint 596 

Spice Bush 597 

Spice Bush (California Laurel). 531 

Spicy Bush (Black Birch) 523 

Spignet (Spikenard) 597 

Spikenard 597 

Spindle Bush 507 

Split Rock (Alum Root) 510 

Spoon wood (Laurel) 566 



HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
Spotted Cardus (Blessed This- 

„ tie) 525 

Spotted Cranesbill (Crowfoot). 541 
Spotted Thistle (Blessed Thistle) 525 
Square Stock (Oswego Tea) .. . 579 
Squaw Root (Blue Cohosh)... 526 
Squaw Vine (Partridge Berry). 580 
Staff Tree (False Bittersweet) . 548 

Starwort 598 

Steeple Bush (Hardhack) 557 

Stickwort (Agrimony) 509 

Stillingia 598 

Stinking Weed (Wormseed) . . . 611 

Stinkweed (Stramonium) 601 

Stone Mint (American Dittany) 512 

Stone Root 599 

Stramonium 601 

Strawberry 599 

Striped Maple 599 

Sumach 599 

Swamp Cabbage (Skunk Cab- 
bage) 594 

Swamp Dogwood (Rose Wil- 
low) 588 

Swamp Lily (Lizard's Tail) 569 

Swamp Sassafras 600 

Sweating Plant (Boneset) 527 

Sweat Root (Abscess Root) . . . 508 

Sweet Birch (Black Birch) 523 

Sweet Bush (Sweet Fern) 600 

Sweet Clover 600 

Sweet Elder (Elder) 546 

Sweet Fern 600 

Sweet Flag 601 

Sweet Rush (Sweet Flag) 601 

Sweet- Scented Golden Rod 

(Golden Rod) 553 

Sweet Water Lily (White Pond 
Lily) , 207 



Tall Veronica (Culver's Root) . . 543 

Tea Berry (Wintergreen) 610 

Thimbleberry (Blackberry) .... 523 

Thimble Weed 601 

Thin-Leaved Nightshade (Beth- 
root) 520 

Thorn Apple, or Stramonium... 601 

Thoroughwort (Boneset) 527 

Thousand Leaf (Yarrow) 612 

Throat Root (Avens) 515 

Thyme 602 

Tilia Tree (Basswood) 518 

Toad Flax 602 



INDEX. 



769 



HERB REMEDIES -Continued. 

Toad Lily (White Pond Lily) . . 607 

Tobacco 602 

Toothache Tree (Prickly Ash). 585 

Tormentil (Crowfoot) 541 

Trailing Arbutus (Gravel Plant) 554 

Traveller's Joy (Virgin Bower) 606 

Tree of Heaven 603 

Tree Primrose (Scabish) 591 

True Saffron (Saffron) 589 

Tulip Tree (White Poplar).... 607 

Turkey Corn 603 

Turpentine 516 

Turtle Bloom (Snake Head)... 595 

Twin Leaf 603 

U 

(Jncum (Life Root) 568 

Unicorn Plant (Devil's Bit) . . . 544 

Unicorn Root (Starwort) 598 

Uva Ursi 604 



Valerian 604 

Vegetable Antimony (Boneset). 527 
Vegetable Gold (Gold Thread). 554 

Vervain ; . 604 

Vine Maple 605 

Virginia Snake Root 605 

Virgin's Bower 606 



W 

Wake Robin (Indian Turnip).. 562 
Water Bugle (Bugle Weed)... 529 
Water Cabbage (White Pond 

Lily) 607 

Water Cup (Side Saddle Plant) 593 

Water Dock 606 

Water Horehound (Bugle 

Weed) 529 

Water Pepper (Smart weed) ... 594 
Water Shamrock (Buckbean).. 529 

Wax Berry (Bayberry) 518 

Wax Myrtle (Bayberry) 518 

Whistle Wood (Striped Maple) 599 
White Beads (White Cohosh) . . 606 

White Cohosh 606 

White Horehound (Horehound) 559 

White Leaf (Hard Hack) 557 

White Oak . . 607 



HERB REMEDIES— Continue d. 

White Pond Lily 607 

White Poplar 607 

White Poplar (Aspen) 514 

White Sanicle (White Snake 

Root) 608 

White Snake Root 608 

White Walnut (Butternut) 530 

Whitewood (White Poplar)... 607 
Wild Basil (American Dittany) 512 
Wild Chamomile (Mayweed).. 573 

Wild Cherry 608 

Wild Indigo 609 

Wild Licorice (American Sarsa- 

parilla) 512 

Wild Potato (Bindweed) 521 

Wild Rhubarb (Bindweed) 521 

Wild Sarsaparilla (American 

Sarsaparilla) 512 

Wild Scammony (Bindweed)... 521 
Wild Senna (American Senna) 513 
Wild Snowball (New Jersey 

Tea) 577 

Wild Succory 609 

Wild Succory (American Centau- 
ry) 511 

Wild Tobacco (Lobelia) 569 

Wild Turnip (Indian Turnip) . . 562 

Wild Yam 610 

Winterberry (Black Alder) 523 

Winter Clover (Partridge Berry) 580 

Wintergreen 610 

Witch Hazel 610 

Woadwaxen (Dyer's Broom)... 546 

Wood Sorrel 611 

Woody Nightshade (Bittersweet) 522 

Wormseed 611 

Wormseed-Goosefoot (Worm- 
seed) 611 

Wormwood 61 1 



Yam Root (Stillingia) 598 

Yarrow 612 

Yellow Broom (Wild Indigo) . . 609 

Yellow Dock 612 

Yellow Parilla (Vine Maple)... 605 

Yellow Puccoon (Golden Seal) 553 

Yellow Root (Twin Leaf) 603 

Yellow Umbel (Ladies' Slipper) 566 

Yerba Bnena 613 

Yerba Santa 613 



49 



770 



INDEX. 



INDEX TO MISCELLANEOUS HOUSEHOLD 

RECEIPTS. 



Acid Stains, to Remove 690 

Ants, to Exterminate 702 

Apple Tree Borer, to Extermin- 
ate 705 

Bed Bug Exterminators 700 

Black Cloth, to Clean . . . . 685 

Blankets, to Wash 694 

Blood Stains, to Remove . . . . — 690 
Broadcloth, to Remove Stains 

from 692 

Brass, to Clean 696 

Cabbage Worms, to Exterminate 702 
Canker Worms, to Exterminate. 705 
Celery Pest, to Exterminate.... 702 
Cleaning Receipts for Clothing, 

etc 685 

Cloth Cleaning Compound 685 

Clothing, Cleaning Receipts for. 685 

Cockroach Exterminator 700 

Color, to Restore 692 

Cucumber Beetles, to Extermi- 
nate 702 

Currant Worms, to Exterminate. 702 
Cut Worms, to Exterminate. . . . 702 

Diamonds, to Clean 690 

Flannel Blankets, to Wash 694 

Flannels, to Iron 694 

Flannel Washing 693 

Flatirons, to Remove Rust from 695 

Fly Paper, to Make 701 

Fruit Stains, to Remove 690 

Fruit Stains, Old, to Remove... 690 
Furniture Polishes, Stains, etc., 

697, 698 
Furs, to Clean 687 

Garden and Orchard Insect Ene- 
mies 701 

Gilt Frames, to Clean 696, 697 

Gloves, to Clean 687, 688 

Grape Black-Rot, Remedy for. . 705 
Grass Stains, to Remove 690 



Grease, to Remove 692 

Grubs, to Exterminate 705 

Hats, to Clean 688, 689 

Ink Stains, to Remove 691, 692 

Insects on Plants, to Discover. . 701 

Jackman's Washing Compound. 693 

Lace, Black, to Revive 687 

Lace, to Wash 686 

Laundry Receipts 693 

Linen, Discolored, to Restore... 691 

Linen, to Stiffen 695 

May Beetles, to Exterminate 703 

Mildew, to Prevent 692 

Mildew, to Remove 692 

Milk and Coffee Stains, to Re- 
move 691 

Moth Exterminator ........... 699 

Oil Cloth, to Clean 699 

Onion Maggot, to Exterminate.. 703 
Ostrich Feathers, to Clean 689 

Paint Brushes, to Clean 699 

Paint, to Clean 698 

Paint, to Remove 699 

Pear-Leaf Blight 705 

Plant Lice, to Exterminate 703 

Plush, to Renovate 687 

Rats and Mice, to Exterminate. . 700 

Rat Trap, Novel 700 

Ribbons, to Clean 686 

Rust and Ink Stains, to Remove. 691 

Satins, to Clean 685 

Scale Insects on Plants, to Ex- 
terminate 703 

Scorches, to Remove 695 

Scouring Balls to Remove Grease 

from Cloth 685 



INDEX. 



771 



MISCELLANEOUS HOUSE- 
HOLD RECEIPTS— Continued. 

Shoes, to Clean 690 

Silks, to Clean 685, 686 

Silver, to Clean 695 

Slugs, Rosebush, to Exterminate 703 

Sponges, to Clean 690 

Spraying 704, 705 

Squash Bugs, to Exterminate... 704 

Stains for Furniture 698 

Stains, to Remove 690 

Starch, Gloss for 694, 695 

Strawberry Slugs, to Extermi- 
nate 704 

Straw, to Bleach 689 



MISCELLANEOUS HOUSE- 
HOLD RECEIPTS— Continued. 

Straw, to Clean 688 

Straw, to Stiffen 689 

Towels, to Wash 695 

Velvet, to Raise the Pile of 687 

Vermin Exterminators 699 

Vinegar Stains, to Remove 690 

White Cabbage Butterfly 704 

Wine Stains, Sour, to Remove. . 690 



Illustrations, 32 

Portraits, 2 

Total Number of Pages, 805 






?/ -'i 



